1
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Lascaris E, Marchese F, Gaspar N. Crystallization and the liquid-liquid critical point in nonbonded modified-WAC models. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044503. [PMID: 39037140 DOI: 10.1063/5.0215601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
For decades, it has been known that Liquid-Liquid Critical Points (LLCPs) can exist in one-component liquids, yet a comprehensive understanding of the conditions under which they arise remains elusive. To better comprehend the possible interplay between the LLCP and the crystalline phase, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations using the nonbonded family of modified-WAC (mWAC) models, which are known to exhibit a LLCP for certain parameter values. By comparing different versions of the mWAC model-those featuring a LLCP and those lacking one-we identify several key differences between the models relating to crystallization. Those models that do have a LLCP are found to have multiple stable crystalline phases, one of them being a solid-state ionic conductor similar to superionic ice. Moreover, we find that for models that do not have a LLCP, the liquid becomes a glass at a larger range of temperatures, possibly preventing the occurrence of a LLCP. Further studies are required to determine if these results are general or model-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Lascaris
- Department of Chemistry & Physical Sciences, Pace University, New York, New York 10038, USA
| | - Francesca Marchese
- Department of Chemistry & Physical Sciences, Pace University, New York, New York 10038, USA
| | - Nicole Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry & Physical Sciences, Pace University, New York, New York 10038, USA
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2
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Chen L, Chu Y, Qin X, Gao Z, Zhang G, Zhang H, Wang Q, Li Q, Guo H, Li Y, Liu C. Ultrafast Dynamics Across Pressure-Induced Electronic State Transitions, Fluorescence Quenching, and Bandgap Evolution in CsPbBr 3 Quantum Dots. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308016. [PMID: 38308192 PMCID: PMC11005694 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
This work investigates the impact of pressure on the structural, optical properties, and electronic structure of CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) using steady-state photoluminescence, steady-state absorption, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, reaching a maximum pressure of 3.38 GPa. The experimental results indicate that CsPbBr3 QDs undergo electronic state (ES) transitions from ES-I to ES-II and ES-II to ES-III at 0.38 and 1.08 GPa, respectively. Intriguingly, a mixed state of ES-II and ES-III is observed within the pressure range of 1.08-1.68 GPa. The pressure-induced fluorescence quenching in ES-II is attributed to enhanced defect trapping and reduced radiative recombination. Above 1.68 GPa, fluorescence vanishes entirely, attributed to the complete phase transformation from ES-II to ES-III in which radiative recombination becomes non-existent. Notably, owing to stronger quantum confinement effects, CsPbBr3 QDs exhibit an impressive bandgap tuning range of 0.497 eV from 0 to 2.08 GPa, outperforming nanocrystals by 1.4 times and bulk counterparts by 11.3 times. Furthermore, this work analyzes various carrier dynamics processes in the pressure-induced bandgap evolution and electron state transitions, and systematically studies the microphysical mechanisms of optical properties in CsPbBr3 QDs under pressure, offering insights for optimizing optical properties and designing novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Physics Science & Information TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059P. R. China
| | - Ya Chu
- School of Physics Science & Information TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059P. R. China
| | - Xiaxia Qin
- School of Physics Science & Information TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Gao
- School of Physics Science & Information TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059P. R. China
| | - Guozhao Zhang
- School of Physics Science & Information TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059P. R. China
| | - Haiwa Zhang
- School of Physics Science & Information TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Wang
- School of Physics Science & Information TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Physics Science & Information TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059P. R. China
| | - Haizhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052P. R. China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials Design and ApplicationSchool of Physics and Electronic EngineeringJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou221116P. R. China
| | - Cailong Liu
- School of Physics Science & Information TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059P. R. China
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3
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Grelska J, Temleitner L, Park C, Jurkiewicz K, Pawlus S. High-Pressure and Temperature Effects on the Clustering Ability of Monohydroxy Alcohols. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3118-3126. [PMID: 38471115 PMCID: PMC10961836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the clustering behavior of monohydroxy alcohols, where hydrogen-bonded clusters of up to a hundred molecules on the nanoscale can form. By performing X-ray diffraction experiments at different temperatures and under high pressure, we investigated how these conditions affect the ability of alcohols to form clusters. The pioneering high-pressure experiment performed on liquid alcohols contributes to the emerging knowledge in this field. Implementation of molecular dynamics simulations yielded excellent agreement with the experimental results, enabling the analysis of theoretical models. Here we show that at the same global density achieved either by alteration of pressure or temperature, the local aggregation of molecules at the nanoscale may significantly differ. Surprisingly, high pressure not only promotes the formation of hydrogen-bonded clusters but also induces the serious reorganization of molecules. This research represents a milestone in understanding association under extreme thermodynamic conditions in other hydrogen bonding systems such as water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grelska
- A.
Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University
of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - László Temleitner
- HUN-REN
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege út 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Changyong Park
- High
Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Karolina Jurkiewicz
- A.
Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University
of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Sebastian Pawlus
- A.
Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University
of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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4
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Yang M, Trizio E, Parrinello M. Structure and polymerization of liquid sulfur across the λ-transition. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3382-3392. [PMID: 38425540 PMCID: PMC10902632 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The anomalous λ-transition of liquid sulfur, which is supposed to be related to the transformation of eight-membered sulfur rings into long polymeric chains, has attracted considerable attention. However, a detailed description of the underlying dynamical polymerization process is still missing. Here, we study the structures and the mechanism of the polymerization processes of liquid sulfur across the λ-transition as well as its reverse process of formation of the rings. We do so by performing ab initio-quality molecular dynamics simulations thanks to a combination of machine learning potentials and state-of-the-art enhanced sampling techniques. With our approach, we obtain structural results that are in good agreement with the experiments and we report precious dynamical insights into the mechanisms involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyi Yang
- Atomistic Simulations, Italian Institute of Technology 16156 Genova Italy
| | - Enrico Trizio
- Atomistic Simulations, Italian Institute of Technology 16156 Genova Italy
- Department of Materials Science, Università di Milano-Bicocca 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Michele Parrinello
- Atomistic Simulations, Italian Institute of Technology 16156 Genova Italy
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5
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Mokshin AV, Vlasov RV. Liquid-Liquid Crossover in Water Model: Local Structure vs Kinetics of Hydrogen Bonds. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38411102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In equilibrium and supercooled liquids, polymorphism is manifested by thermodynamic regions defined in the phase diagram, which are predominantly of different short- and medium-range order (local structure). It is found that on the phase diagram of the water model, the thermodynamic region corresponding to the equilibrium liquid phase is divided by a line of the smooth liquid-liquid crossover. In the case of the water model TIP4P/2005, this crossover is revealed by various local order parameters and corresponds to pressures on the order of 3150 ± 350 atm at ambient temperature. In the vicinity of the crossover, the dynamics of water molecules change significantly, which is reflected, in particular, in the fact that the self-diffusion coefficient reaches its maximum values. In addition, changes in the structure also manifest themselves in changes in the kinetics of hydrogen bonding, which are captured by values of such quantities as the average lifetime of hydrogen bonding, the average lifetimes of different local coordination numbers, and the frequencies of changes in different local coordination numbers. An interpretation of the hydrogen bond kinetics in terms of the free energy landscape concept in the space of possible coordination numbers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii V Mokshin
- Department of Computational Physics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Roman V Vlasov
- Department of Computational Physics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
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6
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Finney JL. The structure of water: A historical perspective. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:060901. [PMID: 38341786 DOI: 10.1063/5.0182665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Attempts to understand the molecular structure of water were first made well over a century ago. Looking back at the various attempts, it is illuminating to see how these were conditioned by the state of knowledge of chemistry and physics at the time and the experimental and theoretical tools then available. Progress in the intervening years has been facilitated by not only conceptual and theoretical advances in physics and chemistry but also the development of experimental techniques and instrumentation. Exploitation of powerful computational methods in interpreting what at first sight may seem impenetrable experimental data has led us to the consistent and detailed picture we have today of not only the structure of liquid water itself and how it changes with temperature and pressure but also its interactions with other molecules, in particular those relevant to water's role in important chemical and biological processes. Much remains to be done in the latter areas, but the experimental and computational techniques that now enable us to do what might reasonably be termed "liquid state crystallography" have opened the door to make possible further advances. Consequently, we now have the tools to explore further the role of water in those processes that underpin life itself-the very prospect that inspired Bernal to develop his ideas on the structure of liquids in general and of water in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Finney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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7
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Shumovskyi NA, Buldyrev SV. Generic maximum-valence model for fluid polyamorphism. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:024140. [PMID: 36932473 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.024140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a maximal-valence model has been proposed to model a liquid-liquid phase transition induced by polymerization in sulfur. In this paper we present a simple generic model to describe liquid polyamorphism in single-component fluids using a maximum-valence approach for any arbitrary coordination number. The model contains three types of interactions: (i) atoms attract each other by van der Waals forces that generate a liquid-gas transition at low pressures, (ii) atoms may form covalent bonds that induce association, and (iii) additional repulsive forces between atoms with maximal valence and atoms with any valence. This additional repulsion generates liquid-liquid phase separation and the region of the negative heat expansion coefficient (density anomaly) on a P-T phase diagram. We show the existence of liquid-liquid phase transitions for dimerization, polymerization, gelation, and network formation for corresponding coordination numbers z=1,2,...,6 and discuss the limits of this generic model for producing fluid polyamorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey V Buldyrev
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10033, USA
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8
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Zhou Z, Qiu Q. Molecular insights into the compression response of nitrogen / tetrafluoromethane liquid mixture from ab initio molecular dynamics. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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9
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Amann-Winkel K, Kim KH, Giovambattista N, Ladd-Parada M, Späh A, Perakis F, Pathak H, Yang C, Eklund T, Lane TJ, You S, Jeong S, Lee JH, Eom I, Kim M, Park J, Chun SH, Poole PH, Nilsson A. Liquid-liquid phase separation in supercooled water from ultrafast heating of low-density amorphous ice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:442. [PMID: 36707522 PMCID: PMC9883474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experiments continue to find evidence for a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) in supercooled water, which would unify our understanding of the anomalous properties of liquid water and amorphous ice. These experiments are challenging because the proposed LLPT occurs under extreme metastable conditions where the liquid freezes to a crystal on a very short time scale. Here, we analyze models for the LLPT to show that coexistence of distinct high-density and low-density liquid phases may be observed by subjecting low-density amorphous (LDA) ice to ultrafast heating. We then describe experiments in which we heat LDA ice to near the predicted critical point of the LLPT by an ultrafast infrared laser pulse, following which we measure the structure factor using femtosecond x-ray laser pulses. Consistent with our predictions, we observe a LLPT occurring on a time scale < 100 ns and widely separated from ice formation, which begins at times >1 μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Amann-Winkel
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.419547.a0000 0001 1010 1663Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research and Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Nicolas Giovambattista
- grid.183006.c0000 0001 0671 7844Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA ,grid.253482.a0000 0001 0170 7903The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.411313.50000 0004 0512 3288Present Address: Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Späh
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harshad Pathak
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheolhee Yang
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Tobias Eklund
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas J. Lane
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Seonju You
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeong
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Intae Eom
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Park
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hwan Chun
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Peter H. Poole
- grid.264060.60000 0004 1936 7363Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G2W5 Canada
| | - Anders Nilsson
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Gartner TE, Piaggi PM, Car R, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Debenedetti PG. Liquid-Liquid Transition in Water from First Principles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:255702. [PMID: 36608224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.255702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing question in water research is the possibility that supercooled liquid water can undergo a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLT) into high- and low-density liquids. We used several complementary molecular simulation techniques to evaluate the possibility of an LLT in an ab initio neural network model of water trained on density functional theory calculations with the SCAN exchange correlation functional. We conclusively show the existence of a first-order LLT and an associated critical point in the SCAN description of water, representing the first definitive computational evidence for an LLT in water from first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Gartner
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Pablo M Piaggi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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11
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Kassem M, Benmore CJ, Usuki T, Ohara K, Tverjanovich A, Bokova M, Brazhkin VV, Bychkov E. Transient Mesoscopic Immiscibility, Viscosity Anomaly, and High Internal Pressure at the Semiconductor-Metal Transition in Liquid Ga 2Te 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10843-10850. [PMID: 36382897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gallium tellurides appear to be promising phase-change materials (PCMs) of the next generation for brain-inspired computing and reconfigurable optical metasurfaces. They are different from the benchmark PCMs because of sp3 gallium hybridization in both cubic Ga2Te3 and amorphous pulsed laser deposition (PLD) films. Liquid Ga2Te3 also shows a viscosity η(T) anomaly just above melting when η(T) first increases and only then starts decreasing. We used high-energy X-ray diffraction to observe a transient mesoscopic immiscibility that suggested dense metallic liquid droplets in a semiconducting melt. The η(T) shape was consistent with this finding. A vanishing first sharp diffraction peak that also shifts to a higher Q indicates a high internal pressure in the metallic melt, which produces a remarkable asymmetry of the Ga-Te nearest neighbor distances and is reminiscent of high-pressure rhombohedral Ga2Te3. The observed phenomena provide a realistic scenario for a fast, multilevel SET-RESET response, which also unravels similar trends in the purported density-driven liquid polyamorphism of water, phosphorus, sulfur, and other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris J Benmore
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Takeshi Usuki
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata990-8560, Japan
| | - Koji Ohara
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo679-5198, Japan
| | - Andrey Tverjanovich
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg198504, Russia
| | - Maria Bokova
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140Dunkerque, France
| | - Vadim V Brazhkin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow108840, Russia
| | - Eugene Bychkov
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 59140Dunkerque, France
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12
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Zhou Y, Lopez GE, Giovambattista N. Anomalous properties in the potential energy landscape of a monatomic liquid across the liquid-gas and liquid-liquid phase transitions. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:124502. [PMID: 36182441 PMCID: PMC9525132 DOI: 10.1063/5.0106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a liquid approaches the gas state, the properties of the potential energy landscape (PEL) sampled by the system become anomalous. Specifically, (i) the mechanically stable local minima of the PEL [inherent structures (IS)] can exhibit cavitation above the so-called Sastry volume, vS, before the liquid enters the gas phase. In addition, (ii) the pressure of the liquid at the sampled IS [i.e., the PEL equation of state, PIS(v)] develops a spinodal-like minimum at vS. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of a monatomic water-like liquid and verify that points (i) and (ii) hold at high temperatures. However, at low temperatures, cavitation in the liquid and the corresponding IS occurs simultaneously and a Sastry volume cannot be defined. Remarkably, at intermediate/high temperatures, the IS of the liquid can exhibit crystallization, i.e., the liquid regularly visits the regions of the PEL that belong to the crystal state. The model liquid considered also exhibits a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) between a low-density and a high-density liquid (LDL and HDL). By studying the behavior of PIS(v) during the LLPT, we identify a Sastry volume for both LDL and HDL. The HDL Sastry volume marks the onset above which IS are heterogeneous (composed of LDL and HDL particles), analogous to points (i) and (ii) above. However, the relationship between the LDL Sastry volume and the onset of heterogeneous IS is less evident. We conclude by presenting a thermodynamic argument that can explain the behavior of the PEL equation of state PIS(v) across both the liquid-gas phase transition and LLPT.
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13
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Fried NR, Longo TJ, Anisimov MA. Thermodynamic modeling of fluid polyamorphism in hydrogen at extreme conditions. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:101101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0107043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid polyamorphism, the existence of multiple amorphous fluid states in a single-component system, has been observed or predicted in a variety of substances. A remarkable example of this phenomenon is the fluid–fluid phase transition (FFPT) in high-pressure hydrogen between insulating and conducting high-density fluids. This transition is induced by the reversible dimerization/dissociation of the molecular and atomistic states of hydrogen. In this work, we present the first attempt to thermodynamically model the FFPT in hydrogen at extreme conditions. Our predictions for the phase coexistence and the reaction equilibrium of the two alternative forms of fluid hydrogen are based on experimental data and supported by the results of simulations. Remarkably, we find that the law of corresponding states can be utilized to construct a unified equation of state combining the available computational results for different models of hydrogen and the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R. Fried
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Thomas J. Longo
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Mikhail A. Anisimov
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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14
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Cerdeiriña CA. Water's Unusual Thermodynamics in the Realm of Physical Chemistry. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6608-6613. [PMID: 36001372 PMCID: PMC9797112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While it is known since the early work by Edsall, Frank and Evans, Kauzmann, and others that the thermodynamics of solvation of nonpolar solutes in water is unusual and has implications for the thermodynamics of protein folding, only recently have its connections with the unusual temperature dependence of the density of solvent water been illuminated. Such density behavior is, in turn, one of the manifestations of a nonstandard thermodynamic pattern contemplating a second, liquid-liquid critical point at conditions of temperature and pressure at which water exists as a deeply supercooled liquid. Recent experimental and computational work unambiguously points toward the existence of such a critical point, thereby providing concrete answers to the questions posed by the 1976 pioneering experiments by Speedy and Angell and the associated "liquid-liquid transition hypothesis" posited in 1992 by Stanley and co-workers. Challenges of this phenomenology to the branch of Statistical Mechanics remain.
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15
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Yuan B, Aitken B, Sen S. Observation of a Reentrant Structural Transition in an Arsenic Sulfide Liquid . J Chem Phys 2022; 157:114503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental and much-debated issue in glass science is the existence and nature of liquid-liquid transitions in glass-forming liquids. Here we report the existence of a novel reentrant structural transition in a S-rich arsenic sulfide liquid of composition As2.5S97.5. The nature of this transition and its effect on viscosity are investigated in situ using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry and simultaneous Raman spectroscopic and rheometric measurements. The results indicate that, upon heating significantly above its glass transition temperature (261K), the constituent sulfur chains in the structure of the supercooled liquid first undergo a [S]n ↔ S8 chain-to-ring conversion near ~383K, which is exothermic in nature. Further heating above 393K alters the equilibrium to shift in the opposite direction towards an endothermic ring-to-chain conversion characteristic of the well-known λ-transition in pure sulfur liquid. This behavior is attributed to the competing effects of enthalpy of mixing and conformational entropy of ring and chain elements in the liquid. The existence of reentrant structural transitions in glass-forming liquids could provide important insight into the thermodynamics of liquid-liquid transitions and may have important consequences for harnessing novel functionalities of derived glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yuan
- University of California Davis College of Engineering, United States of America
| | - Bruce Aitken
- Glass Research, Corning Incorporated, United States of America
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Davis College of Engineering, United States of America
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16
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Wang Y, Stillinger FH, Debenedetti PG. Fluid-fluid phase transitions in a chiral molecular model. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:084501. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chirality is a fundamental phenomenon, underlying both life as we know it and industrial pharmaceutical syntheses. Understanding the symmetry-breaking phase transitions exhibited by many chiral molecular substances provides basic insights for topics ranging from the origin of life to the rational design of drug manufacturing processes. In this work, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the fluid-fluid phase transitions of a flexible 3-dimensional four-site chiral molecular model developed by Latinwo et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 145, 154503 (2016)] and Petsev et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 155, 084105 (2021)]. By introducing a bias favoring local homochiral versus heterochiral interactions, the system exhibits a phase transition from a single achiral phase to a single chiral phase which undergoes infrequent interconversion between the two thermodynamically identical chiral states, the L-rich and D-rich phases. According to the phase rule, this reactive binary system has two independent degrees of freedom and exhibits a density-dependent critical locus. Below the liquid-liquid critical locus, there exists a first-order vapor-liquid coexistence region with a single independent degree of freedom. Our results provide basic thermodynamic and kinetic insights for understanding many-body chiral symmetry breaking phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Princeton University, United States of America
| | - Frank H. Stillinger
- Chemistry Dept., Room 158, Princeton University Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, United States of America
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17
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Structural changes across thermodynamic maxima in supercooled liquid tellurium: A water-like scenario. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202044119. [PMID: 35867742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202044119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid polymorphism is an intriguing phenomenon that has been found in a few single-component systems, the most famous being water. By supercooling liquid Te to more than 130 K below its melting point and performing simultaneous small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements, we observe clear maxima in its thermodynamic response functions around 615 K, suggesting the possible existence of liquid polymorphism. A close look at the underlying structural evolution shows the development of intermediate-range order upon cooling, most strongly around the thermodynamic maxima, which we attribute to bond-orientational ordering. The striking similarities between our results and those of water, despite the lack of hydrogen-bonding and tetrahedrality in Te, indicate that water-like anomalies may be a general phenomenon among liquid systems with competing bond- and density-ordering.
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18
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Singh S, Coleman AL, Zhang S, Coppari F, Gorman MG, Smith RF, Eggert JH, Briggs R, Fratanduono DE. Quantitative analysis of diffraction by liquids using a pink-spectrum X-ray source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1033-1042. [PMID: 35787571 PMCID: PMC9255578 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522004076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for performing quantitative structure-factor analysis and density measurements of liquids using X-ray diffraction with a pink-spectrum X-ray source is described. The methodology corrects for the pink beam effect by performing a Taylor series expansion of the diffraction signal. The mean density, background scale factor, peak X-ray energy about which the expansion is performed, and the cutoff radius for density measurement are estimated using the derivative-free optimization scheme. The formalism is demonstrated for a simulated radial distribution function for tin. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to experimental data on shock compressed tin recorded at the Dynamic Compression Sector at the Advanced Photon Source, with derived densities comparing favorably with other experimental results and the equations of state of tin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saransh Singh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Amy L. Coleman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Federica Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Martin G. Gorman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Raymond F. Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Jon H. Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Richard Briggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Dayne E. Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
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19
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Demmel F, Jimenez-Ruiz M. Collective dynamics of liquid sulfur scrutinized over three decades in frequency. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:014606. [PMID: 35974639 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.014606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid sulfur consists mainly of eight-membered rings and hence can be regarded as a model of a molecular liquid. A liquid, which is built from different molecular structures, will demonstrate a wide range in relaxation processes and excitation modes. Three inelastic neutron scattering experiments have been performed to study the collective dynamics of liquid sulfur over three decades in frequencies. A wide range of wave vectors was studied to reveal the response of density fluctuations over different lengthscales. A viscoelastic model with a two-times memory function was applied to the data. The analysis revealed a slow relaxation mode, an acoustic-type excitation, and a high-frequency mode, which resembles an optic-type excitation. The wave-vector dependence of the slow relaxation mode width exhibits the signs of a de Gennes narrowing around the wave vector where the structure factor has a shoulder. This slow relaxation process could be related to diffusive particle movements. The acoustic-type modes evidence a viscoelastic reaction with a 50% enhancement of the sound velocity. This enhancement of the sound velocity and the spectral line shape is qualitatively similar to spectra of molecular liquids. The two relaxation times of the memory function are separated by about two orders of magnitude and underpin the need for a wide frequency range investigation of this complex liquid. The high-frequency response can be interpreted as optic-type modes in the liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Demmel
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Jimenez-Ruiz
- ILL, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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20
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Shumovskyi NA, Longo TJ, Buldyrev SV, Anisimov MA. Modeling fluid polyamorphism through a maximum-valence approach. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:015305. [PMID: 35974620 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.015305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We suggest a simple model to describe polyamorphism in single-component fluids using a maximum-valence approach. The model contains three types of interactions: (i) Atoms attract each other by van der Waals forces that generate a liquid-gas transition at low pressures, (ii) atoms may form covalent bonds that induce association, and (iii) atoms with maximal valence attract or repel each other stronger than other atoms, thus generating liquid-liquid separation. As an example, we qualitatively compare this model with the behavior of liquid sulfur and show that condition (iii) generates a liquid-liquid phase transition in addition to the liquid-gas phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J Longo
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Sergey V Buldyrev
- Department of Physics, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10033, USA and Department of Physics, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Mikhail A Anisimov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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21
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Weis J, Sciortino F, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Debenedetti PG. Liquid-Liquid Criticality in the WAIL Water Model. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:024502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0099520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that the anomalous behavior of liquid water is related to the existence of a second critical point in deeply supercooled states has long been the subject of intense debate. Recent, sophisticated experiments designed to observe the transformation between the two subcritical liquids on nano- and microsecond time scales, along with demanding numerical simulations based on classical (rigid) models parametrized to reproduce thermodynamic properties of water, have provided support to this hypothesis. A stronger numerical proof requires demonstrating that the critical point, which occurs at temperatures and pressures far from those at which the models were optimized, is robust with respect to model parameterization, specifically with respect to incorporating additional physical effects. Here we show that a liquid-liquid critical point can be rigorously located also in the WAIL model of water [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 014510 (2012)], a model parameterized using ab-initio calculations only. The model incorporates two features not present in many previously-studied water models: it is both flexible and polarizable, properties which can significantly influence the phase behavior of water. The observation of the critical point in a model in which the water-water interaction is estimated using only quantum ab-initio calculations provides strong support to the viewpoint according to which the existence of two distinct liquids is a robust feature in the free energy landscape of supercooled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Weis
- Princeton University, United States of America
| | | | | | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, United States of America
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22
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Eltareb A, Lopez GE, Giovambattista N. Nuclear quantum effects on the dynamics and glass behavior of a monatomic liquid with two liquid states. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:204502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0087680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We perform path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) simulations of a monatomic liquid that exhibits a liquid–liquid phase transition and liquid–liquid critical point. PIMD simulations are performed using different values of Planck’s constant h, allowing us to study the behavior of the liquid as nuclear quantum effects (NQE, i.e., atoms delocalization) are introduced, from the classical liquid ( h = 0) to increasingly quantum liquids ( h > 0). By combining the PIMD simulations with the ring-polymer molecular dynamics method, we also explore the dynamics of the classical and quantum liquids. We find that (i) the glass transition temperature of the low-density liquid (LDL) is anomalous, i.e., [Formula: see text] decreases upon compression. Instead, (ii) the glass transition temperature of the high-density liquid (HDL) is normal, i.e., [Formula: see text] increases upon compression. (iii) NQE shift both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] toward lower temperatures, but NQE are more pronounced on HDL. We also study the glass behavior of the ring-polymer systems associated with the quantum liquids studied (via the path-integral formulation of statistical mechanics). There are two glass states in all the systems studied, low-density amorphous ice (LDA) and high-density amorphous ice (HDA), which are the glass counterparts of LDL and HDL. In all cases, the pressure-induced LDA–HDA transformation is sharp, reminiscent of a first-order phase transition. In the low-quantum regime, the LDA–HDA transformation is reversible, with identical LDA forms before compression and after decompression. However, in the high-quantum regime, the atoms become more delocalized in the final LDA than in the initial LDA, raising questions on the reversibility of the LDA–HDA transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eltareb
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
- PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Gustavo E. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Nicolas Giovambattista
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
- PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
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23
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Niinomi H, Kouch A, Hama T, Nada H, Yamazaki T, Kimura Y. Low- and High-Density Unknown Waters at Ice-Water Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4251-4256. [PMID: 35543729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Experimental confirmation of liquid polymorphs of water, high-density liquid (HDL) and low-density liquid (LDL), is desired for understanding not only the liquid state of matter but also the origin of the mysterious properties of water. However, this remains challenging because the liquid-liquid critical point of water lies in experimentally inaccessible supercooling conditions known as "no man's land". Here, we show by in situ optical microscopy that droplets and layers of low- and high-density unknown waters (LDUW and HDUW) appear macroscopically depending upon ice polymorphs at non-equilibrium interfaces between water and ices under experimentally accessible (de)pressurization conditions. These unknown waters were found to have characteristic velocities (about 20 and 100 m/s for LDUW and HDUW, respectively) different from water (about 40 m/s) and quasi-liquid layers (QLLs) (about 2 and 0.2 m/s for droplet and layer forms of QLLs, respectively). Our discoveries provide insight on liquid polymorphism of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Niinomi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Kouch
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hama
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamazaki
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
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24
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Chen L, Shi K, Su L, Wang S, Yang G. Are photo-induced crystalline sulfur and S-II equivalent under high pressure? J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Longo TJ, Anisimov MA. Phase transitions affected by natural and forceful molecular interconversion. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:084502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
If a binary liquid mixture, composed of two alternative species with equal amounts, is quenched from a high temperature to a low temperature, below the critical point of demixing, then the mixture will phase separate through a process known as spinodal decomposition. However, if the two alternative species are allowed to interconvert, either naturally (e.g., the equilibrium interconversion of enantiomers) or forcefully (e.g., via an external source of energy or matter), then the process of phase separation may drastically change. In this case, depending on the nature of interconversion, two phenomena could be observed: either phase amplification, the growth of one phase at the expense of another stable phase, or microphase separation, the formation of nongrowing (steady-state) microphase domains. In this work, we phenomenologically generalize the Cahn–Hilliard theory of spinodal decomposition to include the molecular interconversion of species and describe the physical properties of systems undergoing either phase amplification or microphase separation. We apply the developed phenomenology to accurately describe the simulation results of three atomistic models that demonstrate phase amplification and/or microphase separation. We also discuss the application of our approach to phase transitions in polyamorphic liquids. Finally, we describe the effects of fluctuations of the order parameter in the critical region on phase amplification and microphase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Longo
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Mikhail A. Anisimov
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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26
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Sun K, Tan D, Fang X, Xia X, Lin D, Song J, Lin Y, Liu Z, Gu M, Yue Y, Qiu J. Three-dimensional direct lithography of stable perovskite nanocrystals in glass. Science 2022; 375:307-310. [PMID: 35050658 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Material composition engineering and device fabrication of perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) in solution can introduce organic contamination and entail several synthetic, processing, and stabilization steps. We report three-dimensional (3D) direct lithography of PNCs with tunable composition and bandgap in glass. The halide ion distribution was controlled at the nanoscale with ultrafast laser-induced liquid nanophase separation. The PNCs exhibit notable stability against ultraviolet irradiation, organic solution, and high temperatures (up to 250°C). Printed 3D structures in glass were used for optical storage, micro-light emitting diodes, and holographic displays. The proposed mechanisms of both PNC formation and composition tunability were verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xinyuan Fang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dajun Lin
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yonghong Lin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Gu
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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27
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Terban MW, Billinge SJL. Structural Analysis of Molecular Materials Using the Pair Distribution Function. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1208-1272. [PMID: 34788012 PMCID: PMC8759070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This is a review of atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis as applied to the study of molecular materials. The PDF method is a powerful approach to study short- and intermediate-range order in materials on the nanoscale. It may be obtained from total scattering measurements using X-rays, neutrons, or electrons, and it provides structural details when defects, disorder, or structural ambiguities obscure their elucidation directly in reciprocal space. While its uses in the study of inorganic crystals, glasses, and nanomaterials have been recently highlighted, significant progress has also been made in its application to molecular materials such as carbons, pharmaceuticals, polymers, liquids, coordination compounds, composites, and more. Here, an overview of applications toward a wide variety of molecular compounds (organic and inorganic) and systems with molecular components is presented. We then present pedagogical descriptions and tips for further implementation. Successful utilization of the method requires an interdisciplinary consolidation of material preparation, high quality scattering experimentation, data processing, model formulation, and attentive scrutiny of the results. It is hoped that this article will provide a useful reference to practitioners for PDF applications in a wide realm of molecular sciences, and help new practitioners to get started with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W. Terban
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon J. L. Billinge
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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28
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Caupin F, Anisimov MA. Minimal Microscopic Model for Liquid Polyamorphism and Waterlike Anomalies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:185701. [PMID: 34767396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.185701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid polyamorphism is the intriguing possibility for a single component substance to exist in multiple liquid phases. We propose a minimal model for this phenomenon. Starting with a binary lattice model with critical azeotropy and liquid-liquid demixing, we allow interconversion of the two species, turning the system into a single-component fluid with two states differing in energy and entropy. Unveiling the phase diagram of the noninterconverting binary mixture gives unprecedented insight on the phase behaviors accessible to the interconverting fluid, such as a liquid-liquid transition with a critical point, or a singularity-free scenario, exhibiting thermodynamic anomalies without polyamorphism. The model provides a unified theoretical framework to describe supercooled water and a variety of polyamorphic liquids with waterlike anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Caupin
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mikhail A Anisimov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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29
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Drewitt JWE. Liquid structure under extreme conditions: high-pressure x-ray diffraction studies. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:503004. [PMID: 34544063 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Under extreme conditions of high pressure and temperature, liquids can undergo substantial structural transformations as their atoms rearrange to minimise energy within a more confined volume. Understanding the structural response of liquids under extreme conditions is important across a variety of disciplines, from fundamental physics and exotic chemistry to materials and planetary science.In situexperiments and atomistic simulations can provide crucial insight into the nature of liquid-liquid phase transitions and the complex phase diagrams and melting relations of high-pressure materials. Structural changes in natural magmas at the high-pressures experienced in deep planetary interiors can have a profound impact on their physical properties, knowledge of which is important to inform geochemical models of magmatic processes. Generating the extreme conditions required to melt samples at high-pressure, whilst simultaneously measuring their liquid structure, is a considerable challenge. The measurement, analysis, and interpretation of structural data is further complicated by the inherent disordered nature of liquids at the atomic-scale. However, recent advances in high-pressure technology mean that liquid diffraction measurements are becoming more routinely feasible at synchrotron facilities around the world. This topical review examines methods for high pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction of liquids and the wide variety of systems which have been studied by them, from simple liquid metals and their remarkable complex behaviour at high-pressure, to molecular-polymeric liquid-liquid transitions in pnicogen and chalcogen liquids, and density-driven structural transformations in water and silicate melts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W E Drewitt
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, H H Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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30
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Gußmann F, Hansen-Goos H, Dietrich S, Roth R. Liquid-liquid phase separation in an inhomogeneous ternary colloid-polymer mixture. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224504. [PMID: 34241228 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspended colloids are often considered as models for molecules, which are sufficiently big so that they can be observed directly in (light) microscopes and for which the effective interaction among each other can be tailored. The Asakura-Oosawa model of ideal colloid-polymer mixtures captures the idea of tuning the interaction between the colloids via a potential, which possesses a range set by the size of the polymers and an attractive strength characterized by the (reservoir) number density of the polymers, which plays the role of an inverse temperature. The celebrated Asakura-Oosawa depletion potential allows one to recreate the bulk phase diagram of a simple fluid by employing a colloid-polymer mixture. This has been verified in theory, by computer simulations, and via experiments. Here, we study the phase behavior of a confined colloid-polymer mixture with two polymer species. The sizes and densities are chosen such that the resulting bulk phase diagram exhibits a second stable critical point within the framework of the classical density functional theory. Our results suggest that a suitably tuned colloid-polymer mixture can be an interesting model system to study fluids with two critical points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gußmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Hansen-Goos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Dietrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland Roth
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Manifestations of metastable criticality in the long-range structure of model water glasses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3398. [PMID: 34099681 PMCID: PMC8185069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been devoted to water’s metastable phase behavior, including polyamorphism (multiple amorphous solid phases), and the hypothesized liquid-liquid transition and associated critical point. However, the possible relationship between these phenomena remains incompletely understood. Using molecular dynamics simulations of the realistic TIP4P/2005 model, we found a striking signature of the liquid-liquid critical point in the structure of water glasses, manifested as a pronounced increase in long-range density fluctuations at pressures proximate to the critical pressure. By contrast, these signatures were absent in glasses of two model systems that lack a critical point. We also characterized the departure from equilibrium upon vitrification via the non-equilibrium index; water-like systems exhibited a strong pressure dependence in this metric, whereas simple liquids did not. These results reflect a surprising relationship between the metastable equilibrium phenomenon of liquid-liquid criticality and the non-equilibrium structure of glassy water, with implications for our understanding of water phase behavior and glass physics. Our calculations suggest a possible experimental route to probing the existence of the liquid-liquid transition in water and other fluids. The subtle connections between water’s supercooled liquid and glassy states are difficult to characterize. Gartner et al. suggest with MD simulations that the long-range structure of glassy water may reflect signatures of water’s debated second critical point in the supercooled liquid.
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Heinen BJ, Drewitt JWE, Walter MJ, Clapham C, Qin F, Kleppe AK, Lord OT. Internal resistive heating of non-metallic samples to 3000 K and >60 GPa in the diamond anvil cell. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:063904. [PMID: 34243587 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High pressure-temperature experiments provide information on the phase diagrams and physical characteristics of matter at extreme conditions and offer a synthesis pathway for novel materials with useful properties. Experiments recreating the conditions of planetary interiors provide important constraints on the physical properties of constituent phases and are key to developing models of planetary processes and interpreting geophysical observations. The laser-heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) is currently the only technique capable of routinely accessing the Earth's lower-mantle geotherm for experiments on non-metallic samples, but large temperature uncertainties and poor temperature stability limit the accuracy of measured data and prohibits analyses requiring long acquisition times. We have developed a novel internal resistive heating (IRH) technique for the DAC and demonstrate stable heating of non-metallic samples up to 3000 K and 64 GPa, as confirmed by in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and simultaneous spectroradiometric temperature measurement. The temperature generated in our IRH-DAC can be precisely controlled and is extremely stable, with less than 20 K variation over several hours without any user intervention, resulting in temperature uncertainties an order of magnitude smaller than those in typical laser-heating experiments. Our IRH-DAC design, with its simple geometry, provides a new and highly accessible tool for investigating materials at extreme conditions. It is well suited for the rapid collection of high-resolution P-V-T data, precise demarcation of phase boundaries, and experiments requiring long acquisition times at high temperature. Our IRH technique is ideally placed to exploit the move toward coherent nano-focused x-ray beams at next-generation synchrotron sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict J Heinen
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS81RJ, United Kingdom
| | - James W E Drewitt
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS81RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Walter
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Charles Clapham
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS81RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Qin
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS81RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Annette K Kleppe
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX110DE, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver T Lord
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS81RJ, United Kingdom
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Cerantola V, Rosa AD, Konôpková Z, Torchio R, Brambrink E, Rack A, Zastrau U, Pascarelli S. New frontiers in extreme conditions science at synchrotrons and free electron lasers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:274003. [PMID: 33930892 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abfd50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotrons and free electron lasers are unique facilities to probe the atomic structure and electronic properties of matter at extreme thermodynamical conditions. In this context, 'matter at extreme pressures and temperatures' was one of the science drivers for the construction of low emittance 4th generation synchrotron sources such as the Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and hard x-ray free electron lasers, such as the European x-ray free electron laser. These new user facilities combine static high pressure and dynamic shock compression experiments to outstanding high brilliance and submicron beams. This combination not only increases the data-quality but also enlarges tremendously the accessible pressure, temperature and density space. At the same time, the large spectrum of available complementary x-ray diagnostics for static and shock compression studies opens unprecedented insights into the state of matter at extremes. The article aims at highlighting a new horizon of scientific opportunities based on the synergy between extremely brilliant synchrotrons and hard x-ray free electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Cerantola
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Zuzana Konôpková
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Raffaella Torchio
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Erik Brambrink
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Rack
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Ulf Zastrau
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Sakura Pascarelli
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
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Zhang H, Wang X, Yu HB, Douglas JF. Dynamic heterogeneity, cooperative motion, and Johari-Goldstein [Formula: see text]-relaxation in a metallic glass-forming material exhibiting a fragile-to-strong transition. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:56. [PMID: 33871722 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the Johari-Goldstein (JG) [Formula: see text]-relaxation process in a model metallic glass-forming (GF) material ([Formula: see text]), previously studied extensively by both frequency-dependent mechanical measurements and simulation studies devoted to equilibrium properties, by molecular dynamics simulations based on validated and optimized interatomic potentials with the primary aim of better understanding the nature of this universal relaxation process from a dynamic heterogeneity (DH) perspective. The present relatively low temperature and long-time simulations reveal a direct correspondence between the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation time [Formula: see text] and the lifetime of the mobile particle clusters [Formula: see text], defined as in previous DH studies, a relationship dual to the corresponding previously observed relationship between the [Formula: see text]-relaxation time [Formula: see text] and the lifetime of immobile particle clusters [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we find that the average diffusion coefficient D nearly coincides with [Formula: see text] of the smaller atomic species (Al) and that the 'hopping time' associated with D coincides with [Formula: see text] to within numerical uncertainty, both trends being in accord with experimental studies. This indicates that the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation is dominated by the smaller atomic species and the observation of a direct relation between this relaxation process and rate of molecular diffusion in GF materials at low temperatures where the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation becomes the prevalent mode of structural relaxation. As an unanticipated aspect of our study, we find that [Formula: see text] exhibits fragile-to-strong (FS) glass formation, as found in many other metallic GF liquids, but this fact does not greatly alter the geometrical nature of DH in this material and the relation of DH to dynamical properties. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of the DH and dynamical properties, such as the structural relaxation time, can be significantly altered from 'ordinary' GF liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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35
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Horstmann R, Vogel M. Relations between thermodynamics, structures, and dynamics for modified water models in their supercooled regimes. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:054502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0037080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Horstmann
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Vogel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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36
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Gußmann F, Dietrich S, Roth R. Toward a density-functional theory for the Jagla fluid. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:062112. [PMID: 33465984 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The so-called Jagla fluid is well known to exhibit, in addition to the usual gas-liquid critical point, also a liquid-liquid critical point, as well as a density anomaly. This makes it an interesting toy model for water, for which a liquid-liquid critical point is considered to exist but so far eludes experimental verification due to crystallization occurring in the corresponding metastable, deeply supercooled state. With the Jagla fluid being understood quite well in bulk-mostly via simulation studies-the focus of the present study is to describe the spatially inhomogeneous fluid in terms of classical density-functional theory (DFT) with the aim to be able to control its phase behavior on changing the shape or the nature of the confinement of the fluid. This information might contribute to guide potential experimental tests of the liquid-liquid critical point of actual water. We first determine the bulk phase diagram for the Jagla fluid by using thermodynamical perturbation theory. In doing so we explain why the perturbation theories of Barker and Henderson as well as of Weeks, Chandler, and Anderson fail to describe the Jagla fluid. We then continue to construct a perturbative DFT based on our bulk model, which shows significant improvement over the standard mean-field DFT valid at high temperatures. But ultimately the perturbative DFT breaks down at state points close to the binodal line and at low temperatures. This prevents us from achieving the original aim to study a highly confined, inhomogeneous Jagla fluid close to its liquid-liquid binodal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gußmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Dietrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- IV. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland Roth
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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