1
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Catarina G, Turco E, Krane N, Bommert M, Ortega-Guerrero A, Gröning O, Ruffieux P, Fasel R, Pignedoli CA. Conformational Tuning of Magnetic Interactions in Coupled Nanographenes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:12536-12544. [PMID: 39348224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Phenalenyl (C13H9) is an open-shell spin-1/2 nanographene. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS), covalently bonded phenalenyl dimers have been shown to feature conductance steps associated with singlet-triplet excitations of a spin-1/2 dimer with antiferromagnetic exchange. Here, we address the possibility of tuning the magnitude of the exchange interactions by varying the dihedral angle between the two molecules within a dimer. Theoretical methods ranging from density functional theory calculations to many-body model Hamiltonians solved within different levels of approximation are used to explain STM-IETS measurements of phenalenyl dimers on a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)/Rh(111) surface, which exhibit signatures of twisting. By means of first-principles calculations, we also propose strategies to induce sizable twist angles in surface-adsorbed phenalenyl dimers via functional groups, including a photoswitchable scheme. This work paves the way toward tuning magnetic couplings in carbon-based spin chains and two-dimensional lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Catarina
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elia Turco
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nils Krane
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Max Bommert
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andres Ortega-Guerrero
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gröning
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa─Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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2
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Wang H, Fan P, Chen J, Jiang L, Gao HJ, Lado JL, Yang K. Construction of topological quantum magnets from atomic spins on surfaces. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01775-2. [PMID: 39209998 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Artificial quantum systems have emerged as platforms to realize topological matter in a well-controlled manner. So far, experiments have mostly explored non-interacting topological states, and the realization of many-body topological phases in solid-state platforms with atomic resolution has remained challenging. Here we construct topological quantum Heisenberg spin lattices by assembling spin chains and two-dimensional spin arrays from spin-1/2 Ti atoms on an insulating MgO film in a scanning tunnelling microscope. We engineer both topological and trivial phases of the quantum spin model and thereby realize first- and second-order topological quantum magnets. We probe the many-body excitations of the quantum magnets by single-atom electron spin resonance with an energy resolution better than 100 neV. Making use of the atomically localized magnetic field of the scanning tunnelling microscope tip, we visualize various many-body topological bound modes including topological edge states, topological defects and higher-order corner modes. Our results provide a bottom-up approach for the simulation of exotic quantum many-body phases of interacting spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jose L Lado
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Kai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Devanarayanan B. Topological tight binding models on some non-trivial lattices: union of geometry, flat bands and topology. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:455501. [PMID: 38925132 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad5c32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
We introduce a topological tight binding model based on certain rules that we have formulated to study systems with certain non-trivial bulks. These rules allow us to study bulks that have twists and branching. We discuss certain cases in the SAB model with different number of bands, exhibiting several interesting physical properties. For every bulk there can be two sets of configurations: the orientable and the non-orientable configuration. The later exhibits several non-trivial physical properties like exact flat bands (exactly at particle hole symmetry level), zero energy states localised in the bulk, topological edge states etc. We then discuss a three band non-orientable SAB model which is easy to visualise. We also investigate the effects of disorder (both chiral symmetry preserving and breaking) in the non-orientable configurations hosting flat bands. We find for chiral symmetry preserving disorders, some of them (non-degenerate flat band) are robust to large disorders while others (degenerate flat band) exhibit an insulator to metal transition beyond certain critical disorder strength due to band gap closing as a result of the broadening of the zero energy states. For chiral symmetry breaking disorders, in both the cases the zero energy bulk states broaden and close the gap beyond certain critical disorder strength.
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4
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Różański PT, Bryant GW, Zieliński M. Challenges to extracting spatial information about double P dopants in Si from STM images. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18062. [PMID: 39103369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The design and implementation of dopant-based silicon nanoscale devices rely heavily on knowing precisely the locations of phosphorous dopants in their host crystal. One potential solution combines scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging with atomistic tight-binding simulations to reverse-engineer dopant coordinates. This work shows that such an approach may not be straightforwardly extended to double-dopant systems. We find that the ground (quasi-molecular) state of a pair of coupled phosphorous dopants often cannot be fully explained by the linear combination of single-dopant ground states. Although the contributions from excited single-dopant states are relatively small, they can lead to ambiguity in determining individual dopant positions from a multi-dopant STM image. To overcome that, we exploit knowledge about dopant-pair wave functions and propose a simple yet effective scheme for finding double-dopant positions based on STM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr T Różański
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Garnett W Bryant
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8423, USA
| | - Michał Zieliński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
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5
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Sharma N, Ghonge S, Francisco A, Green D, Toole M, Ruth A, Collins L, Gomes K, Eskildsen M, Jankó B, Liu X. Quantitative Analogue Simulation of Planar Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6658-6664. [PMID: 38770882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic quantum systems provide a pathway for exploring the physics of complex quantum matter in a programmable fashion. This approach becomes particularly advantageous when it comes to systems that are thermodynamically unfavorable. By sculpting the potential landscape of Cu(111) surfaces with carbon monoxide quantum corrals in a cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope, we created analogue simulators of planar organic molecules, including antiaromatic and non-Kekulé species that are generally reactive or unstable. Spectroscopic imaging of such synthetic molecules reveals close replications of molecular orbitals obtained from ab initio calculations of the organic molecules. We further illustrate the quantitative nature of such analogue simulators by faithful extraction of bond orders and global aromaticity indices, which are otherwise technically daunting using real molecules. Our approach therefore sets the stage for new research frontiers pertaining to the quantum physics and chemistry of designer nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nileema Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sushrut Ghonge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anthony Francisco
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David Green
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Matthew Toole
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anthony Ruth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Laura Collins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kenjiro Gomes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Morten Eskildsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Boldizsár Jankó
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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6
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Stock TJZ, Warschkow O, Constantinou PC, Bowler DR, Schofield SR, Curson NJ. Single-Atom Control of Arsenic Incorporation in Silicon for High-Yield Artificial Lattice Fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312282. [PMID: 38380859 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Artificial lattices constructed from individual dopant atoms within a semiconductor crystal hold promise to provide novel materials with tailored electronic, magnetic, and optical properties. These custom-engineered lattices are anticipated to enable new, fundamental discoveries in condensed matter physics and lead to the creation of new semiconductor technologies including analog quantum simulators and universal solid-state quantum computers. This work reports precise and repeatable, substitutional incorporation of single arsenic atoms into a silicon lattice. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy hydrogen resist lithography and a detailed statistical exploration of the chemistry of arsine on the hydrogen-terminated silicon (001) surface are employed to show that single arsenic dopants can be deterministically placed within four silicon lattice sites and incorporated with 97 ± 2% yield. These findings bring closer to the ultimate frontier in semiconductor technology: the deterministic assembly of atomically precise dopant and qubit arrays at arbitrarily large scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Z Stock
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Oliver Warschkow
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Procopios C Constantinou
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - David R Bowler
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Steven R Schofield
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Neil J Curson
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
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7
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High-fidelity initialization and control of multiple nuclear spin qubits in silicon. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:584-585. [PMID: 38337029 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
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8
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Reiner J, Chung Y, Misha SH, Lehner C, Moehle C, Poulos D, Monir S, Charde KJ, Macha P, Kranz L, Thorvaldson I, Thorgrimsson B, Keith D, Hsueh YL, Rahman R, Gorman SK, Keizer JG, Simmons MY. High-fidelity initialization and control of electron and nuclear spins in a four-qubit register. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:605-611. [PMID: 38326467 PMCID: PMC11106007 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Single electron spins bound to multi-phosphorus nuclear spin registers in silicon have demonstrated fast (0.8 ns) two-qubitSWAP gates and long spin relaxation times (~30 s). In these spin registers, when the donors are ionized, the nuclear spins remain weakly coupled to their environment, allowing exceptionally long coherence times. When the electron is present, the hyperfine interaction allows coupling of the spin and charge degrees of freedom for fast qubit operation and control. Here we demonstrate the use of the hyperfine interaction to enact electric dipole spin resonance to realize high-fidelity ( F = 10 0 - 6 + 0 %) initialization of all the nuclear spins within a four-qubit nuclear spin register. By controllably initializing the nuclear spins to⇓ ⇓ ⇓ , we achieve single-electron qubit gate fidelities of F = 99.78 ± 0.07% (Clifford gate fidelities of 99.58 ± 0.14%), above the fault-tolerant threshold for the surface code with a coherence time ofT 2 * = 12 μ s .
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reiner
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Y Chung
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S H Misha
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Lehner
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Moehle
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Poulos
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Monir
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K J Charde
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Macha
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L Kranz
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - I Thorvaldson
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Thorgrimsson
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Keith
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Y L Hsueh
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Rahman
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S K Gorman
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J G Keizer
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Y Simmons
- Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Silicon Quantum Computing Pty Ltd., University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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9
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Ma Y, Yang Q, Qi J, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Zeng Y, Jiang N, Sun Y, Qu K, Fang W, Li Y, Lu X, Zhi C, Qiu J. Surface atom knockout for the active site exposure of alloy catalyst. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319525121. [PMID: 38564637 PMCID: PMC11009663 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319525121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The fine regulation of catalysts by the atomic-level removal of inactive atoms can promote the active site exposure for performance enhancement, whereas suffering from the difficulty in controllably removing atoms using current micro/nano-scale material fabrication technologies. Here, we developed a surface atom knockout method to promote the active site exposure in an alloy catalyst. Taking Cu3Pd alloy as an example, it refers to assemble a battery using Cu3Pd and Zn as cathode and anode, the charge process of which proceeds at about 1.1 V, equal to the theoretical potential difference between Cu2+/Cu and Zn2+/Zn, suggesting the electricity-driven dissolution of Cu atoms. The precise knockout of Cu atoms is confirmed by the linear relationship between the amount of the removed Cu atoms and the battery cumulative specific capacity, which is attributed to the inherent atom-electron-capacity correspondence. We observed the surface atom knockout process at different stages and studied the evolution of the chemical environment. The alloy catalyst achieves a higher current density for oxygen reduction reaction compared to the original alloy and Pt/C. This work provides an atomic fabrication method for material synthesis and regulation toward the wide applications in catalysis, energy, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Jun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yuliang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - You Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Na Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang110036, China
| | - Keqi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Wenhui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Xuejun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
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10
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Xiang F, Huberich L, Vargas PA, Torsi R, Allerbeck J, Tan AMZ, Dong C, Ruffieux P, Fasel R, Gröning O, Lin YC, Hennig RG, Robinson JA, Schuler B. Charge state-dependent symmetry breaking of atomic defects in transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2738. [PMID: 38548739 PMCID: PMC11258346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The functionality of atomic quantum emitters is intrinsically linked to their host lattice coordination. Structural distortions that spontaneously break the lattice symmetry strongly impact their optical emission properties and spin-photon interface. Here we report on the direct imaging of charge state-dependent symmetry breaking of two prototypical atomic quantum emitters in mono- and bilayer MoS2 by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM). By changing the built-in substrate chemical potential, different charge states of sulfur vacancies (VacS) and substitutional rhenium dopants (ReMo) can be stabilized. VacS - 1 as well as ReMo 0 and ReMo - 1 exhibit local lattice distortions and symmetry-broken defect orbitals attributed to a Jahn-Teller effect (JTE) and pseudo-JTE, respectively. By mapping the electronic and geometric structure of single point defects, we disentangle the effects of spatial averaging, charge multistability, configurational dynamics, and external perturbations that often mask the presence of local symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xiang
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Lysander Huberich
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Preston A Vargas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Riccardo Torsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16082, USA
| | - Jonas Allerbeck
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Anne Marie Z Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chengye Dong
- Two-Dimensional Crystal Consortium, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gröning
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Chuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16082, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Richard G Hennig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Joshua A Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16082, USA
- Two-Dimensional Crystal Consortium, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Bruno Schuler
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland.
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11
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Fauseweh B. Quantum many-body simulations on digital quantum computers: State-of-the-art and future challenges. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2123. [PMID: 38459040 PMCID: PMC10923891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Simulating quantum many-body systems is a key application for emerging quantum processors. While analog quantum simulation has already demonstrated quantum advantage, its digital counterpart has recently become the focus of intense research interest due to the availability of devices that aim to realize general-purpose quantum computers. In this perspective, we give a selective overview of the currently pursued approaches, review the advances in digital quantum simulation by comparing non-variational with variational approaches and identify hardware and algorithmic challenges. Based on this review, the question arises: What are the most promising problems that can be tackled with digital quantum simulation? We argue that problems of a qualitative nature are much more suitable for near-term devices then approaches aiming purely for a quantitative accuracy improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Fauseweh
- Institute for Software Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, 51147, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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12
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Pavlova TV, Shevlyuga VM. PBr3 adsorption on a chlorinated Si(100) surface with mono- and bivacancies. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:054701. [PMID: 38299628 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
For the most precise incorporation of single impurities in silicon, which is utilized to create quantum devices, a monolayer of adatoms on the Si(100) surface and a dopant-containing molecule are used. Here, we studied the interaction of phosphorus tribromide with a chlorine monolayer with mono- and bivacancies using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at 77 K. The combination of different halogens in the molecule and the adsorbate layer enabled unambiguous identification of the structures after PBr3 dissociation on Si(100)-Cl. A Cl monolayer was exposed to PBr3 in the STM chamber, which allows us to compare the same surface areas before and after PBr3 adsorption. As a result of this comparison, we detected small changes in the chlorine layer and unraveled the molecular fragments filling mono- and bivacancies. Using density functional theory, we found that the phosphorus atom occupies a bridge position after dissociation of the PBr3 molecule, which primarily bonds with silicon in Cl bivacancies. These findings provide insight into the interaction of a dopant-containing molecule with an adsorbate monolayer on Si(100) and can be applied to improve the process of single impurity incorporation into silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Pavlova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- HSE University, Myasnitskaya Str. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Shevlyuga
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Constantinou P, Stock TJZ, Tseng LT, Kazazis D, Muntwiler M, Vaz CAF, Ekinci Y, Aeppli G, Curson NJ, Schofield SR. EUV-induced hydrogen desorption as a step towards large-scale silicon quantum device patterning. Nat Commun 2024; 15:694. [PMID: 38267459 PMCID: PMC10808421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atomically precise hydrogen desorption lithography using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has enabled the development of single-atom, quantum-electronic devices on a laboratory scale. Scaling up this technology to mass-produce these devices requires bridging the gap between the precision of STM and the processes used in next-generation semiconductor manufacturing. Here, we demonstrate the ability to remove hydrogen from a monohydride Si(001):H surface using extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light. We quantify the desorption characteristics using various techniques, including STM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM). Our results show that desorption is induced by secondary electrons from valence band excitations, consistent with an exactly solvable non-linear differential equation and compatible with the current 13.5 nm (~92 eV) EUV standard for photolithography; the data imply useful exposure times of order minutes for the 300 W sources characteristic of EUV infrastructure. This is an important step towards the EUV patterning of silicon surfaces without traditional resists, by offering the possibility for parallel processing in the fabrication of classical and quantum devices through deterministic doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Procopios Constantinou
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, WC1H 0AH, London, UK.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Taylor J Z Stock
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, WC1H 0AH, London, UK
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Li-Ting Tseng
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carlos A F Vaz
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Yasin Ekinci
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Aeppli
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich (ETHZ), 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Neil J Curson
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, WC1H 0AH, London, UK
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Steven R Schofield
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, WC1H 0AH, London, UK.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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14
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Liu XF, Matsumoto Y, Fujita T, Ludwig A, Wieck AD, Oiwa A. Accelerated Adiabatic Passage of a Single Electron Spin Qubit in Quantum Dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:027002. [PMID: 38277587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.027002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Adiabatic processes can keep the quantum system in its instantaneous eigenstate, which is robust to noises and dissipation. However, it is limited by sufficiently slow evolution. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the transitionless quantum driving (TLQD) of the shortcuts to adiabaticity in gate-defined semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) to greatly accelerate the conventional adiabatic passage for the first time. For a given efficiency of quantum state transfer, the acceleration can be more than twofold. The dynamic properties also prove that the TLQD can guarantee fast and high-fidelity quantum state transfer. In order to compensate for the diabatic errors caused by dephasing noises, the modified TLQD is proposed and demonstrated in experiment by enlarging the width of the counterdiabatic drivings. The benchmarking shows that the state transfer fidelity of 97.8% can be achieved. This work will greatly promote researches and applications about quantum simulations and adiabatic quantum computation based on the gate-defined QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Liu
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuta Matsumoto
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takafumi Fujita
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Gebäude NB, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Gebäude NB, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Akira Oiwa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Spintronics Research Network Division, OTRI, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Mendez JP, Mamaluy D. Uncovering anisotropic effects of electric high-moment dipoles on the tunneling current in [Formula: see text]-layer tunnel junctions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22591. [PMID: 38114619 PMCID: PMC10730621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise positioning of dopants in semiconductors using scanning tunneling microscopes has led to the development of planar dopant-based devices, also known as [Formula: see text]layer-based devices, facilitating the exploration of new concepts in classical and quantum computing. Recently, it has been shown that two distinct conductivity regimes (low- and high-bias regimes) exist in [Formula: see text]-layer tunnel junctions due to the presence of quasi-discrete and continuous states in the conduction band of [Formula: see text]-layer systems. Furthermore, discrete charged impurities in the tunnel junction region significantly influence the tunneling rates in [Formula: see text]-layer tunnel junctions. Here we demonstrate that electrical dipoles, i.e. zero-charge defects, present in the tunnel junction region can also significantly alter the tunneling rate, depending, however, on the specific conductivity regime, and orientation and moment of the dipole. In the low-bias regime, with high-resistance tunneling mode, dipoles of nearly all orientations and moments can alter the current, indicating the extreme sensitivity of the tunneling current to the slightest imperfection in the tunnel gap. In the high-bias regime, with low-resistivity, only dipoles with high moments and oriented in the directions perpendicular to the electron tunneling direction can significantly affect the current, thus making this conductivity regime significantly less prone to the influence of dipole defects with low-moments or oriented in the direction parallel to the tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Mamaluy
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA
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16
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Bui HT, Wolf C, Haze M, Mier C, Kim J, Choi DJ, Lutz CP, Bae Y, Phark SH, Heinrich AJ. An atomic-scale multi-qubit platform. Science 2023; 382:87-92. [PMID: 37797000 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade5050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Individual electron spins in solids are promising candidates for quantum science and technology, where bottom-up assembly of a quantum device with atomically precise couplings has long been envisioned. Here, we realized atom-by-atom construction, coherent operations, and readout of coupled electron-spin qubits using a scanning tunneling microscope. To enable the coherent control of "remote" qubits that are outside of the tunnel junction, we complemented each electron spin with a local magnetic field gradient from a nearby single-atom magnet. Readout was achieved by using a sensor qubit in the tunnel junction and implementing pulsed double electron spin resonance. Fast single-, two-, and three-qubit operations were thereby demonstrated in an all-electrical fashion. Our angstrom-scale qubit platform may enable quantum functionalities using electron spin arrays built atom by atom on a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong T Bui
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Christoph Wolf
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Masahiro Haze
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Cristina Mier
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jinkyung Kim
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Deung-Jang Choi
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Yujeong Bae
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyon Phark
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03760, Korea
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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17
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Ghosh A, Martin AM, Majumder S. Quench dynamics of edge states in a finite extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger system. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:034102. [PMID: 37849185 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.034102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We examine the quench dynamics of an extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model involving long-range hopping that can hold multiple topological phases. Using winding number diagrams to characterize the system's topological phases geometrically, it is shown that there can be multiple winding number transition paths for a quench between two topological phases. The dependence of the quench dynamics is studied in terms of the survival probability of the fermionic edge modes and postquench transport. For two quench paths between two topological regimes with the same initial and final topological phase, the survival probability of edge states is shown to be strongly dependent on the winding number transition path. This dependence is explained using energy band diagrams corresponding to the paths. Following this, the effect of the winding number transition path on transport is investigated. We find that the velocities of maximum transport channels varied along the winding number transition path. This variation depends on the path we choose, i.e., it increases or decreases depending upon the path. An analysis of the coefficient maps, energy spectrum, and spatial structure of the edge states of the final quench Hamiltonian provides an understanding of the path-dependent velocity variation phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghosh
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A M Martin
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S Majumder
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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18
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Simmons MY. Engineering Qubits in Silicon with Atomic Precision. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1362. [PMID: 37613707 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
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19
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Wang Z, Feng M, Serrano S, Gilbert W, Leon RCC, Tanttu T, Mai P, Liang D, Huang JY, Su Y, Lim WH, Hudson FE, Escott CC, Morello A, Yang CH, Dzurak AS, Saraiva A, Laucht A. Jellybean Quantum Dots in Silicon for Qubit Coupling and On-Chip Quantum Chemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208557. [PMID: 36805699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The small size and excellent integrability of silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (SiMOS) quantum dot spin qubits make them an attractive system for mass-manufacturable, scaled-up quantum processors. Furthermore, classical control electronics can be integrated on-chip, in-between the qubits, if an architecture with sparse arrays of qubits is chosen. In such an architecture qubits are either transported across the chip via shuttling or coupled via mediating quantum systems over short-to-intermediate distances. This paper investigates the charge and spin characteristics of an elongated quantum dot-a so-called jellybean quantum dot-for the prospects of acting as a qubit-qubit coupler. Charge transport, charge sensing, and magneto-spectroscopy measurements are performed on a SiMOS quantum dot device at mK temperature and compared to Hartree-Fock multi-electron simulations. At low electron occupancies where disorder effects and strong electron-electron interaction dominate over the electrostatic confinement potential, the data reveals the formation of three coupled dots, akin to a tunable, artificial molecule. One dot is formed centrally under the gate and two are formed at the edges. At high electron occupancies, these dots merge into one large dot with well-defined spin states, verifying that jellybean dots have the potential to be used as qubit couplers in future quantum computing architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeheng Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - MengKe Feng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Santiago Serrano
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - William Gilbert
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ross C C Leon
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tuomo Tanttu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Philip Mai
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dylan Liang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan Y Huang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yue Su
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wee Han Lim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Fay E Hudson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher C Escott
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrea Morello
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chih Hwan Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew S Dzurak
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andre Saraiva
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Arne Laucht
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Diraq, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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20
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Hu O, Li Z, Wu J, Tan Y, Chen Z, Tong Y. A Multicomponent Nucleic Acid Enzyme-Cleavable Quantum Dot Nanobeacon for Highly Sensitive Diagnosis of Tuberculosis with the Naked Eye. ACS Sens 2023; 8:254-262. [PMID: 36579361 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Clinical tuberculosis (TB) screening and diagnosis are crucial for controlling the spread of this life-threatening infectious disease. In this work, a novel, rapid, and simple colorimetric detection platform for TB was developed based on a quantum dot-based nanobeacon (QD-NB) and multicomponent nucleic acid enzyme (MNAzyme). In the presence of target DNA (IS1081 gene fragment), the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was performed and the amplicons were chemically DNA-denatured and then subjected to MNAzyme reaction. RNA-cleaving MNAzyme assembly included the recognition of target DNA and hybridization with a QD-NB fluorescence probe. Under the addition of Mg2+, the RNA-containing QD-NB as a cleavable substrate could be broken into two DNA fragments, leading to green fluorescence release due to their departure from a black hole quencher (BHQ2). The TB detection could be achieved with the naked eye under a portable and inexpensive UV flashlight. Our results demonstrated that QD-NB-based MNAzyme colorimetric assays improved the detection sensitivity by 1 order of magnitude compared with the detection using RPA. The limit of detection (LOD) of the visual reading was as low as 2 copies/μL (3.3 amol/L). Excellent specificity and reproducibility could also be achieved. Furthermore, the practical application of the colorimetric method for TB diagnosis was verified by 36 clinical TB patients and 20 healthy individuals. The developed QD-NB-based MNAzyme colorimetric assays provided a rapid, convenient, sensitive, and accurate alternative for clinical TB screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinghao Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yaoju Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510095, P. R. China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Tong
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510317, P. R. China
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21
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Deng J, Dong H, Zhang C, Wu Y, Yuan J, Zhu X, Jin F, Li H, Wang Z, Cai H, Song C, Wang H, You JQ, Wang DW. Observing the quantum topology of light. Science 2022; 378:966-971. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ade6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Topological photonics provides a powerful platform to explore topological physics beyond traditional electronic materials and shows promising applications in light transport and lasers. Classical degrees of freedom are routinely used to construct topological light modes in real or synthetic dimensions. Beyond the classical topology, the inherent quantum nature of light provides a wealth of fundamentally distinct topological states. Here we implement experiments on topological states of quantized light in a superconducting circuit, with which one- and two-dimensional Fock-state lattices are constructed. We realize rich topological physics including topological zero-energy states of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, strain-induced pseudo-Landau levels, valley Hall effect, and Haldane chiral edge currents. Our study extends the topological states of light to the quantum regime, bridging topological phases of condensed-matter physics with circuit quantum electrodynamics, and offers a freedom in controlling the quantum states of multiple resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Deng
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chuanyu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yaozu Wu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiale Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuhao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feitong Jin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hekang Li
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Han Cai
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chao Song
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - H. Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - J. Q. You
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Beijing 100190, China
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22
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Wang X, Khatami E, Fei F, Wyrick J, Namboodiri P, Kashid R, Rigosi AF, Bryant G, Silver R. Experimental realization of an extended Fermi-Hubbard model using a 2D lattice of dopant-based quantum dots. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6824. [PMID: 36369280 PMCID: PMC9652469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hubbard model is an essential tool for understanding many-body physics in condensed matter systems. Artificial lattices of dopants in silicon are a promising method for the analog quantum simulation of extended Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonians in the strong interaction regime. However, complex atom-based device fabrication requirements have meant emulating a tunable two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian in silicon has not been achieved. Here, we fabricate 3 × 3 arrays of single/few-dopant quantum dots with finite disorder and demonstrate tuning of the electron ensemble using gates and probe the many-body states using quantum transport measurements. By controlling the lattice constants, we tune the hopping amplitude and long-range interactions and observe the finite-size analogue of a transition from metallic to Mott insulating behavior. We simulate thermally activated hopping and Hubbard band formation using increased temperatures. As atomically precise fabrication continues to improve, these results enable a new class of engineered artificial lattices to simulate interactive fermionic models. Atomically precise artificial lattices of dopant-based quantum dots offer a tunable platform for simulations of interacting fermionic models. By leveraging advances in fabrication and atomic-state control, Wang et al. report quantum simulations of the 2D Fermi-Hubbard model on a 3 × 3 few-dopant quantum dot array.
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