1
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Hollósy P, Jeszenszki P, Mátyus E. One-Particle Operator Representation over Two-Particle Basis Sets for Relativistic QED Computations. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5122-5132. [PMID: 38857902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
This work is concerned with two-spin-1/2-fermion relativistic quantum mechanics, and it is about the construction of one-particle projectors using an inherently two-particle, "explicitly correlated" basis representation necessary for good numerical convergence of the interaction energy. It is demonstrated that a faithful representation of the one-particle operators, which appear in intermediate but essential computational steps, can be constructed over a many-particle basis set by accounting for the full Hilbert space beyond the physically relevant antisymmetric subspace. Applications of this development can be foreseen for the computation of quantum-electrodynamics corrections for a correlated relativistic reference state and high-precision relativistic computations of medium-to-high-Z helium-like systems, for which other two-particle projection techniques are unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Hollósy
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Péter Jeszenszki
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Edit Mátyus
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
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2
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Doran I, Hölsch N, Beyer M, Merkt F. Zero-Quantum-Defect Method and the Fundamental Vibrational Interval of H_{2}^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:073001. [PMID: 38427875 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental vibrational interval of H_{2}^{+} has been determined to be ΔG_{1/2}=2191.126 614(17) cm^{-1} by continuous-wave laser spectroscopy of Stark manifolds of Rydberg states of H_{2} with the H_{2}^{+} ion core in the ground and first vibrationally excited states. Extrapolation of the Stark shifts to zero field yields the zero-quantum-defect positions -R_{H_{2}}/n^{2}, from which ionization energies can be determined. Our new result represents a 4-order-of-magnitude improvement compared to earlier measurements. It agrees, within the experimental uncertainty, with the value of 2191.126 626 344(17)(100) cm^{-1} determined in nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamic calculations [V. Korobov, L. Hilico and J.-Ph. Karr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 233001 (2017)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.118.233001].
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Affiliation(s)
- I Doran
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Hölsch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Beyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Merkt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Heiße F, Door M, Sailer T, Filianin P, Herkenhoff J, König CM, Kromer K, Lange D, Morgner J, Rischka A, Schweiger C, Tu B, Novikov YN, Eliseev S, Sturm S, Blaum K. High-Precision Determination of g Factors and Masses of ^{20}Ne^{9+} and ^{22}Ne^{9+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:253002. [PMID: 38181339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.253002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We present the measurements of individual bound electron g factors of ^{20}Ne^{9+} and ^{22}Ne^{9+} on the relative level of 0.1 parts per billion. The comparison with theory represents the most stringent test of bound-state QED in strong electric fields. A dedicated mass measurement results in m(^{20}Ne)=19.992 440 168 77(9) u, which improves the current literature value by a factor of 18, disagrees by 4 standard deviations, and represents the most precisely measured mass value in atomic mass units. Together, these measurements yield an electron mass on the relative level of 0.1 ppb with m_{e}=5.485 799 090 99(59)×10^{-4} u as well as a factor of seven improved m(^{22}Ne)=21.991 385 098 2(26) u.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Heiße
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Door
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Sailer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Filianin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Herkenhoff
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C M König
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Kromer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Lange
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Morgner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Rischka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ch Schweiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Tu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y N Novikov
- Kurchatov Institute-PNPI, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Eliseev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sturm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Anikin A, Danilov A, Glazov D, Kotov A, Solovyev D. Light antiproton one-electron quasi-molecular ions within the relativistic A-DKB method. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:214304. [PMID: 38051101 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, two quasi-molecular compounds each involving one antiproton and one electron (p̄), He+-p̄ and H-p̄, are investigated. Using completely relativistic calculations within the finite-basis method adapted to systems with axial symmetry, the adiabatic potential curves are constructed by numerically solving the two-center Dirac equation. The binding energies of electron are obtained as a function of the inter-nuclear distance and compared with the corresponding nonrelativistic values and relativistic leading-order corrections calculated in the framework of other approaches. A semantic analysis of antiproton quasi-molecular ions with compounds containing a proton (p) instead of an antiproton is given. The advantages of the A-DKB method are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anikin
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvorets, Oulianovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- D. I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology, St. Petersburg 190005, Russia
| | - A Danilov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvorets, Oulianovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Glazov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvorets, Oulianovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Kotov
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvorets, Oulianovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Solovyev
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvorets, Oulianovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B. P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institut," St. Petersburg, Gatchina 188300, Russia
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5
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Patkóš V, Yerokhin VA, Pachucki K. Higher-Order QED Corrections to the Hyperfine Splitting in ^{3}He. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:183001. [PMID: 37977610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.183001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a calculation of the hyperfine splitting of the 2^{3}S state in the ^{3}He atom with inclusion of all QED effects up to α^{3}E_{F}, where E_{F} is the Fermi splitting. Using the experimental value of the 1S hyperfine splitting in ^{3}He^{+}, we eliminate uncertainties from the nuclear structure and obtain the theoretical prediction for ^{3}He of ν_{hfs}=-6 739 701 181(41) Hz, which is in perfect agreement with the experimental value -6 739 701 177(16) Hz [S. D. Rosner and F. M. Pipkin, Phys. Rev. A 1, 571 (1970)PLRAAN0556-279110.1103/PhysRevA.1.571]. This result constitutes a 40-fold improvement in precision as compared to the previous value and is the most accurate theoretical prediction ever obtained for a nonhydrogenic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Patkóš
- Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir A Yerokhin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Dou Y, Osipowicz T, van Kan JA. Breaking the 10 nm barrier using molecular ions in nuclear microprobes. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 253:113812. [PMID: 37515932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The spatial resolution plays a crucial role in determining the performance of a nuclear microprobe. However, the formation of spatial resolutions below 10 nm remains a challenge in nuclear microprobes. Here, we propose novel technologies (near-axis scanning transmission ion microscopy and double-fragment scattering) utilizing molecular ions to address this challenge and demonstrate a H2+ molecular beam with 6.0 × 10 nm2 lateral resolution and monolayer thickness resolution respectively. Using the improved nuclear microprobe, we directly demonstrate that the ionization of a H2+ can be efficiently achieved using one single layer graphene, and also that single and few layers of freestanding graphene can be clearly differentiated and identified. The precise control of fast molecular ions at sub-10 nm scales has the potential to unlock new avenues of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Dou
- Centre for Ion Beam Applications, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542; Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602.
| | - Thomas Osipowicz
- Centre for Ion Beam Applications, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
| | - Jeroen Anton van Kan
- Centre for Ion Beam Applications, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542
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7
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Liu QH, Tan Y, Cheng CF, Hu SM. Precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27914-27925. [PMID: 37843424 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements on the hydrogen molecule are of fundamental importance in understanding molecular theory. Comparison of accurate experimental data and theoretical results are used to test the quantum electrodynamics theory and determine physical constants used in the calculation. We review recent advances and perspectives in the precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen, representing state-of-the-art molecular spectroscopy methods and cutting-edge high-precision calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Cun-Feng Cheng
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Shui-Ming Hu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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8
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Schwegler N, Holzapfel D, Stadler M, Mitjans A, Sergachev I, Home JP, Kienzler D. Trapping and Ground-State Cooling of a Single H_{2}^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:133003. [PMID: 37831997 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.133003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate co-trapping and sideband cooling of a H_{2}^{+}-^{9}Be^{+} ion pair in a cryogenic Paul trap. We study the chemical lifetime of H_{2}^{+} and its dependence on the apparatus temperature, achieving lifetimes of up to 11_{-3}^{+6} h at 10 K. We demonstrate cooling of two of the modes of translational motion to an average phonon number of 0.07(1) and 0.05(1), corresponding to a temperature of 22(1) and 55(3) μK, respectively. Our results provide a basis for quantum logic spectroscopy experiments of H_{2}^{+}, as well as other light ions such as HD^{+}, H_{3}^{+}, and He^{+}.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schwegler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Holzapfel
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Stadler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Mitjans
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Sergachev
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J P Home
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Kienzler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Calvin A, Eierman S, Peng Z, Brzeczek M, Satterthwaite L, Patterson D. Single molecule infrared spectroscopy in the gas phase. Nature 2023; 621:295-299. [PMID: 37380028 PMCID: PMC10499601 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopy is a key analytical tool that provides valuable insight into molecular structure and is widely used to identify chemical samples. Tagging spectroscopy is a form of action spectroscopy in which the absorption of a single photon by a molecular ion is detected via the loss of a weakly attached, inert 'tag' particle (for example, He, Ne, N2)1-3. The absorption spectrum is derived from the tag loss rate as a function of incident radiation frequency. So far, all spectroscopy of gas phase polyatomic molecules has been restricted to large molecular ensembles, thus complicating spectral interpretation by the presence of multiple chemical and isomeric species. Here we present a novel tagging spectroscopic scheme to analyse the purest possible sample: a single gas phase molecule. We demonstrate this technique with the measurement of the infrared spectrum of a single gas phase tropylium (C7H7+) molecular ion. The high sensitivity of our method revealed spectral features not previously observed using traditional tagging methods4. Our approach, in principle, enables analysis of multicomponent mixtures by identifying constituent molecules one at a time. Single molecule sensitivity extends action spectroscopy to rare samples, such as those of extraterrestrial origin5,6, or to reactive reaction intermediates formed at number densities that are too low for traditional action methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Calvin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Scott Eierman
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Zeyun Peng
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Merrell Brzeczek
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lincoln Satterthwaite
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - David Patterson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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10
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Collopy AL, Schmidt J, Leibfried D, Leibrandt DR, Chou CW. Effects of an Oscillating Electric Field on and Dipole Moment Measurement of a Single Molecular Ion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:223201. [PMID: 37327411 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We characterize and model the Stark effect due to the radio-frequency (rf) electric field experienced by a molecular ion in an rf Paul trap, a leading systematic in the uncertainty of the field-free rotational transition. The ion is deliberately displaced to sample different known rf electric fields and measure the resultant shifts in transition frequencies. With this method, we determine the permanent electric dipole moment of CaH^{+}, and find close agreement with theory. The characterization is performed by using a frequency comb which probes rotational transitions in the molecular ion. With improved coherence of the comb laser, a fractional statistical uncertainty for a transition line center of as low as 4.6×10^{-13} was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra L Collopy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Julian Schmidt
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Dietrich Leibfried
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - David R Leibrandt
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Chin-Wen Chou
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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11
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Mátyus E, Ferenc D, Jeszenszki P, Margócsy Á. The Bethe-Salpeter QED Wave Equation for Bound-State Computations of Atoms and Molecules. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:222-240. [PMID: 37249939 PMCID: PMC10214514 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Interactions in atomic and molecular systems are dominated by electromagnetic forces and the theoretical framework must be in the quantum regime. The physical theory for the combination of quantum mechanics and electromagnetism, quantum electrodynamics has been "established" by the mid-twentieth century, primarily as a scattering theory. To describe atoms and molecules, it is important to consider bound states. In the nonrelativistic quantum mechanics framework, bound states can be efficiently computed using robust and general methodologies with systematic approximations developed for solving wave equations. With the sight of the development of a computational quantum electrodynamics framework for atomic and molecular matter, the field theoretic Bethe-Salpeter wave equation expressed in space-time coordinates, its exact equal-time variant, and emergence of a relativistic wave equation, is reviewed. A computational framework, with initial applications and future challenges in relation with precision spectroscopy, is also highlighted.
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12
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Delaunay C, Karr JP, Kitahara T, Koelemeij JCJ, Soreq Y, Zupan J. Self-Consistent Extraction of Spectroscopic Bounds on Light New Physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:121801. [PMID: 37027868 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental physical constants are determined from a collection of precision measurements of elementary particles, atoms, and molecules. This is usually done under the assumption of the standard model (SM) of particle physics. Allowing for light new physics (NP) beyond the SM modifies the extraction of fundamental physical constants. Consequently, setting NP bounds using these data, and at the same time assuming the Committee on Data of the International Science Council recommended values for the fundamental physical constants, is not reliable. As we show in this Letter, both SM and NP parameters can be simultaneously determined in a consistent way from a global fit. For light vectors with QED-like couplings, such as the dark photon, we provide a prescription that recovers the degeneracy with the photon in the massless limit and requires calculations only at leading order in the small new physics couplings. At present, the data show tensions partially related to the proton charge radius determination. We show that these can be alleviated by including contributions from a light scalar with flavor nonuniversal couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Delaunay
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique, CNRS-USMB, BP 110 Annecy-le-Vieux, F-74941 Annecy, France
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, Esplanade des Particules 1, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Karr
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
- Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Boulevard François Mitterrand, F-91000 Evry, France
| | - Teppei Kitahara
- Institute for Advanced Research and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- KEK Theory Center, IPNS, KEK, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jeroen C J Koelemeij
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yotam Soreq
- Physics Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jure Zupan
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221,USA
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13
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Lensky V, Hagelstein F, Pascalutsa V. Two-photon exchange in (muonic) deuterium at N3LO in pionless effective field theory. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. A, HADRONS AND NUCLEI 2022; 58:224. [PMID: 36404796 PMCID: PMC9666338 DOI: 10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the two-photon-exchange (2 γ -exchange) corrections to the S-levels in muonic ( μ D) and ordinary (D) deuterium within the pionless effective field theory (EFT). Our calculation proceeds up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in the EFT expansion. The only unknown low-energy constant entering the calculation at this order corresponds to the coupling of a longitudinal photon to the nucleon-nucleon system. To minimise its correlation with the deuteron charge radius, it is extracted using the information about the hydrogen-deuterium isotope shift. We find the elastic 2 γ -exchange contribution in μ D larger by several standard deviations than obtained in other recent calculations. This discrepancy ameliorates the mismatch between theory and experiment on the size of 2 γ -exchange effects, and is attributed to the properties of the deuteron elastic charge form factor parametrisation used to evaluate the elastic contribution. We identify a correlation between the deuteron charge and Friar radii, which can help one to judge how well a form factor parametrisation describes the low-virtuality properties of the deuteron. We also evaluate the higher-order 2 γ -exchange contributions in μ D, generated by the single-nucleon structure and expected to be the most important terms beyond N3LO. The uncertainty of the theoretical result is dominated by the truncation of the EFT series and is quantified using a Bayesian approach. The resulting extractions of the deuteron charge radius from the μ D Lamb shift, the 2 S - 1 S transition in D, and the 2 S - 1 S hydrogen-deuterium isotope shift, with the respective 2 γ -exchange effects evaluated in a unified EFT approach, are in perfect agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Lensky
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Hagelstein
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Pascalutsa
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Ochoa Franco A, Beyer M. Black-body radiation-induced photodissociation and population redistribution of weakly bound states in H 2+. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2133750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Ochoa Franco
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Beyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Magic wavelength for a rovibrational transition in molecular hydrogen. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14529. [PMID: 36008440 PMCID: PMC9411631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen, among other simple calculable atomic and molecular systems, possesses a huge advantage of having a set of ultralong living rovibrational states that make it well suited for studying fundamental physics. Further experimental progress will require trapping cold H2 samples. However, due to the large energy of the first electronic excitation, the conventional approach to finding a magic wavelength does not work for H2. We find a rovibrational transition for which the AC Stark shift is largely compensated by the interplay between the isotropic and anisotropic components of polarizability. The residual AC Stark shift can be completely eliminated by tuning the trapping laser to a specific “magic wavelength” at which the weak quadrupole polarizability cancels the residual dipole polarizability.
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16
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Ferenc D, Jeszenszki P, Matyus E. Variational versus perturbative relativistic energies for small and light atomic and molecular systems. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094113. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0105355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Variational and perturbative relativistic energies are computed and compared for two-electron atoms and molecules with low nuclear charge numbers. In general, good agreement of the two approaches is observed. Remaining deviations can be attributed to higher-order relativistic, also called non-radiative quantum electrodynamics (QED), corrections of the perturbative approach that are automatically included in the variational solution of the no-pair Dirac--Coulomb--Breit (DCB) equation to all orders of the $\alpha$ fine-structure constant. The analysis of the polynomial $\alpha$ dependence of the DCB energy makes it possible to determine the leading-order relativistic correction to the non-relativistic energy to high precision without regularization. Contributions from the Breit--Pauli Hamiltonian, for which expectation values converge slowly due the singular terms, are implicitly included in the variational procedure. The $\alpha$ dependence of the no-pair DCB energy shows that the higher-order ($\alpha^4 E_\mathrm{h}$) non-radiative QED correction is 5~\% of the leading-order ($\alpha^3 E_\mathrm{h}$) non-radiative QED correction for $Z=2$ (He), but it is 40~\% already for $Z=4$ (Be$^{2+}$), which indicates that resummation provided by the variational procedure is important already for intermediate nuclear charge numbers.
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17
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Hori M, Aghai-Khozani H, Sótér A, Dax A, Barna D. Recent progress of laser spectroscopy measurements of pionic helium. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202226201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the results of recent laser spectroscopy experiments on metastable pionic helium atoms at the Paul Scherrer Institute’s 590 MeV cyclotron facility that was carried out by the PiHe collaboration. Some future perspectives are briefly discussed.
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18
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Koelemeij JCJ. Effect of correlated hyperfine theory errors in the determination of rotational and vibrational transition frequencies in HD +. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2058637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. J. Koelemeij
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Beyer M, Merkt F. Structure and dynamics of HD + in the vicinity of the H + + D and D + + H dissociation thresholds: Feshbach resonances and the role of g/u-symmetry breaking. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2048108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Beyer
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Merkt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Ferenc D, Jeszenszki P, Mátyus E. On the Breit interaction in an explicitly correlated variational Dirac–Coulomb framework. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:084110. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0075097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Breit interaction is implemented in the no-pair variational Dirac–Coulomb (DC) framework using an explicitly correlated Gaussian basis reported in the previous paper [P. Jeszenszki, D. Ferenc, and E. Mátyus, J. Chem. Phys. 156, 084111 (2022)]. Both a perturbative and a fully variational inclusion of the Breit term are considered. The no-pair DC plus perturbative Breit and the no-pair DC–Breit energies are compared with perturbation theory results including the Breit–Pauli Hamiltonian and leading-order non-radiative quantum electrodynamics corrections for low Z values. Possible reasons for the observed deviations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Ferenc
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Péter Jeszenszki
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Edit Mátyus
- ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
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21
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Fink DJ, Myers EG. Deuteron-to-Proton Mass Ratio from Simultaneous Measurement of the Cyclotron Frequencies of H_{2}^{+} and D^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:243001. [PMID: 34951801 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
By simultaneously measuring the cyclotron frequencies of an H_{2}^{+} ion and a deuteron in a coupled magnetron orbit we have made an extended series of measurements of their cyclotron frequency ratio. From the observed changes in H_{2}^{+} mass energy we have followed the decay of three H_{2}^{+} ions to the vibrational ground state. We are able to assign some of our measured ratios to specific rovibrational levels, hence reducing uncertainty due to H_{2}^{+} rotational energy. Assuming the most probable assignment, we obtain a deuteron-to-proton mass ratio, m_{d}/m_{p}=1.999 007 501 272(9). Combined with the atomic mass of the deuteron [S. Rau et al., Nature (London) 585, 43 (2020).NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-020-2628-7] we also obtain a new value for the atomic mass of the proton, m_{p}=1.007 276 466 574(10) u.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Fink
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
| | - Edmund G Myers
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA
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22
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Asvany O, Schlemmer S. Rotational action spectroscopy of trapped molecular ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26602-26622. [PMID: 34817492 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03975j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rotational action spectroscopy is an experimental method in which rotational spectra of molecules, typically in the microwave to sub-mm-wave domain of the electromagnetic spectrum (∼1-1000 GHz), are recorded by action spectroscopy. Action spectroscopy means that the spectrum is recorded not by detecting the absorption of light by the molecules, but by the action of the light on the molecules, e.g., photon-induced dissociation of a chemical bond, a photon-triggered reaction, or photodetachment of an electron. Typically, such experiments are performed on molecular ions, which can be well controlled and mass-selected by guiding and storage techniques. Though coming with many advantages, the application of action schemes to rotational spectroscopy was hampered for a long time by the small energy content of a corresponding photon. Therefore, the first rotational action spectroscopic methods emerged only about one decade ago. Today, there exists a toolbox full of different rotational action spectroscopic schemes which are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Asvany
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schlemmer
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany.
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23
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Wellers C, Schenkel MR, Giri GS, Brown KR, Schiller S. Controlled preparation and vibrational excitation of single ultracold molecular hydrogen ions. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.2001599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wellers
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magnus R. Schenkel
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gouri S. Giri
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kenneth R. Brown
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephan Schiller
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Fedeli L, Sainte-Marie A, Zaim N, Thévenet M, Vay JL, Myers A, Quéré F, Vincenti H. Probing Strong-Field QED with Doppler-Boosted Petawatt-Class Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:114801. [PMID: 34558937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to explore regimes of strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SF QED) otherwise unattainable with the currently available laser technology. The scheme relies on relativistic plasma mirrors curved by radiation pressure to boost the intensity of petawatt-class laser pulses by Doppler effect and focus them to extreme field intensities. We show that very clear SF QED signatures could be observed by placing a secondary target where the boosted beam is focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fedeli
- LIDYL, CEA-Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Sainte-Marie
- LIDYL, CEA-Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N Zaim
- LIDYL, CEA-Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Thévenet
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J L Vay
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Myers
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Quéré
- LIDYL, CEA-Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H Vincenti
- LIDYL, CEA-Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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25
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Clausen G, Jansen P, Scheidegger S, Agner JA, Schmutz H, Merkt F. Ionization Energy of the Metastable 2 ^{1}S_{0} State of ^{4}He from Rydberg-Series Extrapolation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:093001. [PMID: 34506206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.093001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In a recent breakthrough in first-principles calculations of two-electron systems, Patkóś, Yerokhin, and Pachucki [Phys. Rev. A 103, 042809 (2021)PLRAAN2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.103.042809] have performed the first complete calculation of the Lamb shift of the helium 2 ^{3}S_{1} and 2 ^{3}P_{J} triplet states up to the term in α^{7}m. Whereas their theoretical result of the frequency of the 2 ^{3}P←2 ^{3}S transition perfectly agrees with the experimental value, a more than 10σ discrepancy was identified for the 3 ^{3}D←2 ^{3}S and 3 ^{3}D←2 ^{3}P transitions, which hinders the determination of the He^{2+} charge radius from atomic spectroscopy. We present here a new measurement of the ionization energy of the 2 ^{1}S_{0} state of He [960 332 040.491(32) MHz] which we use in combination with the 2 ^{3}S_{1}←2 ^{1}S_{0} interval measured by Rengelink et al. [Nat. Phys. 14, 1132 (2018).NPAHAX1745-247310.1038/s41567-018-0242-5] and the 2 ^{3}P←2 ^{3}S_{1} interval measured by Zheng et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 263002 (2017)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.119.263002] and Cancio Pastor et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 023001 (2004)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.92.023001] to derive experimental ionization energies of the 2 ^{3}S_{1} state [1152 842 742.640(32) MHz] and the 2 ^{3}P centroid energy [876 106 247.025(39) MHz]. These values reveal disagreements with the α^{7}m Lamb shift prediction by 6.5σ and 10σ, respectively, and support the suggestion by Patkóš et al. of an unknown theoretical contribution to the Lamb shifts of the 2 ^{3}S and 2 ^{3}P states of He.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Clausen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Jansen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Scheidegger
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josef A Agner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjürg Schmutz
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Merkt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Hori M, Aghai-Khozani H, Sótér A, Dax A, Barna D. Laser Spectroscopy Measurements of Metastable Pionic Helium Atoms at Paul Scherrer Institute. FEW-BODY SYSTEMS 2021; 62:63. [PMID: 34720287 PMCID: PMC8550253 DOI: 10.1007/s00601-021-01630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We review recent experiments carried out by the PiHe collaboration of the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) that observed an infrared transition of three-body pionic helium atoms by laser spectroscopy. These measurements may lead to a precise determination of the charged pion mass, and complement experiments of antiprotonic helium atoms carried out at the new ELENA facility of CERN.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hori
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H. Aghai-Khozani
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Present Address: McKinsey and Company, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Sótér
- Present Address: ETH Zürich, IPA, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Dax
- Present Address: Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Barna
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Present Address: Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Abstract
Precise measurement of an atomic hydrogen transition resolves the proton size puzzle
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Ubachs
- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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28
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Ferenc D, Korobov VI, Mátyus E. Nonadiabatic, Relativistic, and Leading-Order QED Corrections for Rovibrational Intervals of ^{4}He_{2}^{+} (X ^{2}Σ_{u}^{+}). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:213001. [PMID: 33274993 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.213001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rovibrational intervals of the ^{4}He_{2}^{+} molecular ion in its X ^{2}Σ_{u}^{+} ground electronic state are computed by including the nonadiabatic, relativistic, and leading-order quantum-electrodynamics corrections. Good agreement of theory and experiment is observed for the rotational excitation series of the vibrational ground state and the fundamental vibration. The lowest-energy rotational interval is computed to be 70.937 69(10) cm^{-1} in agreement with the most recently reported experimental value, 70.937 589(23)(60)_{sys} cm^{-1} [L. Semeria et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 213001 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.124.213001].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Ferenc
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Vladimir I Korobov
- Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - Edit Mátyus
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
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29
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Huang P, Kain S, de Oliveira-Filho AGS, Odom BC. Protocol for optically pumping AlH + to a pure quantum state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24423-24430. [PMID: 33084668 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04036c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose an optical pumping scheme to prepare trapped AlH+ molecules in a pure state, the stretched hyperfine state of the rovibronic ground manifold |X2Σ+, v = 0, N = 0 . Our scheme utilizes linearly-polarized and circularly-polarized fields of a broadband pulsed laser to cool the rotational degree of freedom and drive the population to the hyperfine state, respectively. We simulate the population dynamics by solving a representative system of rate equations that accounts for the laser fields, blackbody radiation, and spontaneous emission. In order to model the hyperfine structure, new hyperfine constants of the A2Π excited state were computed using a RASSCF wavefunction. We find that adding an infrared laser to drive the 1-0 vibrational transition within the X2Σ+ manifold accelerates the cooling process. The results show that, under optimal conditions, the population in the target state of the rovibronic ground manifold can reach 63% after 68 μs (330 ms) and 95% after 25 ms (1.2 s) with (without) the infrared laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Schuyler Kain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Antonio G S de Oliveira-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório Computacional de Espectroscopia e Cinética, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Brian C Odom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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30
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Abstract
This article proposes a new method for sensing THz waves that can allow electric field measurements traceable to the International System of Units and to the fundamental physical constants by using the comparison between precision measurements with cold trapped HD+ ions and accurate predictions of molecular ion theory. The approach exploits the lightshifts induced on the two-photon rovibrational transition at 55.9 THz by a THz wave around 1.3 THz, which is off-resonantly coupled to the HD+ fundamental rotational transition. First, the direction and the magnitude of the static magnetic field applied to the ion trap is calibrated using Zeeman spectroscopy of HD+. Then, a set of lightshifts are converted into the amplitudes and the phases of the THz electric field components in an orthogonal laboratory frame by exploiting the sensitivity of the lightshifts to the intensity, the polarization and the detuning of the THz wave to the HD+ energy levels. The THz electric field measurement uncertainties are estimated for quantum projection noise-limited molecular ion frequency measurements with the current accuracy of molecular ion theory. The method has the potential to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of electric field metrology and may be extended to THz magnetic fields and to optical fields.
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31
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Stollenwerk PR, Antonov IO, Venkataramanababu S, Lin YW, Odom BC. Cooling of a Zero-Nuclear-Spin Molecular Ion to a Selected Rotational State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:113201. [PMID: 32975973 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate rotational cooling of the silicon monoxide cation via optical pumping by a spectrally filtered broadband laser. Compared with diatomic hydrides, SiO^{+} is more challenging to cool because of its smaller rotational interval. However, the rotational level spacing and the large dipole moment of SiO^{+} allows for direct manipulation by microwaves, and the absence of hyperfine structure in its dominant isotopologue greatly reduces demands for pure quantum state preparation. These features make ^{28}Si^{16}O^{+} a good candidate for future applications such as quantum information processing. Cooling to the ground rotational state is achieved on a 100 ms timescale and attains a population of 94(3)%, with an equivalent temperature T=0.53(6) K. We also describe a novel spectral-filtering approach to cool into arbitrary rotational states and use it to demonstrate a narrow rotational population distribution (N±1) around a selected state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan O Antonov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | | | - Yen-Wei Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Brian C Odom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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32
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Penning trap mass measurements of the deuteron and the HD + molecular ion. Nature 2020; 585:43-47. [PMID: 32879505 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The masses of the lightest atomic nuclei and the electron mass1 are interlinked, and their values affect observables in atomic2, molecular3-5 and neutrino physics6, as well as metrology. The most precise values for these fundamental parameters come from Penning trap mass spectrometry, which achieves relative mass uncertainties of the order of 10-11. However, redundancy checks using data from different experiments reveal considerable inconsistencies in the masses of the proton, the deuteron and the helion (the nucleus of helium-3), suggesting that the uncertainty of these values may have been underestimated. Here we present results from absolute mass measurements of the deuteron and the HD+ molecular ion using 12C as a mass reference. Our value for the deuteron mass, 2.013553212535(17) atomic mass units, has better precision than the CODATA value7 by a factor of 2.4 and differs from it by 4.8 standard deviations. With a relative uncertainty of eight parts per trillion, this is the most precise mass value measured directly in atomic mass units. Furthermore, our measurement of the mass of the HD+ molecular ion, 3.021378241561(61) atomic mass units, not only allows a rigorous consistency check of our results for the masses of the deuteron (this work) and the proton8, but also establishes an additional link for the masses of tritium9 and helium-3 (ref. 10) to the atomic mass unit. Combined with a recent measurement of the deuteron-to-proton mass ratio11, the uncertainty of the reference value of the proton mass7 can be reduced by a factor of three.
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33
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Abstract
Spectroscopy of hydrogen deuteride ions provides the proton-to-electron mass ratio
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hori
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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34
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Koelemeij JCJ. Precise measurement of deuteron mass raises hopes of solving the nuclear-mass puzzle. Nature 2020; 585:35-36. [DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-02474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Patra S, Germann M, Karr JP, Haidar M, Hilico L, Korobov VI, Cozijn FMJ, Eikema KSE, Ubachs W, Koelemeij JCJ. Proton-electron mass ratio from laser spectroscopy of HD+ at the part-per-trillion level. Science 2020; 369:1238-1241. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aba0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent mass measurements of light atomic nuclei in Penning traps have indicated possible inconsistencies in closely related physical constants such as the proton-electron and deuteron-proton mass ratios. These quantities also influence the predicted vibrational spectrum of the deuterated molecular hydrogen ion (HD+) in its electronic ground state. We used Doppler-free two-photon laser spectroscopy to measure the frequency of the v = 0→9 overtone transition (v, vibrational quantum number) of this spectrum with an uncertainty of 2.9 parts per trillion. By leveraging high-precision ab initio calculations, we converted our measurement to tight constraints on the proton-electron and deuteron-proton mass ratios, consistent with the most recent Penning trap determinations of these quantities. This results in a precision of 21 parts per trillion for the value of the proton-electron mass ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Patra
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Germann
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J.-Ph. Karr
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC–Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Département de Physique, Université d’Evry–Val d’Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - M. Haidar
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC–Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L. Hilico
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC–Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Département de Physique, Université d’Evry–Val d’Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - V. I. Korobov
- Bogolyubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - F. M. J. Cozijn
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K. S. E. Eikema
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- ARCNL (Advanced Research Centre for Nanolithography), 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W. Ubachs
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- ARCNL (Advanced Research Centre for Nanolithography), 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. C. J. Koelemeij
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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