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Fletcher LN, Cavalié T, Grassi D, Hueso R, Lara LM, Kaspi Y, Galanti E, Greathouse TK, Molyneux PM, Galand M, Vallat C, Witasse O, Lorente R, Hartogh P, Poulet F, Langevin Y, Palumbo P, Gladstone GR, Retherford KD, Dougherty MK, Wahlund JE, Barabash S, Iess L, Bruzzone L, Hussmann H, Gurvits LI, Santolik O, Kolmasova I, Fischer G, Müller-Wodarg I, Piccioni G, Fouchet T, Gérard JC, Sánchez-Lavega A, Irwin PGJ, Grodent D, Altieri F, Mura A, Drossart P, Kammer J, Giles R, Cazaux S, Jones G, Smirnova M, Lellouch E, Medvedev AS, Moreno R, Rezac L, Coustenis A, Costa M. Jupiter Science Enabled by ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2023; 219:53. [PMID: 37744214 PMCID: PMC10511624 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-00996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) will provide a detailed investigation of the Jovian system in the 2030s, combining a suite of state-of-the-art instruments with an orbital tour tailored to maximise observing opportunities. We review the Jupiter science enabled by the JUICE mission, building on the legacy of discoveries from the Galileo, Cassini, and Juno missions, alongside ground- and space-based observatories. We focus on remote sensing of the climate, meteorology, and chemistry of the atmosphere and auroras from the cloud-forming weather layer, through the upper troposphere, into the stratosphere and ionosphere. The Jupiter orbital tour provides a wealth of opportunities for atmospheric and auroral science: global perspectives with its near-equatorial and inclined phases, sampling all phase angles from dayside to nightside, and investigating phenomena evolving on timescales from minutes to months. The remote sensing payload spans far-UV spectroscopy (50-210 nm), visible imaging (340-1080 nm), visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (0.49-5.56 μm), and sub-millimetre sounding (near 530-625 GHz and 1067-1275 GHz). This is coupled to radio, stellar, and solar occultation opportunities to explore the atmosphere at high vertical resolution; and radio and plasma wave measurements of electric discharges in the Jovian atmosphere and auroras. Cross-disciplinary scientific investigations enable JUICE to explore coupling processes in giant planet atmospheres, to show how the atmosphere is connected to (i) the deep circulation and composition of the hydrogen-dominated interior; and (ii) to the currents and charged particle environments of the external magnetosphere. JUICE will provide a comprehensive characterisation of the atmosphere and auroras of this archetypal giant planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh N. Fletcher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - Thibault Cavalié
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - Davide Grassi
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Ricardo Hueso
- Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luisa M. Lara
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, c/Glorieta de la Astronomía 3, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Yohai Kaspi
- Dept. of Earth and Planetray Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Eli Galanti
- Dept. of Earth and Planetray Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | | | | | - Marina Galand
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Claire Vallat
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESAC Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain
| | - Olivier Witasse
- European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - Rosario Lorente
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESAC Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain
| | - Paul Hartogh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - François Poulet
- Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Yves Langevin
- Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Pasquale Palumbo
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G. Randall Gladstone
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228 United States
- University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX United States
| | - Kurt D. Retherford
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228 United States
- University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX United States
| | | | | | - Stas Barabash
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), Kiruna, Sweden
| | - Luciano Iess
- Dipartimento di ingegneria meccanica e aerospaziale, Universit á La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bruzzone
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Remote Sensing Laboratory, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento, I-38123 Italy
| | - Hauke Hussmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonid I. Gurvits
- Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Aerospace Faculty, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ondřej Santolik
- Department of Space Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivana Kolmasova
- Department of Space Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Georg Fischer
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Giuseppe Piccioni
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Thierry Fouchet
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | | | - Agustin Sánchez-Lavega
- Física Aplicada, Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Patrick G. J. Irwin
- Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - Denis Grodent
- LPAP, STAR Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Francesca Altieri
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mura
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Pierre Drossart
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
- Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Josh Kammer
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228 United States
| | - Rohini Giles
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228 United States
| | - Stéphanie Cazaux
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Geraint Jones
- UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Hombury St. Mary, Dorking, RH5 6NT UK
- The Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Maria Smirnova
- Dept. of Earth and Planetray Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100
| | - Emmanuel Lellouch
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | | | - Raphael Moreno
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - Ladislav Rezac
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Athena Coustenis
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - Marc Costa
- Rhea Group, for European Space Agency, ESAC, Madrid, Spain
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Kolmašová I, Santolík O, Imai M, Kurth WS, Hospodarsky GB, Connerney JEP, Bolton SJ, Lán R. Lightning at Jupiter pulsates with a similar rhythm as in-cloud lightning at Earth. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2707. [PMID: 37221170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge about the fine structure of lightning processes at Jupiter was substantially limited by the time resolution of previous measurements. Recent observations of the Juno mission revealed electromagnetic signals of Jovian rapid whistlers at a cadence of a few lightning discharges per second, comparable to observations of return strokes at Earth. The duration of these discharges was below a few milliseconds and below one millisecond in the case of Jovian dispersed pulses, which were also discovered by Juno. However, it was still uncertain if Jovian lightning processes have the fine structure of steps corresponding to phenomena known from thunderstorms at Earth. Here we show results collected by the Juno Waves instrument during 5 years of measurements at 125-microsecond resolution. We identify radio pulses with typical time separations of one millisecond, which suggest step-like extensions of lightning channels and indicate that Jovian lightning initiation processes are similar to the initiation of intracloud lightning at Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kolmašová
- Department of Space Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Ondřej Santolík
- Department of Space Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Masafumi Imai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Niihama College, Niihama, Ehime, Japan
| | - William S Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | - Scott J Bolton
- Space Science Department, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Radek Lán
- Department of Space Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Bolton SJ, Levin SM, Guillot T, Li C, Kaspi Y, Orton G, Wong MH, Oyafuso F, Allison M, Arballo J, Atreya S, Becker HN, Bloxham J, Brown ST, Fletcher LN, Galanti E, Gulkis S, Janssen M, Ingersoll A, Lunine JL, Misra S, Steffes P, Stevenson D, Waite JH, Yadav RK, Zhang Z. Microwave observations reveal the deep extent and structure of Jupiter's atmospheric vortices. Science 2021; 374:968-972. [PMID: 34709937 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Bolton
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S M Levin
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - T Guillot
- Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
| | - C Li
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Kaspi
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - G Orton
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M H Wong
- Carl Sagan Center for Research, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Oyafuso
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M Allison
- Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - J Arballo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S Atreya
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - H N Becker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - J Bloxham
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - S T Brown
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - L N Fletcher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - E Galanti
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - S Gulkis
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M Janssen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - A Ingersoll
- Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - J L Lunine
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S Misra
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - P Steffes
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Stevenson
- Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - J H Waite
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - R K Yadav
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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