1
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Mok DZ, Tng DJ, Yee JX, Chew VS, Tham CY, Ooi JS, Tan HC, Zhang SL, Lin LZ, Ng WC, Jeeva LL, Murugayee R, Goh KKK, Lim TP, Cui L, Cheung YB, Ong EZ, Chan KR, Ooi EE, Low JG. Electron transport chain capacity expands yellow fever vaccine immunogenicity. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1310-1323. [PMID: 38745062 PMCID: PMC11178804 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has successfully controlled several infectious diseases although better vaccines remain desirable. Host response to vaccination studies have identified correlates of vaccine immunogenicity that could be useful to guide development and selection of future vaccines. However, it remains unclear whether these findings represent mere statistical correlations or reflect functional associations with vaccine immunogenicity. Functional associations, rather than statistical correlates, would offer mechanistic insights into vaccine-induced adaptive immunity. Through a human experimental study to test the immunomodulatory properties of metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, we chanced upon a functional determinant of neutralizing antibodies. Although vaccine viremia is a known correlate of antibody response, we found that in healthy volunteers with no detectable or low yellow fever 17D viremia, metformin-treated volunteers elicited higher neutralizing antibody titers than placebo-treated volunteers. Transcriptional and metabolomic analyses collectively showed that a brief course of metformin, started 3 days prior to YF17D vaccination and stopped at 3 days after vaccination, expanded oxidative phosphorylation and protein translation capacities. These increased capacities directly correlated with YF17D neutralizing antibody titers, with reduced reactive oxygen species response compared to placebo-treated volunteers. Our findings thus demonstrate a functional association between cellular respiration and vaccine-induced humoral immunity and suggest potential approaches to enhancing vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Zl Mok
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danny Jh Tng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Xin Yee
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valerie Sy Chew
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine Yl Tham
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Sg Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Summer L Zhang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lowell Z Lin
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wy Ching Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lavanya Lakshmi Jeeva
- SingHealth Investigational Medicine Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramya Murugayee
- SingHealth Investigational Medicine Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin K-K Goh
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze-Peng Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Cui
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eugenia Z Ong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Translational Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jenny G Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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Ramezani F, Panahi Meymandi AR, Akbari B, Tamtaji OR, Mirzaei H, Brown CE, Mirzaei HR. Outsmarting trogocytosis to boost CAR NK/T cell therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:183. [PMID: 37974170 PMCID: PMC10652537 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK and T cell therapy are promising immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer. However, the efficacy of CAR NK/T cell therapy is often hindered by various factors, including the phenomenon of trogocytosis, which involves the bidirectional exchange of membrane fragments between cells. In this review, we explore the role of trogocytosis in CAR NK/T cell therapy and highlight potential strategies for its modulation to improve therapeutic efficacy. We provide an in-depth analysis of trogocytosis as it relates to the fate and function of NK and T cells, focusing on its effects on cell activation, cytotoxicity, and antigen presentation. We discuss how trogocytosis can mediate transient antigen loss on cancer cells, thereby negatively affecting the effector function of CAR NK/T cells. Additionally, we address the phenomenon of fratricide and trogocytosis-associated exhaustion, which can limit the persistence and effectiveness of CAR-expressing cells. Furthermore, we explore how trogocytosis can impact CAR NK/T cell functionality, including the acquisition of target molecules and the modulation of signaling pathways. To overcome the negative effects of trogocytosis on cellular immunotherapy, we propose innovative approaches to modulate trogocytosis and augment CAR NK/T cell therapy. These strategies encompass targeting trogocytosis-related molecules, engineering CAR NK/T cells to resist trogocytosis-induced exhaustion and leveraging trogocytosis to enhance the function of CAR-expressing cells. By overcoming the limitations imposed by trogocytosis, it may be possible to unleash the full potential of CAR NK/T therapy against cancer. The knowledge and strategies presented in this review will guide future research and development, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes in the field of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ramezani
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Panahi Meymandi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnia Akbari
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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3
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Ribeiro YP, Falcão LFM, Smith VC, de Sousa JR, Pagliari C, Franco ECS, Cruz ACR, Chiang JO, Martins LC, Nunes JAL, Vilacoert FSDS, Santos LCD, Furlaneto MP, Fuzii HT, Bertonsin Filho MV, da Costa LD, Duarte MIS, Furlaneto IP, Martins Filho AJ, Aarão TLDS, Vasconcelos PFDC, Quaresma JAS. Comparative Analysis of Human Hepatic Lesions in Dengue, Yellow Fever, and Chikungunya: Revisiting Histopathological Changes in the Light of Modern Knowledge of Cell Pathology. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050680. [PMID: 37242350 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), present wide global dissemination and a pathogenic profile developed in infected individuals, from non-specific clinical conditions to severe forms, characterised by the promotion of significant lesions in different organs of the harbourer, culminating in multiple organ dysfunction. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out via the histopathological analysis of 70 samples of liver patients, collected between 2000 and 2017, with confirmed laboratory diagnoses, who died due to infection and complications due to yellow fever (YF), dengue fever (DF), and chikungunya fever (CF), to characterise, quantify, and compare the patterns of histopathological alterations in the liver between the samples. Of the histopathological findings in the human liver samples, there was a significant difference between the control and infection groups, with a predominance of alterations in the midzonal area of the three cases analysed. Hepatic involvement in cases of YF showed a greater intensity of histopathological changes. Among the alterations evaluated, cell swelling, microvesicular steatosis, and apoptosis were classified according to the degree of tissue damage from severe to very severe. Pathological abnormalities associated with YFV, DENV, and CHIKV infections showed a predominance of changes in the midzonal area. We also noted that, among the arboviruses studied, liver involvement in cases of YFV infection was more intense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Pacheco Ribeiro
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fabio Magno Falcão
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavaleiro Smith
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Carla Pagliari
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Janniffer Oliveira Chiang
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Livia Carício Martins
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Juliana Abreu Lima Nunes
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Lais Carneiro Dos Santos
- Section of Pathology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Luccas Delgado da Costa
- Section of Pathology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Ismari Perini Furlaneto
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66087-662, PA, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil
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4
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Ong EZ, Koh CWT, Tng DJH, Ooi JSG, Yee JX, Chew VSY, Leong YS, Gunasegaran K, Yeo CP, Oon LLE, Sim JXY, Chan KR, Low JG, Ooi EE. RNase2 is a possible trigger of acute-on-chronic inflammation leading to mRNA vaccine-associated cardiac complication. MED 2023:S2666-6340(23)00104-6. [PMID: 37105176 PMCID: PMC10131284 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-mRNA vaccination-associated cardiac complication is a rare but life-threatening adverse event. Its risk has been well balanced by the benefit of vaccination-induced protection against severe COVID-19. As the rate of severe COVID-19 has consequently declined, future booster vaccination to sustain immunity, especially against infection with new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, may encounter benefit-risk ratios that are less favorable than at the start of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Understanding the pathogenesis of rare but severe vaccine-associated adverse events to minimize its risk is thus urgent. METHODS Here, we report a serendipitous finding of a case of cardiac complication following a third shot of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. As this case was enrolled in a cohort study, pre-vaccination and pre-symptomatic blood samples were available for genomic and multiplex cytokine analyses. FINDINGS These analyses revealed the presence of subclinical chronic inflammation, with an elevated expression of RNASE2 at pre-booster baseline as a possible trigger of an acute-on-chronic inflammation that resulted in the cardiac complication. RNASE2 encodes for the ribonuclease RNase2, which cleaves RNA at the 3' side of uridine, which may thus remove the only Toll-like receptor (TLR)-avoidance safety feature of current mRNA vaccines. CONCLUSIONS These pre-booster and pre-symptomatic gene and cytokine expression data provide unique insights into the possible pathogenesis of vaccine-associated cardiac complication and suggest the incorporation of additional nucleoside modification for an added safety margin. FUNDING This work was funded by the NMRC Open Fund-Large Collaborative Grant on Integrated Innovations on Infectious Diseases (OFLCG19May-0034).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Z Ong
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clara W T Koh
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danny J H Tng
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin S G Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Xin Yee
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valerie S Y Chew
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Shan Leong
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chin Pin Yeo
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette L E Oon
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean X Y Sim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jenny G Low
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Qiu S, Cai Y, Yao H, Lin C, Xie Y, Tang S, Zhang A. Small molecule metabolites: discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:132. [PMID: 36941259 PMCID: PMC10026263 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities lead to the dysfunction of metabolic pathways and metabolite accumulation or deficiency which is well-recognized hallmarks of diseases. Metabolite signatures that have close proximity to subject's phenotypic informative dimension, are useful for predicting diagnosis and prognosis of diseases as well as monitoring treatments. The lack of early biomarkers could lead to poor diagnosis and serious outcomes. Therefore, noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring methods with high specificity and selectivity are desperately needed. Small molecule metabolites-based metabolomics has become a specialized tool for metabolic biomarker and pathway analysis, for revealing possible mechanisms of human various diseases and deciphering therapeutic potentials. It could help identify functional biomarkers related to phenotypic variation and delineate biochemical pathways changes as early indicators of pathological dysfunction and damage prior to disease development. Recently, scientists have established a large number of metabolic profiles to reveal the underlying mechanisms and metabolic networks for therapeutic target exploration in biomedicine. This review summarized the metabolic analysis on the potential value of small-molecule candidate metabolites as biomarkers with clinical events, which may lead to better diagnosis, prognosis, drug screening and treatment. We also discuss challenges that need to be addressed to fuel the next wave of breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qiu
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hong Yao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chunsheng Lin
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yiqiang Xie
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Songqi Tang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Aihua Zhang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), College of Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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6
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Fu J, Zhu F, Xu CJ, Li Y. Metabolomics meets systems immunology. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55747. [PMID: 36916532 PMCID: PMC10074123 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic processes play a critical role in immune regulation. Metabolomics is the systematic analysis of small molecules (metabolites) in organisms or biological samples, providing an opportunity to comprehensively study interactions between metabolism and immunity in physiology and disease. Integrating metabolomics into systems immunology allows the exploration of the interactions of multilayered features in the biological system and the molecular regulatory mechanism of these features. Here, we provide an overview on recent technological developments of metabolomic applications in immunological research. To begin, two widely used metabolomics approaches are compared: targeted and untargeted metabolomics. Then, we provide a comprehensive overview of the analysis workflow and the computational tools available, including sample preparation, raw spectra data preprocessing, data processing, statistical analysis, and interpretation. Third, we describe how to integrate metabolomics with other omics approaches in immunological studies using available tools. Finally, we discuss new developments in metabolomics and its prospects for immunology research. This review provides guidance to researchers using metabolomics and multiomics in immunity research, thus facilitating the application of systems immunology to disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Fu
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Ng WC, Kwek SS, Sun B, Yousefi M, Ong EZ, Tan HC, Puschnik AS, Chan KR, Ooi YS, Ooi EE. A fast-growing dengue virus mutant reveals a dual role of STING in response to infection. Open Biol 2022; 12:220227. [PMID: 36514984 PMCID: PMC9748785 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The four dengue viruses (DENVs) have evolved multiple mechanisms to ensure its survival. Among these mechanisms is the ability to regulate its replication rate, which may contribute to avoiding premature immune activation that limit infection dissemination: DENVs associated with dengue epidemics have shown slower replication rate than pre-epidemic strains. Correspondingly, wild-type DENVs replicate more slowly than their clinically attenuated derivatives. To understand how DENVs 'make haste slowly', we generated and screened for DENV2 mutants with accelerated replication that also induced high type-I interferon (IFN) expression in infected cells. We chanced upon a single NS2B-I114T amino acid substitution, in an otherwise highly conserved amino acid residue. Accelerated DENV2 replication damaged host DNA as mutant infection was dependent on host DNA damage repair factors, namely RAD21, EID3 and NEK5. DNA damage induced cGAS/STING signalling and activated early type-I IFN response that inhibited infection dissemination. Unexpectedly, STING activation also supported mutant DENV replication in infected cells through STING-induced autophagy. Our findings thus show that DENV NS2B has multi-faceted role in controlling DENV replication rate and immune evasion and suggest that the dual role of STING in supporting virus replication within infected cells but inhibiting infection dissemination could be particularly advantageous for live attenuated vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wy Ching Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Swee Sen Kwek
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Bo Sun
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Meisam Yousefi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eugenia Z. Ong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore,Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | | | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yaw Shin Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore,Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore 169856, Singapore,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
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8
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Zhao C, Dong J, Deng L, Tan Y, Jiang W, Cai Z. Molecular network strategy in multi-omics and mass spectrometry imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 70:102199. [PMID: 36027696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human physiological activities and pathological changes arise from the coordinated interactions of multiple molecules. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based multi-omics and MS imaging (MSI)-based spatial omics are powerful methods used to investigate molecular information related to the phenotype of interest from homogenated or sliced samples, including the qualitative, relative quantitative and spatial distributions. Molecular network strategy provides efficient methods to help us understand and mine the biological patterns behind the phenotypic data. It illustrates and combines various relationships between molecules, and further performs the molecule identification and biological interpretation. Here, we describe the recent advances of network-based analysis and its applications for different biological processes, such as, obesity, central nervous system diseases, and environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiyang Dong
- Department of Electronic Science, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingli Deng
- Department of Information Engineering, East China University of Technology, China
| | - Yawen Tan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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9
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The ratio of nicotinic acid to nicotinamide as a microbial biomarker for assessing cell therapy product sterility. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:410-424. [PMID: 35573051 PMCID: PMC9065052 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Controlling microbial risks in cell therapy products (CTPs) is important for product safety. Here, we identified the nicotinic acid (NA) to nicotinamide (NAM) ratio as a biomarker that detects a broad spectrum of microbial contaminants in cell cultures. We separately added six different bacterial species into mesenchymal stromal cell and T cell culture and found that NA was uniquely present in these bacteria-contaminated CTPs due to the conversion from NAM by microbial nicotinamidases, which mammals lack. In cells inoculated with 1 × 104 CFUs/mL of different microorganisms, including USP <71> defined organisms, the increase in NA to NAM ratio ranged from 72 to 15,000 times higher than the uncontaminated controls after 24 h. Importantly, only live microorganisms caused increases in this ratio. In cells inoculated with 18 CFUs/mL of Escherichia coli, 20 CFUs/mL of Bacillus subtilis, and 10 CFUs/mL of Candida albicans, significant increase of NA to NAM ratio was detected using LC-MS after 18.5, 12.5, and 24.5 h, respectively. In contrast, compendial sterility test required >24 h to detect the same amount of these three organisms. In conclusion, the NA to NAM ratio is a useful biomarker for detection of early-stage microbial contaminations in CTPs.
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10
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Syenina A, Gan ES, Toh JZN, de Alwis R, Lin LZ, Tham CYL, Yee JX, Leong YS, Sam H, Cheong C, Teh YE, Wee ILE, Ng DHL, Chan KR, Sim JXY, Kalimuddin S, Ong EZ, Low JG, Ooi EE. Adverse effects following anti–COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-based BNT162b2 are alleviated by altering the route of administration and correlate with baseline enrichment of T and NK cell genes. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001643. [PMID: 35639676 PMCID: PMC9154185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring high vaccination and even booster vaccination coverage is critical in preventing severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among the various COVID-19 vaccines currently in use, the mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable effectiveness. However, systemic adverse events (AEs), such as postvaccination fatigue, are prevalent following mRNA vaccination, and the underpinnings of which are not understood. Herein, we found that higher baseline expression of genes related to T and NK cell exhaustion and suppression were positively correlated with the development of moderately severe fatigue after Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccination; increased expression of genes associated with T and NK cell exhaustion and suppression reacted to vaccination were associated with greater levels of innate immune activation at 1 day postvaccination. We further found, in a mouse model, that altering the route of vaccination from intramuscular (i.m.) to subcutaneous (s.c.) could lessen the pro-inflammatory response and correspondingly the extent of systemic AEs; the humoral immune response to BNT162b2 vaccination was not compromised. Instead, it is possible that the s.c. route could improve cytotoxic CD8 T-cell responses to BNT162b2 vaccination. Our findings thus provide a glimpse of the molecular basis of postvaccination fatigue from mRNA vaccination and suggest a readily translatable solution to minimize systemic AEs. Systemic adverse events, such as post-vaccination fatigue, are prevalent consequences of mRNA vaccination; why is this? This study shows that higher baseline expression of T and NK cell genes increases susceptibility to fatigue after mRNA vaccination, and that altering the route of vaccination may reduce the incidence of mRNA vaccine-associated systemic adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesa Syenina
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Esther S. Gan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Justin Z. N. Toh
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
- School of Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Lowell Z. Lin
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Christine Y. L. Tham
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Jia Xin Yee
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Yan Shan Leong
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Huizhen Sam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Charlene Cheong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yii Ean Teh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ian L. E. Wee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Dorothy H. L. Ng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jean X. Y. Sim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eugenia Z. Ong
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Jenny G. Low
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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11
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Shao MM, Shi M, Du J, Pei XB, Gu BB, Yi FS. Metabolic Landscape of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Coronavirus Disease 2019 at Single Cell Resolution. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829760. [PMID: 35350779 PMCID: PMC8957829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal function of immune cells is one of the key mechanisms leading to severe clinical symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 patients, and metabolic pathways can destroy the function of the immune system by affecting innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the metabolic characteristics of the immune cells of the SARS-CoV-2 infected organs in situ remaining elusive. We reanalyzed the metabolic-related gene profiles in single-cell RNA sequencing data, drew the metabolic landscape in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid immune cells, and elucidated the metabolic remodeling mechanism that might lead to the progression of COVID-19 and the cytokine storm. Enhanced glycolysis is the most important common metabolic feature of all immune cells in COVID-19 patients. CCL2+ T cells, Group 2 macrophages with high SPP1 expression and myeloid dendritic cells are among the main contributors to the cytokine storm produced by infected lung tissue. Two metabolic analysis methods, including Compass, showed that glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, bile acid synthesis and purine and pyrimidine metabolism levels of CCL2+ T cells, Group 2 macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells were upregulated and correlated with cytokine storms of COVID-19 patients. This might be the key metabolic regulatory factor for immune cells to produce large quantities of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meier Shi
- Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Bin Pei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei-Bei Gu
- Department of Anesthesia, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng-Shuang Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Use of analgesics/antipyretics in the management of symptoms associated with COVID-19 vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:31. [PMID: 35236842 PMCID: PMC8891349 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines are effective and important to control the ongoing pandemic, but vaccine reactogenicity may contribute to poor uptake. Analgesics or antipyretic medications are often used to alleviate vaccine side effects, but their effect on immunogenicity remains uncertain. Few studies have assessed the effect of analgesics/antipyretics on vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity. Some studies revealed changes in certain immune response parameters post-vaccination when analgesics/antipyretics were used either prophylactically or therapeutically. Still, there is no evidence that these changes impact vaccine efficacy. Specific data on the impact of analgesic/antipyretic medications on immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines are limited. However, available data from clinical trials of licensed vaccines, along with recommendations from public health bodies around the world, should provide reassurance to both healthcare professionals and vaccine recipients that short-term use of analgesics/antipyretics at non-prescription doses is unlikely to affect vaccine-induced immunity.
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13
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Review of -omics studies on mosquito-borne viruses of the Flavivirus genus. Virus Res 2022; 307:198610. [PMID: 34718046 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses are transmitted by arthropods (arthropod-borne virus) which can be mosquitoes or other hematophagous arthropods, in which their life cycle occurs before transmission to other hosts. Arboviruses such as Dengue, Zika, Saint Louis Encephalitis, West Nile, Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis, Rocio and Murray Valley Encephalitis viruses are some of the arboviruses transmitted biologically among vertebrate hosts by blood-taking vectors, mainly Aedes and Culex sp., and are associated with neurological, viscerotropic, and hemorrhagic reemerging diseases, posing as significant health and socioeconomic concern, as they become more and more adaptive to new environments, to arthropods vectors and human hosts. One of the main families that include mosquito-borne viruses is Flaviviridae, and here, we review the case of the Flavivirus genus, which comprises the viruses cited above, using a variety of research approaches published in literature, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc., to better understand their structures as well as virus-host interactions, which are essential for development of future antiviral therapies.
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14
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Yau C, Low JZH, Gan ES, Kwek SS, Cui L, Tan HC, Mok DZL, Chan CYY, Sessions OM, Watanabe S, Vasudevan SG, Lee YH, Chan KR, Ooi EE. Dysregulated metabolism underpins Zika-virus-infection-associated impairment in fetal development. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110118. [PMID: 34910902 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an Aedes-mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes debilitating congenital and developmental disorders. Improved understanding of ZIKV pathogenesis could assist efforts to fill the therapeutic and vaccine gap. We use several ZIKV strains, including a pair differing by a single phenylalanine-to-leucine substitution (M-F37L) in the membrane (M) protein, coupled with unbiased genomics to demarcate the border between attenuated and pathogenic infection. We identify infection-induced metabolic dysregulation as a minimal set of host alterations that differentiates attenuated from pathogenic ZIKV strains. Glycolytic rewiring results in impaired oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction that trigger inflammation and apoptosis in pathogenic but not attenuated ZIKV strains. Critically, pyruvate supplementation prevents cell death, in vitro, and rescues fetal development in ZIKV-infected dams. Our findings thus demonstrate dysregulated metabolism as an underpinning of ZIKV pathogenicity and raise the potential of pyruvate supplementation in expectant women as a prophylaxis against congenital Zika syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Yau
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - John Z H Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Esther S Gan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Swee Sen Kwek
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Liang Cui
- Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Darren Z L Mok
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Candice Y Y Chan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, Singapore
| | - October M Sessions
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Yie Hou Lee
- Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
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15
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Mok DZL, Chan CYY, Ooi EE, Chan KR. The effects of aging on host resistance and disease tolerance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. FEBS J 2021; 288:5055-5070. [PMID: 33124149 PMCID: PMC8518758 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a large-scale pandemic that is afflicting millions of individuals in over 200 countries. The clinical spectrum caused by SARS-CoV-2 infections can range from asymptomatic infection to mild undifferentiated febrile illness to severe respiratory disease with multiple complications. Elderly patients (aged 60 and above) with comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus appear to be at highest risk of a severe disease outcome. To protect against pulmonary immunopathology caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, the host primarily depends on two distinct defense strategies: resistance and disease tolerance. Resistance is the ability of the host to suppress and eliminate incoming viruses. By contrast, disease tolerance refers to host responses that promote host health regardless of their impact on viral replication. Disruption of either resistance or disease tolerance mechanisms or both could underpin predisposition to elevated risk of severe disease during viral infection. Aging can disrupt host resistance and disease tolerance by compromising immune functions, weakening of the unfolded protein response, progressive mitochondrial dysfunction, and altering metabolic processes. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying declining host defense in elderly individuals could thus pave the way to provide new opportunities and approaches for the treatment of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Z. L. Mok
- Emerging Infectious Diseases ProgramDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Emerging Infectious Diseases ProgramDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Viral Research & Experimental Medicine Center @ SingHealth/Duke‐NUS (ViREMiCS)SingaporeSingapore
- Singapore‐MIT Alliance in Research and TechnologyAntimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research GroupSingaporeSingapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public HealthNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases ProgramDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
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16
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Loy SL, Zhou J, Cui L, Tan TY, Ee TX, Chern BSM, Chan JKY, Lee YH. Discovery and validation of peritoneal endometriosis biomarkers in peritoneal fluid and serum. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:727-737. [PMID: 34446375 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What are the potential biomarkers for peritoneal endometriosis in peritoneal fluid and serum? DESIGN Case-control studies composed of independent discovery and validation sets were conducted. In the discovery set, untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomics, multivariable and univariable analyses were conducted to generate global metabolomic profiles of peritoneal fluid for endometriosis and to identify potential metabolites that could distinguish peritoneal endometriosis (n = 10) from controls (n = 31). The identified metabolites from the discovery set were validated in independent peritoneal fluid (n =19 peritoneal endometriosis and n = 20 controls) and serum samples (n = 16 peritoneal endometriosis and n = 19 controls) using targeted metabolomics. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of peritoneal endometriosis metabolites. RESULTS In the discovery set, peritoneal fluid phosphatidylcholine (34:3) and phenylalanyl-isoleucine were significantly increased in peritoneal endometriosis groups compared with control groups, with AUC 0.77 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.92; P = 0.018) and AUC 0.98 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.02; P < 0.001), respectively. In the validation set, phenylalanyl-isoleucine retained discriminatory performance to distinguish peritoneal endometriosis from controls in both peritoneal fluid (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92; P = 0.006) and serum samples (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.99; P = 0.004), with notably stronger discrimination between peritoneal endometriosis and controls in proliferative phase. CONCLUSION Our preliminary results propose phenylalanyl-isoleucine as a potential biomarker of peritoneal endometriosis, which may be used as a minimally invasive diagnostic biomarker of peritoneal endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Ling Loy
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899; Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Jieliang Zhou
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899
| | - Liang Cui
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602
| | - Tse Yeun Tan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899
| | - Tat Xin Ee
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899
| | - Bernard Su Min Chern
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899; Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Yie Hou Lee
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology-Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857; KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602.
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17
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Khan NA, Kar M, Panwar A, Wangchuk J, Kumar S, Das A, Pandey AK, Lodha R, Medigeshi GR. Oxidative stress specifically inhibits replication of dengue virus. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33904816 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically active species which are involved in maintaining cellular and signalling processes at physiological concentrations. Therefore, cellular components that regulate redox balance are likely to play a crucial role in viral life-cycle either as promoters of viral replication or with antiviral functions. Zinc is an essential micronutrient associated with anti-oxidative systems and helps in maintaining a balanced cellular redox state. Here, we show that zinc chelation leads to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in epithelial cells and addition of zinc restores ROS levels to basal state. Addition of ROS (H2O2) inhibited dengue virus (DENV) infection in a dose-dependent manner indicating that oxidative stress has adverse effects on DENV infection. ROS affects early stages of DENV replication as observed by quantitation of positive and negative strand viral RNA. We observed that addition of ROS specifically affected viral titres of positive strand RNA viruses. We further demonstrate that ROS specifically altered SEC31A expression at the ER suggesting a role for SEC31A-mediated pathways in the life-cycle of positive strand RNA viruses and provides an opportunity to identify drug targets regulating oxidative stress responses for antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Ahmed Khan
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Kar
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Aleksha Panwar
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Jigme Wangchuk
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Asim Das
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pandey
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Guruprasad R Medigeshi
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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18
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de Alwis R, Gan ES, Chen S, Leong YS, Tan HC, Zhang SL, Yau C, Low JGH, Kalimuddin S, Matsuda D, Allen EC, Hartman P, Park KJJ, Alayyoubi M, Bhaskaran H, Dukanovic A, Bao Y, Clemente B, Vega J, Roberts S, Gonzalez JA, Sablad M, Yelin R, Taylor W, Tachikawa K, Parker S, Karmali P, Davis J, Sullivan BM, Sullivan SM, Hughes SG, Chivukula P, Ooi EE. A single dose of self-transcribing and replicating RNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produces protective adaptive immunity in mice. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1970-1983. [PMID: 33823303 PMCID: PMC8019652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A self-transcribing and replicating RNA (STARR)-based vaccine (LUNAR-COV19) has been developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccine encodes an alphavirus-based replicon and the SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike glycoprotein. Translation of the replicon produces a replicase complex that amplifies and prolongs SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein expression. A single prime vaccination in mice led to robust antibody responses, with neutralizing antibody titers increasing up to day 60. Activation of cell-mediated immunity produced a strong viral antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response. Assaying for intracellular cytokine staining for interferon (IFN)γ and interleukin-4 (IL-4)-positive CD4+ T helper (Th) lymphocytes as well as anti-spike glycoprotein immunoglobulin G (IgG)2a/IgG1 ratios supported a strong Th1-dominant immune response. Finally, single LUNAR-COV19 vaccination at both 2 μg and 10 μg doses completely protected human ACE2 transgenic mice from both mortality and even measurable infection following wild-type SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Our findings collectively suggest the potential of LUNAR-COV19 as a single-dose vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Alphavirus/genetics
- Alphavirus/immunology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/pathology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/biosynthesis
- COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Replicon/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/virology
- Transgenes
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esther S Gan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiwei Chen
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Shan Leong
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Summer L Zhang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clement Yau
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jenny G H Low
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Disease, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Disease, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daiki Matsuda
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Allen
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paula Hartman
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Maher Alayyoubi
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Hari Bhaskaran
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Adrian Dukanovic
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yanjie Bao
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brenda Clemente
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jerel Vega
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott Roberts
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jose A Gonzalez
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Marciano Sablad
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rodrigo Yelin
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Wendy Taylor
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Tachikawa
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Suezanne Parker
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Priya Karmali
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jared Davis
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brian M Sullivan
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sean M Sullivan
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Steve G Hughes
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Pad Chivukula
- Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc., 10628 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Hanley JP, Tu HA, Dragon JA, Dickson DM, Rio-Guerra RD, Tighe SW, Eckstrom KM, Selig N, Scarpino SV, Whitehead SS, Durbin AP, Pierce KK, Kirkpatrick BD, Rizzo DM, Frietze S, Diehl SA. Immunotranscriptomic profiling the acute and clearance phases of a human challenge dengue virus serotype 2 infection model. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3054. [PMID: 34031380 PMCID: PMC8144425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
About 20-25% of dengue virus (DENV) infections become symptomatic ranging from self-limiting fever to shock. Immune gene expression changes during progression to severe dengue have been documented in hospitalized patients; however, baseline or kinetic information is difficult to standardize in natural infection. Here we profile the host immunotranscriptome response in humans before, during, and after infection with a partially attenuated rDEN2Δ30 challenge virus (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02021968). Inflammatory genes including type I interferon and viral restriction pathways are induced during DENV2 viremia and return to baseline after viral clearance, while others including myeloid, migratory, humoral, and growth factor immune regulation factors pathways are found at non-baseline levels post-viremia. Furthermore, pre-infection baseline gene expression is useful to predict rDEN2Δ30-induced immune responses and the development of rash. Our results suggest a distinct immunological profile for mild rDEN2Δ30 infection and offer new potential biomarkers for characterizing primary DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Hanley
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Translational Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Huy A Tu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Julie A Dragon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Integrated Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Dorothy M Dickson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Translational Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Roxana Del Rio-Guerra
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Facility, Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Scott W Tighe
- Vermont Integrated Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Korin M Eckstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Integrated Genomics Resource, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nicholas Selig
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna P Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristen K Pierce
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Translational Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Beth D Kirkpatrick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Translational Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Donna M Rizzo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Seth Frietze
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sean A Diehl
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Translational Global Infectious Disease Research Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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20
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Xiao N, Nie M, Pang H, Wang B, Hu J, Meng X, Li K, Ran X, Long Q, Deng H, Chen N, Li S, Tang N, Huang A, Hu Z. Integrated cytokine and metabolite analysis reveals immunometabolic reprogramming in COVID-19 patients with therapeutic implications. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1618. [PMID: 33712622 PMCID: PMC7955129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a major cause of the multi-organ injury and fatal outcome induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe COVID-19 patients. Metabolism can modulate the immune responses against infectious diseases, yet our understanding remains limited on how host metabolism correlates with inflammatory responses and affects cytokine release in COVID-19 patients. Here we perform both metabolomics and cytokine/chemokine profiling on serum samples from healthy controls, mild and severe COVID-19 patients, and delineate their global metabolic and immune response landscape. Correlation analyses show tight associations between metabolites and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, such as IL-6, M-CSF, IL-1α, IL-1β, and imply a potential regulatory crosstalk between arginine, tryptophan, purine metabolism and hyperinflammation. Importantly, we also demonstrate that targeting metabolism markedly modulates the proinflammatory cytokines release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques ex vivo, hinting that exploiting metabolic alterations may be a potential strategy for treating fatal CRS in COVID-19. Metabolism changes can modulate immune responses in many contexts, and vice versa. Here the authors associate metabolomic, as well as cytokine and chemokine, data from stratified COVID-19 patients to find that arginine, tryptophan and purine metabolic pathways correlate with hyperproliferation, thus hinting at potential therapeutic targets for severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bohong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jieli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaorong Ran
- Agilent Technologies (China), Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Quanxin Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shao Li
- Institute for TCM-X, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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21
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Yau C, Gan ES, Kwek SS, Tan HC, Ong EZ, Hamis NZ, Rivino L, Chan KR, Watanabe S, Vasudevan SG, Ooi EE. Live vaccine infection burden elicits adaptive humoral and cellular immunity required to prevent Zika virus infection. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103028. [PMID: 33045466 PMCID: PMC7553235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) as an important cause of congenital and childhood developmental disorders presents another challenge to global health. Efforts to develop a Zika vaccine have begun although vaccine development against flaviviruses, of which ZIKV belongs to, has proven to be time-consuming and challenging. Defining the vaccine attributes that elicit adaptive immune response necessary for preventing ZIKV infection could provide an evidence-based guide to Zika vaccine development. METHODS We used a previously described attenuated ZIKV DN-2 strain in a type-I interferon receptor deficient mouse model and tested the hypothesis that duration of vaccine burden rather than peak level of infection, is a determinant of immunogenicity. We quantified both humoral and cellular responses against ZIKV using plaque reduction neutralisation test and flow cytometry with ELISPOT assays, respectively. Vaccinated mice were challenged with wild-type ZIKV (H/PF/2013 strain) to determine the level of protection against infection. FINDINGS We found that the overall vaccine burden is directly correlated with neutralising antibody titres. Reduced duration of vaccine burden lowered neutralising antibody titres that resulted in subclinical infection, despite unchanged peak vaccine viraemia levels. We also found that sterilising immunity is dependant on both neutralising antibody and CD8+T cell responses; depletion of CD8+T cells in vaccinated animals led to wild-type ZIKV infection, especially in the male reproductive tract. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that duration of attenuated virus vaccine burden is a determinant of humoral and cellular immunity and also suggest that vaccines that elicit both arms of the adaptive immune response are needed to fully prevent ZIKV transmission. FUNDING This study was supported by the National Medical Research Council through the Clinician-Scientist Award (Senior Investigator) to E.E.O. Salary support for S.W. was from a Competitive Research Programme grant awarded by the National Research Foundation of Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Yau
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Esther Shuyi Gan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Swee Sen Kwek
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eugenia Z Ong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Noor Zayanah Hamis
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
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22
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Nunes EDC, Canuto GAB. Metabolomics applied in the study of emerging arboviruses caused by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2102-2113. [PMID: 32885853 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arboviruses, such as chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and zika, caused by the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, have been a frequent public health problem, with a high incidence of outbreaks in tropical and subtropical countries. These diseases are easily confused with a flu-like illness and present very similar symptoms, difficult to distinguish, and treat appropriately. The effects that these infections cause in the organism are fundamentally derived from complex metabolic processes. A prominent area of science that investigates the changes in the metabolism of complex organisms is the metabolomics. Metabolomics measures the metabolites produced or altered in biological organisms, through the use of robust analytical platforms, such as separation techniques hyphenated with mass spectrometry, combined with bioinformatics. This review article presents an overview of the basic concepts of metabolomics workflow and advances in this field, and compiles research articles that use this omic approach to study these arboviruses. In this context, the metabolomics is applied to search new therapies, understand the viral replication mechanisms, and access the host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estéfane da Cruz Nunes
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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23
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Low JG, Ng JHJ, Ong EZ, Kalimuddin S, Wijaya L, Chan YFZ, Ng DHL, Tan HC, Baglody A, Chionh YH, Lee DCP, Budigi Y, Sasisekharan R, Ooi EE. Phase 1 Trial of a Therapeutic Anti-Yellow Fever Virus Human Antibody. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:452-459. [PMID: 32726531 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient vaccine doses and the lack of therapeutic agents for yellow fever put global health at risk, should this virus emerge from sub-Saharan Africa and South America. METHODS In phase 1a of this clinical trial, we assessed the safety, side-effect profile, and pharmacokinetics of TY014, a fully human IgG1 anti-yellow fever virus monoclonal antibody. In a double-blind, phase 1b clinical trial, we assessed the efficacy of TY014, as compared with placebo, in abrogating viremia related to the administration of live yellow fever vaccine (YF17D-204; Stamaril). The primary safety outcomes were adverse events reported 1 hour after the infusion and throughout the trial. The primary efficacy outcome was the dose of TY014 at which 100% of the participants tested negative for viremia within 48 hours after infusion. RESULTS A total of 27 healthy participants were enrolled in phase 1a, and 10 participants in phase 1b. During phase 1a, TY014 dose escalation to a maximum of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight occurred in 22 participants. During phases 1a and 1b, adverse events within 1 hour after infusion occurred in 1 of 27 participants who received TY014 and in none of the 10 participants who received placebo. At least one adverse event occurred during the trial in 22 participants who received TY014 and in 8 who received placebo. The mean half-life of TY014 was approximately 12.8 days. At 48 hours after the infusion, none of the 5 participants who received the starting dose of TY014 of 2 mg per kilogram had detectable YF17D-204 viremia; these participants remained aviremic throughout the trial. Viremia was observed at 48 hours after the infusion in 2 of 5 participants who received placebo and at 72 hours in 2 more placebo recipients. Symptoms associated with yellow fever vaccine were less frequent in the TY014 group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS This phase 1 trial of TY014 did not identify worrisome safety signals and suggested potential clinical benefit, which requires further assessment in a phase 2 trial. (Funded by Tysana; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03776786.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny G Low
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Justin H J Ng
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Eugenia Z Ong
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Limin Wijaya
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Yvonne F Z Chan
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Dorothy H L Ng
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Hwee-Cheng Tan
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Anjali Baglody
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Yok-Hian Chionh
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Debbie C P Lee
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Yadunanda Budigi
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Ram Sasisekharan
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
| | - Eng-Eong Ooi
- From the Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (J.G.L., E.Z.O., H.-C.T., E.-E.O.), Singapore General Hospital (J.G.L., S.K., L.W., Y.F.Z.C., D.H.L.N.), Tysana (J.H.J.N., A.B., Y.-H.C., D.C.P.L., Y.B.), and the Singapore-MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Alliance for Research and Technology (R.S., E.-E.O.) - all in Singapore; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (R.S.)
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Gallagher P, Chan KR, Rivino L, Yacoub S. The association of obesity and severe dengue: possible pathophysiological mechanisms. J Infect 2020; 81:10-16. [PMID: 32413364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a medically important flavivirus and the aetiological agent of Dengue, a normally self-resolving febrile illness that, in some individuals, can progress into Severe Dengue (SD), a life-threatening disorder that manifests as organ impairment, bleeding and shock. Many different risk factors have been associated with the development of SD, one of which is obesity. In many countries where DENV is endemic, obesity is becoming more prevalent, therefore SD is becoming an increased public health concern. However, there is a paucity of research on the mechanistic links between obesity and SD. This is a narrative review based on original research and reviews sourced from PubMed and Google Scholar. Four key areas could possibly explain how obesity can promote viral pathogenesis. Firstly, obesity downregulates AMP-Protein Kinase (AMPK), which leads to an accumulation of lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that facilitates viral replication. Secondly, the long-term production of pro-inflammatory adipokines found in obese individuals can cause endothelial and platelet dysfunction and can facilitate SD. Thirdly, obesity could also cause endothelial dysfunction in addition to chronic inflammation, through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and possible damage to the glycocalyx found in the endothelium. Finally, obesity has several effects on immunomodulation that reduces NK cell function, B and T cell response and increased pre-disposition to stronger pro-inflammatory cytokine responses after viral infection. Together, these effects can lead to greater viral proliferation and greater tissue damage both of which could contribute to SD. The four mechanisms outlined in this review can be taken as reference starting points for investigating the link between obesity and SD, and to discover potential therapeutic strategies that can potentially reduce disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gallagher
- University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Laura Rivino
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sophie Yacoub
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, UK.
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The Effects of Pre-Existing Antibodies on Live-Attenuated Viral Vaccines. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050520. [PMID: 32397218 PMCID: PMC7290594 DOI: 10.3390/v12050520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) have achieved remarkable successes in controlling virus spread, as well as for other applications such as cancer immunotherapy. However, with rapid increases in international travel, globalization, geographic spread of viral vectors, and widespread use of vaccines, there is an increasing need to consider how pre-exposure to viruses which share similar antigenic regions can impact vaccine efficacy. Pre-existing antibodies, derived from either from maternal–fetal transmission, or by previous infection or vaccination, have been demonstrated to interfere with vaccine immunogenicity of measles, adenovirus, and influenza LAVs. Immune interference of LAVs can be caused by the formation of virus–antibody complexes that neutralize virus infection in antigen-presenting cells, or by the cross-linking of the B-cell receptor with the inhibitory receptor, FcγRIIB. On the other hand, pre-existing antibodies can augment flaviviral LAV efficacy such as that of dengue and yellow fever virus, especially when pre-existing antibodies are present at sub-neutralizing levels. The increased vaccine immunogenicity can be facilitated by antibody-dependent enhancement of virus infection, enhancing virus uptake in antigen-presenting cells, and robust induction of innate immune responses that promote vaccine immunogenicity. This review examines the literature on this topic and examines the circumstances where pre-existing antibodies can inhibit or enhance LAV efficacy. A better knowledge of the underlying mechanisms involved could allow us to better manage immunization in seropositive individuals and even identify possibilities that could allow us to exploit pre-existing antibodies to boost vaccine-induced responses for improved vaccine efficacy.
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26
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Lemos FDO, França A, Lima Filho ACM, Florentino RM, Santos ML, Missiaggia DG, Rodrigues GOL, Dias FF, Souza Passos IB, Teixeira MM, Andrade AMDF, Lima CX, Vidigal PVT, Costa VV, Fonseca MC, Nathanson MH, Leite MF. Molecular Mechanism for Protection Against Liver Failure in Human Yellow Fever Infection. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:657-669. [PMID: 32363317 PMCID: PMC7193135 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever that typically involves the liver. Brazil recently experienced its largest recorded YF outbreak, and the disease was fatal in more than a third of affected individuals, mostly because of acute liver failure. Affected individuals are generally treated only supportively, but during the recent Brazilian outbreak, selected patients were treated with liver transplant. We took advantage of this clinical experience to better characterize the clinical and pathological features of YF-induced liver failure and to examine the mechanism of hepatocellular injury in YF, to identify targets that would be amenable to therapeutic intervention in preventing progression to liver failure and death. Patients with YF liver failure rapidly developed massive transaminase elevations, with jaundice, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and usually hepatic encephalopathy, along with pathological findings that included microvesicular steatosis and lytic necrosis. Hepatocytes began to express the type 3 isoform of the inositol trisphosphate receptor (ITPR3), an intracellular calcium (Ca2+) channel that is not normally expressed in hepatocytes. Experiments in an animal model, isolated hepatocytes, and liver-derived cell lines showed that this new expression of ITPR3 was associated with increased nuclear Ca2+ signaling and hepatocyte proliferation, and reduced steatosis and cell death induced by the YF virus. Conclusion: Yellow fever often induces liver failure characterized by massive hepatocellular damage plus steatosis. New expression of ITPR3 also occurs in YF-infected hepatocytes, which may represent an endogenous protective mechanism that could suggest approaches to treat affected individuals before they progress to liver failure, thereby decreasing the mortality of this disease in a way that does not rely on the costly and limited resource of liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andressa França
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Rodrigo M. Florentino
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Marcone Loiola Santos
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Dabny G. Missiaggia
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Felipe Ferraz Dias
- Center of MicroscopyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and ImmunologyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Cristiano Xavier Lima
- Hepatic Transplant ServiceHospital Felício RochoBelo HorizonteBrazil
- SurgeryUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | | | - Matheus Castro Fonseca
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio)Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and MaterialsRua Giuseppe Máximo ScolfaroCampinasBrazil
| | - Michael H. Nathanson
- Section of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT
| | - M. Fatima Leite
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
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27
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de Alwis R, Chen S, Gan ES, Ooi EE. Impact of immune enhancement on Covid-19 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin therapy and vaccine development. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102768. [PMID: 32344202 PMCID: PMC7161485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic spread of a novel coronavirus - SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a cause of acute respiratory illness, named Covid-19, is placing the healthcare systems of many countries under unprecedented stress. Global economies are also spiraling towards a recession in fear of this new life-threatening disease. Vaccines that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapeutics that reduces the risk of severe Covid-19 are thus urgently needed. A rapid method to derive antiviral treatment for Covid-19 is the use of convalescent plasma derived hyperimmune globulin. However, both hyperimmune globulin and vaccine development face a common hurdle - the risk of antibody-mediated disease enhancement. The goal of this review is to examine the body of evidence supporting the hypothesis of immune enhancement that could be pertinent to Covid-19. We also discuss how this risk could be mitigated so that both hyperimmune globulin and vaccines could be rapidly translated to overcome the current global health crisis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
- Convalescence
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Global Health
- Host Microbial Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Macrophages/virology
- Models, Animal
- Monocytes/virology
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Plasma
- Plasmapheresis
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Receptors, Fc/immunology
- Translational Research, Biomedical
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Virus Internalization
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Shiwei Chen
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Esther S Gan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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28
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Yellow Fever: Integrating Current Knowledge with Technological Innovations to Identify Strategies for Controlling a Re-Emerging Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100960. [PMID: 31627415 PMCID: PMC6832525 DOI: 10.3390/v11100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) represents a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen, transmitted by mosquito vectors to humans from primate reservoirs. Sporadic outbreaks of YFV occur in endemic tropical regions, causing a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) associated with high mortality rates. Despite a highly effective vaccine, no antiviral treatments currently exist. Therefore, YFV represents a neglected tropical disease and is chronically understudied, with many aspects of YFV biology incompletely defined including host range, host–virus interactions and correlates of host immunity and pathogenicity. In this article, we review the current state of YFV research, focusing on the viral lifecycle, host responses to infection, species tropism and the success and associated limitations of the YFV-17D vaccine. In addition, we highlight the current lack of available treatments and use publicly available sequence and structural data to assess global patterns of YFV sequence diversity and identify potential drug targets. Finally, we discuss how technological advances, including real-time epidemiological monitoring of outbreaks using next-generation sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 modification of vector species, could be utilized in future battles against this re-emerging pathogen which continues to cause devastating disease.
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29
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Pillai AB, Muthuraman KR, Mariappan V, Belur SS, Lokesh S, Rajendiran S. Oxidative stress response in the pathogenesis of dengue virus virulence, disease prognosis and therapeutics: an update. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2895-2908. [PMID: 31531742 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus that causes febrile illness and can lead to a potentially lethal disease. The mechanism of disease pathogenesis is not completely understood, and there are currently no vaccines or therapeutic drugs available to protect against all four serotypes of DENV. Although many reasons have been suggested for the development of the disease, dengue studies have shown that, during DENV infection, there is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants that disrupts homeostasis. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels triggers the sudden release of cytokines, which can lead to plasma leakage and other severe symptoms. In the present review, we give an overview of the oxidative stress response and its effect on the progression of dengue disease. We also discuss the role of oxidative-stress-associated molecules in disease prognostic and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agieshkumar Balakrishna Pillai
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, 607 402, India.
| | | | - Vignesh Mariappan
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, 607 402, India
| | | | - S Lokesh
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, 607 402, India
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