1
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Chakraborty D, Pradhan S, Clegg JK, Mukherjee PS. Mechanically Interlocked Water-Soluble Pd 6 Host for the Selective Separation of Coal Tar-Based Planar Aromatic Molecules. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14924-14932. [PMID: 39129449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Research on the synthesis of catenated cages has been a growing field of interest in the past few years. While multiple types of catenated cages with different structures have been synthesized, the application of such systems has been much less explored. Specifically, the use of catenated cages in the separation of industrially relevant molecules that are present in coal tar has not been explored before. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a newly synthesized interlocked cage 1 [C184H240N76O48Pd6] (M6L4), formed through the self-assembly of ligand L.HNO3 (tris(4-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)benzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbohydrazonhydrazide) with acceptor cis-[(tmchda)Pd(NO3)2] [tmchda = ±N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine] (M). The interlocked cage 1 was able to separate the isomers (anthracene and phenanthrene) using a simple solvent extraction technique. Using the same technique, the much more difficult separation of structurally and physiochemically similar compounds acenaphthene and acenaphthylene was performed for the first time with 1 as the host. Other noninterlocked hexanuclear Pd6 cages having a wider cavity proved inefficient for such separation, demonstrating the uniqueness of the interlocked cage 1 for such challenging separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debsena Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sailendra Pradhan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jack Kay Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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2
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Zhong J, Sun Z, Zhang L, Whitehead GFS, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Leigh DA. Folding a Molecular Strand into a Trefoil Knot of Single Handedness with Co(II)/Co(III) Chaperones. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21762-21768. [PMID: 39060953 PMCID: PMC11311214 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a right-handed (Δ-stereochemistry of strand crossings) trefoil knot from a single molecular strand containing three pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxamide units adjacent to point-chiral centers and six pyridine moieties. The oligomeric ligand strand folds into an overhand (open-trefoil) knot through the assistance of coordinatively dynamic Co(II) "chaperones" that drive the formation of a three-metal-ion circular helicate. The entangled structure is kinetically locked by oxidation to Co(III) and covalently captured by ring-closing olefin metathesis to generate a trefoil knot of single topological handedness. The stereochemistry of the strand crossings in the metal-coordinated overhand knot is governed by the stereochemistry of the point-chiral carbon centers in the ligand strand. The overhand and trefoil knots were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. Removal of the metal ions from the knot, followed by hydrogenation of the alkene, yielded the wholly organic trefoil knot. The metal-free knot and parent ligand were investigated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The CD spectra indicate that the topological stereochemistry of the knot has a greater effect on the asymmetry of the chromophore environment than do the point-chiral centers of the strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Zhong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Zhanhu Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - David A. Leigh
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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3
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Zhang M, Nixon R, Schaufelberger F, Pirvu L, De Bo G, Leigh DA. Mechanical scission of a knotted polymer. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1366-1372. [PMID: 38649468 PMCID: PMC11321991 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Molecular knots and entanglements form randomly and spontaneously in both biological and synthetic polymer chains. It is known that macroscopic materials, such as ropes, are substantially weakened by the presence of knots, but until now it has been unclear whether similar behaviour occurs on a molecular level. Here we show that the presence of a well-defined overhand knot in a polymer chain substantially increases the rate of scission of the polymer under tension (≥2.6× faster) in solution, because deformation of the polymer backbone induced by the tightening knot activates otherwise unreactive covalent bonds. The fragments formed upon severing of the knotted chain differ from those that arise from cleavage of a similar, but unknotted, polymer. Our solution studies provide experimental evidence that knotting can contribute to higher mechanical scission rates of polymers. It also demonstrates that entanglement design can be used to generate mechanophores that are among the most reactive described to date, providing opportunities to increase the reactivity of otherwise inert functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Lucian Pirvu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Guillaume De Bo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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4
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Podh MB, Ratha R, Purohit CS. Template Assisted Synthesis of Linear [5]Catenane by Post-Functionalization of Templated [2]Catenane and Using Click Reaction. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400351. [PMID: 38700467 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymers with all mechanically interlocked rings, such as linear [n]catenanes, have great potential as functional materials due to possible higher degrees of freedom that may contribute to their flexibility but remain elusive. All the synthetic methods used to prepare such a polymer yield mixtures of products. In the absence of higher molecular weight linear [n]catenanes, emphasis on synthesizing low molecular weight oligomers is being pursued. Here, we have described the synthesis of a linear [5]catenane by post-functionalizing a Co(III) templated [2]catenane having a pyridine-diamide unit free for further metal ion coordination. Two molecules were synthesized with suitable threading groups: one, two terminal azide groups, and two, with two terminal alkyne groups to form two [3]pseudorotaxane utilizing Co(III) coordination. These units were then joined, forming a macrocycle, using click reaction, giving the desired metalated linear [5]catenane in 40 % yield. Removal of metal ions leads to linear [5]catenane. In addition, the formation of linear [3] and [2]catenane are also observed. All synthesized structures have been isolated by column chromatographic technique and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Bhanjan Podh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-, 752050
- Mana Bhanjan Podh, Radhakrishna Ratha, Chandra Shekhar Purohit, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, Mumbai, India-, 400094
| | - Radhakrishna Ratha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-, 752050
- Mana Bhanjan Podh, Radhakrishna Ratha, Chandra Shekhar Purohit, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, Mumbai, India-, 400094
| | - Chandra Shekhar Purohit
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-, 752050
- Mana Bhanjan Podh, Radhakrishna Ratha, Chandra Shekhar Purohit, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, Mumbai, India-, 400094
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5
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Dey S, Aggarwal M, Chakraborty D, Mukherjee PS. Uncovering tetrazoles as building blocks for constructing discrete and polymeric assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5573-5585. [PMID: 38738480 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01616e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic self-assembly with flexible moieties is a budding field of research due to the possibility of the formation of unique architectures. Tetrazole, characterised by four nitrogen atoms in a five-member ring, exhibits immense potential as a component. Tetrazole offers four coordination sites for binding to the metal centre with nine distinct binding modes, leading to various assemblies. This review highlights different polymeric and discrete tetrazole-based assemblies and their functions. The meticulous manipulation of stoichiometry, ligands, and metal ions required for constructing discrete assemblies has also been discussed. The different applications of these architectures in separation, catalysis and detection have also been accentuated. The latter section of the review consolidates tetrazole-based cage composites, highlighting their applications in cell imaging and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Dey
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Medha Aggarwal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Debsena Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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6
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Podh MB, Ratha R, Purohit CS. Template Assisted One-Pot Synthesis of [2], Linear [3], and Radial [4]Catenane via Click Reaction. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400031. [PMID: 38372572 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of higher order catenane are unexpectedly complex and involve precise cooperation among the precursors overcoming competing and opposing interactions. We achieved synthesis of [2], linear [3], radial [4] in a one-pot reaction by consecutive ring closing through click reactions. This synthesis gave three isolable products due to two, four, and six-click reactions between suitable coupling partners. Yields of the isolate templated-catenane decrease from lower to higher-ordered catenane (40 %, 12 %, and 4 %), probably due to the bite angle as well as the flexibility of the reacting partners. Removal of templating cobalt(III) ion leads to the formation of fully organic [2], linear [3], and radial [4]catenane. These synthesized catenanes were purified by column chromatography and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS spectroscopy. The synthesized catenanes have free binding sites suitable for post-functionalization and may be used for the synthesis of higher-ordered catenane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Bhanjan Podh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India -, 752050
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India -, 400094
| | - Radhakrishna Ratha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India -, 752050
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India -, 400094
| | - Chandra Shekhar Purohit
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India -, 752050
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India -, 400094
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7
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Liu K, Zhang X, Zhao D, Bai R, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Yu W, Yan X. Stretchable poly[2]rotaxane elastomers. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:300-306. [PMID: 38933516 PMCID: PMC11197719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked polymers (MIPs) are promising candidates for the construction of elastomeric materials with desirable mechanical performance on account of their abilities to undergo inherent rotational and translational mechanical movements at the molecular level. However, the investigations on their mechanical properties are lagging far behind their structural fabrication, especially for linear polyrotaxanes in bulk. Herein, we report stretchable poly[2]rotaxane elastomers (PREs) which integrate numerous mechanical bonds in the polymeric backbone to boost macroscopic mechanical properties. Specifically, we have synthesized a hydroxy-functionalized [2]rotaxane that subsequently participates in the condensation polymerization with diisocyanate to form PREs. Benefitting from the peculiar structural and dynamic characteristics of the poly[2]rotaxane, the representative PRE exhibits favorable mechanical performance in terms of stretchability (∼1200%), Young's modulus (24.6 MPa), and toughness (49.5 MJ/m3). Moreover, we present our poly[2]rotaxanes as model systems to understand the relationship between mechanical bonds and macroscopic mechanical properties. It is concluded that the mechanical properties of our PREs are mainly determined by the unique topological architectures which possess a consecutive energy dissipation pathway including the dissociation of host-guest interaction and consequential sliding motion of the wheel along the axle in the [2]rotaxane motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinhai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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Sarwa A, Białońska A, Sobieraj M, Martínez JP, Trzaskowski B, Szyszko B. Iminopyrrole-Based Self-Assembly: A Route to Intrinsically Flexible Molecular Links and Knots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316489. [PMID: 38032333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of 2,5-diformylpyrrole in self-assembly reactions with diamines and Zn(II)/Cd(II) salts allowed the preparation of [2]catenane, trefoil knot, and Borromean rings. The intrinsically dynamic nature of the diiminopyrrole motif rendered all of the formed assemblies intramolecularly flexible. The presence of diiminopyrrole revealed new coordination motifs and influenced the host-guest chemistry of the systems, as illustrated by hexafluorophosphate encapsulation by Borromean rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sarwa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-387, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Białońska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-387, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Sobieraj
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-387, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Juan Pablo Martínez
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 2c Banach St., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 2c Banach St., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szyszko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-387, Wrocław, Poland
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9
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Li Z, Zhang J, Li G, Puddephatt RJ. Self-assembly of the smallest and tightest molecular trefoil knot. Nat Commun 2024; 15:154. [PMID: 38168068 PMCID: PMC10762025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular knots, whose synthesis presents many challenges, can play important roles in protein structure and function as well as in useful molecular materials, whose properties depend on the size of the knotted structure. Here we report the synthesis by self-assembly of molecular trefoil metallaknot with formula [Au6{1,2-C6H4(OCH2CC)2}3{Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2}3], Au6, from three units of each of the components 1,2-C6H4(OCH2CCAu)2 and Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2. Structure determination by X-ray diffraction revealed that the chiral trefoil knot contains only 54 atoms in the backbone, so that Au6 is the smallest and tightest molecular trefoil knot known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Richard J Puddephatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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10
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Baby Sainaba A, Venkateswarulu M, Bhandari P, Clegg JK, Sarathi Mukherjee P. Self-Assembly of an [M 8 L2 4 ] 16+ Intertwined Cube and a Giant [M 12 L1 6 ] 24+ Orthobicupola. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315572. [PMID: 37985377 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Through coordination-driven self-assembly, aesthetically captivating structures can be formed by tuning the length or flexibility of various components. The self-assembly of an elongated rigid terphenyl-based tetra-pyridyl ligand (L1) with a cis-Pd(II) acceptor produces an [M12 L16 ]24+ triangular orthobicupola structure (1). When flexibility is introduced into the ligand by the incorporation of a -CH2 - group between the dipyridylamine and terphenyl rings in the ligand (L2), anunique [M8 L24 ]16+ water-soluble 'intertwined cubic structure' (2) results. The inherent flexibility of ligand L2 might be the key factor behind the formation of the thermodynamically stable and 'intertwined cubic structure' in this scenario. This research showcases the ability to design and fabricate novel, topologically distinctive molecular structures by a straightforward and efficient approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arppitha Baby Sainaba
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mangili Venkateswarulu
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Pallab Bhandari
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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11
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Lu X, Huang JJ, Chen T, Zheng J, Liu M, Wang XY, Li YX, Niu X, Dang LL. A Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly and NIR Photothermal Conversion Study of Organometallic Handcuffs. Molecules 2023; 28:6826. [PMID: 37836669 PMCID: PMC10574444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their fascinating topological structures and application prospects, coordination supramolecular complexes have continuously been studied by scientists. However, the controlled construction and property study of organometallic handcuffs remains a significant and challenging research subject in the area of supramolecular chemistry. Hence, a series of tetranuclear organometallic and heterometallic handcuffs bearing different size and metal types were rationally designed and successfully synthesized by utilizing a quadridentate pyridyl ligand (tetra-(3-pyridylphenyl)ethylene) based on three Cp*Rh (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) fragments bearing specific longitudinal dimensions and conjugated planes. These results were determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis technology, ESI-MS NMR spectroscopy, etc. Importantly, the photoquenching effect of Cp* groups and the discrepancy of intermolecular π-π stacking interactions between building block and half-sandwich fragments promote markedly different photothermal conversion results. These results will further push the synthesis of topological structures and the development of photothermal conversion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Tian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xinkai Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
- College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Li-Long Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
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12
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Wang J, Lu T, Li Y, Wang J, Spruijt E. Aqueous coordination polymer complexes: From colloidal assemblies to bulk materials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102964. [PMID: 37515864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
1-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers refer to the macromolecules that have metal ions incorporated in their pendent groups or main chain through metal-binding ligand groups. They have intrinsic advantages over traditional polymers to regulate the polymer structures and functions owing to the nature of the metal-ligand bond. Consequently, they have great potential for the development of smart and functional structures and materials and therapeutic agents. Water-soluble 1D coordination polymers and assemblies are an important subtype of coordination polymers with distinctive interests for demanding applications in aqueous systems, such as biological and medical applications. This review highlights the recent progress and research achievements in the design and use of water-soluble 1D coordination polymers and assemblies. The overview covers the design and structure control of 1D coordination polymers, their colloidal assemblies, including nanoparticles, nanofibers, micelles and vesicles, and fabricated bulk materials such as membraneless liquid condensates, security ink, hydrogel actuators, and smart fabrics. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of several of these coordination polymeric structures and materials and give an outlook on the field of aqueous coordination polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tiemei Lu
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Evan Spruijt
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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13
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Wang J, Liang D, Ma J, Fan Y, Ma J, Jafri HM, Yang H, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Guo C, Dong S, Liu D, Wang X, Hong J, Zhang N, Gu L, Yi D, Zhang J, Lin Y, Chen LQ, Huang H, Nan CW. Polar Solomon rings in ferroelectric nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3941. [PMID: 37402744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solomon rings, upholding the symbol of wisdom with profound historical roots, were widely used as decorations in ancient architecture and clothing. However, it was only recently discovered that such topological structures can be formed by self-organization in biological/chemical molecules, liquid crystals, etc. Here, we report the observation of polar Solomon rings in a ferroelectric nanocrystal, which consist of two intertwined vortices and are mathematically equivalent to a [Formula: see text] link in topology. By combining piezoresponse force microscopy observations and phase-field simulations, we demonstrate the reversible switching between polar Solomon rings and vertex textures by an electric field. The two types of topological polar textures exhibit distinct absorption of terahertz infrared waves, which can be exploited in infrared displays with a nanoscale resolution. Our study establishes, both experimentally and computationally, the existence and electrical manipulation of polar Solomon rings, a new form of topological polar structures that may provide a simple way for fast, robust, and high-resolution optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Deshan Liang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650093, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hasnain Mehdi Jafri
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Guo
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Shouzhe Dong
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, and School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Di Yi
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Zhang
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Spin Physics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Houbing Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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14
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Qu Z, Fang J, Wang YX, Sun Y, Liu Y, Wu WH, Zhang WB. A single-domain green fluorescent protein catenane. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3480. [PMID: 37311944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural proteins exhibit rich structural diversity based on the folds of an invariably linear chain. Macromolecular catenanes that cooperatively fold into a single domain do not belong to the current protein universe, and their design and synthesis open new territories in chemistry. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and properties of a single-domain green fluorescent protein catenane via rewiring the connectivity of GFP's secondary motifs. The synthesis could be achieved in two steps via a pseudorotaxane intermediate or directly via expression in cellulo. Various proteins-of-interest may be inserted at the loop regions to give fusion protein catenanes where the two subunits exhibit enhanced thermal resilience, thermal stability, and mechanical stability due to strong conformational coupling. The strategy can be applied to other proteins with similar fold, giving rise to a family of single-domain fluorescent proteins. The results imply that there may be multiple protein topological variants with desirable functional traits beyond their corresponding linear protein counterparts, which are now made accessible and fully open for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Qu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, P. R. China.
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15
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Gross JH, Mastalerz M. Solvent-Controlled Quadruple Catenation of Giant Chiral [8+12] Salicylimine Cubes Driven by Weak Hydrogen Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217251. [PMID: 36695113 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked structures are fascinating synthetic targets and the topological complexity achieved through catenation offers numerous possibilities for the construction of new molecules with exciting properties. In the structural space of catenated organic cage molecules, only few examples have been realized so far, and control over the catenation process in solution is still barely achieved. Herein, we describe the formation of a quadruply interlocked catenane of giant chiral [8+12] salicylimine cubes. The formation could be controlled by the choice of solvent used in the reaction. The interlocked structure was unambiguously characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and weak hydrogen bonding was identified as a central driving force for the catenation. Furthermore, scrambling experiments using partially deuterated cages were performed, revealing that the catenane formation occurs through mechanical interlocking of preformed single cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wagner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen H Gross
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Benke BP, Kirschbaum T, Graf J, Gross JH, Mastalerz M. Dimeric and trimeric catenation of giant chiral [8 + 12] imine cubes driven by weak supramolecular interactions. Nat Chem 2023; 15:413-423. [PMID: 36456691 PMCID: PMC9986109 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked structures, such as catenanes and rotaxanes, are fascinating synthetic targets and some are used for molecular switches and machines. Today, the vast majority of catenated structures are built upon macrocycles and only a very few examples of three-dimensional shape-persistent organic cages forming such structures have been reported. However, the catenation in all these cases was based on a thermodynamically favoured π-π-stacking under certain reaction conditions. Here, we show that catenane formation can be induced by adding methoxy or thiomethyl groups to one of the precursors during the synthesis of chiral [8 + 12] imine cubes, giving dimeric and trimeric catenated organic cages. To elucidate the underlying driving forces, we reacted 11 differently 1,4-disubstituted terephthaldehydes with a chiral triamino tribenzotriquinacene under various conditions to study whether monomeric cages or catenated cage dimers are the preferred products. We find that catenation is mainly directed by weak interactions derived from the substituents rather than by π-stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahiru Punja Benke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Graf
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen H Gross
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Gan MM, Wang F, Li X, Sun LY, Yuan G, Han YF. Formation of Metallosupramolecular Helicates and Mesocates from Poly- N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2599-2606. [PMID: 36474312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a series of poly-NHC-based tetranuclear silver helicates and mesocates were synthesized from the silver-mediated self-assembly of the ligands involving multiple tridentate CNC-type pincer units and NHC coordination sites. The silver helicate was found to be transferred to a gold mesocate upon metal exchange reaction. The metallosupramolecular helicates and mesocates have been fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, and multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. This study provides an example of the selective preparation of poly-NHC-based helicates or mesocates depending on the size of metal ions and the steric effect of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Gan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Guozan Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243032, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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18
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Cui Z, Mu QS, Gao X, Jin GX. Stereoselective Construction of Chiral Linear [3]Catenanes and [2]Catenanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:725-731. [PMID: 36550680 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have successfully constructed a chiral linear [3]catenane stereoselectively by coordination-driven self-assembly using a ditopic monodentate ligand containing l-valine residues with a binuclear half-sandwich organometallic rhodium(III) unit. Furthermore, by increasing the steric hindrance of the amino acid residues in the ligand, a chiral [2]catenane was obtained, which can be regarded as the factor catenane of the chiral linear [3]catenane from a topological viewpoint. Notably, the resulting molecular catenanes all exhibit complex coconformational mechanical helical chirality and planar chirality ascribed to the point chirality of the ligands. Linear [3]catenanes and [2]catenanes with the opposite chirality can be obtained by using ligands containing the corresponding d-amino acid residues, which have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cui
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Shui Mu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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19
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Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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20
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21
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Li Z, Chen M, Chen Z, Zhu YL, Guo C, Wang H, Qin Y, Fang F, Wang D, Su C, He C, Yu X, Lu ZY, Li X. Non-equilibrium Nanoassemblies Constructed by Confined Coordination on a Polymer Chain. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22651-22661. [PMID: 36411055 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems employ non-equilibrium self-assembly to create ordered nanoarchitectures with sophisticated functions. However, it is challenging to construct artificial non-equilibrium nanoassemblies due to lack of control over assembly dynamics and kinetics. Herein, we design a series of linear polymers with different side groups for further coordination-driven self-assembly based on shape-complementarity. Such a design introduces a main-chain confinement which effectively slows down the assembly process of side groups, thus allowing us to monitor the real-time evolution of lychee-like nanostructures. The function related to the non-equilibrium nature is further explored by performing photothermal conversion study. The ability to observe and capture non-equilibrium states in this supramolecular system will enhance our understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic features as well as functions of living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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22
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Zhang ZH, Zhou Q, Li Z, Zhang N, Zhang L. Completely stereospecific synthesis of a molecular cinquefoil (51) knot. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Wang J, Wicher B, Maurizot V, Huc I. Directing the Self-Assembly of Aromatic Foldamer Helices using Acridine Appendages and Metal Coordination. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201345. [PMID: 35965255 PMCID: PMC9826129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Folded molecules provide complex interaction interfaces amenable to sophisticated self-assembly motifs. Because of their high conformational stability, aromatic foldamers constitute suitable candidates for the rational elaboration of self-assembled architectures. Several multiturn helical aromatic oligoamides have been synthesized that possess arrays of acridine appendages pointing in one or two directions. The acridine units were shown to direct self-assembly in the solid state via aromatic stacking leading to recurrent helix-helix association patterns under the form of discrete dimers or extended arrays. In the presence of Pd(II), metal coordination of the acridine units overwhelms other forces and generates new metal-mediated multihelical self-assemblies, including macrocycles. These observations demonstrate simple access to different types of foldamer-containing architectures, ranging from discrete objects to 1D and, by extension, 2D and 3D arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- CBMN (UMR5248)Univ. Bordeaux – CNRS – IPBInstitut Européen de Chimie et Biologie2 rue Escarpit33600PessacFrance
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Department of Chemical Technology of DrugsPoznan University of Medical SciencesGrunwaldzka 660-780PoznanPoland
| | - Victor Maurizot
- CBMN (UMR5248)Univ. Bordeaux – CNRS – IPBInstitut Européen de Chimie et Biologie2 rue Escarpit33600PessacFrance
| | - Ivan Huc
- CBMN (UMR5248)Univ. Bordeaux – CNRS – IPBInstitut Européen de Chimie et Biologie2 rue Escarpit33600PessacFrance,Department of PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitätButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MünchenGermany,Cluster of Excellence e-conversion85748GarchingGermany
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24
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Hosseinzadeh B, Ahmadi M. Coordination geometry in metallo-supramolecular polymer networks. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Ashbridge Z, Fielden SDP, Leigh DA, Pirvu L, Schaufelberger F, Zhang L. Knotting matters: orderly molecular entanglements. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7779-7809. [PMID: 35979715 PMCID: PMC9486172 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00323f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Entangling strands in a well-ordered manner can produce useful effects, from shoelaces and fishing nets to brown paper packages tied up with strings. At the nanoscale, non-crystalline polymer chains of sufficient length and flexibility randomly form tangled mixtures containing open knots of different sizes, shapes and complexity. However, discrete molecular knots of precise topology can also be obtained by controlling the number, sequence and stereochemistry of strand crossings: orderly molecular entanglements. During the last decade, substantial progress in the nascent field of molecular nanotopology has been made, with general synthetic strategies and new knotting motifs introduced, along with insights into the properties and functions of ordered tangle sequences. Conformational restrictions imparted by knotting can induce allostery, strong and selective anion binding, catalytic activity, lead to effective chiral expression across length scales, binding modes in conformations efficacious for drug delivery, and facilitate mechanical function at the molecular level. As complex molecular topologies become increasingly synthetically accessible they have the potential to play a significant role in molecular and materials design strategies. We highlight particular examples of molecular knots to illustrate why these are a few of our favourite things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Ashbridge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lucian Pirvu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
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26
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Ashbridge Z, Knapp OM, Kreidt E, Leigh DA, Pirvu L, Schaufelberger F. Social Self-Sorting Synthesis of Molecular Knots. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17232-17240. [PMID: 36067448 PMCID: PMC9501921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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We report the synthesis of molecular prime and composite
knots
by social self-sorting of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide (pdc) ligands
of differing topicity and stereochemistry. Upon mixing achiral monotopic
and ditopic pdc-ligand strands in a 1:1:1 ratio with Lu(III), a well-defined
heteromeric complex featuring one of each ligand strand and the metal
ion is selectively formed. Introducing point-chiral centers into the
ligands leads to single-sense helical stereochemistry of the resulting
coordination complex. Covalent capture of the entangled structure
by ring-closing olefin metathesis then gives a socially self-sorted
trefoil knot of single topological handedness. In a related manner,
a heteromeric molecular granny knot (a six-crossing composite knot
featuring two trefoil tangles of the same handedness) was assembled
from social self-sorting of ditopic and tetratopic multi-pdc strands.
A molecular square knot (a six-crossing composite knot of two trefoil
tangles of opposite handedness) was assembled by social self-sorting
of a ditopic pdc strand with four (S)-centers and
a tetratopic strand with two (S)- and six (R)-centers. Each of the entangled structures was characterized
by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry,
and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The precise control of composition
and topological chirality through social self-sorting enables the
rapid assembly of well-defined sequences of entanglements for molecular
knots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Ashbridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Olivia M Knapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Elisabeth Kreidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lucian Pirvu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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27
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Maynard JR, Gallagher P, Lozano D, Butler P, Goldup SM. Mechanically axially chiral catenanes and noncanonical mechanically axially chiral rotaxanes. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1038-1044. [PMID: 35760959 PMCID: PMC7613450 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chirality typically arises in molecules because of a rigidly chiral arrangement of covalently bonded atoms. Less generally appreciated is that chirality can arise when molecules are threaded through one another to create a mechanical bond. For example, when two macrocycles with chemically distinct faces are joined to form a catenane, the structure is chiral, although the rings themselves are not. However, enantiopure mechanically axially chiral catenanes in which the mechanical bond provides the sole source of stereochemistry have not been reported. Here we re-examine the symmetry properties of these molecules and in doing so identify a straightforward route to access them from simple chiral building blocks. Our analysis also led us to identify an analogous but previously unremarked upon rotaxane stereogenic unit, which also yielded to our co-conformational auxiliary approach. With methods to access mechanically axially chiral molecules in hand, their properties and applications can now be explored.
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28
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Topological digestion drives time-varying rheology of entangled DNA fluids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4389. [PMID: 35902575 PMCID: PMC9334285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the rheology of polymeric complex fluids that are pushed out-of-equilibrium is a fundamental problem in both industry and biology. For example, to package, repair, and replicate DNA, cells use enzymes to constantly manipulate DNA topology, length, and structure. Inspired by this feat, here we engineer and study DNA-based complex fluids that undergo enzymatically-driven topological and architectural alterations via restriction endonuclease (RE) reactions. We show that these systems display time-dependent rheological properties that depend on the concentrations and properties of the comprising DNA and REs. Through time-resolved microrheology experiments and Brownian Dynamics simulations, we show that conversion of supercoiled to linear DNA topology leads to a monotonic increase in viscosity. On the other hand, the viscosity of entangled linear DNA undergoing fragmentation displays a universal decrease that we rationalise using living polymer theory. Finally, to showcase the tunability of these behaviours, we design a DNA fluid that exhibits a time-dependent increase, followed by a temporally-gated decrease, of its viscosity. Our results present a class of polymeric fluids that leverage naturally occurring enzymes to drive diverse time-varying rheology by performing architectural alterations to the constituents. Understanding and controlling the rheology of polymeric complex fluids is of fundamental importance in both industry and biology. Here, Michieletto et al. show how to achieve time-dependent rheology of DNA solutions via enzymatically-driven architectural alterations by restriction endonucleases.
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29
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Rodríguez-Rubio A, Savoini A, Modicom F, Butler P, Goldup SM. A Co-conformationally "Topologically" Chiral Catenane. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11927-11932. [PMID: 35763555 PMCID: PMC9348828 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Catenanes composed of two achiral rings that are oriented (Cnh symmetry) because of the sequence of atoms they contain are referred to as topologically chiral. Here, we present the synthesis of a highly enantioenriched catenane containing a related but overlooked "co-conformationally 'topologically' chiral" stereogenic unit, which arises when a bilaterally symmetric Cnv ring is desymmetrized by the position of an oriented macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Rodríguez-Rubio
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Savoini
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Modicom
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Butler
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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30
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Liu Y, Wang C, Xue J, Huang G, Zheng S, Zhao K, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yin T, Li Z. Body Temperature Enhanced Adhesive, Antibacterial and Recyclable Ionic Hydrogel for Epidermal Electrophysiological Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200653. [PMID: 35668708 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based epidermal electrodes have attracted widespread attention in health monitoring and human-machine interfaces for their good biocompatibility, skin-matched Young's modulus, and stable in situ electrophysiological recording performance. However, it is difficult to make the exact conformal attachment between skin and electrodes because of the hair, wrinkles as well as complex, curved contours of the skin. This also results in signal distortion and large noise. Here, a body temperature enhanced skin-adhesive epidermal electrode is proposed based on non-covalent cross-linked network ionic hydrogel. The ionic hydrogel is fabricated by the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), branched polyethyleneimine (b-PEI) and calcium chloride (CaCl2 ), which demonstrates impressive performances including ultra-stretchability of 1291%, great adhesion to skin and other non-biological materials, stable conductivity of 3.09 S/m, recyclability and outstanding antibacterial ability, simultaneously. Specifically, the adhesion of the ionic hydrogel behaves as temperature-sensitive and could be enhanced by body temperature. Furthermore, the ionic hydrogel is utilized as epidermal electrodes, which displays seductive capability to record multifarious electrophysiological signals with high signal-to-noise ratio and ultra-low detection limit, including electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG). The as-proposed body temperature enhanced skin-adhesive ionic hydrogel brings intelligent functions and broadens the way for epidermal electronics, promoting the development of healthcare electronics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Y. Liu, C. Wang, X.J. Tao, J. Huang, Y. Q. Wang, Prof. Z. Li, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China.,Y. Liu, C. Wang, Prof. Z. Li, School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Y. Liu, C. Wang, X.J. Tao, J. Huang, Y. Q. Wang, Prof. Z. Li, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China.,Y. Liu, C. Wang, Prof. Z. Li, School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiangtao Xue
- J. T. Xue, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanhua Huang
- G. H. Huang, S. Zheng, Prof. K. Zhao, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,G. H. Huang, S. Zheng, Prof. K. Zhao, Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- G. H. Huang, S. Zheng, Prof. K. Zhao, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,G. H. Huang, S. Zheng, Prof. K. Zhao, Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- G. H. Huang, S. Zheng, Prof. K. Zhao, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,G. H. Huang, S. Zheng, Prof. K. Zhao, Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Y. Liu, C. Wang, X.J. Tao, J. Huang, Y. Q. Wang, Prof. Z. Li, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China.,J. Huang, Prof. Z. Li, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yiqian Wang
- Y. Liu, C. Wang, X.J. Tao, J. Huang, Y. Q. Wang, Prof. Z. Li, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China.,Y.Q. Wang, College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Y. Zhang, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- T. L. Yin, Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Y. Liu, C. Wang, X.J. Tao, J. Huang, Y. Q. Wang, Prof. Z. Li, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China.,Y. Liu, C. Wang, Prof. Z. Li, School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,J. Huang, Prof. Z. Li, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Prof. Z. Li, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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31
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Xu GT, Chang XY, Low KH, Wu LL, Wan Q, Shu HX, To WP, Huang JS, Che CM. Self-Assembly of Molecular Trefoil Knots Featuring Pentadecanuclear Homoleptic Au I -, Au I /Ag I -, or Au I /Cu I -Alkynyl Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200748. [PMID: 35183066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free and metal-containing molecular trefoil knots are fascinating ensembles that are usually covalently assembled, the latter requiring the rational design of di- or multidentate/multipodal ligands as connectors. In this work, we describe the self-assembly of pentadecanuclear AuI trefoil knots [Au15 (C≡CR)15 ] from monoalkynes HC≡CR (R=9,9-X2 -fluorenyl with X=nBu, n-hexyl) and [AuI (THT)Cl]. Hetero-bimetallic counterparts [Au9 M6 (C≡CR)15 ] (M=Cu/Ag) were self-assembled by reactions of [Au15 (C≡CR)15 ] with [Cu(MeCN)4 ]+ /AgNO3 and HC≡CR. The type of pentadecanuclear trefoil knots described herein is characterized by X-ray crystallography, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. [Au9 Cu6 (C≡CR)15 ] is relatively stable in hexane; its excited state properties were investigated. DFT calculations revealed that non-covalent metal-metal and metal-ligand interactions, together with longer alkyl chain-strengthened inter-ligand dispersion interactions, govern the stability of the trefoil knot structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Xing Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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32
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High capacity topological coding based on nested vortex knots and links. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2705. [PMID: 35577793 PMCID: PMC9110754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical knots and links have attracted great attention because of their exotic topological characteristics. Recent investigations have shown that the information encoding based on optical knots could possess robust features against external perturbations. However, as a superior coding scheme, it is also necessary to achieve a high capacity, which is hard to be fulfilled by existing knot-carriers owing to the limit number of associated topological invariants. Thus, how to realize the knot-based information coding with a high capacity is a key problem to be solved. Here, we create a type of nested vortex knot, and show that it can be used to fulfill the robust information coding with a high capacity assisted by a large number of intrinsic topological invariants. In experiments, we design and fabricate metasurface holograms to generate light fields sustaining different kinds of nested vortex links. Furthermore, we verify the feasibility of the high-capacity coding scheme based on those topological optical knots. Our work opens another way to realize the robust and high-capacity optical coding, which may have useful impacts on the field of information transfer and storage. Robust and high capacity optical coding will be at the base of future developments of information transfer and storage. Here the authors develop a topological all-optical coding scheme, which possesses good stability and a high capacity, using nested vortex knots and links.
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33
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Gao G, Liu X, Gu Z, Mu Q, Zhu G, Zhang T, Zhang C, Zhou L, Shen L, Sun T. Engineering Nanointerfaces of Au 25 Clusters for Chaperone-Mediated Peptide Amyloidosis. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2964-2970. [PMID: 35297644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nanomaterials possessing biomolecular-chaperone functions are good candidates for modulating physicochemical interactions in many bioapplications. Despite extensive research, no general principle to engineer nanomaterial surfaces is available to precisely manipulate biomolecular conformations and behaviors, greatly limiting attempts to develop high-performance nanochaperone materials. Here, we demonstrate that, by quantifying the length (-SCxR±, x = 3-11) and charges (R- = -COO-, R+ = -NH3+) of ligands on Au25 gold nanochaperones (AuNCs), simulating binding sites and affinities of amyloid-like peptides with AuNCs, and probing peptide folding and fibrillation in the presence of AuNCs, it is possible to precisely manipulate the peptides' conformations and, thus, their amyloidosis via customizing AuNCs nanointerfaces. We show that intermediate-length liganded AuNCs with a specific charge chaperone peptides' native conformations and thus inhibit their fibrillation, while other types of AuNCs destabilize peptides and promote their fibrillation. We offer a microscopic molecular insight into peptide identity on AuNCs and provide a guideline in customizing nanochaperones via manipulating their nanointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingxue Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guowei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Shen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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34
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Au-Yeung HY, Deng Y. Distinctive features and challenges in catenane chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3315-3334. [PMID: 35432874 PMCID: PMC8943846 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From being an aesthetic molecular object to a building block for the construction of molecular machines, catenanes and related mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) continue to attract immense interest in many research areas. Catenane chemistry is closely tied to that of rotaxanes and knots, and involves concepts like mechanical bonds, chemical topology and co-conformation that are unique to these molecules. Yet, because of their different topological structures and mechanical bond properties, there are some fundamental differences between the chemistry of catenanes and that of rotaxanes and knots although the boundary is sometimes blurred. Clearly distinguishing these differences, in aspects of bonding, structure, synthesis and properties, between catenanes and other MIMs is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their chemistry and explore the new opportunities from mechanical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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35
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Ashbridge Z, Kreidt E, Pirvu L, Schaufelberger F, Stenlid JH, Abild-Pedersen F, Leigh DA. Vernier template synthesis of molecular knots. Science 2022; 375:1035-1041. [PMID: 35239374 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm9247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular knots are often prepared using metal helicates to cross the strands. We found that coordinatively mismatching oligodentate ligands and metal ions provides a more effective way to synthesize larger knots using Vernier templating. Strands composed of different numbers of tridentate 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide groups fold around nine-coordinate lanthanide (III) ions to generate strand-entangled complexes with the lowest common multiple of coordination sites for the ligand strands and metal ions. Ring-closing olefin metathesis then completes the knots. A 3:2 (ditopic strand:metal) Vernier assembly produces +31#+31 and -31#-31 granny knots. Vernier complexes of 3:4 (tetratopic strand:metal) stoichiometry selectively form a 378-atom-long trefoil-of-trefoils triskelion knot with 12 alternating strand crossings or, by using opposing stereochemistry at the terminus of the strand, an inverted-core triskelion knot with six alternating and six nonalternating strand crossings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Ashbridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Elisabeth Kreidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lucian Pirvu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Joakim Halldin Stenlid
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Frank Abild-Pedersen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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36
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Zhang ZH, Andreassen BJ, August DP, Leigh DA, Zhang L. Molecular weaving. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:275-283. [PMID: 35115722 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the interlacing of strands at the molecular level has mainly been limited to coordination polymers and DNA. Despite being proposed on a number of occasions, the direct, bottom-up assembly of molecular building blocks into woven organic polymers remained an aspirational, but elusive, target for several decades. However, recent successes in two-dimensional and three-dimensional molecular-level weaving now offer new opportunities and research directions at the interface of polymer science and molecular nanotopology. This Perspective provides an overview of the features and potential of the periodic nanoscale weaving of polymer chains, distinguishing it from randomly entangled polymer networks and rigid crystalline frameworks. We review the background and experimental progress so far, and conclude by considering the potential of molecular weaving and outline some of the current and future challenges in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - David P August
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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37
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Xu GT, Chang XY, Low KH, Wu LL, Wan Q, Shu HX, To WP, Huang JS, Che CM. Self‐Assembly of Molecular Trefoil Knots Featuring Pentadecanuclear Homoleptic AuI‐, AuI/AgI‐, or AuI/CuI‐Alkynyl Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | | | | | - Qingyun Wan
- The University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | | | - Wai-Pong To
- The University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | | | - Chi-Ming Che
- The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road - Hong Kong HONG KONG
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38
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Li D, Han Y, Jiang Y, Jiang G, Sun H, Sun Z, Zhang QW, Tian Y. Achieving Adjustable Multifunction Based on Host-Guest Interaction-Manipulated Reversible Molecular Conformational Switching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1807-1816. [PMID: 34955010 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules that are capable of toggling between multiple and definite conformational states under external stimuli have great potential for use in molecular switches or sensors. However, currently developed regulation approaches for these switchable molecules mostly involve covalent bond-breaking/reforming processes, thereby inevitably producing byproducts or causing fatigue accumulation. Herein, we report a simple but successful model whose molecular conformation can be precisely manipulated between stretched and folded forms by employing host-guest interactions with rigid macrocycles, thus avoiding possible side reactions and fatigue accumulation and possessing excellent reversibility. Moreover, the conformation states of this molecule can be visualized and identified by luminous readout, endowing it with real-time self-reporting features. Furthermore, this controllable and reversible conformational conversion is accompanied by various valuable functions, including controllable multicolor emission; ratiometric fluorescent thermosensing with high temperature resolution, excellent reversibility, lock/unlock switching, and especially linear detection range tunability; and in addition real-time intracellular temperature sensing and imaging, disclosing the intriguing microscopic "conformation-function" relationship based on a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Guanyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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39
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Dang LL, Li TT, Cui Z, Sui D, Ma LF, Jin GX. Selective construction and stability studies of a molecular trefoil knot and Solomon link. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16984-16989. [PMID: 34612256 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02755g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Two novel compounds, a molecular trefoil knot and a Solomon link, were constructed successfully through the cooperation of multiple π-π stacking interactions. A reversible transformation between the trefoil knot and the corresponding [2 + 2] macrocycle could be achieved by solvent- and guest-induced effects. However, the Solomon link maintains its stability in different concentrations, solvents and guest molecules. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic data, NMR spectroscopic experiments and ESI-MS support the synthesis and structural assignments. These synthesis methods open the door to the further development of smart materials, which will push the advancement of rational design of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials), Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Sui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
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40
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Dong J, Liu Y, Cui Y. Artificial Metal-Peptide Assemblies: Bioinspired Assembly of Peptides and Metals through Space and across Length Scales. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17316-17336. [PMID: 34618443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of chiral crystalline porous materials, such as metal-organic complexes (MOCs) or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), has been one of the most exciting recent developments in materials science owing to their widespread applications in enantiospecific processes. However, achieving specific tight-affinity binding and remarkable enantioselectivity toward important biomolecules is still challenging. Perhaps most critically, the lack of adaptability, compatibility, and processability in these materials severely impedes practical applications in chemical engineering and biological technology. In this Perspective, artificial metal-peptide assemblies (MPAs), which are achieved by the assembly of peptides and metals with nanometer-sized cavities or pores, is a new development that could address the current bottlenecks of chiral porous materials. Bioinspired assembly of pore-forming MPAs is not foreign to biological systems and has granted scientists an unprecedented level of control over the chiral recognition sites, conformational flexibility, cavity sizes, and hydrophilic segments through ultrafine-tuning of peptide-derived linkers. We will specifically discuss exemplary MPAs including structurally well-defined metal-peptide complexes and highly crystalline metal-peptide frameworks. With insights from these structures, the peptide assembly and folding by the closer cooperation of metal coordination and noncovalent interactions can create adaptable protein-like nanocavities undergoing a myriad of conformational variations that is reminiscent of enzymatic pockets. We also consider challenges to advancing the field, where the deployment of side-chain groups and manipulation of amino acid sequences are more likely to access the programmable, genetically encodable peptide-mediated porous materials, thus contributing to the enhanced enantioselective recognition as well as enabling key biochemical processes in next-generation versatile biomimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H. G. David
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310021 China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 China
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42
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O'Keeffe M, Treacy MMJ. Piecewise-linear embeddings of knots and links with rotoinversion symmetry. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021; 77:392-398. [PMID: 34473094 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273321006136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the simplest members of an infinite family of knots and links that have achiral piecewise-linear embeddings in which linear segments (sticks) meet at corners. The structures described are all corner- and stick-2-transitive - the smallest possible for achiral knots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O'Keeffe
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Michael M J Treacy
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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43
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Zhang HN, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Selective Construction of Trefoil knots and a Molecular Borromean Ring Induced by Steric Hindrance of Thioether Ligands. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1918-1924. [PMID: 33960138 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two Cp*-RhIII based trefoil knots were obtained in high yield under ambient conditions via the coordination-driven self-assembly of semi-rigid thioether dipyridyl ligand 1,4-bis[(pyridin-4-ylthio)methyl]benzene (L1 ), ligand chloranilic acid (H2 -CA) and 6,11-dihydroxytetracene-5,12-dione (H2 -TtDo) with Cp*RhIII metal corner units, respectively. Furthermore, using the bulkier 4,4'-{[(2,5-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(methylene)]bis(sulfanediyl)}dipyridine (L2 ) in the place of ligand L1 in the construction process resulted in the formation of a teranuclear metallacycle and a template-free Borromean ring in high yields thanks to significantly altered intermolecular forces between the constituent ligands induced by the sterically-hindering methyl groups of L2 , as demonstrated via a detailed X-ray crystallographic analysis and NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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44
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Zhang L, Lin YJ, Li ZH, Fraser Stoddart J, Jin GX. Coordination-Driven Selective Formation of D 2 Symmetric Octanuclear Organometallic Cages. Chemistry 2021; 27:9524-9528. [PMID: 33882176 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The coordination-driven self-assembly of organometallic half-sandwich iridium(III)- and rhodium(III)-based building blocks with asymmetric ambidentate pyridyl-carboxylate ligands is described. Despite the potential for obtaining a statistical mixture of multiple products, D2 symmetric octanuclear cages were formed selectively by taking advantage of the electronic effects emanating from the two types of chelating sites - (O,O') and (N,N') - on the tetranuclear building blocks. The metal sources and the lengths of bridging ligands influence the selectivity of the self-assembly. Experimental observations, supported by computational studies, suggest that the D2 symmetric cages are the thermodynamically favored products. Overall, the results underline the importance of electronic effects on the selectivity of coordination-driven self-assembly, and demonstrate that asymmetric ambidentate ligands can be used to control the design of discrete supramolecular coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310021, P.R. China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
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45
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Cai K, Zhang L, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Radical-pairing-induced molecular assembly and motion. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:447-465. [PMID: 37118435 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radical-pairing interactions between conjugated organic π-radicals are relative newcomers to the inventory of molecular recognition motifs explored in supramolecular chemistry. The unique electronic, magnetic, optical and redox-responsive properties of the conjugated π-radicals render molecules designed with radical-pairing interactions useful for applications in various areas of chemistry and materials science. In particular, the ability to control formation of radical cationic or anionic species, by redox stimulation, provides a flexible trigger for directed assembly and controlled molecular motions, as well as a convenient means of inputting energy to fuel non-equilibrium processes. In this Review, we provide an overview of different examples of radical-pairing-based recognition processes and of their emerging use in (1) supramolecular assembly, (2) templation of mechanically interlocked molecules, (3) stimuli-controlled molecular switches and, by incorporation of kinetic asymmetry in the design, (4) the creation of unidirectional molecular transporters based on pumping cassettes powered by fuelled switching of radical-pairing interactions. We conclude the discussion with an outlook on future directions for the field.
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46
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Zhang L. New synthetic strategies hold promise for the future of molecular nanotopology. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Guo XQ, Zhou LP, Hu SJ, Cai LX, Cheng PM, Sun QF. Hexameric Lanthanide-Organic Capsules with Tertiary Structure and Emergent Functions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6202-6210. [PMID: 33871254 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological macromolecules always function through a collective behavior of the aggregated constituents, which usually are self-assembled together via noncovalent interactions. Likewise, artificial supramolecular assemblies, whose properties and functions are mainly derived from their primary and secondary structures, may also aggregate into high-order architectures with emergent functions not available on the individual components. Here we report the first example of an insulin-like hexamerization of lanthanide triple helicates toward a 4 nm diameter hexameric capsule via consecutive metal-directed and anion-directed assembly processes. Hierarchical chiral-sorting self-assembly endows hexamers with aggregation-induced stability and emission enhancement. Furthermore, emergent guest-encapsulation function and enantioselectivity toward terpene drugs have been realized in the late-formed central cavity of the hexamers. This study not only provides a feasible strategy for constructing sophisticated and multifunctional lanthanide-organic materials but also sheds some light on the self-assembly processes in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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48
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Favier B. Spontaneous knotting of a flexible fiber in chaotic flows. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:043101. [PMID: 34005912 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.043101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We consider the problem of an inextensible but flexible fiber advected by a steady chaotic flow, and ask the simple question of whether the fiber can spontaneously knot itself. Using a one-dimensional Cosserat model, a simple local viscous drag model and discrete contact forces, we explore the probability of finding knots at any given time when the fiber is interacting with the ABC class of flows. The bending rigidity is shown to have a marginal effect compared to that of increasing the fiber length. Complex knots are formed up to 11 crossings, but some knots are more probable than others. The finite-time Lyapunov exponent of the flow is shown to have a positive effect on the knot probability. Finally, contact forces appear to be crucial since knotted configurations can remain stable for times much longer than the turnover time of the flow, something that is not observed when the fiber can freely cross itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Favier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, Marseille, France
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49
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Zhu H, Tian F, Sun L, Wang S, Dai L. Revisiting the Non-monotonic Dependence of Polymer Knotting Probability on the Bending Stiffness. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Zhu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Fujia Tian
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Simin Wang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Liang Dai
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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50
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Leigh DA, Danon JJ, Fielden SDP, Lemonnier JF, Whitehead GFS, Woltering SL. A molecular endless (7 4) knot. Nat Chem 2021; 13:117-122. [PMID: 33318672 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Current strategies for the synthesis of molecular knots focus on twisting, folding and/or threading molecular building blocks. Here we report that Zn(II) or Fe(II) ions can be used to weave ligand strands to form a woven 3 × 3 molecular grid. We found that the process requires tetrafluoroborate anions to template the assembly of the interwoven grid by binding within the square cavities formed between the metal-coordinated criss-crossed ligands. The strand ends of the grid can subsequently be joined through within-grid alkene metathesis reactions to form a topologically trivial macrocycle (unknot), a doubly interlocked [2]catenane (Solomon link) and a knot with seven crossings in a 258-atom-long closed loop. This 74 knot topology corresponds to that of an endless knot, which is a basic motif of Celtic interlace, the smallest Chinese knot and one of the eight auspicious symbols of Buddhism and Hinduism. The weaving of molecular strands within a discrete layer by anion-template metal-ion coordination opens the way for the synthesis of other molecular knot topologies and to woven polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jonathan J Danon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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