1
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Barakat M, Elhajj S, Yazji R, Miller AJM, Hasanayn F. Kinetic Isotope Effects and the Mechanism of CO 2 Insertion into the Metal-Hydride Bond of fac-(bpy)Re(CO) 3H. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12133-12145. [PMID: 38901030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The 1,2-insertion reaction of CO2 into metal-hydride bonds of d6-octahedral complexes to give κ1-O-metal-formate products is the key step in various CO2 reduction schemes and as a result has attracted extensive mechanistic investigations. For many octahedral catalysts, CO2 insertion follows an associative mechanism in which CO2 interacts directly with the coordinated hydride ligand instead of the more classical dissociative mechanism that opens an empty coordination site to bind the substrate to the metal prior to a hydride migration step. To better understand the associative mechanism, we conducted a systematic quantum chemical investigation on the reaction between CO2 and fac-(bpy)Re(CO)3H (1-Re-H; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) starting with the gas phase and then moving to THF and other solvents with increased dielectric constants. Detailed analyses of the potential energy surfaces (PESs) and intrinsic reaction coordinates (IRCs) reveal that the reaction is enabled in all media by an initial stage of making a 3c-2e bond between the carbon of CO2 and the metal-hydride bond that is most consistent with an organometallic bridging hydride Re-H-CO2 species. Once CO2 is bent and anchored to the metal-hydride bond, the reaction proceeds by a rotation motion via a cyclic transition state TS2 that interchanges Re-H-CO2 and Re-O-CHO coordination. The combined stages provide an asynchronous-concerted pathway for CO2 insertion on the Gibbs free energy surface with TS2 as the highest energy point. Consideration of TS2 as a rate-determining TS gives activation barriers, inverse KIEs, substituent effects, and solvent effects that agree with the experimental data available in this system. An important new insight revealed by the analyses of the results is that the initial stage of the reaction is not a hydride transfer step as has been assumed in some studies. In fact, the loose vibration of the TS that can be identified for the first stage of the reaction in solution (TS1) does not involve the Re-H stretching vibrational mode. Accordingly, the imaginary frequency of TS1 is insensitive to deuteration, and therefore, TS1 leads to no significant KIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Elhajj
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Riyad Yazji
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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2
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Marron DP, Galvin CM, Dressel JM, Waymouth RM. Cobaltocene-Mediated Catalytic Hydride Transfer: Strategies for Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17075-17083. [PMID: 38864712 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation of organics with transition metal hydrides is a promising strategy for electrosynthesis and energy storage. We report the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of acetone with a cyclopentadienone-iridium complex in a tandem electrocatalytic cycle with a cobaltocene mediator. The reductive protonation of cobaltocenium with mild acids generates (C5H5)CoI(C5H6) (CpCoI(CpH)), which functions as an electrocatalytic hydride mediator to deliver a hydride to cationic Ir(III) without generating hydrogen. Electrocatalytic hydride transfer by CpCoI(CpH) to a cationic Ir species leads to the efficient (Faradaic efficiency > 90%) electrohydrogenation of acetone, a valuable hydrogenation target as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC). Hydride-transfer mediation presents a powerful strategy to generate metal hydrides that are inaccessible by stepwise electron/proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Marron
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94306, United States
| | - Conor M Galvin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94306, United States
| | - Julia M Dressel
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94306, United States
| | - Robert M Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94306, United States
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3
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Tian S, Long G, Zhou P, Liu F, Zhang X, Ding C, Li C. A Coupled System of Ni 3S 2 and Rh Complex with Biomimetic Function for Electrocatalytic 1,4-NAD(P)H Regeneration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15730-15739. [PMID: 38776525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
NAD(P)H cofactor is a critical energy and electron carrier in biocatalysis and photosynthesis, but the artificial reduction of NAD(P)+ to regenerate bioactive 1,4-NAD(P)H with both high activity and selectivity is challenging. Herein, we found that a coupled system of a Ni3S2 electrode and a Rh complex in an electrolyte (denoted as Ni3S2-Rh) can catalyze the reduction of NAD(P)+ to 1,4-NAD(P)H with superior activity and selectivity. The optimized selectivity in 1,4-NADH can be up to 99.1%, much higher than that for Ni3S2 (80%); the normalized activity of Ni3S2-Rh is about 5.8 times that of Ni3S2 and 13.2 times that of the Rh complex. The high performance of Ni3S2-Rh is attributed to the synergistic effect between metal sulfides and Rh complex. The NAD+ reduction reaction proceeds via a concerted electron-proton transfer (CEPT) mechanism in the Ni3S2-Rh system, in which Ni3S2 acts as a proton and electron-transfer mediator to accelerate the formation of Rh hydride (Rh-H), and then the Rh-H regioselectively transfers the hydride to NAD+ to form 1,4-NADH. The artificial system Ni3S2-Rh essentially mimics the functions of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guifa Long
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Panwang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Wu X, Fan X, Xie S, Scodeller I, Wen X, Vangestel D, Cheng J, Sels B. Zinc-indium-sulfide favors efficient C - H bond activation by concerted proton-coupled electron transfer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4967. [PMID: 38862582 PMCID: PMC11167015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
C - H bond activation is a ubiquitous reaction that remains a major challenge in chemistry. Although semiconductor-based photocatalysis is promising, the C - H bond activation mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we report value-added coupling products from a wide variety of biomass and fossil-derived reagents, formed via C - H bond activation over zinc-indium-sulfides (Zn-In-S). Contrary to the commonly accepted stepwise electron-proton transfer pathway (PE-ET) for semiconductors, our experimental and theoretical studies evidence a concerted proton-coupled electron transfer (CPET) pathway. A pioneering microkinetic study, considering the relevant elementary steps of the surface chemistry, reveals a faster C - H activation with Zn-In-S because of circumventing formation of a charged radical, as it happens in PE-ET where it retards the catalysis due to strong site adsorption. For CPET over Zn-In-S, H abstraction, forming a neutral radical, is rate-limiting, but having lower energy barriers than that of PE-ET. The rate expressions derived from the microkinetics provide guidelines to rationally design semiconductor catalysis, e.g., for C - H activation, that is based on the CPET mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wu
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium.
| | - Xueting Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shunji Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ivan Scodeller
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Xiaojian Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Dario Vangestel
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Bert Sels
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium.
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5
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He H, Qiu ZY, Yin Z, Kong J, Dang JS, Lei H, Zhang W, Cao R. The meso-substituent electronic effect of Fe porphyrins on the electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5916-5919. [PMID: 38745555 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
We report Fe porphyrins bearing different meso-substituents for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). By replacing two and four meso-phenyl groups of Fe tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPP) with strong electron-withdrawing pentafluorophenyl groups, we synthesized FeF10TPP and FeF20TPP, respectively. We showed that FeTPP and FeF10TPP are active and selective for CO2-to-CO conversion in dimethylformamide with the former being more active, but FeF20TPP catalyzes hydrogen evolution rather than the CO2RR under the same conditions. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that with more electron-withdrawing meso-substituents, the Fe center becomes electron-deficient and it becomes difficult for it to bind a CO2 molecule in its formal Fe0 state. This work is significant to illustrate the electronic effects of catalysts on binding and activating CO2 molecules and provide fundamental knowledge for the design of new CO2RR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Zi-Yang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jiafan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jing-Shuang Dang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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6
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Jiang N, Darù A, Kunstelj Š, Vitillo JG, Czaikowski ME, Filatov AS, Wuttig A, Gagliardi L, Anderson JS. Catalytic, Spectroscopic, and Theoretical Studies of Fe 4S 4-Based Coordination Polymers as Heterogenous Coupled Proton-Electron Transfer Mediators for Electrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12243-12252. [PMID: 38651361 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters play essential roles in biological systems, and thus synthetic [Fe4S4] clusters have been an area of active research. Recent studies have demonstrated that soluble [Fe4S4] clusters can serve as net H atom transfer mediators, improving the activity and selectivity of a homogeneous Mn CO2 reduction catalyst. Here, we demonstrate that incorporating these [Fe4S4] clusters into a coordination polymer enables heterogeneous H atom transfer from an electrode surface to a Mn complex dissolved in solution. A previously reported solution-processable Fe4S4-based coordination polymer was successfully deposited on the surfaces of different electrodes. The coated electrodes serve as H atom transfer mediators to a soluble Mn CO2 reduction catalyst displaying good product selectivity for formic acid. Furthermore, these electrodes are recyclable with a minimal decrease in activity after multiple catalytic cycles. The heterogenization of the mediator also enables the characterization of solution-phase and electrode surface species separately. Surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) reveals spectroscopic signatures for an in situ generated active Mn-H species, providing a more complete mechanistic picture for this system. The active species, reaction mechanism, and the protonation sites on the [Fe4S4] clusters were further confirmed by density functional theory calculations. The observed H atom transfer reactivity of these coordination polymer-coated electrodes motivates additional applications of this composite material in reductive H atom transfer electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Andrea Darù
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Špela Kunstelj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jenny G Vitillo
- Department of Science and High Technology and INSTM, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Como 22100, Italy
| | - Maia E Czaikowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Anna Wuttig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60637, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60637, United States
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7
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Intrator JA, Velazquez DA, Fan S, Mastrobattista E, Yu C, Marinescu SC. Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction to formate by a cobalt phosphino-thiolate complex. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6385-6396. [PMID: 38699267 PMCID: PMC11062087 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to value-added products serves as an attractive method to store renewable energy as energy-dense fuels. Selectivity in this type of conversion can be limited, often leading to the formation of side products such as H2. The activity of a cobalt phosphino-thiolate complex ([Co(triphos)(bdt)]+) towards the selective reduction of CO2 to formate is explored in this report. In the presence of H2O, selective production of formate (as high as 94%) is observed at overpotentials of 750 mV, displaying negligible current degradation during long-term electrolysis experiments ranging as long as 24 hours. Chemical reduction studies of [Co(triphos)(bdt)]+ indicates deligation of the apical phosphine moiety is likely before catalysis. Computational and experimental results suggest a metal-hydride pathway, indicating an ECEC based mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Intrator
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
| | - David A Velazquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
| | - Sicheng Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
| | - Ellie Mastrobattista
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
| | - Christine Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
| | - Smaranda C Marinescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
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8
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Cobb SJ, Rodríguez-Jiménez S, Reisner E. Connecting Biological and Synthetic Approaches for Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310547. [PMID: 37983571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction has developed into a broad field, spanning fundamental studies of enzymatic 'model' catalysts to synthetic molecular catalysts and heterogeneous gas diffusion electrodes producing commercially relevant quantities of product. This diversification has resulted in apparent differences and a disconnect between seemingly related approaches when using different types of catalysts. Enzymes possess discrete and well understood active sites that can perform reactions with high selectivity and activities at their thermodynamic limit. Synthetic small molecule catalysts can be designed with desired active site composition but do not yet display enzyme-like performance. These properties of the biological and small molecule catalysts contrast with heterogeneous materials, which can contain multiple, often poorly understood active sites with distinct reactivity and therefore introducing significant complexity in understanding their activities. As these systems are being better understood and the continuously improving performance of their heterogeneous active sites closes the gap with enzymatic activity, this performance difference between heterogeneous and enzymatic systems begins to close. This convergence removes the barriers between using different types of catalysts and future challenges can be addressed without multiple efforts as a unified picture for the biological-synthetic catalyst spectrum emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Cobb
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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9
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Wang T, He F, Jiang W, Liu J. Electrohydrogenation of Nitriles with Amines by Cobalt Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316140. [PMID: 38124405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles represents an efficient and sustainable one-step synthesis of valuable bulk and fine chemicals. We report herein a molecular cobalt electrocatalyst for selective hydrogenative coupling of nitriles with amines using protons as the hydrogen source. The key to success for this reductive reaction is the use of an electrocatalytic approach for efficient cobalt-hydride generation through a sequence of cathodic reduction and protonation. As only electrons (e- ) and protons (H+ ) as the redox equivalent and hydrogen source, this general electrohydrogenation protocol is showcased by highly selective and straightforward synthesis of various functionalized and structurally diverse amines, as well as deuterium isotope labeling applications. Mechanistic studies reveal that the electrogenerated cobalt-hydride transfer to nitrile process is the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Fangfang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, 511300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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10
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Galvin CM, Marron DP, Dressel JM, Waymouth RM. Coordination-Induced Bond Weakening and Electrocatalytic Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer of a Ruthenium Verdazyl Complex. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:954-960. [PMID: 38153690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of the leucoverdazyl ligand 2,4-diisopropyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3(2H)-one VdH to Ru significantly weakens the ligand's N-H bond. Electrochemical measurements show that the metalated leucoverdazyl Ru(VdH)(acetylacetonate)2 RuVdH has a lower pKa (-5 units), BDFE (-7 kcal/mol), and hydricity (-22 kcal/mol) than the free ligand. DFT calculations suggest that the increased acidity is in part attributable to stabilization of the conjugate base Vd-. When free, Vd- distorts to avoid an 8πe- antiaromatic state, but it remains planar when bound to Ru. Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) behavior is observed for both the free and metalated leucoverdazyls. PCET equilibrium between the Vd radical and TEMPOH affords a VdH BDFE that is in good agreement with that obtained from electrochemical methods. RuVd exhibits electrocatalytic PCET donor behavior. Under acidic conditions, it reduces the persistent trityl radical ·CAr3 (Ar = p-tert-butylphenyl) to the corresponding triarylmethane HCAr3 via net 1e-/1H+ transfer from RuVdH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor M Galvin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel P Marron
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julia M Dressel
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert M Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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11
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Zhang XY, Lou ZX, Chen J, Liu Y, Wu X, Zhao JY, Yuan HY, Zhu M, Dai S, Wang HF, Sun C, Liu PF, Yang HG. Direct OC-CHO coupling towards highly C 2+ products selective electroreduction over stable Cu 0/Cu 2+ interface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7681. [PMID: 37996421 PMCID: PMC10667242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroreduction of CO2 to valuable multicarbon (C2+) products is a highly attractive way to utilize and divert emitted CO2. However, a major fraction of C2+ selectivity is confined to less than 90% by the difficulty of coupling C-C bonds efficiently. Herein, we identify the stable Cu0/Cu2+ interfaces derived from copper phosphate-based (CuPO) electrocatalysts, which can facilitate C2+ production with a low-energy pathway of OC-CHO coupling verified by in situ spectra studies and theoretical calculations. The CuPO precatalyst shows a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 69.7% towards C2H4 in an H-cell, and exhibits a significant FEC2+ of 90.9% under industrially relevant current density (j = -350 mA cm-2) in a flow cell configuration. The stable Cu0/Cu2+ interface breaks new ground for the structural design of electrocatalysts and the construction of synergistic active sites to improve the activity and selectivity of valuable C2+ products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhen Xin Lou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiacheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jia Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hai Yang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hai Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chenghua Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, and Center for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Peng Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Hua Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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12
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Peng F, Xiang J, Qin H, Chen B, Duan R, Zhao W, Liu S, Wu T, Yuan W, Li Q, Li J, Kang X, Han B. Selective Electrochemical Oxidation of Benzylic C-H to Benzylic Alcohols with the Aid of Imidazolium Radical Mediators. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23905-23909. [PMID: 37890007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Selective oxidation of benzylic C-H to benzylic alcohols is a well-known challenge in the chemical community since benzylic C-H is more prone to be overoxidized to benzylic ketones. In this work, we report the highly selective electro-oxidation of benzylic C-H to benzylic alcohols in an undivided cell in ionic liquid-based solution. As an example, the selectivity toward xanthydrol could be as high as 95.7% at complete conversion of xanthene, a typical benzylic C-H compound, on gram-scale in imidazolium bromide/H2O/DMF. Mechanism investigation reveals that the imidazolium radical generated in situ participants in a proton-coupled electron transfer process and low-barrier hydrogen bonds stabilize the reaction intermediates, together steering the redox equilibrium, favoring benzylic alcohols over benzylic ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Junfeng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Huisheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Bingfeng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Ran Duan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Wenling Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Tianbin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Wenli Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Jikun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xinchen Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
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13
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Zhang L, Feng J, Wu L, Ma X, Song X, Jia S, Tan X, Jin X, Zhu Q, Kang X, Ma J, Qian Q, Zheng L, Sun X, Han B. Oxophilicity-Controlled CO 2 Electroreduction to C 2+ Alcohols over Lewis Acid Metal-Doped Cu δ+ Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21945-21954. [PMID: 37751566 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cu-based electrocatalysts have great potential for facilitating CO2 reduction to produce energy-intensive fuels and chemicals. However, it remains challenging to obtain high product selectivity due to the inevitable strong competition among various pathways. Here, we propose a strategy to regulate the adsorption of oxygen-associated active species on Cu by introducing an oxophilic metal, which can effectively improve the selectivity of C2+ alcohols. Theoretical calculations manifested that doping of Lewis acid metal Al into Cu can affect the C-O bond and Cu-C bond breaking toward the selectively determining intermediate (shared by ethanol and ethylene), thus prioritizing the ethanol pathway. Experimentally, the Al-doped Cu catalyst exhibited an outstanding C2+ Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 84.5% with remarkable stability. In particular, the C2+ alcohol FE could reach 55.2% with a partial current density of 354.2 mA cm-2 and a formation rate of 1066.8 μmol cm-2 h-1. A detailed experimental study revealed that Al doping improved the adsorption strength of active oxygen species on the Cu surface and stabilized the key intermediate *OC2H5, leading to high selectivity toward ethanol. Further investigation showed that this strategy could also be extended to other Lewis acid metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinning Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shunhan Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingxing Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinggong Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinchen Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingli Qian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofu Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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14
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Zhu J, Li J, Lu R, Yu R, Zhao S, Li C, Lv L, Xia L, Chen X, Cai W, Meng J, Zhang W, Pan X, Hong X, Dai Y, Mao Y, Li J, Zhou L, He G, Pang Q, Zhao Y, Xia C, Wang Z, Dai L, Mai L. Surface passivation for highly active, selective, stable, and scalable CO 2 electroreduction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4670. [PMID: 37537180 PMCID: PMC10400642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid using Bismuth catalysts is one the most promising pathways for industrialization. However, it is still difficult to achieve high formic acid production at wide voltage intervals and industrial current densities because the Bi catalysts are often poisoned by oxygenated species. Herein, we report a Bi3S2 nanowire-ascorbic acid hybrid catalyst that simultaneously improves formic acid selectivity, activity, and stability at high applied voltages. Specifically, a more than 95% faraday efficiency was achieved for the formate formation over a wide potential range above 1.0 V and at ampere-level current densities. The observed excellent catalytic performance was attributable to a unique reconstruction mechanism to form more defective sites while the ascorbic acid layer further stabilized the defective sites by trapping the poisoning hydroxyl groups. When used in an all-solid-state reactor system, the newly developed catalyst achieved efficient production of pure formic acid over 120 hours at 50 mA cm-2 (200 mA cell current).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Jiantao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ruihu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ruohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shiyong Zhao
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chengbo Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lixue Xia
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xingbao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wenwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiashen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xuelei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Yu Mao
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jiong Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone), Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Guanjie He
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Quanquan Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Xia
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Liming Dai
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China.
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone), Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, P. R. China.
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15
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Cobb SJ, Dharani AM, Oliveira AR, Pereira IAC, Reisner E. Carboxysome-Inspired Electrocatalysis using Enzymes for the Reduction of CO 2 at Low Concentrations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218782. [PMID: 37078435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The electrolysis of dilute CO2 streams suffers from low concentrations of dissolved substrate and its rapid depletion at the electrolyte-electrocatalyst interface. These limitations require first energy-intensive CO2 capture and concentration, before electrolyzers can achieve acceptable performances. For direct electrocatalytic CO2 reduction from low-concentration sources, we introduce a strategy that mimics the carboxysome in cyanobacteria by utilizing microcompartments with nanoconfined enzymes in a porous electrode. A carbonic anhydrase accelerates CO2 hydration kinetics and minimizes substrate depletion by making all dissolved carbon available for utilization, while a highly efficient formate dehydrogenase reduces CO2 cleanly to formate; down to even atmospheric concentrations of CO2 . This bio-inspired concept demonstrates that the carboxysome provides a viable blueprint for the reduction of low-concentration CO2 streams to chemicals by using all forms of dissolved carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Cobb
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Azim M Dharani
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ana Rita Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês A C Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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16
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Shen H, Jin H, Li H, Wang H, Duan J, Jiao Y, Qiao SZ. Acidic CO 2-to-HCOOH electrolysis with industrial-level current on phase engineered tin sulfide. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2843. [PMID: 37202405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidic CO2-to-HCOOH electrolysis represents a sustainable route for value-added CO2 transformations. However, competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid remains a great challenge for selective CO2-to-HCOOH production, especially in industrial-level current densities. Main group metal sulfides derived S-doped metals have demonstrated enhanced CO2-to-HCOOH selectivity in alkaline and neutral media by suppressing HER and tuning CO2 reduction intermediates. Yet stabilizing these derived sulfur dopants on metal surfaces at large reductive potentials for industrial-level HCOOH production is still challenging in acidic medium. Herein, we report a phase-engineered tin sulfide pre-catalyst (π-SnS) with uniform rhombic dodecahedron structure that can derive metallic Sn catalyst with stabilized sulfur dopants for selective acidic CO2-to-HCOOH electrolysis at industrial-level current densities. In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal the π-SnS has stronger intrinsic Sn-S binding strength than the conventional phase, facilitating the stabilization of residual sulfur species in the Sn subsurface. These dopants effectively modulate the CO2RR intermediates coverage in acidic medium by enhancing *OCHO intermediate adsorption and weakening *H binding. As a result, the derived catalyst (Sn(S)-H) demonstrates significantly high Faradaic efficiency (92.15 %) and carbon efficiency (36.43 %) to HCOOH at industrial current densities (up to -1 A cm-2) in acidic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Huanyu Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Haobo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Herui Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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17
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Koellner CA, Reid AG, Machan CW. Co-electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction mediated by a dibenzophosphole oxide and a chromium complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6359-6362. [PMID: 37139853 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00166k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a co-electrocatalytic system for the selective reduction of CO2 to CO, comprised of a previously reported molecular Cr complex and 5-phenylbenzo[b]phosphindole-5-oxide (PhBPO) as a redox mediator. Under protic conditions, the co-electrocatalytic system attains a turnover frequency (TOF) of 15 s-1 and quantitative selectivity for CO. It is proposed that PhBPO interacts with the Cr-based catalyst, coordinating in an axial position trans to an intermediate hydroxycarbonyl species, M-CO2H, mediating electron transfer to the catalyst and lowering the barrier for C-OH bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A Koellner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Rd, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA.
| | - Amelia G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Rd, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA.
| | - Charles W Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Rd, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA.
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18
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Mechanistic insights into the electroreduction of CO2 by a phosphine-nitrogen-coordinated manganese carbonyl complex for CO2-to-CO conversion over H2 formation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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Reid AG, Moberg ME, Koellner CA, Moreno JJ, Hooe SL, Baugh KR, Dickie DA, Machan CW. Comparisons of bpy and phen Ligand Backbones in Cr-Mediated (Co-)Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia G. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Megan E. Moberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Connor A. Koellner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Juan J. Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Shelby L. Hooe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Kira R. Baugh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Charles W. Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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20
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Chen S, Li X, Li H, Chen K, Luo T, Fu J, Liu K, Wang Q, Zhu M, Liu M. Proton Transfer Dynamics-Mediated CO 2 Electroreduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202202251. [PMID: 36820747 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) is crucial to addressing environmental crises and producing chemicals. Proton activation and transfer are essential in CO2 RR. To date, few research reviews have focused on this process and its effect on catalytic performance. Recent studies have demonstrated ways to improve CO2 RR by regulating proton transfer dynamics. This Concept highlights the use of regulating proton transfer dynamics to enhance CO2 RR for the target product and discusses modulation strategies for proton transfer dynamics and operative mechanisms in typical systems, including single-atom catalysts, molecular catalysts, metal heterointerfaces, and organic-ligand modified metal catalysts. Characterization methods for proton transfer dynamics during CO2 RR are also discussed, providing powerful tools for the hydrogen-involving electrochemical study. This Concept offers new insights into the CO2 RR mechanism and guides the design of efficient CO2 RR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyong Chen
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 511443, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Kejun Chen
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Tao Luo
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Fu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qiyou Wang
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Mingshan Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 511443, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, P. R. China
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21
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Zhu Q, Deng Z, Xie H, Xing M, Zhang J. Investigation of Concerted Proton–Electron Donors for Promoting the Selective Production of HCOOH in CO 2 Photoreduction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Zesheng Deng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co.Ltd. Y2, Second Floor, Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen’er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Mingyang Xing
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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22
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Pattanayak S, Berben LA. Pre-Equilibrium Reaction Mechanism as a Strategy to Enhance Rate and Lower Overpotential in Electrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3419-3426. [PMID: 36734988 PMCID: PMC9936576 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pre-equilibrium reaction kinetics enable the overall rate of a catalytic reaction to be orders of magnitude faster than the rate-determining step. Herein, we demonstrate how pre-equilibrium kinetics can be applied to breaking the linear free-energy relationship (LFER) for electrocatalysis, leading to rate enhancement 5 orders of magnitude and lowering of overpotential to approximately thermoneutral. This approach is applied to pre-equilibrium formation of a metal-hydride intermediate to achieve fast formate formation rates from CO2 reduction without loss of selectivity (i.e., H2 evolution). Fast pre-equilibrium metal-hydride formation, at 108 M-1 s-1, boosts the CO2 electroreduction to formate rate up to 296 s-1. Compared with molecular catalysts that have similar overpotential, this rate is enhanced by 5 orders of magnitude. As an alternative comparison, overpotential is lowered by ∼50 mV compared to catalysts with a similar rate. The principles elucidated here to obtain pre-equilibrium reaction kinetics via catalyst design are general. Design and development that builds on these principles should be possible in both molecular homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysis.
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Abstract
Homogeneous electrocatalysis has been well studied over the past several decades for the conversion of small molecules to useful products for green energy applications or as chemical feedstocks. However, in order for these catalyst systems to be used in industrial applications, their activity and stability must be improved. In naturally occurring enzymes, redox equivalents (electrons, often in a concerted manner with protons) are delivered to enzyme active sites by small molecules known as redox mediators (RMs). Inspired by this, co-electrocatalytic systems with homogeneous catalysts and RMs have been developed for the conversion of alcohols, nitrogen, unsaturated organic substrates, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. In these systems, the RMs have been shown to both increase the activity of the catalyst and shift selectivity to more desired products by altering catalytic cycles and/or avoiding high-energy intermediates. However, the area is currently underdeveloped and requires additional fundamental advancements in order to become a more general strategy. Here, we summarize the recent examples of homogeneous co-electrocatalysis and discuss possible future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Charles W Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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24
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Zhu HL, Huang JR, Liao PQ, Chen XM. Rational Design of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Electroreduction of CO 2 to Hydrocarbons and Carbon Oxygenates. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1506-1517. [PMID: 36439306 PMCID: PMC9686201 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Since CO2 can be reutilized by using renewable electricity in form of product diversity, electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) is expected to be a burgeoning strategy to tackle environmental problems and the energy crisis. Nevertheless, owing to the limited selectivity and reaction efficiency for a single component product, ECR is still far from a large-scale application. Therefore, designing high performance electrocatalysts is the key objective in CO2 conversion and utilization. Unlike most other types of electrocatalysts, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have clear, designable, and tunable catalytic active sites and chemical microenvironments, which are highly conducive to establish a clear structure-performance relationship and guide the further design of high-performance electrocatalysts. This Outlook concisely and critically discusses the rational design strategies of MOF catalysts for ECR in terms of reaction selectivity, current density, and catalyst stability, and outlines the prospects for the development of MOF electrocatalysts and industrial applications. In the future, more efforts should be devoted to designing MOF structures with high stability and electronic conductivity besides high activity and selectivity, as well as to develop efficient electrolytic devices suitable for MOF catalysts.
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25
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Derosa J, Garrido-Barros P, Li M, Peters JC. Use of a PCET Mediator Enables a Ni-HER Electrocatalyst to Act as a Hydride Delivery Agent. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20118-20125. [PMID: 36264765 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The generation of metal hydride intermediates during reductive electrocatalysis in the presence of acid most commonly leads to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Redirecting the reactivity profile of such hydride intermediates toward the reduction of unsaturated substrates is an exciting opportunity in catalysis but presents a challenge in terms of catalyst selectivity. In this study, we demonstrate that a prototypical phosphine-supported Ni-HER catalyst can be repurposed toward the electrocatalytic reduction of a model substrate, methyl phenylpropiolate, via hydride transfer from a NiII-H when interfaced with a metallocene-derived proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mediator. Key to success is generation of the NiII-H at a potential pinned to that of the PCET mediator which is appreciably anodic of the onset of HER. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and theoretical data point to a working mechanism where a PCET step from the metallocene-derived mediator to NiII generates NiIII-H and is rate-determining; the latter NiIII-H is then readily reduced to a NiII-H, which is competent for substrate reduction. Additional studies show that this tandem PCET-mediated hydride generation can afford high stereoselectivity (e.g., >20:1 Z/E using a phosphine-cobalt precatalyst with ethyl 2-heptynoate) and can also be used for the reduction of α,β-unsaturated ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Derosa
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Pablo Garrido-Barros
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Mengdi Li
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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26
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Le TH, Nguyen H, Arnold HA, Darensbourg DJ, Darensbourg MY. Chirality-Guided Isomerization of Mn 2S 2 Diamond Core Complexes: A Mechanistic Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16405-16413. [PMID: 36194618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Occasioned by the discovery of a ligand transfer from M(N2S2) to MnI in Mn(CO)5Br, the resulting H2N2S2 ligand-tethered dimanganese complex, (μ4-N,N'-ethylenebis(mercaptoacetamide))[Mn2(CO)6], was found to have myriad analogues of the type (μ-S-E)2[Mn2(CO)6], making up an under-studied class containing Mn2S2 rhombs. The attempt to synthesize a nontethered version resulted in a solid-state structure in an anti-conformation. However, a direct comparison of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the tethered versus nontethered complexes in combination with theoretical frequency calculation suggested the coexistence of syn- and anti-isomers and their interconversion in solution. Analysis of the syn- versus anti-version of the dimanganese components led to the understanding that whereas the anti-form exists as centrosymmetric RS isomers, the syn-form is restricted by C2 symmetry to be either RR or SS. Molecular scrambling experiments indicated monomeric, pentacoordinate, 16-e- (S-O)Mn(CO)3 intermediates with lifetimes sufficiently long to sample R and S monomers. Density functional theory analysis of the mechanistic pathway and a kinetic study corroborated that the proposed isomerization involves the cleavage and reformation of the dimeric structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung H Le
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College StationTexas77845, United States
| | - Hao Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College StationTexas77845, United States
| | - Heather A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College StationTexas77845, United States
| | - Donald J Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College StationTexas77845, United States
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Reid AG, Moreno JJ, Hooe SL, Baugh KR, Thomas IH, Dickie DA, Machan CW. Inverse Potential Scaling in Co-Electrocatalytic Activity for CO 2 Reduction Through Redox Mediator Tuning and Catalyst Design. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9595-9606. [PMID: 36091894 PMCID: PMC9400620 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is an attractive strategy to mitigate the continuous rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and generate value-added chemical products. A possible strategy to increase the activity of molecular...
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Juan J Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Shelby L Hooe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Kira R Baugh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Isobel H Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
| | - Charles W Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904-4319 USA
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28
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Lu X, Qin J, Xian C, Nie J, Li X, He J, Liu B. Cobalt nanoparticles supported on microporous nitrogen-doped carbon for efficient catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction between nitroarenes and N-heterocycles. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00914e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction between nitroarenes and saturated N-heterocycles to simultaneously synthesize value-added anilines and unsaturated N-heterocycles is attractive due to its low-cost, atomic economic, and environmental-friendly properties. Herein, we...
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