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Bennedsen M, Hillebrand E, Koopman SJ. A regression-based approach to the CO 2 airborne fraction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8507. [PMID: 39353966 PMCID: PMC11445245 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The global fraction of anthropogenically emitted carbon dioxide (CO2) that stays in the atmosphere, the CO2 airborne fraction, has been fluctuating around a constant value over the period 1959 to 2022. The consensus estimate of the airborne fraction is around 44%. In this study, we show that the conventional estimator of the airborne fraction, based on a ratio of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and CO2 emissions, suffers from a number of statistical deficiencies. We propose an alternative regression-based estimator of the airborne fraction that does not suffer from these deficiencies. Our empirical analysis leads to an estimate of the airborne fraction over 1959-2022 of 47.0% (± 1.1%; 1σ), implying a higher, and better constrained, estimate than the current consensus. Using climate model output, we show that a regression-based approach provides sensible estimates of the airborne fraction, also in future scenarios where emissions are at or near zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bennedsen
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark.
- Center for Research in Energy: Economics and Markets (CoRE), Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark.
| | - Eric Hillebrand
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark
- Center for Research in Energy: Economics and Markets (CoRE), Aarhus University, Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Siem Jan Koopman
- Department of Econometrics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Xu J, Qin Y, Xiao D, Li R, Zhang H. The impact of industrial land mismatch on carbon emissions in resource-based cities under environmental regulatory constraints-evidence from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:56860-56872. [PMID: 37632623 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Achieving carbon neutrality has become a global common goal. For China, to reach peak carbon emissions and long-term carbon neutrality, the transformation and development of resource-based cities are essential. This study uses data from 114 prefecture-level resource-based cities from 2008 to 2019 as a sample and empirically tests the impact of industrial land mismatch on carbon emissions using the fixed effects model. In addition, we analyze the heterogeneous influence of environmental regulation as a moderating effect on resource-based cities at different development stages. The study reveals that (1) there is a significant positive correlation between the imbalance in industrial land supply in resource-based cities and carbon emissions. The more severe the imbalance, the higher the carbon emissions. The improper supply mode of industrial land is also positively correlated with carbon emissions, although the impact is not significant. (2) Environmental regulation can significantly curb the carbon emission issues caused by the mismatch and imbalance in the scale of industrial land supply and the improper supply mode of industrial land. (3) Compared to strong resource-based cities, weak resource-security cities have a smaller impact on carbon emissions due to an imbalance in the supply of industrial land. This is mainly because resources in weak resource-security cities are becoming exhausted, making "ecology first, green and low carbon" the main tune for economic and social development. Both types of cities show a positive correlation between the improper supply of industrial land and carbon emissions, although neither is significant. (4) The intensity of the regulatory effect of environmental regulations on resource-based cities is influenced by resource abundance. The suppression of carbon emissions by environmental regulations is more apparent in strong resource-security cities than in weak resource-security cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Xu
- School of Public Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Institute for Maritime Silk Road and Guangxi Regional Development, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yun Qin
- School of Public Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- School of Natural Resources and Surveying, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530100, China.
| | - Deheng Xiao
- School of Government Management, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100105, China
| | - Ruihong Li
- Institute for Maritime Silk Road and Guangxi Regional Development, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hexiong Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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3
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Zhu Z, Yang L, Xiong Z, Liu D, Hu B, Wang N, Ola O, Zhu Y. SiC@FeZnZiF as a Bifunctional Catalyst with Catalytic Activating PMS and Photoreducing Carbon Dioxide. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101664. [PMID: 37242081 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we encapsulated modified silicon carbide nanoparticles utilizing a metal-organic backbone. E-SiC-FeZnZIF composites were successfully prepared via Fe doping. The catalysis activity of this bifunctional composite material was evaluated by the degradation of tetracycline (THC) and carbamazepine (CBZ) and the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). Nano SiC has received widespread attention in advanced oxidation applications, especially in the catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). However, the inferior activity of SiC has severely restricted its practical use. In this study of dual functional composite materials, nano SiC was firstly etched under aqueous alkali. Then, zeolite imidazolate frame-8 (ZIF-8) was used for immobilization. The filling of the etched nano SiC with FeZnZiF was confirmed by SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, and XPS analyses. In addition, E-SiC-FeZnZIF exhibited excellent catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to oxidize water pollutants, which can degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (THC), achieving a removal rate of 72% within 60 min. Moreover, E-SiC-FeZnZIF exhibited a relatively high CO2 reduction rate with H2O. The yields of CO and CH4 were 0.085 and 0.509 μmol g-1, respectively, after 2 h, which are higher than that of 50 nm of commercial SiC (CO: 0.084 μmol g-1; CH4: 0.209 μmol g-1). This work provides a relatively convenient synthesis path for constructing metal skeleton composites for advanced oxidation and photocatalytic applications. This will have practical significance in protecting water bodies and reducing CO2, which are vital not only for maintaining the natural ecological balance and negative feedback regulation, but also for creating a new application carrier based on nano silicon carbide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liaoliao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhaodong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Daohan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Oluwafunmilola Ola
- Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
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4
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Bennedsen M, Hillebrand E, Koopman SJ. On the evidence of a trend in the CO 2 airborne fraction. Nature 2023; 616:E1-E3. [PMID: 37045925 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bennedsen
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Eric Hillebrand
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Siem Jan Koopman
- Department of Econometrics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Yang F, He F, Li S, Li M, Wu P. A new estimation of carbon emissions from land use and land cover change in China over the past 300 years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160963. [PMID: 36529396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Scientific estimation of carbon emissions induced by historical land use and land cover change (LUCC) can improve the accuracy of terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget estimates and deepen understanding of the future carbon-sink potential of terrestrial ecosystems. The present study, using historical-document-based data for provincial cropland, forest, and grassland area in China, and experimental-data-based information for provincial vegetation and soil organic carbon density, re-estimates China's LUCC-induced carbon emissions for 1700-1980 using a bookkeeping model in which we updated tabulated functions for carbon losses and gains. The past 300 years have witnessed a dramatic LUCC in China. The cropland area has increased by 67.11 million ha, while the forest and grassland areas have decreased by 127.96 million ha and 16.72 million ha, respectively. Accordingly, the net carbon emissions for 1700-1980 are 6.17-12.35 Pg C, with 8.55 Pg C in the moderate scenario. Among the contributing factors, deforestation was the largest carbon source, accounting for over 90 % of the total carbon emissions. According to our estimates, over 70 % of carbon emissions were caused by harvesting wood, while <30 % were from converting forest and grassland to cropland. Spatially, for the whole period, carbon emissions in southwestern China (Chuan-Yu, Yunnan, and Guangxi), northeastern China (Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang), and parts of northwestern China (Gan-Ning, Qinghai, and Xinjiang) were as high as 6.03 Pg C, accounting for 70 % of the total carbon emissions. Extending previous studies, we updated the historical LUCC data, carbon density data, and tabulated functions for carbon losses and gains. The estimation results objectively reveal the historical spatiotemporal changes in LUCC-induced emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Fanneng He
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shicheng Li
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Meijiao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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6
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Labrière N, Davies SJ, Disney MI, Duncanson LI, Herold M, Lewis SL, Phillips OL, Quegan S, Saatchi SS, Schepaschenko DG, Scipal K, Sist P, Chave J. Toward a forest biomass reference measurement system for remote sensing applications. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:827-840. [PMID: 36270799 PMCID: PMC10099565 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Forests contribute to climate change mitigation through carbon storage and uptake, but the extent to which this carbon pool varies in space and time is still poorly known. Several Earth Observation missions have been specifically designed to address this issue, for example, NASA's GEDI, NASA-ISRO's NISAR and ESA's BIOMASS. Yet, all these missions' products require independent and consistent validation. A permanent, global, in situ, site-based forest biomass reference measurement system relying on ground data of the highest possible quality is therefore needed. Here, we have assembled a list of almost 200 high-quality sites through an in-depth review of the literature and expert knowledge. In this study, we explore how representative these sites are in terms of their coverage of environmental conditions, geographical space and biomass-related forest structure, compared to those experienced by forests worldwide. This work also aims at identifying which sites are the most representative, and where to invest to improve the representativeness of the proposed system. We show that the environmental coverage of the system does not seem to improve after at least the 175 most representative sites are included, but geographical and structural coverages continue to improve as more sites are added. We highlight the areas of poor environmental, geographical, or structural coverage, including, but not limited to, Canada, the western half of the USA, Mexico, Patagonia, Angola, Zambia, eastern Russia, and tropical and subtropical highlands (e.g. in Colombia, the Himalayas, Borneo, Papua). For the proposed system to succeed, we stress that (1) data must be collected and processed applying the same standards across all countries and continents; (2) system establishment and management must be inclusive and equitable, with careful consideration of working conditions; and (3) training and site partner involvement in downstream activities should be mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Labrière
- Evolution and Biological Diversity (EDB)CNRS/IRD/UPSToulouseFrance
| | - Stuart J. Davies
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Mathias I. Disney
- Department of GeographyUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
- NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO)LondonUK
| | - Laura I. Duncanson
- Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Martin Herold
- GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdamBrandenburgGermany
| | - Simon L. Lewis
- Department of GeographyUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Shaun Quegan
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Sassan S. Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dmitry G. Schepaschenko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)LaxenburgAustria
- Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | | | | | - Jérôme Chave
- Evolution and Biological Diversity (EDB)CNRS/IRD/UPSToulouseFrance
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7
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Dohner JL, Birner B, Schwartzman A, Pongratz J, Keeling RF. Using the atmospheric CO 2 growth rate to constrain the CO 2 flux from land use and land cover change since 1900. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:7327-7339. [PMID: 36117409 PMCID: PMC9825867 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We explore the ability of the atmospheric CO2 record since 1900 to constrain the source of CO2 from land use and land cover change (hereafter "land use"), taking account of uncertainties in other terms in the global carbon budget. We find that the atmospheric constraint favors land use CO2 flux estimates with lower decadal variability and can identify potentially erroneous features, such as emission peaks around 1960 and after 2000, in some published estimates. Furthermore, we resolve an offset in the global carbon budget that is most plausibly attributed to the land use flux. This correction shifts the mean land use flux since 1900 across 20 published estimates down by 0.35 PgC year-1 to 1.04 ± 0.57 PgC year-1 , which is within the range but at the low end of these estimates. We show that the atmospheric CO2 record can provide insights into the time history of the land use flux that may reduce uncertainty in this term and improve current understanding and projections of the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. Dohner
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Benjamin Birner
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Armin Schwartzman
- Division of BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Julia Pongratz
- Department of GeographyLudwig‐Maximilians UniversitätMünchenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for MeteorologyHamburgGermany
| | - Ralph F. Keeling
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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8
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Wang S, Sun P, Sun H, Liu Q, Liu S, Lu D. Spatiotemporal Variations of Carbon Emissions and Their Driving Factors in the Yellow River Basin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12884. [PMID: 36232186 PMCID: PMC9566256 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is a significant area of economic development and ecological protection in China. Scientifically clarifying the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon emissions and their driving factors is of great significance. Using the methods of spatial autocorrelation analysis, hot-spot analysis, and a geodetector, the analysis framework of spatiotemporal differentiation and the driving factors of carbon emissions in the YRB was constructed in this paper from three aspects: natural environment, social economy, and regional policy. Three main results were found: (1) The carbon emissions in the YRB increased gradually from 2000 to 2020, and the growth rates of carbon emissions in the different river reaches were upper reaches > middle reaches > lower reaches. (2) Carbon emissions have an obvious spatial clustering character from 2000-2020, when hot spots were concentrated in the transition area from the Inner Mongolia Plateau to the Loess Plateau. The cold spots of carbon emissions tended to be concentrated in the junction area of Qinghai, Gansu, and Shaanxi. (3) From 2000 to 2020, the driving factors of spatial differentiation of carbon emissions in the YRB and its different reaches tended to be diversified, so the impacts of socioeconomic factors increased, while the impacts of natural environmental factors decreased. The influence of the interactions of each driving factor showed double factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement. This study will provide a scientific reference for green and low-carbon development, emphasizing the need to pay more attention to environmental protection, develop the green economy vigorously, and promote the economic cycle, so as to achieve green development and reduce carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Piling Sun
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
- RiZhao Key Laboratory of Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Construction, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Huiying Sun
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Qingguo Liu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Da Lu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
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9
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Ma H. Spatiotemporal analysis of land use changes and their trade-offs on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1016774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented urbanization recently has inevitably intensified the changes in land use morphology. However, current studies on land use primarily analyze a single morphology, ignoring the relationships between different land use morphologies. Taking the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM) as the study area, this article quantifies the spatiotemporal pattern of land use change, and estimates trade-offs and synergies between dominant (patch density, largest patch index, and landscape shape index) and recessive (land use efficiency, land use intensity, and agricultural non-point source pollution) morphologies to fully understand the dynamic characteristics of land use. Results showed bare areas and grassland were always predominant land use types, and land use change from 1990 to 2020 was characterized by the increase of impervious surfaces and the decrease of bare areas. The strongest trade-off was found between largest patch index and land use intensity, while the synergy between landscape shape index and land use intensity was strongest. There are significant disparities in terms of temporal and spatial patterns of trade-offs/synergies. The correlation coefficients in different study periods were much smaller than their estimations in the whole region, and the trade-offs/synergies in the eastern NSTM were basically identical with the whole relationships. The findings reveal the interactions among various land use characteristics, and provide significant references for coordinated land management and regional high-quality development.
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Yue D, Sarkar A, Guang C. Impacts of Incentive and Disincentive Mechanisms for Ensuring Environmentally Friendly Livestock Waste Management. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2121. [PMID: 36009712 PMCID: PMC9404974 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally friendly waste management (EFWM) is a safer way of waste disposal that can foster a cleaner environment for both farms and their surroundings. It may lessen land, air, and water pollution, as well as moderate ecological footprints, and aid in sustainable agricultural development, which has become one of the major concerns of the modern era. To achieve these outcomes, incentives and control mechanisms initiated by the government may alter farmers' behavior. The study involved a review of relevant literature and the conduct of interviews with 499 pig breeders to evaluate the impacts of government incentives and control mechanisms on fostering the adoption of environmentally friendly waste management practices by farmers. A theoretical framework based on existing studies is proposed, utilizing a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to analyze the data and illustrate the relationships among incentives and control mechanisms. The results show that: (i) overall the impacts of incentive mechanisms were stronger and more effective than those of control mechanisms. Among them, subsidy policy and discount policy were the most influential for farmers' adoption behavior. However, penalty and disincentive policy also impacted the outcome variables; (ii) a significant relationship was observed among regulatory, disincentive, and subsidy policies and a moderate relationship among penalty, insurance, and discount policies. However, bonus-community service and social critic policies did not show any significant relationship with any other variables. The research findings can assist the Chinese government in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of two crucial mechanisms and promoting the adoption of environmentally friendly practices by farmers. The government should highlight and strengthen the importance of social obligations and orientation, as well as providing monetary support at the rural level to improve farmers' ability to adapt to environmentally friendly waste management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Yue
- School of Management, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Apurbo Sarkar
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chen Guang
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Xianyang 712100, China
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11
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Land Use Transition and Eco-Environmental Effects in Karst Mountain Area Based on Production-Living-Ecological Space: A Case Study of Longlin Multinational Autonomous County, Southwest China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137587. [PMID: 35805240 PMCID: PMC9265450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The linkage mechanisms and optimization strategies between land use transition and eco-environmental effects that occur in the production-living-ecological space of karst mountain areas remain under-explored in the current literature. Based on county data collected in Longlin Multinational Autonomous County of Guangxi, which is located in the rocky desertification area of Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou, this study contributes a county-level analysis on land use transition and eco-environmental effects by addressing two research questions: (1) Which factors of land use transition are related to the eco-environmental effects of production-living-ecological space? (2) What are the key land allocation mechanisms behind the interventions of local rocky desertification regulation policies? We conducted two sets of analyses to answer these two questions: quantitative analyses of the spatial and temporal evolution between land use transition, rocky desertification, and its eco-environmental effects, and qualitative analyses of policy interventions on production-living-ecological land development and rocky desertification management. The findings show that the occurrence of rocky desertification accompanied by unreasonable land use structure transition and its important factor is caused by ecological land being restricted by production-living land. Specifically, urbanization strategies coordinating ecological and socio-economic effects is significant to karst mountain areas. Moreover, the orderly increase of woodland slows down rocky desertification. Policies of “returning farmland to forest” and “afforestation of wasteland” have significantly reduced rocky desertification that can be applied to other geographical situations.
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