1
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Dhar T, Bera D, Chaudhuri T, Mukhopadhyay C. Metal and acid-free synthesis of acenaphthenone-2-ylidene ketones in PEG 400 and their radical nitration by TBN in water. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39254654 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00963k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of acenaphthenone-2-ylidene ketones has been developed using PEG 400 as a solvent under metal and acid-free conditions. Using TBN as a nitrating agent under atmospheric oxygen, nitration of acenaphthenone-2-ylidene ketones has been accomplished for the first time. Upon nitration, (E)-2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethylidene)acenaphthylen-1(2H)-one and alkyl (E)-2-(2-oxoacenaphthylen-1(2H)-ylidene)acetate give the diastereomer with the same geometry. The variety of substrates employed and low cost and non-toxicity of the chemicals used in this process demonstrate its important applicability. Another noteworthy aspect of the procedure is that, in contrast to previous procedures, it does not use HNO3 or metal nitrates during the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiyasa Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
| | - Debasish Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
| | - Tandrima Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Bhupendranath Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Burdwan 713407, India
| | - Chhanda Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
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2
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Kekessie I, Wegner K, Martinez I, Kopach ME, White TD, Tom JK, Kenworthy MN, Gallou F, Lopez J, Koenig SG, Payne PR, Eissler S, Arumugam B, Li C, Mukherjee S, Isidro-Llobet A, Ludemann-Hombourger O, Richardson P, Kittelmann J, Sejer Pedersen D, van den Bos LJ. Process Mass Intensity (PMI): A Holistic Analysis of Current Peptide Manufacturing Processes Informs Sustainability in Peptide Synthesis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4261-4282. [PMID: 38508870 PMCID: PMC11002941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Small molecule therapeutics represent the majority of the FDA-approved drugs. Yet, many attractive targets are poorly tractable by small molecules, generating a need for new therapeutic modalities. Due to their biocompatibility profile and structural versatility, peptide-based therapeutics are a possible solution. Additionally, in the past two decades, advances in peptide design, delivery, formulation, and devices have occurred, making therapeutic peptides an attractive modality. However, peptide manufacturing is often limited to solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), liquid phase peptide synthesis (LPPS), and to a lesser extent hybrid SPPS/LPPS, with SPPS emerging as a predominant platform technology for peptide synthesis. SPPS involves the use of excess solvents and reagents which negatively impact the environment, thus highlighting the need for newer technologies to reduce the environmental footprint. Herein, fourteen American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute Pharmaceutical Roundtable (ACS GCIPR) member companies with peptide-based therapeutics in their portfolio have compiled Process Mass Intensity (PMI) metrics to help inform the sustainability efforts in peptide synthesis. This includes PMI assessment on 40 synthetic peptide processes at various development stages in pharma, classified according to the development phase. This is the most comprehensive assessment of synthetic peptide environmental metrics to date. The synthetic peptide manufacturing process was divided into stages (synthesis, purification, isolation) to determine their respective PMI. On average, solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) (PMI ≈ 13,000) does not compare favorably with other modalities such as small molecules (PMI median 168-308) and biopharmaceuticals (PMI ≈ 8300). Thus, the high PMI for peptide synthesis warrants more environmentally friendly processes in peptide manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Kekessie
- Early Discovery
Biochemistry - Peptide Therapeutics, Genentech,
Inc., A Member of the Roche Group, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katarzyna Wegner
- Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredient Development, Ipsen Manufacturing
Ireland Ltd., Blanchardstown
Industrial Park, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Isamir Martinez
- Green Chemistry
Institute, American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St North West, Washington, District of Columbia, 20036, United
States
| | - Michael E. Kopach
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Timothy D. White
- Synthetic
Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly
and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Janine K. Tom
- Drug Substance
Technologies, Amgen, Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Martin N. Kenworthy
- Chemical
Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Gallou
- Chemical
& Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma
AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Lopez
- Chemical
& Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma
AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan G. Koenig
- Small
Molecule
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc.,
A Member of the Roche Group, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Philippa R. Payne
- Outsourced
Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing, Gilead Alberta ULC, 1021 Hayter Rd NW, Edmonton, T6S 1A1, Canada
| | - Stefan Eissler
- Bachem
AG, Hauptstrasse 144, 4416 Bubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Balasubramanian Arumugam
- Chemical
Macromolecule Division, Asymchem Life Science
(Tianjin) Co., Ltd., 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Chemical
Macromolecule Division, Asymchem Life Science
(Tianjin) Co., Ltd., 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Subha Mukherjee
- Chemical
Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | | | | | - Paul Richardson
- Chemistry, Pfizer, 10578 Science Center Drive (CB6), San Diego, California 09121, United States
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3
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Procopio D, Siciliano C, Di Gioia ML. Reactive deep eutectic solvents for EDC-mediated amide synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1400-1408. [PMID: 38126479 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01673k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The sustainability of amide bond formation is an ever-present topic in the pharmaceutical industry, as it represents the common motif in many clinically approved drugs. Despite many procedures for accomplishing eco-friendly amide synthesis having been developed, this transformation still remains a contemporary challenge. Herein, we report a greener approach for amide synthesis by using Reactive Deep Eutectic Solvents (RDESs) acting as both the reaction medium and reactants. The procedure not only avoids the use of hazardous solvents but also provides operationally simple product recovery with high purity and efficiency, without chromatographic purification. This approach was efficiently applied to the synthesis of a key intermediate in the production of an active pharmaceutical ingredient like atenolol. The green metrics of the gram-scale procedure were compared to the conventional industrial strategy showing an advancement in the greening of amide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Procopio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata of Rende, Italy.
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata of Rende, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata of Rende, Italy.
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4
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Kavthe RD, Iyer KS, Caravez JC, Lipshutz BH. A sustainable, efficient, and potentially cost-effective approach to the antimalarial drug candidate MMV688533. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6399-6407. [PMID: 37325157 PMCID: PMC10266478 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01699d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A 6-step synthesis of the antimalarial drug candidate MMV688533 is reported. Key transformations carried out under aqueous micellar conditions include two Sonogashira couplings and amide bond formation. Compared with the first-generation manufacturing process reported by Sanofi, the current route features ppm levels of palladium loading, less material input, less organic solvent, and no traditional amide coupling reagents. The overall yield is improved ten-fold, from 6.4% to 67%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul D Kavthe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Karthik S Iyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Juan C Caravez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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5
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Freiberg KM, Kavthe RD, Thomas RM, Fialho DM, Dee P, Scurria M, Lipshutz BH. Direct formation of amide/peptide bonds from carboxylic acids: no traditional coupling reagents, 1-pot, and green. Chem Sci 2023; 14:3462-3469. [PMID: 37006678 PMCID: PMC10055766 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Technology for generating especially important amide and peptide bonds from carboxylic acids and amines that avoids traditional coupling reagents is described. The 1-pot processes developed rely on thioester formation, neat, using a simple dithiocarbamate, and are safe and green, and rely on Nature-inspired thioesters that are then converted to the targeted functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Freiberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Rahul D Kavthe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Rohan M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - David M Fialho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Paris Dee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Matthew Scurria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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6
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Coupling photocatalytic water oxidation with reductive transformations of organic molecules. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6186. [PMID: 36261445 PMCID: PMC9581948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of readily available and non-toxic water by photocatalytic water splitting is highly attractive in green chemistry. Herein we report that light-induced oxidative half-reaction of water splitting is effectively coupled with reduction of organic compounds, which provides a light-induced avenue to use water as an electron donor to enable reductive transformations of organic substances. The present strategy allows various aryl bromides to undergo smoothly the reductive coupling with Pd/g-C3N4* as the photocatalyst, giving a pollutive reductant-free method for synthesizing biaryl skeletons. Moreover, the use of green visible-light energy endows this process with more advantages including mild conditions and good functional group tolerance. Although this method has some disadvantages such as a use of environmentally unfriendly 1,2-dioxane, an addition of Na2CO3 and so on, it can guide chemists to use water as a reducing agent to develop clean procedures for various organic reactions. While reductive coupling strategies in organic synthesis are crucial, most require additional sacrificial or toxic reagents. Here, authors demonstrate water as mild reducing agent in the photochemical reduction of organic compounds paired with photocatalytic water oxidation.
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7
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Campos CH, Shanmugaraj K, Bustamante TM, Leal-Villarroel E, Vinoth V, Aepuru R, Mangalaraja RV, Torres CC. Catalytic production of anilines by nitro-compounds hydrogenation over highly recyclable platinum nanoparticles supported on halloysite nanotubes. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Stanway‐Gordon HA, Graham JS, Waring MJ. On-DNA Transfer Hydrogenolysis and Hydrogenation for the Synthesis of DNA-Encoded Chemical Libraries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111927. [PMID: 34748693 PMCID: PMC9298793 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) are an increasingly popular approach to finding small molecule ligands for proteins. Many DEL synthesis protocols hinge on sequential additions of monomers using split-pool combinatorial methods. Therefore, compatible protecting group strategies that allow the unmasking of reactive functionality (e. g. amines and alcohols) prior to monomer coupling, or the removal of less desirable functionality (e. g., alkenes and alkynes) are highly desirable. Hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis procedures would achieve these ends but have not been amenable to DEL chemistry. We report a catalytic hydrogen transfer reaction using Pd/C, HCONH4 and the micelle-forming surfactant, TPGS-750-M, which gives highly efficient conversions for hydrogenolysis of Cbz-protected amines and benzyl protected alcohols and hydrogenation of nitros, halides, nitriles, aldehydes, alkenes and alkynes. Application to multicycle synthesis of an encoded compound was fully compatible with DNA-amplification and sequencing, demonstrating its applicability to DEL synthesis. This method will enable synthetic DEL sequences using orthogonal protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet A. Stanway‐Gordon
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery UnitChemistrySchool of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityBedson BuildingNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | - Jessica S. Graham
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery UnitChemistrySchool of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityBedson BuildingNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | - Michael J. Waring
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery UnitChemistrySchool of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityBedson BuildingNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
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10
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Stanway‐Gordon HA, Graham JS, Waring MJ. On-DNA Transfer Hydrogenolysis and Hydrogenation for the Synthesis of DNA-Encoded Chemical Libraries. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202111927. [PMID: 38505343 PMCID: PMC10946939 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) are an increasingly popular approach to finding small molecule ligands for proteins. Many DEL synthesis protocols hinge on sequential additions of monomers using split-pool combinatorial methods. Therefore, compatible protecting group strategies that allow the unmasking of reactive functionality (e. g. amines and alcohols) prior to monomer coupling, or the removal of less desirable functionality (e. g., alkenes and alkynes) are highly desirable. Hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis procedures would achieve these ends but have not been amenable to DEL chemistry. We report a catalytic hydrogen transfer reaction using Pd/C, HCONH4 and the micelle-forming surfactant, TPGS-750-M, which gives highly efficient conversions for hydrogenolysis of Cbz-protected amines and benzyl protected alcohols and hydrogenation of nitros, halides, nitriles, aldehydes, alkenes and alkynes. Application to multicycle synthesis of an encoded compound was fully compatible with DNA-amplification and sequencing, demonstrating its applicability to DEL synthesis. This method will enable synthetic DEL sequences using orthogonal protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet A. Stanway‐Gordon
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery UnitChemistrySchool of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityBedson BuildingNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | - Jessica S. Graham
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery UnitChemistrySchool of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityBedson BuildingNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | - Michael J. Waring
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery UnitChemistrySchool of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityBedson BuildingNewcastle upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
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11
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Watanabe T, Terada K, Takemura S, Masunaga H, Tsuchiya K, Lamprou A, Numata K. Chemoenzymatic Polymerization of l-Serine Ethyl Ester in Aqueous Media without Side-Group Protection. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:147-156. [PMID: 36855524 PMCID: PMC9954318 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly(l-serine) (polySer) has tremendous potential as a polypeptide-based functional material due to the utility of the hydroxyl group on its side chain; however, tedious protection/deprotection of the hydroxyl groups is required for its synthesis. In this study, polySer was synthesized by the chemoenzymatic polymerization (CEP) of l-serine ethyl ester (Ser-OEt) or l-serine methyl ester (Ser-OMe) using papain as a catalyst in an aqueous medium. The CEP of Ser-OEt proceeded at basic pH ranging from 7.5 to 9.5 and resulted in the maximum precipitate yield of polySer at an optimized pH of 8.5. A series of peaks detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that the formed precipitate consisted of polySer with a degree of polymerization ranging from 5 to 22. Moreover, infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the obtained polySer formed a β-sheet/strand structure. This is the first time the synthesis of polySer was realized by CEP in aqueous solution without protecting the hydroxyl group of the Ser monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Watanabe
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kayo Terada
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shogo Takemura
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan
Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan,Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan,
| | - Alexandros Lamprou
- Innovation
Campus Asia Pacific (Shanghai), BASF Advanced
Chemicals Co., Ltd., No 300, Jiangxinsha Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Keiji Numata
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan,Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan,
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12
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Procopio D, Siciliano C, Trombino S, Dumitrescu DE, Suciu F, Di Gioia ML. Green solvents for the formation of amide linkages. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:1137-1149. [PMID: 34821895 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01814k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the amide bond is among the most commonly performed transformations in the pharmaceutical industry and the wider chemical industry. The current methods for its installation in organic compounds frequently rely on the use of large amounts of organic solvents, mainly N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and dichloromethane (DCM), which have been associated with adverse environmental and health concerns over the last decades. This fact led academia and industry to make significant efforts toward the development of synthetic routes with the aim to avoid, reduce or replace the use of hazardous solvents. The present review fits into this framework and discusses the literature existing over the past ten years on strategies for reducing and replacing hazardous solvents, focusing on the use of biobased and neoteric solvents, such as ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents (ILs and DESs, respectively), and on the reaction media that proved to be greener alternatives for amide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Procopio
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Excellence L. 232/2016, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Excellence L. 232/2016, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Excellence L. 232/2016, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Denisa Elena Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius, University Constanta, Str. Cpt. Av. Al. Serbanescu, Campus Corp C, Constanta, Romania
| | - Felicia Suciu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius, University Constanta, Str. Cpt. Av. Al. Serbanescu, Campus Corp C, Constanta, Romania
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Excellence L. 232/2016, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy.
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13
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Mandal R, Mahanty K, Mandal S, De Sarkar S, Tarafdar PK. Membrane transport inspired hydrolysis of non-activated esters at near physiological pH. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11088-11091. [PMID: 34617097 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04525c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A positively charged micelle loaded with substrates was transported selectively to the reaction site (cathode) to promote the proximity and localization of the reactants (ester and hydroxide). The guided vehicular delivery coupled with electrolysis allows the hydrolysis of non-activated esters at near physiological pH with significant yields along with recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raki Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Kingshuk Mahanty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Subhendu Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Pradip K Tarafdar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
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14
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Banerjee M, Panjikar PC, Bhutia ZT, Bhosle AA, Chatterjee A. Micellar nanoreactors for organic transformations with a focus on “dehydration” reactions in water: A decade update. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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“TPG-lite”: A new, simplified “designer” surfactant for general use in synthesis under micellar catalysis conditions in recyclable water. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Shen T, Zhou S, Ruan J, Chen X, Liu X, Ge X, Qian C. Recent advances on micellar catalysis in water. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 287:102299. [PMID: 33321331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Water is the universal solvent in nature to catalyze the biological transformation processes. However, owing to the immiscibility of many reagents in water, synthesis chemistry relies heavily on organic solvent. Micellar media is a green alternative to traditional petroleum feedstock derived solvents, which is recently attracting increasing research attention. The present review deals with the recent advances in micellar catalysis with an emphasis on the new "tailor-made" surfactants for various reactions. A brief overview of commercial surfactants, including anionic micelles, cationic micelles, and nonionic micelles is presented. More importantly, an attempt was made to discuss systematically the recent research progress on new surfactants by introducing structures, micellar effects and recycling process, aiming to serve as the basis for future development of surfactants.
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17
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Knauer S, Koch N, Uth C, Meusinger R, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Sustainable Peptide Synthesis Enabled by a Transient Protecting Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Knauer
- Sulfotools GmbH In der Niederwiesen 24a 64291 Darmstadt Germany
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry TU Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Niklas Koch
- Sulfotools GmbH In der Niederwiesen 24a 64291 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christina Uth
- Sulfotools GmbH In der Niederwiesen 24a 64291 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Reinhard Meusinger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry TU Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry TU Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry TU Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Knauer S, Koch N, Uth C, Meusinger R, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Sustainable Peptide Synthesis Enabled by a Transient Protecting Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12984-12990. [PMID: 32324944 PMCID: PMC7496111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in synthetic peptides has prompted the development of viable methods for their sustainable production. Currently, large amounts of toxic solvents are required for peptide assembly from protected building blocks, and switching to water as a reaction medium remains a major hurdle in peptide chemistry. We report an aqueous solid‐phase peptide synthesis strategy that is based on a water‐compatible 2,7‐disulfo‐9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Smoc) protecting group. This approach enables peptide assembly under aqueous conditions, real‐time monitoring of building block coupling, and efficient postsynthetic purification. The procedure for the synthesis of all natural and several non‐natural Smoc‐protected amino acids is described, as well as the assembly of 22 peptide sequences and the fundamental issues of SPPS, including the protecting group strategy, coupling and cleavage efficiency, stability under aqueous conditions, and crucial side reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Knauer
- Sulfotools GmbH, In der Niederwiesen 24a, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany.,Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Niklas Koch
- Sulfotools GmbH, In der Niederwiesen 24a, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina Uth
- Sulfotools GmbH, In der Niederwiesen 24a, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Reinhard Meusinger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, TU Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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19
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Lorenzetto T, Berton G, Fabris F, Scarso A. Recent designer surfactants for catalysis in water. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01062f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent development of new designer surfactants further spurs the development of micellar catalysis in water for chemical transformations and catalysis, providing reliable alternatives to the employment of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lorenzetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
| | - Giacomo Berton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fabris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca' Foscari Venezia
- Venezia
- Italy
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20
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Sar P, Ghosh A, Scarso A, Saha B. Surfactant for better tomorrow: applied aspect of surfactant aggregates from laboratory to industry. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-04017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Coomber CE, Laserna V, Martin LT, Smith PD, Hailes HC, Porter MJ, Sheppard TD. Catalytic direct amidations in tert-butyl acetate using B(OCH 2CF 3) 3. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6465-6469. [PMID: 31225568 PMCID: PMC6724682 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01012b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic direct amidation reactions have been the focus of considerable recent research effort, due to the widespread use of amide formation processes in pharmaceutical synthesis. However, the vast majority of catalytic amidations are performed in non-polar solvents (aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers) which are typically undesirable from a sustainability perspective, and are often poor at solubilising polar carboxylic acid and amine substrates. As a consequence, most catalytic amidation protocols are unsuccessful when applied to polar and/or functionalised substrates of the kind commonly used in medicinal chemistry. In this paper we report a practical and useful catalytic direct amidation reaction using tert-butyl acetate as the reaction solvent. The use of an ester solvent offers improvements in terms of safety and sustainability, but also leads to an improved reaction scope with regard to polar substrates and less nucleophilic anilines, both of which are important components of amides used in medicinal chemistry. An amidation reaction was scaled up to 100 mmol and proceeded with excellent yield and efficiency, with a measured process mass intensity of 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Coomber
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Victor Laserna
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Liam T Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Peter D Smith
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Michael J Porter
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Tom D Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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