1
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Li Z, He Z, Wang L, Meng W, Dai X, Liu G, Liu Y, Zhang X. High-performance hydrogen evolution reaction in quadratic nodal line semimetal Na 2CdSn. iScience 2024; 27:110708. [PMID: 39262793 PMCID: PMC11387805 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Topological nodal line semimetals (TNLSMs), which exhibit one-dimensional (1D) band crossing in their electronic band structure, have been predicted to be potential catalysts in electrocatalytic processes. However, the current studies are limited to the TNLSMs where the dispersion around the nodal line is linear in all directions. Here, the potential application of the quadratic nodal line (QNL) semimetal Na2CdSn in hydrogen evolution reaction is explored. Based on the bulk-boundary correspondence, we find that the topological surface states (TSSs) of the QNL are extended in the entire Brillouin zone. A linear relationship between the density of states of the TSSs and the Gibbs free energy is established in Na2CdSn. Remarkably, the best performance of Na2CdSn can be comparable to that of the noble metal Pt. Therefore, our work not only identifies an innovative type of topological catalyst with a QNL state but also confirms the relationship between TSSs and catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zeqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Weizhen Meng
- College of Physics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and Application, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Xuefang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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2
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Pedergnana T, Faure-Beaulieu A, Fleury R, Noiray N. Loss-compensated non-reciprocal scattering based on synchronization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7436. [PMID: 39198417 PMCID: PMC11358402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Breaking the reciprocity of wave propagation is a problem of fundamental interest, and a much-sought functionality in practical applications, both in photonics and phononics. Although it has been achieved using resonant linear scattering from cavities with broken time-reversal symmetry, such realizations have remained inescapably plagued by inherent passivity constraints, which make absorption losses unavoidable, leading to stringent limitations in transmitted power. In this work, we solve this problem by converting the cavity resonance into a limit cycle, exploiting the uncharted interplay between non-linearity, gain, and non-reciprocity. Remarkably, strong enough incident waves can synchronize with these self-sustained oscillations and use their energy for amplification. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that this mechanism can simultaneously enhance non-reciprocity and compensate absorption. Real-world acoustic scattering experiments allow us to observe non-reciprocal transmission of audible sound in a synchronization-based three-port circulator with full immunity against losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemo Pedergnana
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Abel Faure-Beaulieu
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Fleury
- Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, EPFL, Vaud, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Noiray
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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3
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Qin H, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Fleury R. Anomalous-Chern Steering of Topological Nonreciprocal Guided Waves. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401716. [PMID: 38697614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Nonreciprocal topological edge states based on external magnetic bias have been regarded as the last resort for genuine unidirectional wave transport, showing superior robustness over topological states with preserved time-reversal symmetry. However, fast and efficient reconfigurability of their trajectory has remained a formidable challenge due to the difficulty in controlling the spatial distribution of magnetic fields over large areas and short times. Here, this persistent issue is solved by leveraging the rich topology of unitary scattering networks, and achieve fast steering of nonreciprocal topological transport at an interface between a Chern and an anomalous topological insulator, without having to control a magnetic field. Such interface can be drawn by doping the network with scatterers located at the center of each link, whose level of reflection is electrically tuned. With experiments in the GHz range, the possibility to actively steer the way of unidirectional edge states is demonstrated, switching the transmission path thousands of times per second in a fully-robust topological heterostructure. The approach represents a significant step towards the realization of practical reconfigurable topological meta-devices with broken time-reversal symmetry, and their application to future robust communication technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoye Qin
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Qiaolu Chen
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Zhechen Zhang
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Romain Fleury
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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4
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Auriemma F. Low-frequency non-reciprocal sound propagation features in thermoacoustic waveguide. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 156:314-325. [PMID: 38990036 DOI: 10.1121/10.0026453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Thermoacoustic waveguides are systems of hollow tubes and thermally graded porous segments that can operate as active materials where acoustic waves receive energy from an external heat source. This work demonstrates that by adjusting the pore geometry several unique low-frequency propagation features arise from the complex-valued band structure of periodic thermoacoustic waveguides that reflect into the acoustic pressure field within finite-length systems. Numerical methods have been employed to model waveguides with porous segments constituted by cylindrical inclusions (parallel pins). In periodic structures, a critical frequency emerges where the sign of the refractive index in one direction of propagation changes, thus zero- and negative-unidirectional refractive index, unidirectional energy transport, and amplification/attenuation crossover effects may take place. On the other hand, the study of the acoustic pressure field shows that, for wave packets with either direction of propagation, finite-length waveguides may behave as active acoustic metamaterials with zero- or negative-refractive index. The acoustic pressure field in the waveguide, generated by an upstream source, may exhibit increasing amplitude and phase recovery farther away from the source, mimicking the field created by a downstream source, propagating upstream in a non-active medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Auriemma
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology-TalTech, Tallinn, 19086, Estonia
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5
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Chen Q, Zhang Z, Qin H, Bossart A, Yang Y, Chen H, Fleury R. Anomalous and Chern topological waves in hyperbolic networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2293. [PMID: 38480697 PMCID: PMC10937626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperbolic lattices are a new type of synthetic materials based on regular tessellations in non-Euclidean spaces with constant negative curvature. While so far, there has been several theoretical investigations of hyperbolic topological media, experimental work has been limited to time-reversal invariant systems made of coupled discrete resonances, leaving the more interesting case of robust, unidirectional edge wave transport completely unobserved. Here, we report a non-reciprocal hyperbolic network that exhibits both Chern and anomalous chiral edge modes, and implement it on a planar microwave platform. We experimentally evidence the unidirectional character of the topological edge modes by direct field mapping. We demonstrate the topological origin of these hyperbolic chiral edge modes by an explicit topological invariant measurement, performed from external probes. Our work extends the reach of topological wave physics by allowing for backscattering-immune transport in materials with synthetic non-Euclidean behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolu Chen
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Haoye Qin
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksi Bossart
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yihao Yang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Romain Fleury
- Laboratory of Wave Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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6
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Sol J, Röntgen M, Del Hougne P. Covert Scattering Control in Metamaterials with Non-Locally Encoded Hidden Symmetry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2303891. [PMID: 37726008 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Symmetries and tunability are of fundamental importance in wave scattering control, but symmetries are often obvious upon visual inspection, which constitutes a significant vulnerability of metamaterial wave devices to reverse-engineering risks. Here, it is theoretically and experimentally shown that a symmetry in the reduced basis of the "primary meta-atoms" that are directly connected to the outside world is sufficient; meanwhile, a suitable topology of non-local interactions between them, mediated by the internal "secondary" meta-atoms, can hide the symmetry from sight in the canonical basis. Covert symmetry-based scattering control in a cable-network metamaterial featuring a hidden parity ( P $\mathcal {P}$ ) symmetry in combination with hidden- P $\mathcal {P}$ -symmetry-preserving and hidden- P $\mathcal {P}$ -symmetry-breaking tuning mechanisms is experimentally demonstrated. Physical-layer security in wired communications is achieved using the domain-wise hidden P $\mathcal {P}$ -symmetry as a shared secret between the sender and the legitimate receiver. Within the approximation of negligible absorption, the first tuning of a complex scattering metamaterial without mirror symmetry to feature exceptional points (EPs) of PT $\mathcal {PT}$ -symmetric reflectionless states, as well as quasi-bound states in the continuum, is reported. These results are reproduced in metamaterials involving non-reciprocal interactions between meta-atoms, including the first observation of reflectionless EPs in a non-reciprocal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Sol
- INSA Rennes, CNRS, IETR-UMR 6164, F-35000, Rennes, France
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7
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Wang L, Martínez JAI, Ulliac G, Wang B, Laude V, Kadic M. Non-reciprocal and non-Newtonian mechanical metamaterials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4778. [PMID: 37553322 PMCID: PMC10409733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Newtonian liquids are characterized by stress and velocity-dependent dynamical response. In elasticity, and in particular, in the field of phononics, reciprocity in the equations acts against obtaining a directional response for passive media. Active stimuli-responsive materials have been conceived to overcome it. Significantly, Milton and Willis have shown theoretically in 2007 that quasi-rigid bodies containing masses at resonance can display a very rich dynamical behavior, hence opening a route toward the design of non-reciprocal and non-Newtonian metamaterials. In this paper, we design a solid structure that displays unidirectional shock resistance, thus going beyond Newton's second law in analogy to non-Newtonian fluids. We design the mechanical metamaterial with finite element analysis and fabricate it using three-dimensional printing at the centimetric scale (with fused deposition modeling) and at the micrometric scale (with two-photon lithography). The non-Newtonian elastic response is measured via dynamical velocity-dependent experiments. Reversing the direction of the impact, we further highlight the intrinsic non-reciprocal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P.R. China
- Université Franche-Comté, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Besançon, 25000, France
| | | | - Gwenn Ulliac
- Université Franche-Comté, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Besançon, 25000, France
| | - Bing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, P.R. China.
| | - Vincent Laude
- Université Franche-Comté, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Besançon, 25000, France
| | - Muamer Kadic
- Université Franche-Comté, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, Besançon, 25000, France.
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8
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Ju R, Xu G, Xu L, Qi M, Wang D, Cao PC, Xi R, Shou Y, Chen H, Qiu CW, Li Y. Convective Thermal Metamaterials: Exploring High-Efficiency, Directional, and Wave-Like Heat Transfer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209123. [PMID: 36621882 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Convective thermal metamaterials are artificial structures where convection dominates in the thermal process. Due to the field coupling between velocity and temperature, convection provides a new knob for controlling heat transfer beyond pure conduction, thus allowing active and robust thermal modulations. With the introduced convective effects, the original parabolic Fourier heat equation for pure conduction can be transformed to hyperbolic. Therefore, the hybrid diffusive system can be interpreted in a wave-like fashion, reviving many wave phenomena in dissipative diffusion. Here, recent advancements in convective thermal metamaterials are reviewed and the state-of-the-art discoveries are classified into the following four aspects, enhancing heat transfer, porous-media-based thermal effects, nonreciprocal heat transfer, and non-Hermitian phenomena. Finally, a prospect is cast on convective thermal metamaterials from two aspects. One is to utilize the convective parameter space to explore topological thermal effects. The other is to further broaden the convective parameter space with spatiotemporal modulation and multi-physical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ju
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Liujun Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minghong Qi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Pei-Chao Cao
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Rui Xi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Yifan Shou
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Ying Li
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321099, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
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9
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Xi X, Yan B, Yang L, Meng Y, Zhu ZX, Chen JM, Wang Z, Zhou P, Shum PP, Yang Y, Chen H, Mandal S, Liu GG, Zhang B, Gao Z. Topological antichiral surface states in a magnetic Weyl photonic crystal. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1991. [PMID: 37031270 PMCID: PMC10082803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral edge states that propagate oppositely at two parallel strip edges are a hallmark feature of Chern insulators which were first proposed in the celebrated two-dimensional (2D) Haldane model. Subsequently, counterintuitive antichiral edge states that propagate in the same direction at two parallel strip edges were discovered in a 2D modified Haldane model. Recently, chiral surface states, the 2D extension of one-dimensional (1D) chiral edge states, have also been observed in a photonic analogue of a 3D Haldane model. However, despite many recent advances in antichiral edge states and chiral surface states, antichiral surface states, the 2D extension of 1D antichiral edge states, have never been realized in any physical system. Here, we report the experimental observation of antichiral surface states by constructing a 3D modified Haldane model in a magnetic Weyl photonic crystal with two pairs of frequency-shifted Weyl points (WPs). The 3D magnetic Weyl photonic crystal consists of gyromagnetic cylinders with opposite magnetization in different triangular sublattices of a 3D honeycomb lattice. Using microwave field-mapping measurements, unique properties of antichiral surface states have been observed directly, including the antichiral robust propagation, tilted surface dispersion, a single open Fermi arc connecting two projected WPs and a single Fermi loop winding around the surface Brillouin zone (BZ). These results extend the scope of antichiral topological states and enrich the family of magnetic Weyl semimetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xi
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bei Yan
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linyun Yang
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen-Xiao Zhu
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Ming Chen
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiheng Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, Key Laboratory of Multi-spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Perry Ping Shum
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihao Yang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Subhaskar Mandal
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Gui-Geng Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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10
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Chen Y, Abouelatta MAA, Wang K, Kadic M, Wegener M. Nonlocal Cable-Network Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209988. [PMID: 36655553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials are artificial materials in which the atoms of ordinary solids are replaced by tailored functional building blocks. Therefore, previous work has emphasized tailoring the inside of the building blocks, for example, by exploiting local resonances, to realize unusual effective metamaterial properties. However, the wave properties of a metamaterial are not only determined by its building blocks but also by the interactions between these building blocks. Here, reconfigurable "plug-and-play" electromagnetic metamaterials are introduced for which the building blocks are essentially trivial standard bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC) connectors and the effective metamaterial properties are solely achieved by tailoring the local and especially the nonlocal interactions mediated by standard coaxial cables. Unprecedented dispersion relations of the lowest band with multiple regions of slow waves and backward waves are demonstrated. Importantly, the dispersion relation of such metamaterials dominated by nonlocal interactions is not limited by the principle of causality in the same way as for metamaterials designed by local resonances of building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mahmoud A A Abouelatta
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Composite Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Muamer Kadic
- Institut FEMTO-ST, UMR 6174, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Zhang Z, Delplace P, Fleury R. Anomalous topological waves in strongly amorphous scattering networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3186. [PMID: 36947614 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Topological insulators are crystalline materials that have revolutionized our ability to control wave transport. They provide us with unidirectional channels that are immune to obstacles, defects, or local disorder and can even survive some random deformations of their crystalline structures. However, they always break down when the level of disorder or amorphism gets too large, transitioning to a topologically trivial Anderson insulating phase. We demonstrate a two-dimensional amorphous topological regime that survives arbitrarily strong levels of amorphism. We implement it for electromagnetic waves in a nonreciprocal scattering network and experimentally demonstrate the existence of unidirectional edge transport in the strong amorphous limit. This edge transport is shown to be mediated by an anomalous edge state whose topological origin is evidenced by direct topological invariant measurements. Our findings extend the reach of topological physics to a class of systems in which strong amorphism can induce, enhance, and guarantee the topological edge transport instead of impeding it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratory of Wave Engineering, Station 11, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Delplace
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Romain Fleury
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratory of Wave Engineering, Station 11, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Adiyatullin AF, Upreti LK, Lechevalier C, Evain C, Copie F, Suret P, Randoux S, Delplace P, Amo A. Topological Properties of Floquet Winding Bands in a Photonic Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:056901. [PMID: 36800474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.056901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of synthetic materials characterized by more than one class of topological invariants is one of the current challenges of solid-state based and synthetic materials. Using a synthetic photonic lattice implemented in a two-coupled ring system we engineer an anomalous Floquet metal that is gapless in the bulk and shows simultaneously two different topological properties. On the one hand, this synthetic lattice presents bands characterized by a winding number. The winding emerges from the breakup of inversion symmetry, and it directly relates to the appearance of Bloch suboscillations within its bulk. On the other hand, the Floquet nature of the lattice results in well-known anomalous insulating phases with topological edge states. The combination of broken inversion symmetry and periodic time modulation studied here enriches the variety of topological phases available in lattices subject to Floquet driving and suggests the possible emergence of novel phases when periodic modulation is combined with the breakup of spatial symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert F Adiyatullin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lavi K Upreti
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Corentin Lechevalier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Clement Evain
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Francois Copie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Suret
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stephane Randoux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Delplace
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de physique (UMR CNRS 5672), F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Alberto Amo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
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13
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Sun H, Liu X, Zhao L, Feng X, Fan X, Qiu C. Observation of Acoustic Non-Hermitian Bloch Braids and Associated Topological Phase Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:017201. [PMID: 36669209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.017201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Topological features embedded in ancient braiding and knotting arts endow significant impacts on our daily life and even cutting-edge science. Recently, fast growing efforts are invested to the braiding topology of complex Bloch bands in non-Hermitian systems. This new classification of band topology goes far beyond those established in Hermitian counterparts. Here, we present the first acoustic realization of the topological non-Hermitian Bloch braids, based on a two-band model easily accessible for realizing any desired knot structure. The non-Hermitian bands are synthesized by a simple binary cavity-tube system, where the long-range, complex-valued, and momentum-resolved couplings are accomplished by a well-controlled unidirectional coupler. In addition to directly visualizing various two-band braiding patterns, we unambiguously observe the highly elusive topological phase transitions between them. Not only do our results provide a direct demonstration for the non-Hermitian band topology, but also the experimental techniques open new avenues for designing unconventional acoustic metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huanfa Sun
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Luekai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chunyin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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14
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Xu Q, Peng Y, Yan B, Shi A, Peng P, Xie J, Liu J. Multiband topological states in the Penrose-triangle photonic crystals. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:101-104. [PMID: 36563382 DOI: 10.1364/ol.477077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The topological edge state (TES) and topological corner state (TCS) in photonic crystals (PCs) provide effective ways to manipulate the propagation of light. To improve the performance and integration of topological photonic devices, the realization of multiband topological states by PCs combined with quasi-periodic structure needs to be urgently explored. In this Letter, a Penrose-triangle (P-T) PC, which arranges the basic structural unit of a 12-fold Penrose-type photonic quasi-crystal (PQC) in a triangular lattice, is proposed. The TES and TCS at low- and high-frequency bands can be generated in the same structure, accompanied by the realization of three groups of TCSs. This will provide a new structure for the generation of TESs and TCSs in PCs, and will provide a new way to improve the performance and integration of topological photonic devices.
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15
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Generating Many Majorana Corner Modes and Multiple Phase Transitions in Floquet Second-Order Topological Superconductors. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A d-dimensional, nth-order topological insulator or superconductor has localized eigenmodes at its (d−n)-dimensional boundaries (n≤d). In this work, we apply periodic driving fields to two-dimensional superconductors, and obtain a wide variety of Floquet second-order topological superconducting (SOTSC) phases with many Majorana corner modes at both zero and π quasienergies. Two distinct Floquet SOTSC phases are found to be separated by three possible kinds of transformations, i.e., a topological phase transition due to the closing/reopening of a bulk spectral gap, a topological phase transition due to the closing/reopening of an edge spectral gap, or an entirely different phase in which the bulk spectrum is gapless. Thanks to the strong interplay between driving and intrinsic energy scales of the system, all the found phases and transitions are highly controllable via tuning a single hopping parameter of the system. Our discovery not only enriches the possible forms of Floquet SOTSC phases, but also offers an efficient scheme to generate many coexisting Majorana zero and π corner modes, which may find applications in Floquet quantum computation.
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Zheng S, Man X, Kong ZL, Lin ZK, Duan G, Chen N, Yu D, Jiang JH, Xia B. Observation of fractal higher-order topological states in acoustic metamaterials. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:2069-2075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chen J, Li ZY. Prediction and Observation of Robust One-Way Bulk States in a Gyromagnetic Photonic Crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:257401. [PMID: 35802448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.257401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a two-dimensional heterogeneous Haldane model composed of alternately stacking modified Haldane lattices with opposite next-nearest-neighbor hoppings, and predict the emergence of robust one-way bulk states by an ab initio theoretical calculation. These unique bulk states transport unidirectionally and are robust against backscattering from impurities in the strip bulk. By analogy with the heterogeneous Haldane model, we further confirm by numerical simulations and experimental measurements the existence of robust one-way bulk states in a two-dimensional microwave gyromagnetic photonic crystal, and demonstrate their robust one-way property over a long-distance even in the presence of metallic obstacles. Our study provides the strong support for the generalization and application of band theories to fermionic and bosonic systems, and paves a way for the implementation of high-throughput robust energy transmission materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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