1
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Walsh F, Zhang M, Ritchie RO, Asta M, Minor AM. Multiple origins of extra electron diffractions in fcc metals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn9673. [PMID: 39093961 PMCID: PMC11296326 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn9673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse intensities in the electron diffraction patterns of concentrated face-centered cubic solid solutions have been widely attributed to chemical short-range order, although this connection has been recently questioned. This article explores the many nonordering origins of commonly reported features using a combination of experimental electron microscopy and multislice diffraction simulations, which suggest that diffuse intensities largely represent thermal and static displacement scattering. A number of observations may reflect additional contributions from planar defects, surface terminations incommensurate with bulk periodicity, or weaker dynamical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flynn Walsh
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert O. Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark Asta
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M. Minor
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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2
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Han Y, Chen H, Sun Y, Liu J, Wei S, Xie B, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Li M, Yang J, Chen W, Cao P, Yang Y. Ubiquitous short-range order in multi-principal element alloys. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6486. [PMID: 39090088 PMCID: PMC11294451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research in multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) has increasingly focused on the role of short-range order (SRO) on material performance. However, the mechanisms of SRO formation and its precise control remain elusive, limiting the progress of SRO engineering. Here, leveraging advanced additive manufacturing techniques that produce samples with a wide range of cooling rates (up to 107 K s-1) and an enhanced semi-quantitative electron microscopy method, we characterize SRO in three CoCrNi-based face-centered-cubic (FCC) MPEAs. Surprisingly, irrespective of the processing and thermal treatment history, all samples exhibit similar levels of SRO. Atomistic simulations reveal that during solidification, prevalent local chemical order arises in the liquid-solid interface (solidification front) even under the extreme cooling rate of 1011 K s-1. This phenomenon stems from the swift atomic diffusion in the supercooled liquid, which matches or even surpasses the rate of solidification. Therefore, SRO is an inherent characteristic of most FCC MPEAs, insensitive to variations in cooling rates and even annealing treatments typically available in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hangman Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yongwen Sun
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Shaolou Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bijun Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yingxin Zhu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Judith Yang
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Penghui Cao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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3
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Shi P, Li Y, Jiang X, Shen Z, Li R, Lin Z, Li Q, Ding B, Zheng T, Liang X, Min N, Peng J, Li H, Ren W, Lei Z, Ren Y, Liu CT, Zhong Y, Ma E. Strong-Yet-Ductile Eutectic Alloys Employing Cocoon-Like Nanometer-Sized Dislocation Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405459. [PMID: 38847443 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Eutectic alloys (EAs) with superior fluidity are known to be the easiest to cast into high-quality ingots, making them the alloys of choice for making large-sized structural parts. However, conventional EAs (CEAs) have never reached strength-ductility combinations on par with the best in other alloy categories. Via thermomechanical processing of cast Ni-32.88wt%Fe-9.53wt%Al CEAs, a cocoon-like nano-meshed (as fine as 26 nm) network of dislocations (CNN-D) is produced via recovery annealing, through the rearrangement of cold-work-accumulated dislocations anchored by dense pre-existing nanoprecipitates. In lieu of traditional plasticity mechanisms, such as TWIP and TRIP, the CNN-D is particularly effective in eutectic lamellae with alternating phases, as it instigates nanometer-spaced planar slip bands that not only dynamically refine the microstructure but also transmit from the FCC (face-centered-cubic) layers into the otherwise brittle B2 layers. These additional mechanisms for strengthening and strain hardening sustain stable tensile flow, resulting in a striking elevation of both strength and ductility to outrank not only all previous CEAs, but also the state of the art-additively manufactured eutectic high-entropy alloys. The CNN-D thus adds a novel microstructural strategy for performance enhancement, especially for compositionally complex alloys that increasingly make use of nanoprecipitates or local chemical order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Runguang Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, 00113B, Australia
| | - Zhongze Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Biao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Tianxiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Na Min
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jianchao Peng
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Weili Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zuosheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - C T Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yunbo Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Evan Ma
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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4
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Yao G, Pan Y, Li F, Dong S. Macrocyclic Supramolecular Glass: New Type of Supramolecular Transparent Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405337. [PMID: 39073234 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Transparent materials are widely used in industries, everyday life, and scientific activities. The development of new, lightweight, and durable artificial transparent materials is a challenge in synthetic chemistry. In this study, a supramolecular approach is conceived to construct transparent glass. Cyclodextrins are selected as the building blocks for the fabrication of supramolecular glass via noncovalent polymerization. The newly formed glass displays several attractive advantages, including good thermal processability, high mechanical strength and dielectric constant, excellent visible light transparency, and good adhesion performance. Importantly, the structural characteristics of long-range disorder and short-range order are observed in cyclodextrin glass. Here a new strategy is presented for the preparation and functionalization of low-molecular-weight transparent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanjuan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fenfang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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5
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Liu J, Wang P, Luan J, Chen J, Cai P, Chen J, Lu X, Fan Y, Yu Z, Chou K. VASE: A High-Entropy Alloy Short-Range Order Structural Descriptor for Machine Learning. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 39046791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The short-range order (SRO) structure in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is closely associated with many properties, which can be studied through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Atomic-scale modeling and calculations require substantial computational resources, and machine learning can provide rapid estimations of DFT results. To describe SRO information in HEAs, a new descriptor based on Voronoi Analysis and Shannon Entropy (VASE) is proposed. Based on Voronoi analysis, the Shannon entropy is introduced to directly characterize atomic spatial arrangement information except for composition and atomic interactions, which is necessary for describing the disorder atomic occupancy in HEAs. The new descriptor is used for predicting the formation energy of FeCoNiAlTiCu system based on machine learning model, which is more accurate than other descriptors (Coulomb matrices, partial radial distribution functions, and Voronoi analysis). Moreover, the model trained based on VASE descriptors exhibits the best predictive performance for unrelaxed structures (24.06 meV/atom). The introduction of Shannon entropy provides an effective representation of atomic arrangement information in HEAs, which is a powerful tool for investigating the SRO phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University,99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University,99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jun Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University,99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University,99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Pengcheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University,99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University,99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xionggang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University,99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yunying Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Zhigang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University,99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kuochih Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University,99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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6
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Shi P, Yang Y, Yao B, Si J, Wang Y. Unveiling the mechanism of tuning elemental distribution in high entropy alloys and its effect on thermal stability. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3793-3800. [PMID: 39050948 PMCID: PMC11265590 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The issue of elemental distribution such as chemical short range order (SRO) in high entropy alloys (HEAs) has garnered increased attention in both experimental and theoretical realms. A comprehensive and urgently required elucidation of this atomic-level phenomenon is the focus of this study. In this work, we systematically analyzed atomic-level information, involving atomic volume, charge transfer, local chemical ordering and atomic stress in 3d HEAs. We assess the hotly debated issue by attributing it to Cr atoms with negative atomic stress in the sublattice site, whereas other atoms with positive atomic stress have larger electronegativity and greater atomic volume, through which the interplay of positive and negative atomic stresses balances the local atomic environment. Additionally, we assume that Mn promotes the homogeneity of the HEA and the temperature-dependent chemical SRO enhances the thermal stability of HEAs. Our work contributes to advancing our understanding of the mechanistic aspects of elemental distribution in HEAs and their thermodynamic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yiying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Baodian Yao
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology Shouguang Shandong 262700 China
| | - Jiaxuan Si
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- The Fourth Sub-Institute, Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu 610005 China
| | - Yuexia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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7
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He M, Davids WJ, Breen AJ, Ringer SP. Quantifying short-range order using atom probe tomography. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01912-1. [PMID: 38956352 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Medium- and high-entropy alloys are an emerging class of materials that can exhibit outstanding combinations of strength and ductility for engineering applications. Computational simulations have suggested the presence of short-range order (SRO) in these alloys, and recent experimental evidence is also beginning to emerge. Unfortunately, the difficulty in quantifying the SRO under different heat treatment conditions has generated much debate on the atomic preferencing and implications of SRO on mechanical properties. Here we develop an approach to measure SRO using atom probe tomography. This method balances the limitations of atom probe tomography with the threshold values of SRO to map the regimes where the required atomistic neighbourhood information is preserved and where it is not. We demonstrate the method with a case study of the CoCrNi alloy and use this to monitor SRO changes induced by heat treatments. These species-specific SRO measurements enable the generation of computational simulations of atomic neighbourhood models that are equivalent to the experiment and can contribute to the further understanding and design of medium- and high-entropy alloys and other materials systems where SRO may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei He
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, and School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William J Davids
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, and School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Breen
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, and School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon P Ringer
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, and School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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8
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Wang W, Liu S, Wang Y, Jia B, Huang Y, Xie L, Jiang B, He J. Tailoring local chemical fluctuation of high-entropy structures in thermoelectric materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp4372. [PMID: 38905337 PMCID: PMC11192076 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
In high-entropy materials, local chemical fluctuation from multiple elements inhabiting the same crystallographic site plays a crucial role in their unique properties. Using atomic-resolution chemical mapping, we identified the respective contributions of different element characteristics on the local chemical fluctuation of high-entropy structures in thermoelectric materials. Electronegativity and mass had a comparable influence on the fluctuations of constituent elements, while the radius made a slight contribution. The local chemical fluctuation was further tailored by selecting specific elements to induce large lattice distortion and strong strain fluctuation to lower lattice thermal conductivity independent of increased entropy. The chemical bond fluctuation induced by the electronegativity difference had a noticeable contribution to the composition-dependent lattice thermal conductivity in addition to the known fluctuations of mass and strain field. Our findings provide a fundamental principle for tuning local chemical fluctuation and lattice thermal conductivity in high-entropy thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shixuan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baohai Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Binbin Jiang
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Jiaqing He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Device Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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Sheriff K, Cao Y, Smidt T, Freitas R. Quantifying chemical short-range order in metallic alloys. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322962121. [PMID: 38870054 PMCID: PMC11194554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322962121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Metallic alloys often form phases-known as solid solutions-in which chemical elements are spread out on the same crystal lattice in an almost random manner. The tendency of certain chemical motifs to be more common than others is known as chemical short-range order (SRO), and it has received substantial consideration in alloys with multiple chemical elements present in large concentrations due to their extreme configurational complexity (e.g., high-entropy alloys). SRO renders solid solutions "slightly less random than completely random," which is a physically intuitive picture, but not easily quantifiable due to the sheer number of possible chemical motifs and their subtle spatial distribution on the lattice. Here, we present a multiscale method to predict and quantify the SRO state of an alloy with atomic resolution, incorporating machine learning techniques to bridge the gap between electronic-structure calculations and the characteristic length scale of SRO. The result is an approach capable of predicting SRO length scale in agreement with experimental measurements while comprehensively correlating SRO with fundamental quantities such as local lattice distortions. This work advances the quantitative understanding of solid-solution phases, paving the way for the rigorous incorporation of SRO length scales into predictive mechanical and thermodynamic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Sheriff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Yifan Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Tess Smidt
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Rodrigo Freitas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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10
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Liang J, Cao G, Zeng M, Fu L. Controllable synthesis of high-entropy alloys. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6021-6041. [PMID: 38738520 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) involving more than four elements, as emerging alloys, have brought about a paradigm shift in material design. The unprecedented compositional diversities and structural complexities of HEAs endow multidimensional exploration space and great potential for practical benefits, as well as a formidable challenge for synthesis. To further optimize performance and promote advanced applications, it is essential to synthesize HEAs with desired characteristics to satisfy the requirements in the application scenarios. The properties of HEAs are highly related to their chemical compositions, microstructure, and morphology. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the controllable synthesis of HEAs is provided, ranging from composition design to morphology control, structure construction, and surface/interface engineering. The fundamental parameters and advanced characterization related to HEAs are introduced. We also propose several critical directions for future development. This review can provide insight and an in-depth understanding of HEAs, accelerating the synthesis of the desired HEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guanghui Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Lei Fu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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11
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Xu B, Duan H, Chen X, Wang J, Ma Y, Jiang P, Yuan F, Wang Y, Ren Y, Du K, Wei Y, Wu X. Harnessing instability for work hardening in multi-principal element alloys. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:755-761. [PMID: 38605195 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The strength-ductility trade-off has long been a Gordian knot in conventional metallic structural materials and it is no exception in multi-principal element alloys. In particular, at ultrahigh yield strengths, plastic instability, that is, necking, happens prematurely, because of which ductility almost entirely disappears. This is due to the growing difficulty in the production and accumulation of dislocations from the very beginning of tensile deformation that renders the conventional dislocation hardening insufficient. Here we propose that premature necking can be harnessed for work hardening in a VCoNi multi-principal element alloy. Lüders banding as an initial tensile response induces the ongoing localized necking at the band front to produce both triaxial stress and strain gradient, which enables the rapid multiplication of dislocations. This leads to forest dislocation hardening, plus extra work hardening due to the interaction of dislocations with the local-chemical-order regions. The dual work hardening combines to restrain and stabilize the premature necking in reverse as well as to facilitate uniform deformation. Consequently, a superior strength-and-ductility synergy is achieved with a ductility of ~20% and yield strength of 2 GPa during room-temperature and cryogenic deformation. These findings offer an instability-control paradigm for synergistic work hardening to conquer the strength-ductility paradox at ultrahigh yield strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huichao Duan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Physics, Centre for Neutron Scattering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui Du
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yueguang Wei
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Hsu WL, Tsai CW, Yeh AC, Yeh JW. Clarifying the four core effects of high-entropy materials. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:471-485. [PMID: 38698142 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy materials emerged as a field of research in 2004, when the first research on high-entropy alloys was published. The scope was soon expanded from high-entropy alloys to medium-entropy alloys, as well as to ceramics, polymers and composite materials. A fundamental understanding on high-entropy materials was proposed in 2006 by the 'four core effects' - high-entropy, severe-lattice-distortion, sluggish-diffusion and cocktail effects - which are often used to describe and explain the mechanisms of various peculiar phenomena associated with high-entropy materials. Throughout the years, the effects have been examined rigorously, and their validity has been affirmed. This Perspective discusses the fundamental understanding of the four core effects in high-entropy materials and gives further insights to strengthen the understanding for these effects. All these clarifications are believed to be helpful in understanding low-to-high-entropy materials as well as to aid the design of materials when studying new compositions or pursuing their use in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Hsu
- High Entropy Materials Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Tsai
- High Entropy Materials Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - An-Chou Yeh
- High Entropy Materials Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jien-Wei Yeh
- High Entropy Materials Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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13
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Synergistic work hardening by rapid multiplication of dislocations in a multi-principal-element alloy. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:737-738. [PMID: 38671163 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
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14
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Wang F, Song M, Elkot MN, Yao N, Sun B, Song M, Wang Z, Raabe D. Shearing brittle intermetallics enhances cryogenic strength and ductility of steels. Science 2024; 384:1017-1022. [PMID: 38815014 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Precipitates are crucial for crafting mechanically strong metallic materials. In this work, we report the dislocation cutting of B2 (ordered body-centered cubic) nanoprecipitates, typically considered nonshearable intermetallics, in a lightweight compositionally complex steel during cryogenic tensile loading. Shearing is enabled by the high strength level for dislocation glide within the austenitic matrix, attributed to the substantial strengthening from subnanoscale local chemical ordering zones and the pronounced solid solution strengthening from the multiprincipal elements in the matrix. This mechanism not only harnesses the intense strengthening and strain hardening provided by otherwise impenetrable brittle nanoprecipitates but also introduces ductility through their sequential shearing with ongoing deformation. Our steel thus showcases ultrahigh cryogenic tensile strength up to 2 gigapascal at a remarkable tensile elongation of 34%. This study reveals a new strategy for designing high-performance structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mohamed N Elkot
- Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Ning Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Binhan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dierk Raabe
- Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Gu L, Zhao Y, Li Y, Hou R, Liang F, Zhang R, Wu Y, Fan Y, Liang N, Zhou B, Chen Y, Sha G, Chen G, Wang Y, Chen X. Ultrastrong and ductile medium-entropy alloys via hierarchical ordering. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn7553. [PMID: 38809970 PMCID: PMC11135427 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn7553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Long-range ordered phases in most high-entropy and medium-entropy alloys (HEAs/MEAs) exhibit poor ductility, stemming from their brittle nature of complex crystal structure with specific bonding state. Here, we propose a design strategy to severalfold strengthen a single-phase face-centered cubic (fcc) Ni2CoFeV MEA by introducing trigonal κ and cubic L12 intermetallic phases via hierarchical ordering. The tri-phase MEA has an ultrahigh tensile strength exceeding 1.6 GPa and an outstanding ductility of 30% at room temperature, which surpasses the strength-ductility synergy of most reported HEAs/MEAs. The simultaneous activation of unusual dislocation multiple slip and stacking faults (SFs) in the κ phase, along with nano-SF networks, Lomer-Cottrell locks, and high-density dislocations in the coupled L12 and fcc phases, contributes to enhanced strain hardening and excellent ductility. This work offers a promising prototype to design super-strong and ductile structural materials by harnessing the hierarchical ordered phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yonghao Zhao
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213200, China
| | - Yong Li
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Rui Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials Technology, Engineering Research Center of Materials Behavior and Design, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ruisheng Zhang
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yinxing Wu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ningning Liang
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials Technology, Engineering Research Center of Materials Behavior and Design, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials Technology, Engineering Research Center of Materials Behavior and Design, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Gang Sha
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Guang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials Technology, Engineering Research Center of Materials Behavior and Design, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yandong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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16
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Yeh CH, Hsu WD, Liu BH, Yang CS, Kuan CY, Chang YC, Huang KS, Jhang SS, Lu CY, Liaw PK, Shih CF. Low-frequency conductivity of low wear high-entropy alloys. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4554. [PMID: 38811587 PMCID: PMC11136967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) provide new research avenues for alloy combinations in the periodic table, opening numerous possibilities in novel-alloy applications. However, their electrical characteristics have been relatively underexplored. The challenge in establishing an HEA electrical conductivity model lies in the changes in electronic characteristics caused by lattice distortion and complexity of nanostructures. Here we show a low-frequency electrical conductivity model for the Nb-Mo-Ta-W HEA system. The cocktail effect is found to explain trends in electrical-conductivity changes in HEAs, while the magnitude of the reduction is understood by the calculated plasma frequency, free electron density, and measured relaxation time by terahertz spectroscopy. As a result, the refractory HEA Nb15Mo35Ta15W35 thin film exhibits both high hardness and excellent conductivity. This combination of Nb15Mo35Ta15W35 makes it suitable for applications in atomic force microscopy probe coating, significantly improving their wear resistance and atomic-scale image resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsien Yeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Dung Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Applied High Entropy Technology (AHET) Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Program on Semiconductor Packaging and Testing, Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Bernard Haochih Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Applied High Entropy Technology (AHET) Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Chan-Shan Yang
- Applied High Entropy Technology (AHET) Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute and Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Yun Kuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chun Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Sheng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Song-Syun Jhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Lu
- Institute and Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Peter K Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Chuan-Feng Shih
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Applied High Entropy Technology (AHET) Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Program on Semiconductor Packaging and Testing, Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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17
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Ma S, Payir A, McLoughlin N, Harris PL. Scientific and religious beliefs are primarily shaped by testimony. Trends Cogn Sci 2024:S1364-6613(24)00112-8. [PMID: 38806376 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Understanding why individuals are more confident of the existence of invisible scientific phenomena (e.g., oxygen) than invisible religious phenomena (e.g., God) remains a puzzle. Departing from conventional explanations linking ontological beliefs to direct experience, we introduce a model positing that testimony predominantly shapes beliefs in both scientific and religious domains. Distinguishing direct experience (personal observation) from cultural input (testimony-based evidence), we argue that even apparently direct experiences often stem from others' testimony. Our analysis indicates that variability in direct experience cannot explain belief disparities between science and religion, within each domain, or across cultures. Instead, variability in testimony is the primary driver of ontological beliefs. We present developmental evidence for testimony-based beliefs and elucidate the mechanisms underlying their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocong Ma
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Ayse Payir
- Department of Psychology, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA
| | - Niamh McLoughlin
- Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paul L Harris
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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18
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Zhu W, Gao X, Yao Y, Hu S, Li Z, Teng Y, Wang H, Gong H, Chen Z, Yang Y. Nanostructured High Entropy Alloys as Structural and Functional Materials. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12672-12706. [PMID: 38717959 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Since their introduction in 2004, high entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional mechanical and functional properties. Advances in our understanding of atomic-scale ordering and phase formation in HEAs have facilitated the development of fabrication techniques for synthesizing nanostructured HEAs. These materials hold immense potential for applications in various fields including automobile industries, aerospace engineering, microelectronics, and clean energy, where they serve as either structural or functional materials. In this comprehensive Review, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the mechanical and functional properties of nanostructured HEAs, with a particular emphasis on the roles of different nanostructures in modulating these properties. To begin, we explore the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the formation and stability of nanostructures in HEAs. Subsequently, we delve into an examination of the mechanical and electrocatalytic properties exhibited by bulk or three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured HEAs, as well as nanosized HEAs in the form of zero-dimensional (0D) nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1D) nanowires, or two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets. Finally, we present an outlook on the current research landscape, highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with nanostructure design and the understanding of structure-property relationships in nanostructured HEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yiyu Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sijia Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of System Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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19
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Cai C, Wu S, Zhang Y, Li F, Tan Z, Dong S. Bulk transparent supramolecular glass enabled by host-guest molecular recognition. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3929. [PMID: 38724556 PMCID: PMC11082146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular glass is a non-covalently cross-linked amorphous material that exhibits excellent optical properties and unique intrinsic structural features. Compared with artificial inorganic/organic glass, which has been extensively developed, supramolecular glass is still in the infancy stage, and itself is rarely recognized and studied thus far. Herein, we present the development of the host-guest molecular recognition motifs between methyl-β-cyclodextrin and para-hydroxybenzoic acid as the building blocks of supramolecular glass. Non-covalent polymerization resulting from the host-guest complexation and hydrogen bonding formation enables high transparency and bulk state to supramolecular glass. Various advantages, including recyclability, compatibility, and thermal processability, are associated with dynamic assembly pattern. Short-range order (host-guest complexation) and long-range disorder (three dimensional polymeric network) structures are identified simultaneously, thus demonstrating the typical structural characteristics of glass. This work provides a supramolecular strategy for constructing transparent materials from organic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuanggen Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Fenfang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, P. R. China.
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China.
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20
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Liu X, Yu Y, Li K, Li Y, Li X, Yuan Z, Li H, Zhang H, Gong M, Xia W, Deng Y, Lei W. Intergrating Hollow Multishelled Structure and High Entropy Engineering toward Enhanced Mechano-Electrochemical Properties in Lithium Battery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312583. [PMID: 38302690 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Hollow multishelled structures (HoMSs) are attracting great interest in lithium-ion batteries as the conversion anodes, owing to their superior buffering effect and mechanical stability. Given the synthetic challenges, especially elemental diffusion barrier in the multimetal combinations, this complex structure design has been realized in low- and medium-entropy compounds so far. It means that poor reaction reversibility and low intrinsic conductivity remain largely unresolved. Here, a hollow multishelled (LiFeZnNiCoMn)3O4 high entropy oxide (HEO) is developed through integrating molecule and microstructure engineering. As expected, the HoMS design exhibits significant targeting functionality, yielding satisfactory structure and cycling stability. Meanwhile, the abundant oxygen defects and optimized electronic structure of HEO accelerate the lithiation kinetics, while the retention of the parent lattice matrix enables reversible lithium storage, which is validated by rigorous in situ tests and theoretical simulations. Benefiting from these combined properties, such hollow multishelled HEO anode can deliver a specific capacity of 967 mAh g-1 (89% capacity retention) after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g-1. The synergistic lattice and volume stability showcased in this work holds great promise in guiding the material innovations for the next-generation energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Kezhuo Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Yage Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Hang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Mingxing Gong
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Shaanxi Materials Analysis and Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Yaping Deng
- Power Battery & System Research Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 110623, China
| | - Wen Lei
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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21
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Wang H, He Q, Gao X, Shang Y, Zhu W, Zhao W, Chen Z, Gong H, Yang Y. Multifunctional High Entropy Alloys Enabled by Severe Lattice Distortion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305453. [PMID: 37561587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Since 2004, the design of high entropy alloys (HEAs) has generated significant interest within the materials science community due to their exceptional structural and functional properties. By incorporating multiple principal elements into a common lattice, it is possible to create a single-phase crystal with a highly distorted lattice. This unique feature enables HEAs to offer a promising combination of mechanical and physical properties that are not typically observed in conventional alloys. In this article, an extensive overview of multifunctional HEAs that exhibit severe lattice distortion is provided, covering the theoretical models that are developed to understand lattice distortion, the experimental and computational methods employ to characterize lattice distortion, and most importantly, the impact of severe lattice distortion on the mechanical, physical and electrochemical properties of HEAs. Through this review, it is hoped to stimulate further research into the study of distorted lattices in crystalline solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Quanfeng He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Institute of Materials Modification and Modeling, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yinghui Shang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong (Dongguan), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weijiang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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22
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An Z, Yang T, Shi C, Mao S, Wang L, Li A, Li W, Xue X, Sun M, Bai Y, He Y, Ren F, Lu Z, Yan M, Ren Y, Liu CT, Zhang Z, Han X. Negative enthalpy alloys and local chemical ordering: a concept and route leading to synergy of strength and ductility. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae026. [PMID: 38405434 PMCID: PMC10890820 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid solutions are ubiquitous in metals and alloys. Local chemical ordering (LCO) is a fundamental sub-nano/nanoscale process that occurs in many solid solutions and can be used as a microstructure to optimize strength and ductility. However, the formation of LCO has not been fully elucidated, let alone how to provide efficient routes for designing LCO to achieve synergistic effects on both superb strength and ductility. Herein, we propose the formation and control of LCO in negative enthalpy alloys. With engineering negative enthalpy in solid solutions, genetic LCO components are formed in negative enthalpy refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs). In contrast to conventional 'trial-and-error' approaches, the control of LCO by using engineering negative enthalpy in RHEAs is instructive and results in superior strength (1160 MPa) and uniform ductility (24.5%) under tension at ambient temperature, which are among the best reported so far. LCO can promote dislocation cross-slip, enhancing the interaction between dislocations and their accumulation at large tensile strains; sustainable strain hardening can thereby be attained to ensure high ductility of the alloy. This work paves the way for new research fields on negative enthalpy solid solutions and alloys for the synergy of strength and ductility as well as new functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibing An
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caijuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Partial Acceleration Physics & Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengcheng Mao
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xianmeng Xue
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yifan Bai
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yapeng He
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chain-Tsuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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23
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Chen Y, Feng H, Li J, Liu B, Jiang C, Liu Y, Fang Q, Liaw PK. Dislocation flow turbulence simultaneously enhances strength and ductility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316912121. [PMID: 38502698 PMCID: PMC10990144 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316912121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) exhibit outstanding strength attributed to the complex dislocation dynamics as compared to conventional alloys. Here, we develop an atomic-lattice-distortion-dependent discrete dislocation dynamics framework consisted of random field theory and phenomenological dislocation model to investigate the fundamental deformation mechanism underlying massive dislocation motions in body-centered cubic MPEA. Amazingly, the turbulence of dislocation speed is identified in light of strong heterogeneous lattice strain field caused by short-range ordering. Importantly, the vortex from dislocation flow turbulence not only acts as an effective source to initiate dislocation multiplication but also induces the strong local pinning trap to block dislocation movement, thus breaking the strength-ductility trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qihong Fang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peter K. Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996
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24
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Naghdi A, Domínguez-Gutiérrez FJ, Huo WY, Karimi K, Papanikolaou S. Dynamic Nanoindentation and Short-Range Order in Equiatomic NiCoCr Medium-Entropy Alloy Lead to Novel Density Wave Ordering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:116101. [PMID: 38563927 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chemical short-range order is believed to be a key contributor to the exceptional properties of multicomponent alloys. However, its direct validation and confirmation has been highly elusive in most compounds. Recent studies for equiatomic NiCoCr alloys have shown that thermal treatments (i.e., annealing and aging) may facilitate and manipulate such ordering. In this work, by using molecular simulations, we show that nanomechanical probes, such as nanoindentation, may be utilized toward further manipulation of chemical short-range order, providing explicit validation pathways. By using well established interatomic potentials, we perform hybrid molecular-dynamics-Monte Carlo at room temperature to demonstrate that particular dwell nanoindentation protocols can lead, through thermal Monte Carlo equilibration, to local reorganization under the indenter tip, toward a density-wave stripe pattern. We characterize the novel density-wave structures, which are highly anisotropic and dependent on local, nanoindentation-induced stress concentrations, and we show how they deeply originate from intrinsic features of interelemental interactions. Furthermore, we show that these novel patterns consistently scale with the incipient plastic zone, under the indenter tip, justifying their observation at experimentally feasible nanoindentation depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Naghdi
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Center for Nuclear Research, ulica A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk/Otwock, Poland
- IDEAS NCBR, ulica Chmielna 69, 00-801 Warsaw, Poland
| | - F J Domínguez-Gutiérrez
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Center for Nuclear Research, ulica A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk/Otwock, Poland
| | - W Y Huo
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Center for Nuclear Research, ulica A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk/Otwock, Poland
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - K Karimi
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Center for Nuclear Research, ulica A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk/Otwock, Poland
| | - S Papanikolaou
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Center for Nuclear Research, ulica A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Swierk/Otwock, Poland
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25
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Yang Y, Yin S, Yu Q, Zhu Y, Ding J, Zhang R, Ophus C, Asta M, Ritchie RO, Minor AM. Rejuvenation as the origin of planar defects in the CrCoNi medium entropy alloy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1402. [PMID: 38365867 PMCID: PMC10873362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
High or medium- entropy alloys (HEAs/MEAs) are multi-principal element alloys with equal atomic elemental composition, some of which have shown record-breaking mechanical performance. However, the link between short-range order (SRO) and the exceptional mechanical properties of these alloys has remained elusive. The local destruction of SRO by dislocation glide has been predicted to lead to a rejuvenated state with increased entropy and free energy, creating softer zones within the matrix and planar fault boundaries that enhance the ductility, but this has not been verified. Here, we integrate in situ nanomechanical testing with energy-filtered four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) and directly observe the rejuvenation during cyclic mechanical loading in single crystal CrCoNi at room temperature. Surprisingly, stacking faults (SFs) and twin boundaries (TBs) are reversible in initial cycles but become irreversible after a thousand cycles, indicating SF energy reduction and rejuvenation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation further reveals that the local breakdown of SRO in the MEA triggers these SF reversibility changes. As a result, the deformation features in HEAs/MEAs remain planar and highly localized to the rejuvenated planes, leading to the superior damage tolerance characteristic in this class of alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Sheng Yin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qin Yu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yingxin Zhu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark Asta
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Minor
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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26
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Rasooli N, Chen W, Daly M. Deformation mechanisms in high entropy alloys: a minireview of short-range order effects. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1650-1663. [PMID: 38180135 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05251f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The complex atomic scale structure of high entropy alloys presents new opportunities to expand the deformation theories of mechanical metallurgy. In this regard, solute-defect interactions have emerged as critical piece in elucidating the operation of deformation mechanisms. While notable progress has been made in understanding solute-defect interactions for random solute arrangements, recent interest in high entropy alloys with short-range order adds a new layer of structural complexity for which a cohesive picture has yet to emerge. To this end, this minireview synthesizes the current understanding of short-range order effects on defect behavior through an examination of the key recent literature. This analysis centers on the nanoscale metallurgy of deformation mechanisms, with the order-induced changes to the relevant defect energy landscapes serving as a touchstone for discussion. The topics reviewed include dislocation-mediated strengthening, twinning and phase transformation-based mechanisms, and vacancy-mediated processes. This minireview concludes with remarks on current challenges and opportunities for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novin Rasooli
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St, 2095 ERF (MC 246), Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Matthew Daly
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St, 2095 ERF (MC 246), Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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27
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Huang Z, Li T, Li B, Dong Q, Smith J, Li S, Xu L, Wang G, Chi M, Hu L. Tailoring Local Chemical Ordering via Elemental Tuning in High-Entropy Alloys. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2167-2173. [PMID: 38214166 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Due to the large multi-elemental space desired for property screening and optimization, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) hold greater potential over conventional alloys for a range of applications, such as structural materials, energy conversion, and catalysis. However, the relationship between the HEA composition and its local structural/elemental configuration is not well understood, particularly in noble-metal-based HEA nanomaterials, hindering the design and development of nano-HEAs in energy conversion and catalysis applications. Herein, we determined precise atomic-level structural and elemental arrangements in model HEAs composed of RhPtPdFeCo and RuPtPdFeCo to unveil their local characteristics. Notably, by changing just one constituent element in the HEA (Rh to Ru), we found dramatic changes in the elemental arrangement from complete random mixing to a local single elemental ordering feature. Additionally, we demonstrate that the local ordering in RuPtPdFeCo can be further controlled by varying the Ru concentration, allowing us to toggle between local Ru clustering and distinct heterostructures in multicomponent systems. Overall, our study presents a practical approach for manipulating local atomic structures and elemental arrangements in noble-metal-based HEA systems, which could provide in-depth knowledge to mechanistically understand the functionality of noble-metal-based HEA nanomaterials in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Tangyuan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jacob Smith
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Shuke Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Guofeng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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28
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An Z, Li A, Mao S, Yang T, Zhu L, Wang R, Wu Z, Zhang B, Shao R, Jiang C, Cao B, Shi C, Ren Y, Liu C, Long H, Zhang J, Li W, He F, Sun L, Zhao J, Yang L, Zhou X, Wei X, Chen Y, Lu Z, Ren F, Liu CT, Zhang Z, Han X. Negative mixing enthalpy solid solutions deliver high strength and ductility. Nature 2024; 625:697-702. [PMID: 38172639 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Body-centred cubic refractory multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs), with several refractory metal elements as constituents and featuring a yield strength greater than one gigapascal, are promising materials to meet the demands of aggressive structural applications1-6. Their low-to-no tensile ductility at room temperature, however, limits their processability and scaled-up application7-10. Here we present a HfNbTiVAl10 alloy that shows remarkable tensile ductility (roughly 20%) and ultrahigh yield strength (roughly 1,390 megapascals). Notably, these are among the best synergies compared with other related alloys. Such superb synergies derive from the addition of aluminium to the HfNbTiV alloy, resulting in a negative mixing enthalpy solid solution, which promotes strength and favours the formation of hierarchical chemical fluctuations (HCFs). The HCFs span many length scales, ranging from submicrometre to atomic scale, and create a high density of diffusive boundaries that act as effective barriers for dislocation motion. Consequently, versatile dislocation configurations are sequentially stimulated, enabling the alloy to accommodate plastic deformation while fostering substantial interactions that give rise to two unusual strain-hardening rate upturns. Thus, plastic instability is significantly delayed, which expands the plastic regime as ultralarge tensile ductility. This study provides valuable insights into achieving a synergistic combination of ultrahigh strength and large tensile ductility in MPEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibing An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shengcheng Mao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center of Chongqing University, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiwen Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Boxuan Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caijuan Shi
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Long
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ligang Sun
- College of Science, School of Science Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junbo Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Luyan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- Analytical and Testing Center of Chongqing University, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunmin Chen
- Center for Hypergravity Experiment and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chain-Tsuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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29
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Moniri S, Yang Y, Ding J, Yuan Y, Zhou J, Yang L, Zhu F, Liao Y, Yao Y, Hu L, Ercius P, Miao J. Three-dimensional atomic structure and local chemical order of medium- and high-entropy nanoalloys. Nature 2023; 624:564-569. [PMID: 38123807 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Medium- and high-entropy alloys (M/HEAs) mix several principal elements with near-equiatomic composition and represent a model-shift strategy for designing previously unknown materials in metallurgy1-8, catalysis9-14 and other fields15-18. One of the core hypotheses of M/HEAs is lattice distortion5,19,20, which has been investigated by different numerical and experimental techniques21-26. However, determining the three-dimensional (3D) lattice distortion in M/HEAs remains a challenge. Moreover, the presumed random elemental mixing in M/HEAs has been questioned by X-ray and neutron studies27, atomistic simulations28-30, energy dispersive spectroscopy31,32 and electron diffraction33,34, which suggest the existence of local chemical order in M/HEAs. However, direct experimental observation of the 3D local chemical order has been difficult because energy dispersive spectroscopy integrates the composition of atomic columns along the zone axes7,32,34 and diffuse electron reflections may originate from planar defects instead of local chemical order35. Here we determine the 3D atomic positions of M/HEA nanoparticles using atomic electron tomography36 and quantitatively characterize the local lattice distortion, strain tensor, twin boundaries, dislocation cores and chemical short-range order (CSRO). We find that the high-entropy alloys have larger local lattice distortion and more heterogeneous strain than the medium-entropy alloys and that strain is correlated to CSRO. We also observe CSRO-mediated twinning in the medium-entropy alloys, that is, twinning occurs in energetically unfavoured CSRO regions but not in energetically favoured CSRO ones, which represents, to our knowledge, the first experimental observation of correlating local chemical order with structural defects in any material. We expect that this work will not only expand our fundamental understanding of this important class of materials but also provide the foundation for tailoring M/HEA properties through engineering lattice distortion and local chemical order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Moniri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yao Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yakun Yuan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jihan Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuxuan Liao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonggang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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30
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Zhang W, Guo X, Ren J, Li J, Xue H, Tang F, La P, Lu X. Double strengthening induced by grain boundary segregation of solute elements in gradient nano Ni-Co alloys. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32142-32150. [PMID: 37986587 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03613h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gradient induced unusual strain hardening achieves the equilibrium of the strength and plasticity of alloys, and is an important strategy for the optimization of the mechanical properties of metals and alloys. The segregation of solute elements can greatly improve the grain boundary stability, inhibit grain coarsening and promote the mechanical strength of the alloy. In our efforts, the segregation structure of the solute element Co was designed and added to the gradient nano Ni-Co alloy, and the two strengthening strategies were applied simultaneously in one structure. The mechanical strength of the alloy achieved a second increase based on the unique combination of gradient induced strain hardening and high plasticity, especially the yield strength of alloy increase amplitude reach to 42%. This provides a positive direction for the alloy strengthening strategy. In the process of secondary strengthening, the micro-mechanism is divided into two stages: in the first stage, the gradient strain provides the alloy with geometrically necessary dislocations and a multi-axial stress state, and the existence of large numbers of geometrically necessary dislocations creates good conditions for the second stage strengthening. In the second stage, the solute segregation induced stable grain boundaries produce a strong pinning effect on the geometrically necessary dislocation, which realizes the coupling of grain boundary strengthening and dislocation strengthening. This provides a new strengthening strategy and positive theoretical guidance for the experimental preparation of advanced alloys with excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Junqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Junchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Fuling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Peiqing La
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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31
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Gao H, Guo N, Gong Y, Bai L, Wang D, Zheng Q. Sub-Ångstrom-scale structural variations in high-entropy oxides. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37987086 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy oxides (HEOs) are a special class of materials that utilize the concept of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with five or more elements randomly distributing at a single sublattice in near-equiatomic proportions. HEOs have been attracting increasing attention owing to their many outstanding physical and chemical properties. However, unlike HEAs, for which local chemical compositions, order/disorder behaviors, and property-structure relationships have been comprehensively investigated, detailed information on the atomic-scale chemical and structural features and their correlations with functionalities in HEOs so far is still not sufficient. Herein, we select four typical HEOs with pyrochlore, spinel, perovskite and rock-salt type structures, and directly observe and quantify sub-Ångstrom-scale structure variations in different manners by means of advanced aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. Visualization and quantification of local structural variations and lattice distortions in the current work may show a valuable example for future investigations on local fluctuating structures and their relationships with properties in more systems of HEOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Gao
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ning Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yue Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Lu Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Dongwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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32
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Zhang Q, Niu R, Liu Y, Jiang J, Xu F, Zhang X, Cairney JM, An X, Liao X, Gao H, Li X. Room-temperature super-elongation in high-entropy alloy nanopillars. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7469. [PMID: 37978189 PMCID: PMC10656519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale small-volume metallic materials typically exhibit high strengths but often suffer from a lack of tensile ductility due to undesirable premature failure. Here, we report unusual room-temperature uniform elongation up to ~110% at a high flow stress of 0.6-1.0 GPa in single-crystalline <110>-oriented CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy nanopillars with well-defined geometries. By combining high-resolution microscopy and large-scale atomistic simulations, we reveal that this ultrahigh uniform tensile ductility is attributed to spatial and synergistic coordination of deformation twinning and dislocation slip, which effectively promote deformation delocalization and delay necking failure. These joint and/or sequential activations of the underlying displacive deformation mechanisms originate from chemical compositional heterogeneities at the atomic level and resulting wide variations in generalized stacking fault energy and associated dislocation activities. Our work provides mechanistic insights into superplastic deformations of multiple-principal element alloys at the nanoscale and opens routes for designing nanodevices with high mechanical reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ranming Niu
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical, and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical, and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jiaxi Jiang
- Centre for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Institute of Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Julie M Cairney
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical, and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xianghai An
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical, and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Xiaozhou Liao
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical, and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore, 138632, Singapore.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Centre for Advanced Mechanics and Materials, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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33
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Li L, Ouyang B, Lun Z, Huo H, Chen D, Yue Y, Ophus C, Tong W, Chen G, Ceder G, Wang C. Atomic-scale probing of short-range order and its impact on electrochemical properties in cation-disordered oxide cathodes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7448. [PMID: 37978171 PMCID: PMC10656575 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical short-range-order has been widely noticed to dictate the electrochemical properties of Li-excess cation-disordered rocksalt oxides, a class of cathode based on earth abundant elements for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. Existence of short-range-order is normally evidenced by a diffused intensity pattern in reciprocal space, however, derivation of local atomic arrangements of short-range-order in real space is hardly possible. Here, by a combination of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and cluster-expansion Monte Carlo simulations, we reveal the short-range-order is a convolution of three basic types: tetrahedron, octahedron, and cube. We discover that short-range-order directly correlates with Li percolation channels, which correspondingly affects Li transport behavior. We further demonstrate that short-range-order can be effectively manipulated by anion doping or post-synthesis thermal treatment, creating new avenues for tailoring the electrochemical properties. Our results provide fundamental insights for decoding the complex relationship between local chemical ordering and properties of crystalline compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linze Li
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - Zhengyan Lun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyan Huo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dongchang Chen
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Yue
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Guoying Chen
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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Li Y, Wei Y, Wang Z, Liu X, Colnaghi T, Han L, Rao Z, Zhou X, Huber L, Dsouza R, Gong Y, Neugebauer J, Marek A, Rampp M, Bauer S, Li H, Baker I, Stephenson LT, Gault B. Quantitative three-dimensional imaging of chemical short-range order via machine learning enhanced atom probe tomography. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7410. [PMID: 37973821 PMCID: PMC10654683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical short-range order (CSRO) refers to atoms of specific elements self-organising within a disordered crystalline matrix to form particular atomic neighbourhoods. CSRO is typically characterized indirectly, using volume-averaged or through projection microscopy techniques that fail to capture the three-dimensional atomistic architectures. Here, we present a machine-learning enhanced approach to break the inherent resolution limits of atom probe tomography enabling three-dimensional imaging of multiple CSROs. We showcase our approach by addressing a long-standing question encountered in body-centred-cubic Fe-Al alloys that see anomalous property changes upon heat treatment. We use it to evidence non-statistical B2-CSRO instead of the generally-expected D03-CSRO. We introduce quantitative correlations among annealing temperature, CSRO, and nano-hardness and electrical resistivity. Our approach is further validated on modified D03-CSRO detected in Fe-Ga. The proposed strategy can be generally employed to investigate short/medium/long-range ordering phenomena in different materials and help design future high-performance materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ye Wei
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Institute of Metals, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Timoteo Colnaghi
- Max Planck Computing and Data Facility, Gießenbachstraße 2, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Liuliu Han
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ziyuan Rao
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xuyang Zhou
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Liam Huber
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raynol Dsouza
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yilun Gong
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Neugebauer
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Marek
- Max Planck Computing and Data Facility, Gießenbachstraße 2, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Rampp
- Max Planck Computing and Data Facility, Gießenbachstraße 2, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Max-Planck-Ring 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Ian Baker
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Leigh T Stephenson
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Materials, Imperial College, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Jang H, Jung YS, Oh MW. Advances in thermoelectric AgBiSe 2: Properties, strategies, and future challenges. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21117. [PMID: 37928035 PMCID: PMC10623285 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoelectric materials are attracting considerable attention to alleviate the global energy crisis by enabling the direct conversion of heat into electricity. As a class of I-V-VI2 semiconductors, AgBiSe2 is expected to be the potential thermoelectric material to replace conventional PbTe-based compounds due to its non-toxic and abundant nature of its constituent elements. This review article summarizes the fundamental properties of AgBiSe2, thermoelectric properties, the effect of different dopants on its transport properties and entropy engineering for cubic phase stabilization with the detailed description of related techniques used to analyze the properties of AgBiSe2. The current thermoelectric figure-of-merit and approaches to further improve performance and operational stability are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhwi Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Wook Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34158, Republic of Korea
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36
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Coury FG, Miller C, Field R, Kaufman M. On the origin of diffuse intensities in fcc electron diffraction patterns. Nature 2023; 622:742-747. [PMID: 37880440 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting diffuse intensities in electron diffraction patterns can be challenging in samples with high atomic-level complexity, as often is the case with multi-principal element alloys. For example, diffuse intensities in electron diffraction patterns from simple face-centred cubic (fcc) and related alloys have been attributed to short-range order1, medium-range order2 or a variety of different {111} planar defects, including thin twins3, thin hexagonal close-packed layers4, relrod spiking5 and incomplete ABC stacking6. Here we demonstrate that many of these diffuse intensities, including [Formula: see text]{422} and [Formula: see text]{311} in ⟨111⟩ and ⟨112⟩ selected area diffraction patterns, respectively, are due to reflections from higher-order Laue zones. We show similar features along many different zone axes in a wide range of simple fcc materials, including CdTe, pure Ni and pure Al. Using electron diffraction theory, we explain these intensities and show that our calculated intensities of projected higher-order Laue zone reflections as a function of deviation from their Bragg conditions match well with the observed intensities, proving that these intensities are universal in these fcc materials. Finally, we provide a framework for determining the nature and location of diffuse intensities that could indicate the presence of short-range order or medium-range order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gil Coury
- Materials Engineering Department (DEMa), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Cody Miller
- SIGMA Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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37
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Chen L, Song Z, Zhang S, Chang CK, Chuang YC, Peng X, Dun C, Urban JJ, Guo J, Chen JL, Prendergast D, Salmeron M, Somorjai GA, Su J. Ternary NiMo-Bi liquid alloy catalyst for efficient hydrogen production from methane pyrolysis. Science 2023; 381:857-861. [PMID: 37616342 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Methane pyrolysis (MP) is a potential technology for CO2-free hydrogen production that generates only solid carbon by-products. However, developing a highly efficient catalyst for stable methane pyrolysis at a moderate temperature has been challenging. We present a new and highly efficient catalyst created by modifying a Ni-Bi liquid alloy with the addition of Mo to produce a ternary NiMo-Bi liquid alloy catalyst (LAC). This catalyst exhibited a considerably low activation energy of 81.2 kilojoules per mole, which enabled MP at temperatures between 450 and 800 Celsius and a hydrogen generation efficiency of 4.05 ml per gram of nickel per minute. At 800 Celsius, the catalyst exhibited 100% H2 selectivity and 120 hours of stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Chen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zhigang Song
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chung-Kai Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Xinxing Peng
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chaochao Dun
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - David Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gabor A Somorjai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ji Su
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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38
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Ouyang P, Yuan MH, Tang P, Zhang Q, Liu S, Shuai J, Li XG. Atomic Local Ordering and Alloying Effects on the Mg 3(Sb 1-xBi x) 2 Thermoelectric Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37554-37562. [PMID: 37522843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Mg3(Sb1-xBix)2 alloy has been extensively studied in the last 5 years due to its exceptional thermoelectric (TE) performance. The absence of accurate force field for inorganic alloy compounds presents great challenges for computational studies. Here, we explore the atomic microstructure, thermal, and elastic properties of the Mg3(Sb1-xBix)2 alloy at different solution concentrations through atomic simulations with a highly accurate machine learning interatomic potential (ML-IAP). We find atomic local ordering in the optimized structure with the Bi-Bi pair inclined to join adjacent layers and Sb-Sb pair preferring to stay within the same layer. The thermal conductivity changes with the solution concentrations can be correctly predicted through ML-IAP-based molecular dynamics simulations. Spectral thermal conductance analysis shows that the continuous movement of low-frequency peak to high frequency is responsible for the reduction of the thermal conductivity upon alloying. Elastic calculations reveal that similar to the thermal conductivity, solid solution alloying can reduce the overall elastic properties at both Mg3Sb2 and Mg3Bi2 ends, while anisotropic behavior is clearly observed with linear interpolation relationship upon alloying along the interlayer direction and nonlinearity along the intralayer direction. Although the atomic local ordering shows little effects on the properties of the Mg3(Sb1-xBix)2 alloy with only two alloying elements, it possesses potential important impacts on multiprincipal element inorganic TE alloys. This work provides a recipe for computational studies on the TE alloy systems and thus can accelerate the discovery and optimization of TE materials with high TE performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ouyang
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Min-Hui Yuan
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Pengbing Tang
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shenghua Liu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jing Shuai
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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40
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Walsh F, Zhang M, Ritchie RO, Minor AM, Asta M. Extra electron reflections in concentrated alloys do not necessitate short-range order. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:926-929. [PMID: 37524815 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flynn Walsh
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Applied Science & Technology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Minor
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark Asta
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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41
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Wang L, Ding J, Chen S, Jin K, Zhang Q, Cui J, Wang B, Chen B, Li T, Ren Y, Zheng S, Ming K, Lu W, Hou J, Sha G, Liang J, Wang L, Xue Y, Ma E. Tailoring planar slip to achieve pure metal-like ductility in body-centred-cubic multi-principal element alloys. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:950-957. [PMID: 37037961 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Uniform tensile ductility (UTD) is crucial for the forming/machining capabilities of structural materials. Normally, planar-slip induced narrow deformation bands localize the plastic strains and hence hamper UTD, particularly in body-centred-cubic (bcc) multi-principal element high-entropy alloys (HEAs), which generally exhibit early necking (UTD < 5%). Here we demonstrate a strategy to tailor the planar-slip bands in a Ti-Zr-V-Nb-Al bcc HEA, achieving a 25% UTD together with nearly 50% elongation-to-failure (approaching a ductile elemental metal), while offering gigapascal yield strength. The HEA composition is designed not only to enhance the B2-like local chemical order (LCO), seeding sites to disperse planar slip, but also to generate excess lattice distortion upon deformation-induced LCO destruction, which promotes elastic strains and dislocation debris to cause dynamic hardening. This encourages second-generation planar-slip bands to branch out from first-generation bands, effectively spreading the plastic flow to permeate the sample volume. Moreover, the profuse bands frequently intersect to sustain adequate work-hardening rate (WHR) to large strains. Our strategy showcases the tuning of plastic flow dynamics that turns an otherwise-undesirable deformation mode to our advantage, enabling an unusual synergy of yield strength and UTD for bcc HEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songshen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Advance Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxiang Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Benpeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Neutron Scattering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shijian Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaisheng Ming
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhua Hou
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Sha
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - En Ma
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Zhang M, Walsh F, Asta M, Ritchie RO, Minor AM. Diffuse Electron Diffraction Intensities in Concentrated Solid Solutions Do Not Necessarily Come from Short-range Order. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:437-438. [PMID: 37613268 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Flynn Walsh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Mark Asta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Andrew M Minor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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43
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Kung PC, Yin K, Zuo JM, Krogstad JA. 4D-STEM Diffuse Scattering Characterization for Detection of Short-range Ordering - A New Procedure for Pattern and Spatial Distribution Visualization. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:713-714. [PMID: 37613618 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Cheng Kung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kaijun Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jian-Min Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jessica A Krogstad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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44
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Peng Z, Fan Z, Abdullah MR, Ren C, Li J, Gong P. Corrosion Resistance Enhancement of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy with WC Particle Reinforcements via Laser Melting Deposition. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4701. [PMID: 37445015 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a WC particle-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) was fabricated by laser melting deposition (LMDed). The LMDed CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (CoCrFeMnNi) composite is primarily comprised of a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. However, in the case of CoCrFeMnNi with 2.5 wt.% WC, it exhibits a combination of an FCC matrix and a ceramic phase known as M23C6. The corrosion behavior of CoCrFeMnNi and CoCrFeMnNi with 2.5 wt.% WC particle in 0.5 M H2SO4 was comparatively investigated. Compared with CoCrFeMnNi, the passive film formed on the CoCrFeMnNi with 2.5 wt.% WC had a more stable and stronger protective property. The corrosion current density of the CoCrFeMnNi with 2.5 wt.% WC dropped by 149.1% compared to that of the CoCrFeMnNi, indicating that the CoCrFeMnNi with 2.5 wt.% WC had better corrosion resistance than that of the CoCrFeMnNi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zize Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Congcong Ren
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Pan Gong
- Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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45
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Dasari S, Sharma A, Jiang C, Gwalani B, Lin WC, Lo KC, Gorsse S, Yeh AC, Srinivasan SG, Banerjee R. Exceptional enhancement of mechanical properties in high-entropy alloys via thermodynamically guided local chemical ordering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211787120. [PMID: 37252982 PMCID: PMC10265979 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211787120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the local chemical ordering propensity in random solid solutions, and tailoring its strength, can guide the design and discovery of complex, paradigm-shifting multicomponent alloys. First, we present a simple thermodynamic framework, based solely on binary enthalpies of mixing, to select optimal alloying elements to control the nature and extent of chemical ordering in high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Next, we couple high-resolution electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, hybrid Monte-Carlo, special quasirandom structures, and density functional theory calculations to demonstrate how controlled additions of Al and Ti and subsequent annealing drive chemical ordering in nearly random equiatomic face-centered cubic CoFeNi solid solution. We establish that short-range ordered domains, the precursors of long-range ordered precipitates, inform mechanical properties. Specifically, a progressively increasing local order boosts the tensile yield strengths of the parent CoFeNi alloy by a factor of four while also substantially improving ductility, which breaks the so-called strength-ductility paradox. Finally, we validate the generality of our approach by predicting and demonstrating that controlled additions of Al, which has large negative enthalpies of mixing with the constituent elements of another nearly random body-centered cubic refractory NbTaTi HEA, also introduces chemical ordering and enhances mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriswaroop Dasari
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX76207
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX76207
| | - Chao Jiang
- Computational Mechanics & Materials Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID83415
| | - Bharat Gwalani
- Physical and Computational Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99354
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC27695
| | - Wei-Chih Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan, R. O. C
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600Pessac, France
| | - Kai-Chi Lo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan, R. O. C
- High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Stéphane Gorsse
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600Pessac, France
| | - An-Chou Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan, R. O. C
- High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | | | - Rajarshi Banerjee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX76207
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46
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Zhao S, Yin S, Liang X, Cao F, Yu Q, Zhang R, Dai L, Ruestes CJ, Ritchie RO, Minor AM. Deformation and failure of the CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy subjected to extreme shock loading. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8602. [PMID: 37146144 PMCID: PMC10162673 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary work hardening ability and fracture toughness of the face-centered cubic (fcc) high-entropy alloys render them ideal candidates for many structural applications. Here, the deformation and failure mechanisms of an equiatomic CrCoNi medium-entropyalloy (MEA) were investigated by powerful laser-driven shock experiments. Multiscale characterization demonstrates that profuse planar defects including stacking faults, nanotwins, and hexagonal nanolamella were generated during shock compression, forming a three-dimensional network. During shock release, the MEA fractured by strong tensile deformation and numerous voids was observed in the vicinity of the fracture plane. High defect populations, nanorecrystallization, and amorphization were found adjacent to these areas of localized deformation. Molecular dynamics simulations corroborate the experimental results and suggest that deformation-induced defects formed before void nucleation govern the geometry of void growth and delay their coalescence. Our results indicate that the CrCoNi-based alloys are impact resistant, damage tolerant, and potentially suitable in applications under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Xixi Octagon City, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhua Cao
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lanhong Dai
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Carlos J Ruestes
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), CONICET UNCUYO, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Minor
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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47
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Zhang Z, Su Z, Zhang B, Yu Q, Ding J, Shi T, Lu C, Ritchie RO, Ma E. Effect of local chemical order on the irradiation-induced defect evolution in CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218673120. [PMID: 37014854 PMCID: PMC10104586 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218673120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High- (and medium-) entropy alloys have emerged as potentially suitable structural materials for nuclear applications, particularly as they appear to show promising irradiation resistance. Recent studies have provided evidence of the presence of local chemical order (LCO) as a salient feature of these complex concentrated solid-solution alloys. However, the influence of such LCO on their irradiation response has remained uncertain thus far. In this work, we combine ion irradiation experiments with large-scale atomistic simulations to reveal that the presence of chemical short-range order, developed as an early stage of LCO, slows down the formation and evolution of point defects in the equiatomic medium-entropy alloy CrCoNi during irradiation. In particular, the irradiation-induced vacancies and interstitials exhibit a smaller difference in their mobility, arising from a stronger effect of LCO in localizing interstitial diffusion. This effect promotes their recombination as the LCO serves to tune the migration energy barriers of these point defects, thereby delaying the initiation of damage. These findings imply that local chemical ordering may provide a variable in the design space to enhance the resistance of multi-principal element alloys to irradiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Zhengxiong Su
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Bozhao Zhang
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Jun Ding
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Tan Shi
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Robert O. Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Evan Ma
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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Peng Z, Li B, Luo Z, Chen X, Tang Y, Yang G, Gong P. A Lightweight AlCrTiV 0.5Cu x High-Entropy Alloy with Excellent Corrosion Resistance. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2922. [PMID: 37049215 PMCID: PMC10095625 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new class of low-density, high strength-to-weight ratio metallic structural material. Understanding their corrosion behavior is crucial for designing microstructures for their practical applications. This work investigates the electrochemical corrosion behavior of lightweight HEAs AlCrTiV0.5Cux (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) in a 0.6 M NaCl solution. These HEAs were produced by vacuum arc melting. In contrast to 304L stainless steel, all of the alloys exhibited lower current density levels caused by self-corrosion, with AlCrTiV0.5 demonstrating the highest corrosion resistance (0.131 μA/cm2). Corrosion resistance decreased along with the content of copper because copper segregation accelerated local corrosion throughout the alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Baowei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zaibin Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yao Tang
- China Steel Development Research Institute, No.95 Longfusi Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Guannan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China;
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49
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Ziehl TJ, Morris D, Zhang P. Detection and impact of short-range order in medium/high-entropy alloys. iScience 2023; 26:106209. [PMID: 36923000 PMCID: PMC10009204 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Medium/High-entropy alloys (MEAs/HEAs) have attracted much attention during the past two decades and have been studied extensively owing to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. These materials form simple lattice structures and thermodynamically favored single-phase solutions. Despite having a single-phase, the local structure of MEAs/HEAs still contain some degree of order. Recently, short-range order (SRO) has been studied to better understand the local structure of MEAs/HEAs and how this order impacts their properties. Efforts to characterize SRO in high-entropy alloys have included non-imaging methods such as X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, as well as imaging methods such as transmission electron microscopy-based techniques. In this perspective, structural studies using non-imaging and imaging techniques to investigate SRO in MEAs/HEAs are discussed. Moreover, the impact of SRO on the physical and mechanical properties of MEAs/HEAs is also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Joe Ziehl
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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50
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Zhang X, Kang J, Wei SH. Defect modeling and control in structurally and compositionally complex materials. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:210-220. [PMID: 38177885 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Conventional computational approaches for modeling defects face difficulties when applied to complex materials, mainly due to the vast configurational space of defects. In this Perspective, we discuss the challenges in calculating defect properties in complex materials, review recent advances in computational techniques and showcase new mechanistic insights developed from these methods. We further discuss the remaining challenges in improving the accuracy and efficiency of defect modeling in complex materials, and provide an outlook on potential research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Zhang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Huai Wei
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, China.
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