1
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Ling W, Chen B, Zhao Z, Chen K, Kang D, Dai J. The thermodynamic-pathway-determined microstructure evolution of copper under shock compression. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220210. [PMID: 37393942 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Shock-induced structural transformations in copper exhibit notable directional dependence and anisotropy, but the mechanisms that govern the responses of materials with different orientations are not yet well understood. In this study, we employ large-scale non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the propagation of a shock wave through monocrystal copper and analyse the structural transformation dynamics in detail. Our results indicate that anisotropic structural evolution is determined by the thermodynamic pathway. A shock along the [Formula: see text] orientation causes a rapid and instantaneous temperature spike, resulting in a solid-solid phase transition. Conversely, a liquid metastable state is observed along the [Formula: see text] orientation due to thermodynamic supercooling. Notably, melting still occurs during the [Formula: see text]-oriented shock, even if it falls below the supercooling line in the thermodynamic pathway. These results highlight the importance of considering anisotropy, the thermodynamic pathway and solid-state disordering when interpreting phase transitions induced by shock. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dynamic and transient processes in warm dense matter'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Ling
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengxiu Zhao
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiguo Chen
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Kang
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Dai
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhu Q, Shao J, Wang P. The Shock-Induced Deformation and Spallation Failure of Bicrystal Copper with a Nanoscale Helium Bubble via Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2308. [PMID: 37630893 PMCID: PMC10459278 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Both the nanoscale helium (He) bubble and grain boundaries (GBs) play important roles in the dynamic mechanical behavior of irradiated nanocrystalline materials. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the shock-induced deformation and spallation failure of bicrystal copper with a nanoscale He bubble. Two extreme loading directions (perpendicular or parallel to the GB plane) and various impact velocities (0.5-2.5 km/s) are considered. Our results reveal that the He bubble shows hindrance to the propagation of shock waves at lower impact velocities but will accelerate shock wave propagation at higher impact velocities due to the local compression wave generated by the collapse of the He bubble. The parallel loading direction is found to have a greater effect on He bubble deformation during shock compression. The He bubble will slightly reduce the spall strength of the material at lower impact velocities but has a limited effect on the spallation process, which is dominated by the evolution of the GB. At lower impact velocities, the mechanism of spall damage is dominated by the cleavage fracture along the GB plane for the perpendicular loading condition but dominated by the He bubble expansion and void growth for the parallel loading condition. At higher impact velocities, micro-spallation occurs for both loading conditions, and the effects of GBs and He bubbles can be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianli Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Explosion Protection and Emergency Disposal Technology Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Hari A, Hari R, Heighway PG, Smith RF, Duffy TS, Sims M, Singh S, Fratanduono DE, Bolme CA, Gleason AE, Coppari F, Lee HJ, Granados E, Heimann P, Eggert JH, Wicks JK. High pressure phase transition and strength estimate in polycrystalline alumina during laser-driven shock compression. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 35:094002. [PMID: 36575863 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alumina (Al2O3) is an important ceramic material notable for its compressive strength and hardness. It represents one of the major oxide components of the Earth's mantle. Static compression experiments have reported evidence for phase transformations from the trigonalα-corundum phase to the orthorhombic Rh2O3(II)-type structure at ∼90 GPa, and then to the post-perovskite structure at ∼130 GPa, but these phases have yet to be directly observed under shock compression. In this work, we describe laser-driven shock compression experiments on polycrystalline alumina conducted at the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation of the Linac Coherent Light Source. Ultrafast x-ray pulses (50 fs, 1012photons/pulse) were used to probe the atomic-level response at different times during shock propagation and subsequent pressure release. At 107 ± 8 GPa on the Hugoniot, we observe diffraction peaks that match the orthorhombic Rh2O3(II) phase with a density of 5.16 ± 0.03 g cm-3. Upon unloading, the material transforms back to theα-corundum structure. Upon release to ambient pressure, densities are lower than predicted assuming isentropic release, indicating additional lattice expansion due to plastic work heating. Using temperature values calculated from density measurements, we provide an estimate of alumina's strength on release from shock compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Hari
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Rohit Hari
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Patrick G Heighway
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
| | - Thomas S Duffy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States of America
| | - Melissa Sims
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Saransh Singh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
| | - Dayne E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Arianna E Gleason
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
| | - Federica Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
| | - Hae Ja Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Granados
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
| | - Philip Heimann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States of America
| | - Jon H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
| | - June K Wicks
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
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4
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Singh S, Coleman AL, Zhang S, Coppari F, Gorman MG, Smith RF, Eggert JH, Briggs R, Fratanduono DE. Quantitative analysis of diffraction by liquids using a pink-spectrum X-ray source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2022; 29:1033-1042. [PMID: 35787571 PMCID: PMC9255578 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522004076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for performing quantitative structure-factor analysis and density measurements of liquids using X-ray diffraction with a pink-spectrum X-ray source is described. The methodology corrects for the pink beam effect by performing a Taylor series expansion of the diffraction signal. The mean density, background scale factor, peak X-ray energy about which the expansion is performed, and the cutoff radius for density measurement are estimated using the derivative-free optimization scheme. The formalism is demonstrated for a simulated radial distribution function for tin. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to experimental data on shock compressed tin recorded at the Dynamic Compression Sector at the Advanced Photon Source, with derived densities comparing favorably with other experimental results and the equations of state of tin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saransh Singh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Amy L. Coleman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Federica Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Martin G. Gorman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Raymond F. Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Jon H. Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Richard Briggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
| | - Dayne E. Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Computational Engineering Division, Livermore, CA 94511, USA
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Edalatmanesh A, Mahnama M, Feghhi F, Mashhadi MM. Mechanical characterization of reinforced vertically-aligned carbon nanotube array synthesized by shock-induced partial phase transition: insight from molecular dynamics simulations. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:235401. [PMID: 35294943 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5e77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite intriguing mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), vertically-aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) array does not possess a high strength against compression along the CNT axis and also the loadings perpendicular to the CNT axis. Here in this study, shock compression is introduced as a means for partial phase transition (PPT) in the VACNT array to reinforce the structure against the mentioned loadings. Molecular dynamics simulations are exploited to investigate the synthesis of a novel nanostructure from a VACNT array with 10 nm long (5, 5) CNTs. Employing Hugoniostat method, shockwave pressures of 6.6 GPa and 55 GPa are extracted from Hugoniot curves as the instability limit and the PPT point, respectively. Coordination analysis reveals the nucleation of carbon atoms in sp3hybridization while preserving the dominant nature of CNT due to the high percent of sp2hybridization. Recovery of the shocked samples yields the final structure to be tested for mechanical characteristics. Tensile and compression tests on the samples reveal that for the shockwave pressures below the PPT point, an increase of the shock strength leads to higher compliance in the VACNT array. However, beyond the PPT point the novel nanostructure shows an extraordinary strong behavior against loading along all directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Edalatmanesh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahnama
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Feghhi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mosavi Mashhadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Tu J, Qiao L, Shan Y, Xin C, Liu J. Study on the Impact-Induced Energy Release Characteristics of Zr 68.5Cu 12Ni 12Al 7.5 Amorphous Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14061447. [PMID: 33809647 PMCID: PMC8002326 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a new kind of multifunctional energetic structural material (MESM), amorphous alloy will undergo a chemical reaction and release energy under impact load. In this paper, an analysis method for the impact-induced reaction parameters of solid materials was derived based on a three-term equation of state and Avrami-Erofeev equation. The relation between the degree of reaction, pressure, and temperature of Zr68.5Cu12Ni12Al7.5 amorphous alloy was obtained. The influence of participation of an oxidizing reaction on the material energy release efficiency was analyzed. The relation between the energy release efficiency and impact velocity was achieved by an experiment in which Zr68.5Cu12Ni12Al7.5 amorphous alloy fragments impact a steel plate. The variations of pressure and temperature during the impact process were obtained. In the end, a reaction kinetic model was modified, and the kinetic parameters for the impact-induced reaction of materials in an air environment were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100086, China;
- Department 2, Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle, Beijing 100076, China; (L.Q.); (C.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department 2, Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle, Beijing 100076, China; (L.Q.); (C.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Yu Shan
- Department 2, Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle, Beijing 100076, China; (L.Q.); (C.X.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chunliang Xin
- Department 2, Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle, Beijing 100076, China; (L.Q.); (C.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiayun Liu
- Department 2, Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle, Beijing 100076, China; (L.Q.); (C.X.); (J.L.)
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7
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Morard G, Hernandez JA, Guarguaglini M, Bolis R, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Vinci T, Fiquet G, Baron MA, Shim SH, Ko B, Gleason AE, Mao WL, Alonso-Mori R, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Galtier E, Sokaras D, Glenzer SH, Andrault D, Garbarino G, Mezouar M, Schuster AK, Ravasio A. In situ X-ray diffraction of silicate liquids and glasses under dynamic and static compression to megabar pressures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11981-6. [PMID: 32414927 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920470117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of liquid silicates under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions are critical for modeling the dynamics and solidification mechanisms of the magma ocean in the early Earth, as well as for constraining entrainment of melts in the mantle and in the present-day core-mantle boundary. Here we present in situ structural measurements by X-ray diffraction of selected amorphous silicates compressed statically in diamond anvil cells (up to 157 GPa at room temperature) or dynamically by laser-generated shock compression (up to 130 GPa and 6,000 K along the MgSiO3 glass Hugoniot). The X-ray diffraction patterns of silicate glasses and liquids reveal similar characteristics over a wide pressure and temperature range. Beyond the increase in Si coordination observed at 20 GPa, we find no evidence for major structural changes occurring in the silicate melts studied up to pressures and temperatures exceeding Earth's core mantle boundary conditions. This result is supported by molecular dynamics calculations. Our findings reinforce the widely used assumption that the silicate glasses studies are appropriate structural analogs for understanding the atomic arrangement of silicate liquids at these high pressures.
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8
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Takagi S, Ichiyanagi K, Kyono A, Nozawa S, Kawai N, Fukaya R, Funamori N, Adachi SI. Development of shock-dynamics study with synchrotron-based time-resolved X-ray diffraction using an Nd:glass laser system. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:371-377. [PMID: 32153275 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519016084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The combination of high-power laser and synchrotron X-ray pulses allows us to observe material responses under shock compression and release states at the crystal structure on a nanosecond time scale. A higher-power Nd:glass laser system for laser shock experiments was installed as a shock driving source at the NW14A beamline of PF-AR, KEK, Japan. It had a maximum pulse energy of 16 J, a pulse duration of 12 ns and a flat-top intensity profile on the target position. The shock-induced deformation dynamics of polycrystalline aluminium was investigated using synchrotron-based time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) under laser-induced shock. The shock pressure reached up to about 17 GPa with a strain rate of at least 4.6 × 107 s-1 and remained there for nanoseconds. The plastic deformation caused by the shock-wave loading led to crystallite fragmentation. The preferred orientation of the polycrystalline aluminium remained essentially unchanged during the shock compression and release processes in this strain rate. The newly established time-resolved XRD experimental system can provide useful information for understanding the complex dynamic compression and release behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Takagi
- Division of Earth Evolution Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ichiyanagi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kyono
- Division of Earth Evolution Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kawai
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukaya
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Funamori
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shin Ichi Adachi
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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9
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Dattelbaum DM, Coe JD. Shock-Driven Decomposition of Polymers and Polymeric Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030493. [PMID: 30960477 PMCID: PMC6473598 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers and foams are pervasive in everyday life, as well as in specialized contexts such as space exploration, industry, and defense. They are frequently subject to shock loading in the latter cases, and will chemically decompose to small molecule gases and carbon (soot) under loads of sufficient strength. We review a body of work-most of it performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory-on polymers and foams under extreme conditions. To provide some context, we begin with a brief review of basic concepts in shockwave physics, including features particular to transitions (chemical reaction or phase transition) entailing an abrupt reduction in volume. We then discuss chemical formulations and synthesis, as well as experimental platforms used to interrogate polymers under shock loading. A high-level summary of equations of state for polymers and their decomposition products is provided, and their application illustrated. We then present results including temperatures and product compositions, thresholds for reaction, wave profiles, and some peculiarities of traditional modeling approaches. We close with some thoughts regarding future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Dattelbaum
- Explosives Science and Shock Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Joshua D Coe
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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10
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Zhang YY, Tang MX, Cai Y, E JC, Luo SN. Deducing density and strength of nanocrystalline Ta and diamond under extreme conditions from X-ray diffraction. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:413-421. [PMID: 30855250 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518017216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In situ X-ray diffraction with advanced X-ray sources offers unique opportunities for investigating materials properties under extreme conditions such as shock-wave loading. Here, Singh's theory for deducing high-pressure density and strength from two-dimensional (2D) diffraction patterns is rigorously examined with large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of isothermal compression and shock-wave compression. Two representative solids are explored: nanocrystalline Ta and diamond. Analysis of simulated 2D X-ray diffraction patterns is compared against direct molecular dynamics simulation results. Singh's method is highly accurate for density measurement (within 1%) and reasonable for strength measurement (within 10%), and can be used for such measurements on nanocrystalline and polycrystalline solids under extreme conditions (e.g. in the megabar regime).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Zhang
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - M X Tang
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Cai
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - J C E
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - S N Luo
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People's Republic of China
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11
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Briggs R, Torchio R, Sollier A, Occelli F, Videau L, Kretzschmar N, Wulff M. Observation of the shock-induced β-Sn to b.c.t.-Sn transition using time-resolved X-ray diffraction. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:96-101. [PMID: 30655473 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518015059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurements have been carried out on dynamically compressed Sn up to a maximum pressure of ∼13 GPa at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The phase transition from β-Sn to body-centered tetragonal (b.c.t.) Sn has been observed using synchrotron X-ray diffraction for the first time undergoing shock compression and release. Following maximum compression, the sample releases to lower pressures for several nanoseconds until the reverse transition occurs. The data are in good agreement with previous shock boundaries that indicate that the β-Sn phase is stable ∼2 GPa higher than the static boundary upon compression and the b.c.t.-Sn phase is stable ∼1 GPa lower upon release. The transition to the high-pressure phase reveals a loss of texture in the X-ray diffraction data from the `quasi' single-crystal β-Sn structure to a more powder-like Debye-Scherrer ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Briggs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - R Torchio
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - A Sollier
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - F Occelli
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - L Videau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - N Kretzschmar
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - M Wulff
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
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12
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Zhang QB, Braithwaite CH, Zhao J. Hugoniot equation of state of rock materials under shock compression. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 375:rsta.2016.0169. [PMID: 27956506 PMCID: PMC5179968 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two sets of shock compression tests (i.e. conventional and reverse impact) were conducted to determine the shock response of two rock materials using a plate impact facility. Embedded manganin stress gauges were used for the measurements of longitudinal stress and shock velocity. Photon Doppler velocimetry was used to capture the free surface velocity of the target. Experimental data were obtained on a fine-grained marble and a coarse-grained gabbro over a shock pressure range of approximately 1.5-12 GPa. Gabbro exhibited a linear Hugoniot equation of state (EOS) in the pressure-particle velocity (P-up) plane, while for marble a nonlinear response was observed. The EOS relations between shock velocity (US) and particle velocity (up) are linearly fitted as US = 2.62 + 3.319up and US = 5.4 85 + 1.038up for marble and gabbro, respectively.This article is part of the themed issue 'Experimental testing and modelling of brittle materials at high strain rates'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q B Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - C H Braithwaite
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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13
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Rutherford ME, Chapman DJ, White TG, Drakopoulos M, Rack A, Eakins DE. Evaluating scintillator performance in time-resolved hard X-ray studies at synchrotron light sources. J Synchrotron Radiat 2016; 23:685-93. [PMID: 27140147 PMCID: PMC4853870 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516002770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The short pulse duration, small effective source size and high flux of synchrotron radiation is ideally suited for probing a wide range of transient deformation processes in materials under extreme conditions. In this paper, the challenges of high-resolution time-resolved indirect X-ray detection are reviewed in the context of dynamic synchrotron experiments. In particular, the discussion is targeted at two-dimensional integrating detector methods, such as those focused on dynamic radiography and diffraction experiments. The response of a scintillator to periodic synchrotron X-ray excitation is modelled and validated against experimental data collected at the Diamond Light Source (DLS) and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). An upper bound on the dynamic range accessible in a time-resolved experiment for a given bunch separation is calculated for a range of scintillators. New bunch structures are suggested for DLS and ESRF using the highest-performing commercially available crystal LYSO:Ce, allowing time-resolved experiments with an interframe time of 189 ns and a maximum dynamic range of 98 (6.6 bits).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Rutherford
- Institute of Shock Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J. Chapman
- Institute of Shock Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas G. White
- Institute of Shock Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Drakopoulos
- Diamond Light Source, I12 Joint Engineering, Environmental, Processing (JEEP) Beamline, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Alexander Rack
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel E. Eakins
- Institute of Shock Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
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