1
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Yang C, Houk KN, Dubi Y, Guo X. Reply to: Questioning claims of monitoring the Michael addition reaction at the single-molecule level. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01632-8. [PMID: 39313628 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yonatan Dubi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Centre of Single-Molecule Sciences, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, P. R. China.
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2
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Ju H, Wang B, Li M, Hao J, Si W, Song S, Mei K, Sue ACH, Wang J, Jia C, Guo X. Tracking Noncovalent Interactions of π, π-Hole, and Ion in Molecular Complexes at the Single-Molecule Level. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25290-25298. [PMID: 39196992 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions involving aromatic rings, such as π-stacking and π-ion interactions, play an essential role in molecular recognition, assembly, catalysis, and electronics. However, the inherently weak and complex nature of these interactions has made it challenging to study them experimentally, especially with regard to elucidating their properties in solution. Herein, the noncovalent interactions between π and π-hole, π and cation, and π-hole and anion in molecular complexes in nonpolar solution are investigated in situ through single-molecule electrical measurements in combination with theoretical calculations. Specifically, phenyl and pentafluorobenzyl groups serve as π and π-hole sites, respectively, while Li+ and Cl- are employed as the cation and anion. Our findings reveal that, in comparison with homogeneous π···π interactions, heterogeneous π···π-hole and π···cation interactions exhibit greater binding energies, resulting in a longer binding lifetime of the molecular junctions. Meanwhile, π···Li+ and π-hole···Cl- interactions present significantly distinct binding characteristics, with the former being stronger but more flexible than the latter. Furthermore, by changing the molecular components, similar conductivity can be achieved in both molecular dimers or sandwich complexes. These results provide new insights into π- and π-hole-involved noncovalent interactions, offering novel strategies for precise manipulation of molecular assembly, recognition, and molecular device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ju
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Boyu Wang
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jie Hao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wei Si
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Song
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Kunrong Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Wang
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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3
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Xie Y, Qiu S, Guo Q, Li C, Chen N, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Cao Z, Wang T, Du W, Wang L, Li Y. Dynamically blocking leakage current in molecular tunneling junctions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12721-12731. [PMID: 39148779 PMCID: PMC11322961 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02829e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular tunneling junctions based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have demonstrated rectifying characteristics at the nanoscale that can hardly be achieved using traditional approaches. However, defects in SAMs result in high leakage when applying bias. The poor performance of molecular diodes compared to silicon or thin-film devices limits their further development. In this study, we show that incorporating "mixed backbones" with flexible-rigid structures into molecular junctions can dynamically block tunneling currents, which is difficult to realize using non-molecular technology. Our idea is achieved by the interaction between interfacial dipole moments and electric field, triggering structured packing in SAMs. Efficient blocking of leakage by more than an order of magnitude leads to a significant enhancement of the rectification ratio to the initial value. The rearrangement of supramolecular structures has also been verified through electrochemistry and electroluminescence measurements. Moreover, the enhanced rectification is extended to various challenging environments, including endurance measurements, bending of electrodes, and rough electrodes, thus demonstrating the feasibility of the dynamic behavior of molecules for practical electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Shengzhe Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Chengtai Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Ningyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ziming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhou Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Wei Du
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Lejia Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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4
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Xu X, Gao C, Emusani R, Jia C, Xiang D. Toward Practical Single-Molecule/Atom Switches. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400877. [PMID: 38810145 PMCID: PMC11304318 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Electronic switches have been considered to be one of the most important components of contemporary electronic circuits for processing and storing digital information. Fabricating functional devices with building blocks of atomic/molecular switches can greatly promote the minimization of the devices and meet the requirement of high integration. This review highlights key developments in the fabrication and application of molecular switching devices. This overview offers valuable insights into the switching mechanisms under various stimuli, emphasizing structural and energy state changes in the core molecules. Beyond the molecular switches, typical individual metal atomic switches are further introduced. A critical discussion of the main challenges for realizing and developing practical molecular/atomic switches is provided. These analyses and summaries will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the switch mechanisms, providing guidance for the rational design of functional nanoswitch devices toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Chunyan Gao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Ramya Emusani
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
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5
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Hu W, Li M, Xiong W, Zhou S, Zou Q, Lü JT, Tian H, Guo X. Real-Time Direct Monitoring of Chirality Fixation and Recognition at the Single-Molecule Level. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17765-17772. [PMID: 38902874 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Chirality, a fundamental attribute of nature, significantly influences a wide range of phenomena related to physical properties, chemical reactions, biological pharmacology, and so on. As a pivotal aspect of chirality research, chirality recognition contributes to the synthesis of complex chiral products from simple chiral compounds and exhibits intricate interplay between chiral materials. However, macroscopic detection technologies cannot unveil the dynamic process and intrinsic mechanisms of single-molecule chirality recognition. Herein, we present a single-molecule detection platform based on graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions to measure the chirality recognition involving interactions between amines and chiral alcohols. This approach leads to the realization of in situ and real-time direct observation of chirality recognition at the single-molecule level, demonstrating that chiral alcohols exhibit compelling potential to induce the formation of the corresponding chiral configuration of molecules. The amalgamation of theoretical analyses with experimental findings reveals a synergistic action between electrostatic interactions and steric hindrance effects in the chirality recognition process, thus substantiating the microscopic mechanism governing the chiral structure-activity relationship. These studies open up a pathway for exploring novel chiral phenomena from the fundamental limits of chemistry, such as chiral origin and chiral amplification, and offer important insights into the precise synthesis of chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingyao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wan Xiong
- School of Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shuyao Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Tao Lü
- School of Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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6
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Yang C, Chen Z, Yu C, Cao J, Ke G, Zhu W, Liang W, Huang J, Cai W, Saha C, Sabuj MA, Rai N, Li X, Yang J, Li Y, Huang F, Guo X. Regulation of quantum spin conversions in a single molecular radical. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:978-985. [PMID: 38448520 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Free radicals, generally formed through the cleavage of covalent electron-pair bonds, play an important role in diverse fields ranging from synthetic chemistry to spintronics and nonlinear optics. However, the characterization and regulation of the radical state at a single-molecule level face formidable challenges. Here we present the detection and sophisticated tuning of the open-shell character of individual diradicals with a donor-acceptor structure via a sensitive single-molecule electrical approach. The radical is sandwiched between nanogapped graphene electrodes via covalent amide bonds to construct stable graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions. We measure the electrical conductance as a function of temperature and track the evolution of the closed-shell and open-shell electronic structures in real time, the open-shell triplet state being stabilized with increasing temperature. Furthermore, we tune the spin states by external stimuli, such as electrical and magnetic fields, and extract thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the transition between closed-shell and open-shell states. Our findings provide insights into the evolution of single-molecule radicals under external stimuli, which may proof instrumental for the development of functional quantum spin-based molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxin Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cuiju Yu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guojun Ke
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiya Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weixuan Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Cai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chinmoy Saha
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Md Abdus Sabuj
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Neeraj Rai
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Centre of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China.
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7
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Wang F, Zhang C, Wu F, He Z, Huang Y. Investigation of the Single-Particle Scale Structure-Activity Relationship Providing New Insights for the Development of High-Performance Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400683. [PMID: 38747891 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
As electric vehicles, portable electronic devices, and tools have increasingly high requirements for battery energy density and power density, constantly improving battery performance is a research focus. Accurate measurement of the structure-activity relationship of active materials is key to advancing the research of high-performance batteries. However, conventional performance tests of active materials are based on the electrochemical measurement of porous composite electrodes containing active materials, polymer binders, and conductive carbon additives, which cannot establish an accurate structure-activity relationship with the physical characterization of microregions. In this review, in order to promote the accurate measurement and understanding of the structure-activity relationship of materials, the electrochemical measurement and physical characterization of energy storage materials at single-particle scale are reviewed. The potential problems and possible improvement schemes of the single particle electrochemical measurement and physical characterization are proposed. Their potential applications in single particle electrochemical simulation and machine learning are prospected. This review aims to promote the further application of single particle electrochemical measurement and physical characterization in energy storage materials, hoping to achieve 3D unified evaluation of physical characterization, electrochemical measurement, and theoretical simulation at the single particle scale to provide new inspiration for the development of high-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Zhichao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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8
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Ju H, Cheng L, Li M, Mei K, He S, Jia C, Guo X. Single-Molecule Electrical Profiling of Peptides and Proteins. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401877. [PMID: 38639403 PMCID: PMC11267281 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the application of single-molecule electrical analysis platforms in studying proteins and peptides. These advanced analysis methods have the potential for deep investigation of enzymatic working mechanisms and accurate monitoring of dynamic changes in protein configurations, which are often challenging to achieve in ensemble measurements. In this work, the prominent research progress in peptide and protein-related studies are surveyed using electronic devices with single-molecule/single-event sensitivity, including single-molecule junctions, single-molecule field-effect transistors, and nanopores. In particular, the successful commercial application of nanopores in DNA sequencing has made it one of the most promising techniques in protein sequencing at the single-molecule level. From single peptides to protein complexes, the correlation between their electrical characteristics, structures, and biological functions is gradually being established. This enables to distinguish different molecular configurations of these biomacromolecules through real-time electrical monitoring of their life activities, significantly improving the understanding of the mechanisms underlying various life processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ju
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Kunrong Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Suhang He
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single‐Molecule SciencesInstitute of Modern OpticsFrontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterTianjin Key Laboratory of Microscale Optical Information Science and TechnologyCollege of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesNational Biomedical Imaging CenterCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
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9
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Wu X, Xue H, Fink Z, Helms BA, Ashby PD, Omar AK, Russell TP. Oversaturating Liquid Interfaces with Nanoparticle-Surfactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403790. [PMID: 38589294 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Assemblies of nanoparticles at liquid interfaces hold promise as dynamic "active" systems when there are convenient methods to drive the system out of equilibrium via crowding. To this end, we show that oversaturated assemblies of charged nanoparticles can be realized and held in that state with an external electric field. Upon removal of the field, strong interparticle repulsive forces cause a high in-plane electrostatic pressure that is released in an explosive emulsification. We quantify the packing of the assembly as it is driven into the oversaturated state under an applied electric field. Physiochemical conditions substantially affect the intensity of the induced explosive emulsification, underscoring the crucial role of interparticle electrostatic repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA
| | - Han Xue
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA
| | - Zachary Fink
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA-01003, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA
| | - Paul D Ashby
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA
| | - Ahmad K Omar
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA-01003, USA
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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10
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Cui P, Dai Z, Wu Z, Deng M. Effect of Bridging Manner on the Transport Behaviors of Dimethyldihydropyrene/Cyclophanediene Molecular Devices. Molecules 2024; 29:2726. [PMID: 38930792 PMCID: PMC11205608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A molecule-electrode interface with different coupling strengths is one of the greatest challenges in fabricating reliable molecular switches. In this paper, the effects of bridging manner on the transport behaviors of a dimethyldihydropyrene/cyclophanediene (DHP/CPD) molecule connected to two graphene nanoribbon (GNR) electrodes have been investigated by using the non-equilibrium Green's function combined with density functional theory. The results show that both current values and ON/OFF ratios can be modulated to more than three orders of magnitude by changing bridging manner. Bias-dependent transmission spectra and molecule-projected self-consistent Hamiltonians are used to illustrate the conductance and switching feature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the bridging manner modulates the electron transport by changing the energy level alignment between the molecule and the GNR electrodes. This work highlights the ability to achieve distinct conductance and switching performance in single-molecular junctions by varying bridging manners between DHP/CPD molecules and GNR electrodes, thus offering practical insights for designing molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziye Wu
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mingsen Deng
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
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11
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Park J, Dutta S, Sun H, Jo J, Karanth P, Weber D, Tavabi AH, Durmus YE, Dzieciol K, Jodat E, Karl A, Kungl H, Pivak Y, Garza HHP, George C, Mayer J, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Basak S, Eichel RA. Toward Quantitative Electrodeposition via In Situ Liquid Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy: Studying Electroplated Zinc Using Basic Image Processing and 4D STEM. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400081. [PMID: 38686691 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
High energy density electrochemical systems such as metal batteries suffer from uncontrollable dendrite growth on cycling, which can severely compromise battery safety and longevity. This originates from the thermodynamic preference of metal nucleation on electrode surfaces, where obtaining the crucial information on metal deposits in terms of crystal orientation, plated volume, and growth rate is very challenging. In situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is a promising technique to visualize and understand electrodeposition processes, however a detailed quantification of which presents significant difficulties. Here by performing Zn electroplating and analyzing the data via basic image processing, this work not only sheds new light on the dendrite growth mechanism but also demonstrates a workflow showcasing how dendritic deposition can be visualized with volumetric and growth rate information. These results along with additionally corroborated 4D STEM analysis take steps to access information on the crystallographic orientation of the grown Zn nucleates and toward live quantification of in situ electrodeposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbeom Park
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sarmila Dutta
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hongyu Sun
- DENSsolutions B.V., Informaticalaan 12, Delft, 2628 ZD, Netherlands
| | - Janghyun Jo
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Pranav Karanth
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629JB, Netherlands
| | - Dieter Weber
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Amir H Tavabi
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yasin Emre Durmus
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Dzieciol
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Eva Jodat
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - André Karl
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hans Kungl
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yevheniy Pivak
- DENSsolutions B.V., Informaticalaan 12, Delft, 2628 ZD, Netherlands
| | | | - Chandramohan George
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Joachim Mayer
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy (GFE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Shibabrata Basak
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger-A Eichel
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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12
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Luo W, Yan X, Pan X, Jiao J, Mai L. What Makes On-Chip Microdevices Stand Out in Electrocatalysis? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305020. [PMID: 37875658 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Clean and sustainable energy conversion and storage through electrochemistry shows great promise as an alternative to traditional fuel or fossil-consumption energy systems. With regards to practical and high-efficient electrochemistry application, the rational design of active sites and the accurate description of mechanism remain a challenge. Toward this end, in this Perspective, a unique on-chip micro/nano device coupling nanofabrication and low-dimensional electrochemical materials is presented, in which material structure analysis, field-effect regulation, in situ monitoring, and simulation modeling are highlighted. The critical mechanisms that influence electrochemical response are discussed, and how on-chip micro/nano device distinguishes itself is emphasized. The key challenges and opportunities of on-chip electrochemical platforms are also provided through the Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuelei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Jinying Jiao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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13
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Jago D, Liu C, Daaoub AHS, Gaschk E, Walkey MC, Pulbrook T, Qiao X, Sobolev AN, Moggach SA, Costa-Milan D, Higgins SJ, Piggott MJ, Sadeghi H, Nichols RJ, Sangtarash S, Vezzoli A, Koutsantonis GA. An Orthogonal Conductance Pathway in Spiropyrans for Well-Defined Electrosteric Switching Single-Molecule Junctions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306334. [PMID: 37817372 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
While a multitude of studies have appeared touting the use of molecules as electronic components, the design of molecular switches is crucial for the next steps in molecular electronics. In this work, single-molecule devices incorporating spiropyrans, made using break junction techniques, are described. Linear spiropyrans with electrode-contacting groups linked by alkynyl spacers to both the indoline and chromenone moieties have previously provided very low conductance values, and removing the alkynyl spacer has resulted in a total loss of conductance. An orthogonal T-shaped approach to single-molecule junctions incorporating spiropyran moieties in which the conducting pathway lies orthogonal to the molecule backbone is described and characterized. This approach has provided singlemolecule conductance features with good correlation to molecular length. Additional higher conducting states are accessible using switching induced by UV light or protonation. Theoretical modeling demonstrates that upon (photo)chemical isomerization to the merocyanine, two cooperating phenomena increase conductance: release of steric hindrance allows the conductance pathway to become more planar (raising the mid-bandgap transmission) and a bound state introduces sharp interference near the Fermi level of the electrodes similarly responding to the change in state. This design step paves the way for future use of spiropyrans in single-molecule devices and electrosteric switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jago
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Chongguang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | | | - Emma Gaschk
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark C Walkey
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Thea Pulbrook
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Xiaohang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Alexandre N Sobolev
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Stephen A Moggach
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - David Costa-Milan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Simon J Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Matthew J Piggott
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard J Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - George A Koutsantonis
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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14
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Li P, Hou S, Wu Q, Chen Y, Wang B, Ren H, Wang J, Zhai Z, Yu Z, Lambert CJ, Jia C, Guo X. The role of halogens in Au-S bond cleavage for energy-differentiated catalysis at the single-bond limit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7695. [PMID: 38001141 PMCID: PMC10673828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The transformation from one compound to another involves the breaking and formation of chemical bonds at the single-bond level, especially during catalytic reactions that are of great significance in broad fields such as energy conversion, environmental science, life science and chemical synthesis. The study of the reaction process at the single-bond limit is the key to understanding the catalytic reaction mechanism and further rationally designing catalysts. Here, we develop a method to monitor the catalytic process from the perspective of the single-bond energy using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy single-molecule junctions. Experimental and theoretical studies consistently reveal that the attack of a halogen atom on an Au atom can reduce the breaking energy of Au-S bonds, thereby accelerating the bond cleavage reaction and shortening the plateau length during the single-molecule junction breaking. Furthermore, the distinction in catalytic activity between different halogen atoms can be compared as well. This study establishes the intrinsic relationship among the reaction activation energy, the chemical bond breaking energy and the single-molecule junction breaking process, strengthening our mastery of catalytic reactions towards precise chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, 300350, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Yijian Chen
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, 300350, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyu Wang
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, 300350, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Ren
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, 300350, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Wang
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, 300350, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyi Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, 300350, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, 300350, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, 100871, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Hou C, Wang K, Zhang W, Chen D, Wang X, Fan L, Li C, Zhao J, Dong L. In Situ Device-Level TEM Characterization Based on Ultra-Flexible Multilayer MoS 2 Micro-Cantilever. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2301439. [PMID: 37010091 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Current state-of-the-art in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization technology has been capable of statically or dynamically nanorobotic manipulating specimens, affording abundant atom-level material attributes. However, an insurmountable barrier between material attributes investigations and device-level application explorations exists due to immature in situ TEM manufacturing technology and sufficient external coupled stimulus. These limitations seriously prevent the development of in situ device-level TEM characterization. Herein, a representative in situ opto-electromechanical TEM characterization platform is put forward by integrating an ultra-flexible micro-cantilever chip with optical, mechanical, and electrical coupling fields for the first time. On this platform, static and dynamic in situ device-level TEM characterizations are implemented by utilizing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) nanoflake as channel material. E-beam modulation behavior in MoS2 transistors is demonstrated at ultra-high e-beam acceleration voltage (300 kV), stemming from inelastic scattering electron doping into MoS2 nanoflakes. Moreover, in situ dynamic bending MoS2 nanodevices without/with laser irradiation reveals asymmetric piezoresistive properties based on electromechanical effects and secondary enhanced photocurrent based on opto-electromechanical coupling effects, accompanied by real-time monitoring atom-level characterization. This approach provides a step toward advanced in situ device-level TEM characterization technology with excellent perception ability and inspires in situ TEM characterization with ultra-sensitive force feedback and light sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojian Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Donglei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Lu Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511458, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Li
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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