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Brownstein CD, Near TJ. Colonization of the ocean floor by jawless vertebrates across three mass extinctions. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:79. [PMID: 38867201 PMCID: PMC11170801 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deep (> 200 m) ocean floor is often considered to be a refugium of biodiversity; many benthic marine animals appear to share ancient common ancestry with nearshore and terrestrial relatives. Whether this pattern holds for vertebrates is obscured by a poor understanding of the evolutionary history of the oldest marine vertebrate clades. Hagfishes are jawless vertebrates that are either the living sister to all vertebrates or form a clade with lampreys, the only other surviving jawless fishes. RESULTS We use the hagfish fossil record and molecular data for all recognized genera to construct a novel hypothesis for hagfish relationships and diversification. We find that crown hagfishes persisted through three mass extinctions after appearing in the Permian ~ 275 Ma, making them one of the oldest living vertebrate lineages. In contrast to most other deep marine vertebrates, we consistently infer a deep origin of continental slope occupation by hagfishes that dates to the Paleozoic. Yet, we show that hagfishes have experienced marked body size diversification over the last hundred million years, contrasting with a view of this clade as morphologically stagnant. CONCLUSION Our results establish hagfishes as ancient members of demersal continental slope faunas and suggest a prolonged accumulation of deep sea jawless vertebrate biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Doran Brownstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Thomas J Near
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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Lyu ZT, Zeng ZC, Wan H, Li Q, Tominaga A, Nishikawa K, Matsui M, Li SZ, Jiang ZW, Liu Y, Wang YY. Contrasting nidification behaviors facilitate diversification and colonization of the Music frogs under a changing paleoclimate. Commun Biol 2024; 7:638. [PMID: 38796601 PMCID: PMC11127999 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to cope with the complexity and variability of the terrestrial environment, amphibians have developed a wide range of reproductive and parental behaviors. Nest building occurs in some anuran species as parental care. Species of the Music frog genus Nidirana are known for their unique courtship behavior and mud nesting in several congeners. However, the evolution of these frogs and their nidification behavior has yet to be studied. With phylogenomic and phylogeographic analyses based on a wide sampling of the genus, we find that Nidirana originated from central-southwestern China and the nidification behavior initially evolved at ca 19.3 Ma but subsequently lost in several descendants. Further population genomic analyses suggest that the nidification species have an older diversification and colonization history, while N. adenopleura complex congeners that do not exhibit nidification behavior have experienced a recent rapid radiation. The presence and loss of the nidification behavior in the Music frogs may be associated with paleoclimatic factors such as temperature and precipitation. This study highlights the nidification behavior as a key evolutionary innovation that has contributed to the diversification of an amphibian group under past climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tong Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology / School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610040, China
| | - Zhao-Chi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology / School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Han Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology / School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Qin Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Atsushi Tominaga
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1 Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kanto Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-hon-machi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masafumi Matsui
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nihon-matsu, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shi-Ze Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai, 564500, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology / School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology / School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Long JA, Trinajstic K. Placoderms. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R43-R47. [PMID: 38262353 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
For over 70 million years, during the Paleozoic, the placoderms (Greek for 'plated skin'), an extinct group of armoured fishes, were the most abundant and diverse vertebrates on our planet. Some of the first placoderm fossils discovered - such as Bothriolepis with its bone-covered pectoral fins - seemed so bizarre that they were thought to represent turtles or ancient beetles. All placoderms bear thick overlapping dermal plates around the head (called the 'head shield') and an area of the body covered in similar overlapping plates enveloping the pectoral to anal region (called the 'trunk-shield'). Placoderm fossils (Figure 1) are known from every continent on Earth ranging from the early Silurian (∼438 million years ago) to the end Devonian (∼359 million years ago) when they became extinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Long
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 2100, Australia.
| | - Kate Trinajstic
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6076, Australia
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Cui X, Friedman M, Yu Y, Zhu YA, Zhu M. Bony-fish-like scales in a Silurian maxillate placoderm. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7622. [PMID: 37993457 PMCID: PMC10665347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major groups of jawed vertebrates exhibit contrasting conditions of dermal plates and scales. But the transition between these conditions remains unclear due to rare information on taxa occupying key phylogenetic positions. The 425-million-year-old fish Entelognathus combines an unusual mosaic of characters typically associated with jawed stem gnathostomes or crown gnathostomes. However, only the anterior part of the exoskeleton was previously known for this very crownward member of the gnathostome stem. Here, we report a near-complete post-thoracic exoskeleton of Entelognathus. Strikingly, its scales are large and some are rhomboid, bearing distinctive peg-and-socket articulations; this combination was previously only known in osteichthyans and considered a synapomorphy of that group. The presence in Entelognathus of an anal fin spine, previously only found in some stem chondrichthyans, further illustrates that many characters previously thought to be restricted to specific lineages within the gnathostome crown likely arose before the common ancestor of living jawed vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Matt Friedman
- Museum of Paleontology and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yilun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - You-An Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044, Beijing, China.
| | - Min Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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Brazeau MD, Castiello M, El Fassi El Fehri A, Hamilton L, Ivanov AO, Johanson Z, Friedman M. Fossil evidence for a pharyngeal origin of the vertebrate pectoral girdle. Nature 2023; 623:550-554. [PMID: 37914937 PMCID: PMC10651482 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The origin of vertebrate paired appendages is one of the most investigated and debated examples of evolutionary novelty1-7. Paired appendages are widely considered as key innovations that enabled new opportunities for controlled swimming and gill ventilation and were prerequisites for the eventual transition from water to land. The past 150 years of debate8-10 has been shaped by two contentious theories4,5: the ventrolateral fin-fold hypothesis9,10 and the archipterygium hypothesis8. The latter proposes that fins and girdles evolved from an ancestral gill arch. Although studies in animal development have revived interest in this idea11-13, it is apparently unsupported by fossil evidence. Here we present palaeontological support for a pharyngeal basis for the vertebrate shoulder girdle. We use computed tomography scanning to reveal details of the braincase of Kolymaspis sibirica14, an Early Devonian placoderm fish from Siberia, that suggests a pharyngeal component of the shoulder. We combine these findings with refreshed comparative anatomy of placoderms and jawless outgroups to place the origin of the shoulder girdle on the sixth branchial arch. These findings provide a novel framework for understanding the origin of the pectoral girdle. Our evidence clarifies the location of the presumptive head-trunk interface in jawless fishes and explains the constraint on branchial arch number in gnathostomes15. The results revive a key aspect of the archipterygium hypothesis and help reconcile it with the ventrolateral fin-fold model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Brazeau
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.
- The Natural History Museum, London, UK.
| | - Marco Castiello
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- London Academy of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amin El Fassi El Fehri
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Louis Hamilton
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Alexander O Ivanov
- Department of Sedimentary Geology, Institute of Earth Sciences, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Matt Friedman
- The Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Conroy G, Pawar P, Powell S. How China is capturing attention with landmark research. Nature 2023; 620:S6-S8. [PMID: 37558843 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
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Klug C, Coates M, Frey L, Greif M, Jobbins M, Pohle A, Lagnaoui A, Haouz WB, Ginter M. Broad snouted cladoselachian with sensory specialization at the base of modern chondrichthyans. SWISS JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY 2023; 142:2. [PMID: 37009301 PMCID: PMC10050047 DOI: 10.1186/s13358-023-00266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Throughout the Silurian and Devonian, cartilaginous fish successively evolved their specialized skeletal and dental characteristics, and increasingly refined their sensory systems. The Late Devonian shark taxon Maghriboselache mohamezanei gen. et sp. n. from the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco is known from multiple specimens preserving most of its skeletal features, which in some instances are preserved in three dimensions. Key details of the dentition, jaws, and pectoral skeleton are shared with the iconic genus Cladoselache. Phylogenetic analyses place the family Cladoselachidae as the sister group of symmoriiforms and these groups as sister group of the holocephalans. Further phylogenetic results corroborate that the initial evolutionary radiation of crown chondrichthyans occurred within or before the Late Devonian. Remarkably, this new stem holocephalan is equipped with a wide snout and large laterally separated nasal capsules: the earliest known example of this condition in the chondrichthyan and (perhaps) gnathostome record. This suggests sensory specialization approaching that of extant broad-rostrum elasmobranchs and represents a significant addition to increasingly apparent ecomorphological diversity among early chondrichthyans. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13358-023-00266-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klug
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Coates
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 1027 E. 57Th St., Chicago, 60637 USA
| | - Linda Frey
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Merle Greif
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Melina Jobbins
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Pohle
- Institute for Geology, Mineralogy, and Geophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraβe 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdelouahed Lagnaoui
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Sciences, Education and Training, Higher School of Education and Training Berrechid (ESEFB), Hassan First University, Avenue de l’Université, B.P:218, 26100 Berrechid, Morocco
- Laboratory of Stratigraphy of Oil-and-Gas Bearing Reservoirs, Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Volga Region Russia
| | - Wahiba Bel Haouz
- Laboratory of Stratigraphy of Oil-and-Gas Bearing Reservoirs, Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Volga Region Russia
- Geosciences Laboratory, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Km 8 Route d’El Jadida, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Michal Ginter
- Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Al. Żwirki I Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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In praise of research in fundamental biology. Nature 2022; 612:7. [DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-04172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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