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Mitsuta Y, Asada T. Parameter Optimization Method in Multidimensional Umbrella Sampling. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 39101750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Umbrella sampling (US) is an effective method for calculating free-energy landscapes (FELs). However, the complexity of controlling the sampling positions complicates multidimensional FEL calculations. In this study, we proposed a method for controlling sampling by optimizing the US parameters. This method comprises the introduction of a target point and the optimization of the parameters to sample a window around this point. We approximated each window to normal distributions using an umbrella integration method and calculated the divergences between the window distributions and the state distributed at the target position by a variationally enhanced sampling method. Thus, the minimization of the divergence facilitated sampling around the target point, after which the parameters could be optimized on the fly while performing equilibration simulation. In practice, our method employs bias potentials with off-diagonal terms, ensuring a more efficient calculation of multidimensional FEL. Additionally, we developed an algorithm for determining the target point for automated FEL search; the algorithm samples in a specified direction while controlling the overlap of distributions. We performed three different FEL calculations as examples: (1) the calculation of the permeation of a water molecule through a lipid bilayer (one-dimensional FEL), (2) the calculation of the internal structural changes in alanine dipeptide in water (two-dimensional FEL), and (3) the calculation of the internal structural changes from a β-strand structure to an α-helix structure in alanine decapeptide (Ala10, 16-dimensional FEL). These results confirmed that our method could control the number of US windows and calculate the high-dimensional FELs that could not be evaluated by the conventional US method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mitsuta
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- RIMED, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Toshio Asada
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- RIMED, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Wang C, Cao S, Shi C, Guo M, Sun D, Liu Z, Xiu P, Wang Y, Wang G, Liu Y. The novel function of an orphan pheromone receptor reveals the sensory specializations of two potential distinct types of sex pheromones in noctuid moth. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:259. [PMID: 38878072 PMCID: PMC11335300 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Sex pheromones play crucial role in mating behavior of moths, involving intricate recognition mechanisms. While insect chemical biology has extensively studied type I pheromones, type II pheromones remain largely unexplored. This study focused on Helicoverpa armigera, a representative species of noctuid moth, aiming to reassess its sex pheromone composition. Our research unveiled two previously unidentified candidate type II sex pheromones-3Z,6Z,9Z-21:H and 3Z,6Z,9Z-23:H-in H. armigera. Furthermore, we identified HarmOR11 as an orphan pheromone receptor of 3Z,6Z,9Z-21:H. Through AlphaFold2 structural prediction, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, we elucidated the structural basis and key residues governing the sensory nuances of both type I and type II pheromone receptors, particularly HarmOR11 and HarmOR13. This study not only reveals the presence and recognition of candidate type II pheromones in a noctuid moth, but also establishes a comprehensive structural framework for PRs, contributing to the understanding of connections between evolutionary adaptations and the emergence of new pheromone types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Song Cao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mengbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Advanced College of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, 314499, China.
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Shroff H, Testa I, Jug F, Manley S. Live-cell imaging powered by computation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:443-463. [PMID: 38378991 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of microscopy methods for live-cell imaging offers many new possibilities for users but can also be challenging to navigate. The prevailing challenge in live-cell fluorescence microscopy is capturing intra-cellular dynamics while preserving cell viability. Computational methods can help to address this challenge and are now shifting the boundaries of what is possible to capture in living systems. In this Review, we discuss these computational methods focusing on artificial intelligence-based approaches that can be layered on top of commonly used existing microscopies as well as hybrid methods that integrate computation and microscope hardware. We specifically discuss how computational approaches can improve the signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, temporal resolution and multi-colour capacity of live-cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shroff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Ilaria Testa
- Department of Applied Physics and Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian Jug
- Fondazione Human Technopole (HT), Milan, Italy
| | - Suliana Manley
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Kobayashi T, Ikeda T, Nakayama A. Long-range proton and hydroxide ion transfer dynamics at the water/CeO 2 interface in the nanosecond regime: reactive molecular dynamics simulations and kinetic analysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6816-6832. [PMID: 38725504 PMCID: PMC11077578 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The structural properties, dynamical behaviors, and ion transport phenomena at the interface between water and cerium oxide are investigated by reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations employing neural network potentials (NNPs). The NNPs are trained to reproduce density functional theory (DFT) results, and DFT-based MD (DFT-MD) simulations with enhanced sampling techniques and refinement schemes are employed to efficiently and systematically acquire training data that include diverse hydrogen-bonding configurations caused by proton hopping events. The water interfaces with two low-index surfaces of (111) and (110) are explored with these NNPs, and the structure and long-range proton and hydroxide ion transfer dynamics are examined with unprecedented system sizes and long simulation times. Various types of proton hopping events at the interface are categorized and analyzed in detail. Furthermore, in order to decipher the proton and hydroxide ion transport phenomena along the surface, a counting analysis based on the semi-Markov process is formulated and applied to the MD trajectories to obtain reaction rates by considering the transport as stochastic jump processes. Through this model, the coupling between hopping events, vibrational motions, and hydrogen bond networks at the interface are quantitatively examined, and the high activity and ion transport phenomena at the water/CeO2 interface are unequivocally revealed in the nanosecond regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kobayashi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Tatsushi Ikeda
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Akira Nakayama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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Acosta‐Gutiérrez S, Buckley J, Battaglia G. The Role of Host Cell Glycans on Virus Infectivity: The SARS-CoV-2 Case. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2201853. [PMID: 36417571 PMCID: PMC9811451 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are ubiquitously expressed sugars, coating the cell and protein surfaces. They are found on many proteins as either short and branched chains or long chains sticking out from special membrane proteins, known as proteoglycans. This sugar cushion, the glycocalyx, modulates specific interactions and protects the cell. Here it is shown that both the expression of proteoglycans and the glycans expressed on the surface of both the host and virus proteins have a critical role in modulating viral attachment to the cell. A mathematical model using SARS-Cov-2 as an archetypical virus to study the glycan role during infection is proposed. It is shown that this occurs via a tug-of-war of forces. On one side, the multivalent molecular recognition that viral proteins have toward specific host glycans and receptors. On the other side, the glycan steric repulsion that a virus must overcome to approach such specific receptors. By balancing both interactions, viral tropism can be predicted. In other words, the authors can map out the cells susceptible to virus infection in terms of receptors and proteoglycans compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Acosta‐Gutiérrez
- Institute for the Physics of Living SystemsUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StLondonCentral LondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Joseph Buckley
- Institute for the Physics of Living SystemsUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StLondonCentral LondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Institute for the Physics of Living SystemsUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StLondonCentral LondonWC1H 0AJUK
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaBarcelona08028Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advances Studies (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
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Counteractive Effects of Choline Geranate (CAGE) ILs and Ethanol on Insulin's Stability-A Leap Forward towards Oral Insulin Formulation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155031. [PMID: 35956982 PMCID: PMC9370287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Choline geranate (CAGE) ionic liquids (ILs) stabilize insulin, thereby aiding its oral delivery, whereas ethanol (EtOH) affects its stability by disrupting the hydrophobic interactions. In this study, cognizance of the stabilization mechanism of insulin dimer in the presence of both CAGE ILs and EtOH mixtures is achieved through biased and unbiased molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Here, two order parameters are employed to study the insulin dimer dissociation using well-tempered metadynamics (WT-MetaD). The stability of insulin is found to be strongly maintained until a 0.20 mole fraction of EtOH. Besides, higher concentrations of EtOH marginally affect the insulin stability. Moreover, geranate anions form a higher number of H-bonding interactions with water molecules, which aids insulin stabilization. Conversely, the addition of EtOH minimizes the water-mediated H-bonding interactions of geranate. Additionally, geranate traps the EtOH molecules, thereby preventing the interactions between insulin and EtOH. Furthermore, the free energy landscape (FEL) reveals the absence of dimer dissociation along with noticeable deviations in the distances R and the number of contacts Q. The dimerization free energy of insulin was calculated to be −16.1 kcal/mol at a 0.20 mole fraction of EtOH. Moreover, increments in mole fractions of EtOH effectuate a decrease in the insulin stability. Thus, the present study represents CAGE ILs as efficient insulin dimer stabilizes at low concentrations of EtOH.
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Mancardi G, Alberghini M, Aguilera-Porta N, Calatayud M, Asinari P, Chiavazzo E. Multi-Scale Modelling of Aggregation of TiO 2 Nanoparticle Suspensions in Water. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020217. [PMID: 35055235 PMCID: PMC8778026 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have risen concerns about their possible toxicity and the European Food Safety Authority recently banned the use of TiO2 nano-additive in food products. Following the intent of relating nanomaterials atomic structure with their toxicity without having to conduct large-scale experiments on living organisms, we investigate the aggregation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a multi-scale technique: starting from ab initio Density Functional Theory to get an accurate determination of the energetics and electronic structure, we switch to classical Molecular Dynamics simulations to calculate the Potential of Mean Force for the connection of two identical nanoparticles in water; the fitting of the latter by a set of mathematical equations is the key for the upscale. Lastly, we perform Brownian Dynamics simulations where each nanoparticle is a spherical bead. This coarsening strategy allows studying the aggregation of a few thousand nanoparticles. Applying this novel procedure, we find three new molecular descriptors, namely, the aggregation free energy and two numerical parameters used to correct the observed deviation from the aggregation kinetics described by the Smoluchowski theory. Ultimately, molecular descriptors can be fed into QSAR models to predict the toxicity of a material knowing its physicochemical properties, enabling safe design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mancardi
- Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (P.A.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Alberghini
- Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (P.A.); (E.C.)
- Clean Water Center, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Neus Aguilera-Porta
- Laboratoire de Chimie Theorique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (N.A.-P.); (M.C.)
| | - Monica Calatayud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Theorique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; (N.A.-P.); (M.C.)
| | - Pietro Asinari
- Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (P.A.); (E.C.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Eliodoro Chiavazzo
- Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (P.A.); (E.C.)
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Abstract
Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states1-7, depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation of the two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crystals is significantly reduced. Here we report a paracrystalline state of diamond that is distinct from either crystalline or amorphous diamond8-10. The paracrystalline diamond reported in this work, consisting of sub-nanometre-sized paracrystallites that possess a well-defined crystalline medium-range order up to a few atomic shells4,5,11-13, was synthesized in high-pressure high-temperature conditions (for example, 30 GPa and 1,600 K) employing face-centred cubic C60 as a precursor. The structural characteristics of the paracrystalline diamond were identified through a combination of X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission microscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulation. The formation of paracrystalline diamond is a result of densely distributed nucleation sites developed in compressed C60 as well as pronounced second-nearest-neighbour short-range order in amorphous diamond due to strong sp3 bonding. The discovery of paracrystalline diamond adds an unusual diamond form to the enriched carbon family14-16, which exhibits distinguishing physical properties and can be furthered exploited to develop new materials. Furthermore, this work reveals the missing link in the length scale between amorphous and crystalline states across the structural landscape, having profound implications for recognizing complex structures arising from amorphous materials.
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Lu H, Xu Q, Wu J, Hong R, Zhang Z. Effect of interfacial dipole on heterogeneous ice nucleation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:375001. [PMID: 34181589 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0f2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of ice nucleation on a rigid surface model of cubic zinc blende structure with different surface dipole strength and orientation. Our results show that, although substrates are excellently lattice-matched to cubic ice, ice nucleation merely occurred as the interfacial water molecules (IWs) show identical or similar orientations to that of water molecules in cubic ice. Free energy landscapes revealed that, as substrates have non-suitable dipole strength/orientation, there exist large free energy barriers for rotating dipole IWs to the right orientation to trigger ice formation. This study stresses that, beyond the traditional view of lattice match and the similarity of lattice length between the substrate and new-formed crystal, the similarity between molecular orientations of interfacial component and component in the specific new-formed crystalline face is also critical for promoting ice nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanming Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Wu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongdun Hong
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
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Hayashi A, Ato Y, Yamamoto A, Yoshida H, Yamanaka S, Kawakami T, Okumura M. Gibbs Energy of Hydrogen Adsorption on Pt Surface by Machine Learning Potential and Metadynamics. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-32 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 563-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-32 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 563-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Hisao Yoshida
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-32 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 563-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-32 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 563-0043, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Okumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-32 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 563-0043, Japan
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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A Novel Paradigm for Expert Core Facility Staff Training. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:669-672. [PMID: 32622700 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Scientific research relies on a range of technologies, many of which are developing at a fast pace. Technical experts able to advise researchers on experimental design and validate the performance1 of shared instruments are increasingly recognized as critical members of the research community. Here I describe a novel postdoctoral fellowship program designed to train expert imaging scientists, which could easily be adapted for other technologies.
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