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Hao T. Pressure-induced superconductivity domes described with a theoretical equation based on the free volume concept. iScience 2024; 27:110593. [PMID: 39262775 PMCID: PMC11388154 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A generic conductivity equation developed in our previous work is borrowed to explore how superconductivity transition temperatureT c changes with external high pressure. The volume-pressure relationship revealed in the literature is utilized to estimate the pressure-dependent free volume based on our free volume equation. Pressure-induced single and double superconductivity domes are predicted with the obtained equation. It is also used to fit experimental data available in the literature. A good agreement with experimental observations is obtained. Our equation can fit nonlinear and polynomial relationships as well. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for pressure-induced phenomena among many superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hao
- 15905 Tanberry Dr, Chino Hills, CA 91709, USA
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2
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Tresca C, Forcella PM, Angeletti A, Ranalli L, Franchini C, Reticcioli M, Profeta G. Molecular hydrogen in the N-doped LuH 3 system as a possible path to superconductivity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7283. [PMID: 39179540 PMCID: PMC11343858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of ambient superconductivity would mark an epochal breakthrough long-awaited for over a century, potentially ushering in unprecedented scientific and technological advancements. The recent findings on high-temperature superconducting phases in various hydrides under high pressure have ignited optimism, suggesting that the realization of near-ambient superconductivity might be on the horizon. However, the preparation of hydride samples tends to promote the emergence of various metastable phases, marked by a low level of experimental reproducibility. Identifying these phases through theoretical and computational methods entails formidable challenges, often resulting in controversial outcomes. In this paper, we consider N-doped LuH3 as a prototypical complex hydride: By means of machine-learning-accelerated force-field molecular dynamics, we have identified the formation of H2 molecules stabilized at ambient pressure by nitrogen impurities. Importantly, we demonstrate that this molecular phase plays a pivotal role in the emergence of a dynamically stable, low-temperature, experimental-ambient-pressure superconductivity. The potential to stabilize hydrogen in molecular form through chemical doping opens up a novel avenue for investigating disordered phases in hydrides and their transport properties under near-ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Tresca
- CNR-SPIN c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Pietro Maria Forcella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi Ranalli
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cesare Franchini
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Reticcioli
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gianni Profeta
- CNR-SPIN c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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3
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Akinpelu A, Bhullar M, Yao Y. Discovery of novel materials through machine learning. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:453001. [PMID: 39106893 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad6bdb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Experimental exploration of new materials relies heavily on a laborious trial-and-error approach. In addition to substantial time and resource requirements, traditional experiments and computational modelling are typically limited in finding target materials within the enormous chemical space. Therefore, creating innovative techniques to expedite material discovery becomes essential. Recently, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a valuable tool for material discovery, garnering significant attention due to its remarkable advancements in prediction accuracy and time efficiency. This rapidly developing computational technique accelerates the search and optimization process and enables the prediction of material properties at a minimal computational cost, thereby facilitating the discovery of novel materials. We provide a comprehensive overview of recent studies on discovering new materials by predicting materials and their properties using ML techniques. Beginning with an introduction of the fundamental principles of ML methods, we subsequently examine the current research landscape on the applications of ML in predicting material properties that lead to the discovery of novel materials. Finally, we discuss challenges in employing ML within materials science, propose potential solutions, and outline future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinwumi Akinpelu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Mangladeep Bhullar
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Yansun Yao
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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4
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Li X, Wang Y, Fu Y, Redfern SAT, Jiang S, Zhu P, Cui T. Stabilization of High-Pressure Phase of Face-Centered Cubic Lutetium Trihydride at Ambient Conditions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401642. [PMID: 38774948 PMCID: PMC11304239 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Superconductivity at room temperature and near-ambient pressures is a highly sought-after phenomenon in physics and materials science. A recent study reported the presence of this phenomenon in N-doped lutetium hydride [Nature 615, 244 (2023)], however, subsequent experimental and theoretical investigations have yielded inconsistent results. This study undertakes a systematic examination of synthesis methods involving high temperatures and pressures, leading to insights into the impact of the reaction path on the products and the construction of a phase diagram for lutetium hydrides. Notably, the high-pressure phase of face-centered cubic LuH3 (fcc-LuH3) is maintained to ambient conditions through a high-temperature and high-pressure method. Based on temperature and anharmonic effects corrections, the lattice dynamic calculations demonstrate the stability of fcc-LuH3 at ambient conditions. However, no superconductivity is observed above 2 K in resistance and magnetization measurements in fcc-LuH3 at ambient pressure. This work establishes a comprehensive synthesis approach for lutetium hydrides, thereby enhancing the understanding of the high-temperature and high-pressure method employed in hydrides with superconductivity deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Synergetic Extreme Condition High‐Pressure Science CenterState Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
- Asian School of the EnvironmentNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Ying Wang
- Synergetic Extreme Condition High‐Pressure Science CenterState Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Yuhao Fu
- Synergetic Extreme Condition High‐Pressure Science CenterState Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Simon A. T. Redfern
- Asian School of the EnvironmentNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Shuqing Jiang
- Synergetic Extreme Condition High‐Pressure Science CenterState Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Pinwen Zhu
- Synergetic Extreme Condition High‐Pressure Science CenterState Key Laboratory of Superhard MaterialsCollege of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Tian Cui
- Institute of High Pressure PhysicsSchool of Physical Scientific and TechnologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China
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5
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Verma AK, Mishra AK, Modak P. Novel ground state structures of N-doped LuH 3. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:425702. [PMID: 38955341 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad5e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Ab-initiocrystal structure searches have played a pivotal role in recent discoveries of high-Tc hydride superconductors under high pressure. Using evolutionary crystal searches, we predict novel ground state structures of N-doped LuH3at ambient conditions. We find an insulating ground state structure for LuN0.125H2.875(∼1.0 wt.% N), contrary to earlier studies where assumed structures were all metallic. This insulating behavior of ground state was found to persist up to ∼45 GPa. However our crystal structure searches revealed a metallic state for an H-deficient variant of LuN0.125H2.875. We study bonding characteristics of important structures by calculating electronic density of states, electronic-localization functions and Bader charges. Our Bader charge analysis shows that insulators have both H+and H-ions whereas metals have only H-ions. We find that H+ions are bonded to N atomsviaa very short covalent bond. Thus we identify a clear relationship between formation of N-H bonds and insulating behavior of materials. Besides this, we perform crystal structure searches for three more compositions with higher N-content (>1.0 wt.%). Analysis of electronic properties shows that the ground states of these compositions are insulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Verma
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ajay K Mishra
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - P Modak
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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6
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Wittau J, Seifert R. How to fight fake papers: a review on important information sources and steps towards solution of the problem. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03272-8. [PMID: 38970685 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Scientific fake papers, containing manipulated or completely fabricated data, are a problem that has reached dramatic dimensions. Companies known as paper mills (or more bluntly as "criminal science publishing gangs") produce and sell such fake papers on a large scale. The main drivers of the fake paper flood are the pressure in academic systems and (monetary) incentives to publish in respected scientific journals and sometimes the personal desire for increased "prestige." Published fake papers cause substantial scientific, economic, and social damage. There are numerous information sources that deal with this topic from different points of view. This review aims to provide an overview of these information sources until June 2024. Much more original research with larger datasets is needed, for example on the extent and impact of the fake paper problem and especially on how to detect them, as many findings are based more on small datasets, anecdotal evidence, and assumptions. A long-term solution would be to overcome the mantra of publication metrics for evaluating scientists in academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wittau
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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7
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Zhang FC, Mao HK, Xie XC. The preface: Toward higher- T c superconductivity under lower pressure-from binary to ternary superhydrides. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae210. [PMID: 39055167 PMCID: PMC11272069 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This is the Preface to Special Topic: Challenges to Achieving Room-Temperature Superconductivity in Superhydrides under Pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chun Zhang
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Xie
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, China
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8
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Mao HK. Pressure-induced hydrogen-dominant high-temperature superconductors. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae004. [PMID: 38883301 PMCID: PMC11173183 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The century-old pursuit of room temperature superconductivity has finally been reached in highly compressed hydrogen-dominant compounds. Future efforts will be focused on understanding the high-pressure hydrogen physics and ambient-pressure applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kwang Mao
- Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, China
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9
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Sun Y, Zhong X, Liu H, Ma Y. Clathrate metal superhydrides under high-pressure conditions: enroute to room-temperature superconductivity. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad270. [PMID: 38883291 PMCID: PMC11173197 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Room-temperature superconductivity has been a long-held dream of mankind and a focus of considerable interest in the research field of superconductivity. Significant progress has recently been achieved in hydrogen-based superconductors found in superhydrides (hydrides with unexpectedly high hydrogen contents) that are stabilized under high-pressure conditions and are not capturable at ambient conditions. Of particular interest is the discovery of a class of best-ever-known superconductors in clathrate metal superhydrides that hold the record for high superconductivity (e.g. T c = 250-260 K for LaH10) among known superconductors and have great promise to be those that realize the long-sought room-temperature superconductivity. In these peculiar clathrate superhydrides, hydrogen forms unusual 'clathrate' cages containing encaged metal atoms, of which such a kind was first reported in a calcium hexa-superhydride (CaH6) showing a measured high T c of 215 K under a pressure of 170 GPa. In this review, we aim to offer an overview of the current status of research progress on the clathrate metal superhydride superconductors, discuss the superconducting mechanism and highlight the key features (e.g. structure motifs, bonding features, electronic structure, etc.) that govern the high-temperature superconductivity. Future research direction along this line to find room-temperature superconductors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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10
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Peng D, Zeng Q, Lan F, Xing Z, Zeng Z, Ke X, Ding Y, Mao HK. Origin of the near-room temperature resistance transition in lutetium with H 2/N 2 gas mixture under high pressure. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad337. [PMID: 38883294 PMCID: PMC11173200 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent report of room-temperature superconductivity at near-ambient pressure in nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride (Lu-H-N) by Dasenbrock-Gammon et al. [Nature 615, 244-250 (2023)] has attracted tremendous attention due to its anticipated great impact on technology. However, the results could not be independently reproduced by other groups worldwide in follow-up studies, which elicited intense controversy. Here, we develop a reliable experimental protocol to minimize the extensively concerned extrinsic influences on the sample by starting the reaction from pure lutetium loaded with an H2/N2 gas mixture in a diamond anvil cell under different pressures and temperatures and simultaneously monitoring the entire chemical reaction process using in situ four-probe resistance measurements. Therefore, we could repeatedly reproduce the near-room temperature upsurge of electrical resistance at a relatively early stage of the chemical reaction. However, the mechanism is suggested to be a metal-to-semiconductor/insulator transition associated with the structural modulation in the non-stoichiometric Lu-H-N, rather than superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Peng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiaoshi Zeng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Material Frontiers Research in Extreme Environments (MFree), Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences (SHARPS), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fujun Lan
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenfang Xing
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Institute of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhidan Zeng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoxing Ke
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Material Frontiers Research in Extreme Environments (MFree), Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences (SHARPS), Shanghai 201203, China
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Chen J, Lin L, Tu Q, Peng Q, Wang X, Liang C, Zhou J, Yu X. Metagenomic-based discovery and comparison of the lignin degrading potential of microbiomes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems via the LCdb database. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13950. [PMID: 38567644 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, as an abundant organic carbon, plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle. However, our understanding of the global lignin-degrading microbiome remains elusive. The greatest barrier has been absence of a comprehensive and accurate functional gene database. Here, we first developed a curated functional gene database (LCdb) for metagenomic profiling of lignin degrading microbial consortia. Via the LCdb, we draw a clear picture describing the global biogeography of communities with lignin-degrading potential. They exhibit clear niche differentiation at the levels of taxonomy and functional traits. The terrestrial microbiomes showed the highest diversity, yet the lowest correlations. In particular, there were few correlations between genes involved in aerobic and anaerobic degradation pathways, showing a clear functional redundancy property. In contrast, enhanced correlations, especially closer inter-connections between anaerobic and aerobic groups, were observed in aquatic consortia in response to the lower diversity. Specifically, dypB and dypA, are widespread on Earth, indicating their essential roles in lignin depolymerization. Estuarine and marine consortia featured the laccase and mnsod genes, respectively. Notably, the roles of archaea in lignin degradation were revealed in marine ecosystems. Environmental factors strongly influenced functional traits, but weakly shaped taxonomic groups. Null mode analysis further verified that composition of functional traits was deterministic, while taxonomic composition was highly stochastic, demonstrating that the environment selects functional genes rather than taxonomic groups. Our study not only develops a useful tool to study lignin degrading microbial communities via metagenome sequencing but also advances our understanding of ecological traits of these global microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Chen
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qichao Tu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiannan Peng
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Congying Liang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiayin Zhou
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Zhao W, Huang X, Zhang Z, Chen S, Du M, Duan D, Cui T. Superconducting ternary hydrides: progress and challenges. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad307. [PMID: 38883295 PMCID: PMC11173187 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the high-temperature superconductors H3S and LaH10 under high pressure, compressed hydrides have received extensive attention as promising candidates for room-temperature superconductors. As a result of current high-pressure theoretical and experimental studies, it is now known that almost all the binary hydrides with a high superconducting transition temperature (T c) require extremely high pressure to remain stable, hindering any practical application. In order to further lower the stable pressure and improve superconductivity, researchers have started exploring ternary hydrides and had many achievements in recent years. Here, we discuss recent progress in ternary hydrides, aiming to deepen the understanding of the key factors regulating the structural stability and superconductivity of ternary hydrides, such as structural motifs, bonding features, electronic structures, electron-phonon coupling, etc. Furthermore, the current issues and challenges of superconducting ternary hydrides are presented, together with the prospects and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhao
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mingyang Du
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Defang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tian Cui
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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13
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Liu P, Wang C, Zhang D, Wang X, Duan D, Liu Z, Cui T. Strategies for improving the superconductivity of hydrides under high pressure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:353001. [PMID: 38754446 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad4ccc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The successful prediction and confirmation of unprecedentedly high-temperature superconductivity in compressed hydrogen-rich hydrides signify a remarkable advancement in the continuous quest for attaining room-temperature superconductivity. The recent studies have established a broad scope for developing binary and ternary hydrides and illustrated correlation between specific hydrogen motifs and high-Tcs under high pressures. The analysis of the microscopic mechanism of superconductivity in hydrides suggests that the high electronic density of states at the Fermi level (EF), the large phonon energy scale of the vibration modes and the resulting enhanced electron-phonon coupling are crucial contributors towards the high-Tcphonon-mediated superconductors. The aim of our efforts is to tackle forthcoming challenges associated with elevating theTcand reducing the stabilization pressures of hydrogen-based superconductors, and offer insights for the future discoveries of room-temperature superconductors. Our present Review offers an overview and analysis of the latest advancements in predicting and experimentally synthesizing various crystal structures, while also exploring strategies to enhance the superconductivity and reducing their stabilization pressures of hydrogen-rich hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengye Liu
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Wang
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Defang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Cui
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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14
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Tang BL. Publishing important work that lacks validity or reproducibility - pushing frontiers or corrupting science? Account Res 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38698587 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2024.2345714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Scientific research requires objectivity, impartiality and stringency. However, scholarly literature is littered with preliminary and explorative findings that lack reproducibility or validity. Some low-quality papers with perceived high impact have become publicly notable. The collective effort of fellow researchers who follow these false leads down blind alleys and impasses is a waste of time and resources, and this is particularly damaging for early career researchers. Furthermore, the lay public might also be affected by socioeconomic repercussions associated with the findings. It is arguable that the nature of scientific research is such that its frontiers are moved and shaped by cycles of published claims inducing in turn rounds of validation by others. Using recent example cases of room-temperature superconducting materials research, I argue instead that publication of perceptibly important or spectacular claims that lack reproducibility or validity is epistemically and socially irresponsible. This is even more so if authors refuse to share research materials and raw data for verification by others. Such acts do not advance, but would instead corrupt science, and should be prohibited by consensual governing rules on material and data sharing within the research community, with malpractices appropriately sanctioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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15
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Wong D, Harding S, Johnson M. The future of academic integrity in the age of artificial intelligence. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1375-1376. [PMID: 38558259 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Wong
- Department of Eye and Visual Science, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Simon Harding
- Department of Eye and Visual Science, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Mark Johnson
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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16
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Garisto D. Judge dismisses superconductivity physicist's lawsuit against university. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-01231-0. [PMID: 38671275 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
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17
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Retractions are part of science, but misconduct isn't - lessons from a superconductivity lab. Nature 2024; 628:689-690. [PMID: 38658690 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
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18
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Almeida NMS, Welch BK, North SC, Wilson AK. Unraveling the electronic structure of LuH, LuN, and LuNH: building blocks of new materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10427-10438. [PMID: 38502323 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00533c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Advances in superconductor technology have been pursued for decades, moving towards room temperature models, such as a postulated nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride network. While experimental observations have been contradictory, insight into the building blocks of potential new superconductor materials can be gained theoretically, unravelling the fascinating electronic structure of these compounds at a molecular level. Here, the fundamental building blocks of lutetium materials (LuH, LuN, and LuNH) have been examined. The structures, spectroscopic constants for the ground and excited states, and the potential energy curves have been obtained for these species using complete active self-consistent field (CASSCF) and multireference configuration interaction with Davidson's correction (MRCI+Q) methods. For LuNH, the energetic properties of its isomers are determined. The bond dissociation energies of the three building blocks are calculated with the state-of-the-art f-block ab initio correlation consistent composite approach (f-ccCA) and the high accuracy extrapolated ab initio thermochemistry (HEAT) scheme. As well, an analysis of different formation pathways of LuNH has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M S Almeida
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48864, USA.
| | - Bradley K Welch
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48864, USA.
| | - Sasha C North
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48864, USA.
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48864, USA.
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19
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Han Y, Ou Y, Sun H, Kopaczek J, Leonel GJ, Guo X, Brugman BL, Leinenweber K, Xu H, Wang M, Tongay S, Navrotsky A. Thermodynamic properties and enhancement of diamagnetism in nitrogen doped lutetium hydride synthesized at high pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321540121. [PMID: 38483993 PMCID: PMC10962990 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321540121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen doped lutetium hydride has drawn global attention in the pursuit of room-temperature superconductivity near ambient pressure and temperature. However, variable synthesis techniques and uncertainty surrounding nitrogen concentration have contributed to extensive debate within the scientific community about this material and its properties. We used a solid-state approach to synthesize nitrogen doped lutetium hydride at high pressure and temperature (HPT) and analyzed the residual starting materials to determine its nitrogen content. High temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry determined the formation enthalpy of LuH1.96N0.02 (LHN) from LuH2 and LuN to be -28.4 ± 11.4 kJ/mol. Magnetic measurements indicated diamagnetism which increased with nitrogen content. Ambient pressure conductivity measurements observed metallic behavior from 5 to 350 K, and the constant and parabolic magnetoresistance changed with increasing temperature. High pressure conductivity measurements revealed that LHN does not exhibit superconductivity up to 26.6 GPa. We compressed LHN in a diamond anvil cell to 13.7 GPa and measured the Raman signal at each step, with no evidence of any phase transition. Despite the absence of superconductivity, a color change from blue to purple to red was observed with increasing pressure. Thus, our findings confirm the thermodynamic stability of LHN, do not support superconductivity, and provide insights into the origins of its diamagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Han
- Center for Materials of the Universe, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Yunbo Ou
- School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Hualei Sun
- School of Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen518107, R.P. China
| | - Jan Kopaczek
- School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław50-370, Poland
| | - Gerson J. Leonel
- Center for Materials of the Universe, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Xin Guo
- Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Benjamin L. Brugman
- Center for Materials of the Universe, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Kurt Leinenweber
- Center for Materials of the Universe, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Hongwu Xu
- Center for Materials of the Universe, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Meng Wang
- Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510275, R.P. China
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Alexandra Navrotsky
- Center for Materials of the Universe, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
- School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
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20
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Aslandukova A, Aslandukov A, Laniel D, Yin Y, Akbar FI, Bykov M, Fedotenko T, Glazyrin K, Pakhomova A, Garbarino G, Bright EL, Wright J, Hanfland M, Chariton S, Prakapenka V, Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L. Diverse high-pressure chemistry in Y-NH 3BH 3 and Y-paraffin oil systems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl5416. [PMID: 38478619 PMCID: PMC10936948 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The yttrium-hydrogen system has gained attention because of near-ambient temperature superconductivity reports in yttrium hydrides at high pressures. We conducted a study using synchrotron single-crystal x-ray diffraction (SCXRD) at 87 to 171 GPa, resulting in the discovery of known (two YH3 phases) and five previously unknown yttrium hydrides. These were synthesized in diamond anvil cells by laser heating yttrium with hydrogen-rich precursors-ammonia borane or paraffin oil. The arrangements of yttrium atoms in the crystal structures of new phases were determined on the basis of SCXRD, and the hydrogen content estimations based on empirical relations and ab initio calculations revealed the following compounds: Y3H11, Y2H9, Y4H23, Y13H75, and Y4H25. The study also uncovered a carbide (YC2) and two yttrium allotropes. Complex phase diversity, variable hydrogen content in yttrium hydrides, and their metallic nature, as revealed by ab initio calculations, underline the challenges in identifying superconducting phases and understanding electronic transitions in high-pressure synthesized materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Aslandukova
- Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (BGI), University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andrey Aslandukov
- Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (BGI), University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dominique Laniel
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Yuqing Yin
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fariia Iasmin Akbar
- Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (BGI), University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Maxim Bykov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Timofey Fedotenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Pakhomova
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Gaston Garbarino
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | | | - Jonathan Wright
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Michael Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Stella Chariton
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vitali Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Natalia Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Leonid Dubrovinsky
- Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (BGI), University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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21
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Garisto D. Superconductivity scandal: the inside story of deception in a rising star's physics lab. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00716-2. [PMID: 38459343 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
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22
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Setty C, Baggioli M, Zaccone A. Anharmonic theory of superconductivity and its applications to emerging quantum materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:173002. [PMID: 38252997 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The role of anharmonicity on superconductivity has often been disregarded in the past. Recently, it has been recognized that anharmonic decoherence could play a fundamental role in determining the superconducting properties (electron-phonon coupling, critical temperature, etc) of a large class of materials, including systems close to structural soft-mode instabilities, amorphous solids and metals under extreme high-pressure conditions. Here, we review recent theoretical progress on the role of anharmonic effects, and in particular certain universal properties of anharmonic damping, on superconductivity. Our focus regards the combination of microscopic-agnostic effective theories for bosonic mediators with the well-established BCS theory and Migdal-Eliashberg theory for superconductivity. We discuss in detail the theoretical frameworks, their possible implementation within first-principles methods, and the experimental probes for anharmonic decoherence. Finally, we present several concrete applications to emerging quantum materials, including hydrides, ferroelectrics and systems with charge density wave instabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Setty
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States of America
| | - Matteo Baggioli
- Wilczek Quantum Center, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Alessio Zaccone
- Department of Physics 'A. Pontremoli', University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB30HE Cambridge, United Kingdom
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23
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Lucrezi R, Ferreira PP, Aichhorn M, Heil C. Temperature and quantum anharmonic lattice effects on stability and superconductivity in lutetium trihydride. Nat Commun 2024; 15:441. [PMID: 38199988 PMCID: PMC10781996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we resolve conflicting experimental and theoretical findings related to the dynamical stability and superconducting properties of [Formula: see text]-LuH3, which was recently suggested as the parent phase harboring room-temperature superconductivity at near-ambient pressures. Including temperature and quantum anharmonic lattice effects in our calculations, we demonstrate that the theoretically predicted structural instability of the [Formula: see text] phase near ambient pressures is suppressed for temperatures above 200 K. We provide a p-T phase diagram for stability up to pressures of 6 GPa, where the required temperature for stability is reduced to T > 80 K. We also determine the superconducting critical temperature Tc of [Formula: see text]-LuH3 within the Migdal-Eliashberg formalism, using temperature- and quantum-anharmonically-corrected phonon dispersions, finding that the expected Tc for electron-phonon mediated superconductivity is in the range of 50-60 K, i.e., well below the temperatures required to stabilize the lattice. When considering moderate doping based on rigidly shifting the Fermi level, Tc decreases for both hole and electron doping. Our results thus provide evidence that any observed room-temperature superconductivity in pure or doped [Formula: see text]-LuH3, if confirmed, cannot be explained by a conventional electron-phonon mediated pairing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Lucrezi
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pedro P Ferreira
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, DEMAR, 12612-550, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Markus Aichhorn
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Heil
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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24
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Eremets MI, Minkov VS, Drozdov AP, Kong PP. The characterization of superconductivity under high pressure. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:26-27. [PMID: 38172551 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- M I Eremets
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany.
| | - V S Minkov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
| | - A P Drozdov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
| | - P P Kong
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
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25
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Wines D, Choudhary K. Data-driven Design of High Pressure Hydride Superconductors using DFT and Deep Learning. MATERIALS FUTURES 2024; 3:10.1088/2752-5724/ad4a94. [PMID: 38841205 PMCID: PMC11151870 DOI: 10.1088/2752-5724/ad4a94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The observation of superconductivity in hydride-based materials under ultrahigh pressures (for example, H3S and LaH10) has fueled the interest in a more data-driven approach to discovering new high-pressure hydride superconductors. In this work, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to predict the critical temperature (Tc) of over 900 hydride materials under a pressure range of (0 to 500) GPa, where we found 122 dynamically stable structures with a Tc above MgB2 (39 K). To accelerate screening, we trained a graph neural network (GNN) model to predict Tc and demonstrated that a universal machine learned force-field can be used to relax hydride structures under arbitrary pressures, with significantly reduced cost. By combining DFT and GNNs, we can establish a more complete map of hydrides under pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wines
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Kamal Choudhary
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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26
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Hu K, Geng Y, Yu J, Gu Y. Crystal structure prediction and non-superconductivity of N-doped LuH 3at near ambient pressure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 36:085401. [PMID: 37934039 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad0a4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide polyhydrides, which have attracted the attention of researchers, are considered as a potential candidate material for high-temperature superconductivity. Especially, it is reported that N-doped LuH3exhibits near ambient superconductivity recently. It has attracted attention to room temperature superconductivity of ternary Lu-N-H systems at near ambient pressure. Here, we constructed a LuNH3(N-doped LuH3) compound to predict the crystal structural at relatively low pressures. We found a stable ternary LuNH3structure with a tetragonalP4mmphase under 5 GPa. In addition, ourTccalculations show that theP4mmLuNH3structure does not exhibit superconductivity down to 0.3 K at near ambient pressure due to the H atoms hardly contribute to acoustical phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Energy Scale Physics and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixing Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqing Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Energy Scale Physics and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiu Gu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
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27
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Castelvecchi D. Why superconductor research is in a 'golden age' - despite controversy. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03551-z. [PMID: 37974040 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
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28
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Wang B, Hilleke KP, Hajinazar S, Frapper G, Zurek E. Structurally Constrained Evolutionary Algorithm for the Discovery and Design of Metastable Phases. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7960-7971. [PMID: 37856841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Metastable materials are abundant in nature and technology, showcasing remarkable properties that inspire innovative materials design. However, traditional crystal structure prediction methods, which rely solely on energetic factors to determine a structure's fitness, are not suitable for predicting the vast number of potentially synthesizable phases that represent a local minimum corresponding to a state in thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, we present a new approach for the prediction of metastable phases with specific structural features and interface this method with the XtalOpt evolutionary algorithm. Our method relies on structural features that include the local crystalline order (e.g, the coordination number or chemical environment), and symmetry (e.g, Bravais lattice and space group) to filter the breeding pool of an evolutionary crystal structure search. The effectiveness of this approach is benchmarked on three known metastable systems: XeN8, with a two-dimensional polymeric nitrogen sublattice, brookite TiO2, and a high pressure BaH4 phase, which was recently characterized. Additionally, a newly predicted metastable melaminate salt, P1̅ WC3N6, was found to possess an energy that is lower than that of two phases proposed in a recent computational study. The method presented here could help in identifying the structures of compounds that have already been synthesized, and in developing new synthesis targets with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Katerina P Hilleke
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Samad Hajinazar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Gilles Frapper
- Applied Quantum Chemistry Group, E4 Team, IC2MP UMR 7285, Université de Poitiers, CNRS, Poitiers 86073, France
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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29
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Kim SW, Conway LJ, Pickard CJ, Pascut GL, Monserrat B. Microscopic theory of colour in lutetium hydride. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7360. [PMID: 37963870 PMCID: PMC10646004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride has recently been proposed as a near-ambient-conditions superconductor. Interestingly, the sample transforms from blue to pink to red as a function of pressure, but only the pink phase is claimed to be superconducting. Subsequent experimental studies have failed to reproduce the superconductivity, but have observed pressure-driven colour changes including blue, pink, red, violet, and orange. However, discrepancies exist among these experiments regarding the sequence and pressure at which these colour changes occur. Given the claimed relationship between colour and superconductivity, understanding colour changes in nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride may hold the key to clarifying the possible superconductivity in this compound. Here, we present a full microscopic theory of colour in lutetium hydride, revealing that hydrogen-deficient LuH2 is the only phase which exhibits colour changes under pressure consistent with experimental reports, with a sequence blue-violet-pink-red-orange. The concentration of hydrogen vacancies controls the precise sequence and pressure of colour changes, rationalising seemingly contradictory experiments. Nitrogen doping also modifies the colour of LuH2 but it plays a secondary role compared to hydrogen vacancies. Therefore, we propose hydrogen-deficient LuH2 as the key phase for exploring the superconductivity claim in the lutetium-hydrogen system. Finally, we find no phonon-mediated superconductivity near room temperature in the pink phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Lewis J Conway
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Chris J Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - G Lucian Pascut
- MANSiD Research Center and Faculty of Forestry, Stefan Cel Mare University (USV), Suceava, 720229, Romania
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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30
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Castelvecchi D. Nature retracts controversial superconductivity paper by embattled physicist. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-03398-4. [PMID: 37935863 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
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31
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Xing X, Wang C, Yu L, Xu J, Zhang C, Zhang M, Huang S, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yang B, Chen X, Zhang Y, Guo J, Shi Z, Ma Y, Chen C, Liu X. Observation of non-superconducting phase changes in nitrogen doped lutetium hydrides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5991. [PMID: 37752133 PMCID: PMC10522599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent report of near-ambient superconductivity and associated color changes in pressurized nitrogen doped lutetium hydride has triggered worldwide interest and raised major questions about the nature and underlying physics of these latest claims. Here we report synthesis and characterization of high-purity nitrogen doped lutetium hydride LuH2±xNy. We find that pressure conditions have notable effects on Lu-N and Lu-NH chemical bonding and the color changes likely stem from pressure-induced electron redistribution of nitrogen/vacancies and interaction with the LuH2 framework. No superconducting transition is found in all the phases at temperatures 1.8-300 K and pressures 0-38 GPa. Instead, we identify a notable temperature-induced resistance anomaly of electronic origin in LuH2±xNy, which is most pronounced in the pink phase and may have been erroneously interpreted as a sign of superconducting transition. This work establishes key benchmarks for nitrogen doped lutetium hydrides, allowing an in-depth understanding of its novel pressure-induced phase changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhuo Xing
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Linchao Yu
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Chutong Zhang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Mengge Zhang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Song Huang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Yunxian Liu
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Bingchao Yang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Jiangang Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Shi
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- Innovation Center for Computational Methods & Software, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Changfeng Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Laboratory of High Pressure Physics and Material Science (HPPMS), School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
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32
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Ferreira PP, Conway LJ, Cucciari A, Di Cataldo S, Giannessi F, Kogler E, Eleno LTF, Pickard CJ, Heil C, Boeri L. Search for ambient superconductivity in the Lu-N-H system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5367. [PMID: 37666834 PMCID: PMC10477194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivated by the recent report of room-temperature superconductivity at near-ambient pressure in N-doped lutetium hydride, we performed a comprehensive, detailed study of the phase diagram of the Lu-N-H system, looking for superconducting phases. We combined ab initio crystal structure prediction with ephemeral data-derived interatomic potentials to sample over 200,000 different structures. Out of the more than 150 structures predicted to be metastable within ~50 meV from the convex hull we identify 52 viable candidates for conventional superconductivity, for which we computed their superconducting properties from Density Functional Perturbation Theory. Although for some of these structures we do predict a finite superconducting Tc, none is even remotely compatible with room-temperature superconductivity as reported by Dasenbrock et al. Our work joins the broader community effort that has followed the report of near-ambient superconductivity, confirming beyond reasonable doubt that no conventional mechanism can explain the reported Tc in Lu-N-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P Ferreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, DEMAR, 12612-550, Lorena, Brazil
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lewis J Conway
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB30FS, UK
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Alessio Cucciari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Enrico Fermi Research Center, Via Panisperna 89 A, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Di Cataldo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Wien University of Technology, 1040, Wien, Austria
| | - Federico Giannessi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Enrico Fermi Research Center, Via Panisperna 89 A, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Kogler
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Luiz T F Eleno
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, DEMAR, 12612-550, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Chris J Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB30FS, UK.
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Christoph Heil
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Lilia Boeri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Enrico Fermi Research Center, Via Panisperna 89 A, 00184, Rome, Italy.
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33
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Cartlidge E. Why a blockbuster superconductivity claim met a wall of scepticism. Nature 2023; 621:26-30. [PMID: 37673994 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
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34
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Garisto D. 'A very disturbing picture': another retraction imminent for controversial physicist. Nature 2023; 620:14-16. [PMID: 37491414 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
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35
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Ming X, Zhang YJ, Zhu X, Li Q, He C, Liu Y, Huang T, Liu G, Zheng B, Yang H, Sun J, Xi X, Wen HH. Absence of near-ambient superconductivity in LuH 2±xN y. Nature 2023; 620:72-77. [PMID: 37168015 PMCID: PMC10396964 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A recent study demonstrated near-ambient superconductivity in nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride1. This stimulated a worldwide interest in exploring room-temperature superconductivity at low pressures. Here, by using a high-pressure and high-temperature synthesis technique, we have obtained nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride (LuH2±xNy), which has a dark-blue colour and a structure with the space group [Formula: see text] as evidenced by X-ray diffraction. This structure is the same as that reported in ref. 1, with a slight difference in lattice constant. Raman spectroscopy of our samples also showed patterns similar to those observed in ref. 1. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of nitrogen in the samples. We observed a metallic behaviour from 350 K to 2 K at ambient pressure. On applying pressures from 2.1 GPa to 41 GPa, we observed a gradual colour change from dark blue to violet to pink-red. By measuring the resistance at pressures ranging from 0.4 GPa to 40.1 GPa, we observed a progressively improved metallic behaviour; however, superconductivity was not observed above 2 K. Temperature dependence of magnetization at high pressure shows a very weak positive signal between 100 K and 320 K, and the magnetization increases with an increase in magnetic field at 100 K. All of these are not expected for superconductivity above 100 K. Thus, we conclude the absence of near-ambient superconductivity in this nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride at pressures below 40.1 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ming
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qing Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chengping He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuecong Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianheng Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gan Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Hu Wen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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36
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Tao X, Yang A, Yang S, Quan Y, Zhang P. Leading components and pressure-induced color changes in N-doped lutetium hydride. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023:S2095-9273(23)00377-8. [PMID: 37349163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental study by Dasenbrock-Gammon et al. (Nature 2023;615:244) claims to have discovered room-temperature superconductivity in lutetium-nitrogen-hydrogen system at 1 GPa, which sheds light on the long-held dream of ambient superconductivity. However, all follow-up experiments found no evidence of superconductivity. The compositions and the crystal structures of the lutetium-nitrogen-hydrogen system remain unknown. By employing the density functional theory based structure prediction algorithm, we suggest that in lutetium-nitrogen-hydrogen the major component is LuH2 (Fm3¯m), together with minor LuN (Fm3¯m). The blue LuH2 at ambient pressure will turn into purple and red color at higher pressures, possibly accompanied by the formation of vacancies at hydrogen-sites. In LuH2 and LuN, the density of states at the Fermi level is dominated by the Lu-5d orbitals, while those from hydrogen and nitrogen are very small, leading to the absence of superconductivity in these two compounds. Nitrogen-doping to LuH2 fails to enhance the superconductivity as well. In this work, we identify the leading components in N-doped lutetium hydride, explain its intriguing color changes under pressure, and elucidate why superconductivity is absent in the follow-up experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Aiqin Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | | | - Yundi Quan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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37
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Zhao X, Shan P, Wang N, Li Y, Xu Y, Cheng J. Pressure tuning of optical reflectivity in LuH 2. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:883-886. [PMID: 37061411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pengfei Shan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yunliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jinguang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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38
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Ball P. Superconductivity feels the heat. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:404. [PMID: 37002501 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
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