1
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Menon SG, Glachman N, Pompili M, Dibos A, Bernien H. An integrated atom array-nanophotonic chip platform with background-free imaging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6156. [PMID: 39039068 PMCID: PMC11263554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Arrays of neutral atoms trapped in optical tweezers have emerged as a leading platform for quantum information processing and quantum simulation due to their scalability, reconfigurable connectivity, and high-fidelity operations. Individual atoms are promising candidates for quantum networking due to their capability to emit indistinguishable photons that are entangled with their internal atomic states. Integrating atom arrays with photonic interfaces would enable distributed architectures in which nodes hosting many processing qubits could be efficiently linked together via the distribution of remote entanglement. However, many atom array techniques cease to work in close proximity to photonic interfaces, with atom detection via standard fluorescence imaging presenting a major challenge due to scattering from nearby photonic devices. Here, we demonstrate an architecture that combines atom arrays with up to 64 optical tweezers and a millimeter-scale photonic chip hosting more than 100 nanophotonic cavities. We achieve high-fidelity ( ~ 99.2%), background-free imaging in close proximity to nanofabricated cavities using a multichromatic excitation and detection scheme. The atoms can be imaged while trapped a few hundred nanometers above the dielectric surface, which we verify using Stark shift measurements of the modified trapping potential. Finally, we rearrange atoms into defect-free arrays and load them simultaneously onto the same or multiple devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar G Menon
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Noah Glachman
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Matteo Pompili
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Alan Dibos
- Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Molecular Engineering, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Hannes Bernien
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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2
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Wang Y, Simsek S, Gatterman TM, Gerber JA, Gilmore K, Gresh D, Hewitt N, Horst CV, Matheny M, Mengle T, Neyenhuis B, Criger B. Fault-tolerant one-bit addition with the smallest interesting color code. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado9024. [PMID: 39028817 PMCID: PMC11259164 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado9024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Fault-tolerant operations based on stabilizer codes are the state of the art in suppressing error rates in quantum computations. Most such codes do not permit a straightforward implementation of non-Clifford logical operations, which are necessary to define a universal gate set. As a result, implementations of these operations must use either error-correcting codes with more complicated error correction procedures or gate teleportation and magic states, which are prepared at the logical level, increasing overhead to a degree that precludes near-term implementation. Here, we implement a small quantum algorithm, one-qubit addition, fault-tolerantly on a trapped-ion quantum computer, using the [Formula: see text] color code. By removing unnecessary error correction circuits and using low-overhead techniques for fault-tolerant preparation and measurement, we reduce the number of error-prone two-qubit gates and measurements to 36. We observe arithmetic errors with a rate of ∼1.1 × 10-3 for the fault-tolerant circuit and ∼9.5 × 10-3 for the unencoded circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, ZAQuant University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 13, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Selwyn Simsek
- Quantinuum Terrington House, 13–15 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1NL, UK
| | | | | | - Kevin Gilmore
- Quantinuum 303 South Technology Ct., Broomfield, CO 80021, USA
| | - Dan Gresh
- Quantinuum 303 South Technology Ct., Broomfield, CO 80021, USA
| | - Nathan Hewitt
- Quantinuum 303 South Technology Ct., Broomfield, CO 80021, USA
| | | | | | - Tanner Mengle
- Quantinuum 303 South Technology Ct., Broomfield, CO 80021, USA
| | - Brian Neyenhuis
- Quantinuum 303 South Technology Ct., Broomfield, CO 80021, USA
| | - Ben Criger
- Quantinuum Terrington House, 13–15 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1NL, UK
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE)
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3
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Tao R, Ammenwerth M, Gyger F, Bloch I, Zeiher J. High-Fidelity Detection of Large-Scale Atom Arrays in an Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:013401. [PMID: 39042791 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in quantum simulation based on neutral atoms have largely benefited from high-resolution, single-atom sensitive imaging techniques. A variety of approaches have been developed to achieve such local detection of atoms in optical lattices or optical tweezers. For alkaline-earth and alkaline-earth-like atoms, the presence of narrow optical transitions opens up the possibility of performing novel types of Sisyphus cooling, where the cooling mechanism originates from the capability to spatially resolve the differential optical level shifts in the trap potential. Up to now, it has been an open question whether high-fidelity imaging could be achieved in a "repulsive Sisyphus" configuration, where the trap depth of the ground state exceeds that of the excited state involved in cooling. Here, we demonstrate high-fidelity (99.971(1)%) and high-survival (99.80(5)%) imaging of strontium atoms using repulsive Sisyphus cooling. We use an optical lattice as a pinning potential for atoms in a large-scale tweezer array with up to 399 tweezers and show repeated, high-fidelity lattice-tweezer-lattice transfers. We furthermore demonstrate loading the lattice with approximately 10 000 atoms directly from the MOT and scalable imaging over >10 000 lattice sites with a combined survival probability and classification fidelity better than 99.2%. Our lattice thus serves as a locally addressable and sortable reservoir for continuous refilling of optical tweezer arrays in the future.
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4
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Joshi LK, Franke J, Rath A, Ares F, Murciano S, Kranzl F, Blatt R, Zoller P, Vermersch B, Calabrese P, Roos CF, Joshi MK. Observing the Quantum Mpemba Effect in Quantum Simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:010402. [PMID: 39042798 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The nonequilibrium physics of many-body quantum systems harbors various unconventional phenomena. In this Letter, we experimentally investigate one of the most puzzling of these phenomena-the quantum Mpemba effect, where a tilted ferromagnet restores its symmetry more rapidly when it is farther from the symmetric state compared to when it is closer. We present the first experimental evidence of the occurrence of this effect in a trapped-ion quantum simulator. The symmetry breaking and restoration are monitored through entanglement asymmetry, probed via randomized measurements, and postprocessed using the classical shadows technique. Our findings are further substantiated by measuring the Frobenius distance between the experimental state and the stationary thermal symmetric theoretical state, offering direct evidence of subsystem thermalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Kh Joshi
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- SISSA and INFN, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Johannes Franke
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Experimental Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aniket Rath
- Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sara Murciano
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, and Department of Physics and IQIM, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Florian Kranzl
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Experimental Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Blatt
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Experimental Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Zoller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benoît Vermersch
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Univiversité Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pasquale Calabrese
- SISSA and INFN, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian F Roos
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Experimental Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manoj K Joshi
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Experimental Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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5
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Wang HR, Yuan D, Zhang SY, Wang Z, Deng DL, Duan LM. Embedding Quantum Many-Body Scars into Decoherence-Free Subspaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:150401. [PMID: 38683009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.150401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Quantum many-body scars are nonthermal excited eigenstates of nonintegrable Hamiltonians, which could support coherent revival dynamics from special initial states when scars form an equally spaced tower in the energy spectrum. For open quantum systems, engineering many-body scarred dynamics by a controlled coupling to the environment remains largely unexplored. Here, we provide a general framework to exactly embed quantum many-body scars into the decoherence-free subspaces of Lindblad master equations. The dissipative scarred dynamics manifest persistent periodic oscillations for generic initial states, and can be practically utilized to prepare scar states with potential quantum metrology applications. We construct the Liouvillian dissipators with the local projectors that annihilate the whole scar towers, and utilize the Hamiltonian part to rotate the undesired states out of the null space of dissipators. We demonstrate our protocol through several typical models hosting many-body scar towers and propose an experimental scheme to observe the dissipative scarred dynamics based on digital quantum simulations and resetting ancilla qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ran Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yuan
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Yao Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ling Deng
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - L-M Duan
- Center for Quantum Information, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, 41st Floor, AI Tower, No. 701 Yunjin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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6
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Liang S, Cheng J, Qin J, Li J, Shi Y, Yan Z, Jia X, Xie C, Peng K. High-Speed Quantum Radio-Frequency-Over-Light Communication. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:140802. [PMID: 38640392 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.140802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Quantum dense coding (QDC) means to transmit two classical bits by only transferring one quantum bit, which has enabled high-capacity information transmission and strengthened system security. Continuous-variable QDC offers a promising solution to increase communication rates while achieving seamless integration with classical communication systems. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a high-speed quantum radio-frequency-over-light (RFOL) communication scheme based on QDC with an entangled state, and achieve a practical rate of 20 Mbps through digital modulation and RFOL communication. This scheme bridges the gap between quantum technology and real-world communication systems, which bring QDC closer to practical applications and offer prospects for further enhancement of metropolitan communication networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiliang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Changde Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunchi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
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7
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Vilas NB, Robichaud P, Hallas C, Li GK, Anderegg L, Doyle JM. An optical tweezer array of ultracold polyatomic molecules. Nature 2024; 628:282-286. [PMID: 38570690 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Polyatomic molecules have rich structural features that make them uniquely suited to applications in quantum information science1-3, quantum simulation4-6, ultracold chemistry7 and searches for physics beyond the standard model8-10. However, a key challenge is fully controlling both the internal quantum state and the motional degrees of freedom of the molecules. Here we demonstrate the creation of an optical tweezer array of individual polyatomic molecules, CaOH, with quantum control of their internal quantum state. The complex quantum structure of CaOH results in a non-trivial dependence of the molecules' behaviour on the tweezer light wavelength. We control this interaction and directly and non-destructively image individual molecules in the tweezer array with a fidelity greater than 90%. The molecules are manipulated at the single internal quantum state level, thus demonstrating coherent state control in a tweezer array. The platform demonstrated here will enable a variety of experiments using individual polyatomic molecules with arbitrary spatial arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Vilas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Paige Robichaud
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christian Hallas
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grace K Li
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Loïc Anderegg
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA, USA
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8
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Mashhadi L, Shayeganrad G. Quadrupole excitation of atoms with tightly focused Laguerre-Gaussian beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:12127-12140. [PMID: 38571045 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This article investigates the quadrupole excitation of a trapped atom exposed to the tightly focused Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams with parallel and antiparallel spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) under nonparaxial conditions. The Rabi frequency profile of allowed quadrupole transition channels, modified by SAM and OAM interaction, in the focal plane is provided. In the case of antiparallel SAM and OAM, the excitation probability undergoes substantial modification due to the considerable contribution of longitudinal intensity variations in tightly focused condition. The findings offer insights into controlling localized atom transition, including OAM transfer, with potential applications in qudit-based technologies.
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9
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Chae E, Choi J, Kim J. An elementary review on basic principles and developments of qubits for quantum computing. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:11. [PMID: 38498068 PMCID: PMC10948723 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
An elementary review on principles of qubits and their prospects for quantum computing is provided. Due to its rapid development, quantum computing has attracted considerable attention as a core technology for the next generation and has demonstrated its potential in simulations of exotic materials, molecular structures, and theoretical computer science. To achieve fully error-corrected quantum computers, building a logical qubit from multiple physical qubits is crucial. The number of physical qubits needed depends on their error rates, making error reduction in physical qubits vital. Numerous efforts to reduce errors are ongoing in both existing and emerging quantum systems. Here, the principle and development of qubits, as well as the current status of the field, are reviewed to provide information to researchers from various fields and give insights into this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Chae
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul , 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joonhee Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Junki Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) & Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Yu B, Chu Y, Betzholz R, Zhang S, Cai J. Engineering Artificial Atomic Systems of Giant Electric Dipole Moment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:073202. [PMID: 38427885 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.073202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The electric dipole moment (EDM) plays a crucial role in determining the interaction strength of an atom with electric fields, making it paramount to quantum technologies based on coherent atomic control. We propose a scheme for engineering the potential in a Paul trap to realize a two-level quantum system with a giant EDM formed by the motional states of a trapped electron. We show that, under realistic experimental conditions, our system exhibits enhanced EDMs compared to those attainable with Rydberg atoms, serving as a complementary counterpart in the megahertz (MHz) resonance-frequency range. Furthermore, we show that such artificial atomic dipoles can be efficiently initialized, read out, and coherently controlled, thereby providing a potential platform for quantum technologies such as ultrahigh-sensitivity electric-field sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyi Yu
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaoming Chu
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ralf Betzholz
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaoliang Zhang
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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11
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Bluvstein D, Evered SJ, Geim AA, Li SH, Zhou H, Manovitz T, Ebadi S, Cain M, Kalinowski M, Hangleiter D, Bonilla Ataides JP, Maskara N, Cong I, Gao X, Sales Rodriguez P, Karolyshyn T, Semeghini G, Gullans MJ, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays. Nature 2024; 626:58-65. [PMID: 38056497 PMCID: PMC10830422 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing errors is the central challenge for useful quantum computing1, requiring quantum error correction (QEC)2-6 for large-scale processing. However, the overhead in the realization of error-corrected 'logical' qubits, in which information is encoded across many physical qubits for redundancy2-4, poses substantial challenges to large-scale logical quantum computing. Here we report the realization of a programmable quantum processor based on encoded logical qubits operating with up to 280 physical qubits. Using logical-level control and a zoned architecture in reconfigurable neutral-atom arrays7, our system combines high two-qubit gate fidelities8, arbitrary connectivity7,9, as well as fully programmable single-qubit rotations and mid-circuit readout10-15. Operating this logical processor with various types of encoding, we demonstrate improvement of a two-qubit logic gate by scaling surface-code6 distance from d = 3 to d = 7, preparation of colour-code qubits with break-even fidelities5, fault-tolerant creation of logical Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states and feedforward entanglement teleportation, as well as operation of 40 colour-code qubits. Finally, using 3D [[8,3,2]] code blocks16,17, we realize computationally complex sampling circuits18 with up to 48 logical qubits entangled with hypercube connectivity19 with 228 logical two-qubit gates and 48 logical CCZ gates20. We find that this logical encoding substantially improves algorithmic performance with error detection, outperforming physical-qubit fidelities at both cross-entropy benchmarking and quantum simulations of fast scrambling21,22. These results herald the advent of early error-corrected quantum computation and chart a path towards large-scale logical processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolev Bluvstein
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simon J Evered
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sophie H Li
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hengyun Zhou
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- QuEra Computing Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tom Manovitz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Madelyn Cain
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Dominik Hangleiter
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Nishad Maskara
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iris Cong
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xun Gao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Giulia Semeghini
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Gullans
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Ham BS. Phase-controlled coherent photons for the quantum correlations in a delayed-choice quantum eraser scheme. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1752. [PMID: 38243015 PMCID: PMC10799079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The delayed-choice quantum eraser has been intensively studied for the wave-particle duality of a single photon in an interferometric system over the last decades. Super-resolution has been studied over decades for quantum sensing to overcome the standard quantum limit. For the super-resolution, either quantum features of higher-order entangled photon pairs or classical features of phase-controlled coherent photons have been successfully demonstrated. Here, a method of classically excited super-resolution is presented for the phase-controlled coherent photons in a quarter-wave plate-modified quantum eraser scheme. To support the underlying physics of the super-resolution, nonlocal correlation is also presented with an additional frequency-polarization basis control via selective product-basis measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung S Ham
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Chumdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
- Qu-Lidar, 123 Chumdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
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13
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Zhao L, Lee MDK, Aliyu MM, Loh H. Floquet-tailored Rydberg interactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7128. [PMID: 37932268 PMCID: PMC10628180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rydberg blockade is a key ingredient for entangling atoms in arrays. However, it requires atoms to be spaced well within the blockade radius, which limits the range of local quantum gates. Here we break this constraint using Floquet frequency modulation, with which we demonstrate Rydberg-blockade entanglement beyond the traditional blockade radius and show how the enlarged entanglement range improves qubit connectivity in a neutral atom array. Further, we find that the coherence of entangled states can be extended under Floquet frequency modulation. Finally, we realize Rydberg anti-blockade states for two sodium Rydberg atoms within the blockade radius. Such Rydberg anti-blockade states for atoms at close range enables the robust preparation of strongly-interacting, long-lived Rydberg states, yet their steady-state population cannot be achieved with only the conventional static drive. Our work transforms between the paradigmatic regimes of Rydberg blockade versus anti-blockade and paves the way for realizing more connected, coherent, and tunable neutral atom quantum processors with a single approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luheng Zhao
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Dao Kang Lee
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Mujahid Aliyu
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huanqian Loh
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Ma S, Liu G, Peng P, Zhang B, Jandura S, Claes J, Burgers AP, Pupillo G, Puri S, Thompson JD. High-fidelity gates and mid-circuit erasure conversion in an atomic qubit. Nature 2023; 622:279-284. [PMID: 37821593 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of scalable, high-fidelity qubits is a key challenge in quantum information science. Neutral atom qubits have progressed rapidly in recent years, demonstrating programmable processors1,2 and quantum simulators with scaling to hundreds of atoms3,4. Exploring new atomic species, such as alkaline earth atoms5-7, or combining multiple species8 can provide new paths to improving coherence, control and scalability. For example, for eventual application in quantum error correction, it is advantageous to realize qubits with structured error models, such as biased Pauli errors9 or conversion of errors into detectable erasures10. Here we demonstrate a new neutral atom qubit using the nuclear spin of a long-lived metastable state in 171Yb. The long coherence time and fast excitation to the Rydberg state allow one- and two-qubit gates with fidelities of 0.9990(1) and 0.980(1), respectively. Importantly, a large fraction of all gate errors result in decays out of the qubit subspace to the ground state. By performing fast, mid-circuit detection of these errors, we convert them into erasure errors; during detection, the induced error probability on qubits remaining in the computational space is less than 10-5. This work establishes metastable 171Yb as a promising platform for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Genyue Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Pai Peng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bichen Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sven Jandura
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, CESQ and ISIS (UMR 7006), aQCess, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jahan Claes
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alex P Burgers
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guido Pupillo
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, CESQ and ISIS (UMR 7006), aQCess, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shruti Puri
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeff D Thompson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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15
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Scholl P, Shaw AL, Tsai RBS, Finkelstein R, Choi J, Endres M. Erasure conversion in a high-fidelity Rydberg quantum simulator. Nature 2023; 622:273-278. [PMID: 37821592 PMCID: PMC10567575 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing and understanding errors is critical for quantum science, both in noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices1 and for the quest towards fault-tolerant quantum computation2,3. Rydberg arrays have emerged as a prominent platform in this context4 with impressive system sizes5,6 and proposals suggesting how error-correction thresholds could be significantly improved by detecting leakage errors with single-atom resolution7,8, a form of erasure error conversion9-12. However, two-qubit entanglement fidelities in Rydberg atom arrays13,14 have lagged behind competitors15,16 and this type of erasure conversion is yet to be realized for matter-based qubits in general. Here we demonstrate both erasure conversion and high-fidelity Bell state generation using a Rydberg quantum simulator5,6,17,18. When excising data with erasure errors observed via fast imaging of alkaline-earth atoms19-22, we achieve a Bell state fidelity of [Formula: see text], which improves to [Formula: see text] when correcting for remaining state-preparation errors. We further apply erasure conversion in a quantum simulation experiment for quasi-adiabatic preparation of long-range order across a quantum phase transition, and reveal the otherwise hidden impact of these errors on the simulation outcome. Our work demonstrates the capability for Rydberg-based entanglement to reach fidelities in the 0.999 regime, with higher fidelities a question of technical improvements, and shows how erasure conversion can be utilized in NISQ devices. These techniques could be translated directly to quantum-error-correction codes with the addition of long-lived qubits7,22-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Scholl
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Shaw
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Joonhee Choi
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Endres
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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