1
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Mori MP, Lozoya O, Brooks AM, Grenet D, Nadalutti CA, Ryback B, Huang KT, Hasan P, Hajnóczky G, Santos JH. Mitochondrial membrane potential regulates nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression through phospholipid remodeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575075. [PMID: 38260521 PMCID: PMC10802563 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨM) is critical for many aspects of mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial protein import and ion homeostasis. While ΔΨM loss and its consequences are well studied, little is known about the effects of increased ΔΨM. In this study, we used cells deleted of ATPIF1, a natural inhibitor of the hydrolytic activity of the ATP synthase, as a genetic model of mitochondrial hyperpolarization. Our data show that chronic ΔΨM increase leads to nuclear DNA hypermethylation, regulating transcription of mitochondria, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism genes. Surprisingly, remodeling of phospholipids, but not metabolites or redox changes, mechanistically links the ΔΨM to the epigenome. These changes were also observed upon chemical exposures and reversed by decreasing the ΔΨM, highlighting them as hallmark adaptations to chronic mitochondrial hyperpolarization. Our results reveal the ΔΨM as the upstream signal conveying the mitochondrial status to the epigenome to regulate cellular biology, providing a new framework for how mitochondria can influence health outcomes in the absence of canonical dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley M. Brooks
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 111 TW Alexander drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709
| | - Dagoberto Grenet
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology
| | | | - Birgitta Ryback
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kai Ting Huang
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Prottoy Hasan
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Gyӧrgy Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology
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2
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Abstract
Significance: The small, multicopy mitochondrial genome (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]) is essential for efficient energy production, as alterations in its coding information or a decrease in its copy number disrupt mitochondrial ATP synthesis. However, the mitochondrial replication machinery encounters numerous challenges that may limit its ability to duplicate this important genome and that jeopardize mtDNA stability, including various lesions in the DNA template, topological stress, and an insufficient nucleotide supply. Recent Advances: An ever-growing array of DNA repair or maintenance factors are being reported to localize to the mitochondria. We review current knowledge regarding the mitochondrial factors that may contribute to the tolerance or repair of various types of changes in the mitochondrial genome, such as base damage, incorporated ribonucleotides, and strand breaks. We also discuss the newly discovered link between mtDNA instability and activation of the innate immune response. Critical Issues: By which mechanisms do mitochondria respond to challenges that threaten mtDNA maintenance? What types of mtDNA damage are repaired, and when are the affected molecules degraded instead? And, finally, which forms of mtDNA instability trigger an immune response, and how? Future Directions: Further work is required to understand the contribution of the DNA repair and damage-tolerance factors present in the mitochondrial compartment, as well as the balance between mtDNA repair and degradation. Finally, efforts to understand the events underlying mtDNA release into the cytosol are warranted. Pursuing these and many related avenues can improve our understanding of what goes wrong in mitochondrial disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 885-905.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Carvalho
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bruno Marçal Repolês
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Isabela Mendes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paulina H Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Nasrallah NA, Wiese BM, Sears CR. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group C (XPC): Emerging Roles in Non-Dermatologic Malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846965. [PMID: 35530314 PMCID: PMC9069926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) is a DNA damage recognition protein essential for initiation of global-genomic nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). Humans carrying germline mutations in the XPC gene exhibit strong susceptibility to skin cancer due to defective removal via GG-NER of genotoxic, solar UV-induced dipyrimidine photoproducts. However, XPC is increasingly recognized as important for protection against non-dermatologic cancers, not only through its role in GG-NER, but also by participating in other DNA repair pathways, in the DNA damage response and in transcriptional regulation. Additionally, XPC expression levels and polymorphisms likely impact development and may serve as predictive and therapeutic biomarkers in a number of these non-dermatologic cancers. Here we review the existing literature, focusing on the role of XPC in non-dermatologic cancer development, progression, and treatment response, and highlight possible future applications of XPC as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawar Al Nasrallah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Wiese
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Catherine R. Sears
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Catherine R. Sears,
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4
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Mustafa E, Makinistian L, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. Do 50/60 Hz magnetic fields influence oxidative or DNA damage responses in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells? Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1581-1591. [PMID: 35320060 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2055803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated possible effects of 50 Hz and 60 Hz magnetic fields (MFs) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, DNA damage repair rate, as well as gene expression related to oxidative stress and DNA damage signaling.Materials and methods: Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were sham-exposed or exposed to 100 µTRMS MFs for 24 h, then assayed or further treated with 100 µM menadione for 1 h before the assay. The levels of ROS and cytosolic superoxide anion (O2•-) were assayed fluorometrically. DNA damage and gene expression were assayed by comet assay and RT-qPCR, respectively. To examine whether MFs affected DNA damage repair rate, cells were allowed to repair their DNA for 1 or 2 h after menadione treatment and then assayed for DNA damage.Results: There was suggestive evidence of a general low-magnitude increase in the expression of ROS-related genes (primarily genes with antioxidant activity) when quantified immediately after MF exposure, suggesting a response to a small increase in ROS level. The possible upregulation of ROS-related genes is supported by the finding that the level of menadione-induced ROS was consistently decreased by 50 Hz MFs (not significantly by 60 Hz MFs) in several measurements 30 - 60 min after MF exposure. MF exposures did not affect cytosolic O2•- levels, DNA damage, or its repair rate. Changes in the expression of DNA damage-signaling genes in the MF-exposed cells did not exceed the expected rate of false positive findings. No firm evidence was found for differential effects from 50 Hz vs. 60 Hz MFs.Conclusions: While only weak effects were found on the endpoints measured, the results are consistent with MF effects on ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Mustafa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leonardo Makinistian
- Department of Physics and Institute of Applied Physics (INFAP), Universidad Nacional de San Luis-CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Jukka Luukkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Juutilainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonne Naarala
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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5
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Freire TS, Mori MP, Miranda JNFA, Muta LYM, Machado FT, Moreno NC, Souza-Pinto NC. Increased H2O2 levels and p53 stabilization lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in XPC-deficient cells. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1380-1389. [PMID: 34447990 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
XPC deficiency is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, increased mitochondrial H2O2 production and sensitivity to the Complex III inhibitor antimycin A (AA), through a yet unclear mechanism. We found an imbalanced expression of several proteins that participate in important mitochondrial function and increased expression and phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor p53 in Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XP-C) (XPC-null) cells compared with an isogenic line corrected in locus with wild-type XPC (XPC-wt). Interestingly, inhibition of p53 nuclear import reversed the overexpression of mitochondrial proteins, whereas AA treatment increased p53 expression more strongly in the XP-C cells. However, inhibition of p53 substantially increased XP-C cellular sensitivity to AA treatment, suggesting that p53 is a critical factor mediating the cellular response to mitochondrial stress. On the other hand, treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine increased glutathione concentration and decreased basal H2O2 production, p53 levels and sensitivity to AA treatment in the XPC-null back to the levels found in XPC-wt cells. Thus, the results suggest a critical role for mitochondrially generated H2O2 in the regulation of p53 expression, which in turn modulates XP-C sensitivity to agents that cause mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - M P Mori
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - J N F A Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - L Y M Muta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - F T Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - N C Moreno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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6
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Quintero-Ruiz N, Corradi C, Moreno NC, de Souza TA, Pereira Castro L, Rocha CRR, Menck CFM. Mutagenicity Profile Induced by UVB Light in Human Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C Cells †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:713-731. [PMID: 34516658 DOI: 10.1111/php.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the main pathways for genome protection against structural DNA damage caused by sunlight, which in turn is extensively related to skin cancer development. The mutation spectra induced by UVB were investigated by whole-exome sequencing of randomly selected clones of NER-proficient and XP-C-deficient human skin fibroblasts. As a model, a cell line unable to recognize and remove lesions (XP-C) was used and compared to the complemented isogenic control (COMP). As expected, a significant increase of mutagenesis was observed in irradiated XP-C cells, mainly C>T transitions, but also CC>TT and C>A base substitutions. Remarkably, the C>T mutations occur mainly at the second base of dipyrimidine sites in pyrimidine-rich sequence contexts, with 5'TC sequence the most mutated. Although T>N mutations were also significantly increased, they were not directly related to pyrimidine dimers. Moreover, the large-scale study of a single UVB irradiation on XP-C cells allowed recovering the typical mutation spectrum found in human skin cancer tumors. Eventually, the data may be used for comparison with the mutational profiles of skin tumors obtained from XP-C patients and may help to understand the mutational process in nonaffected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Quintero-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Corradi
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Antonio de Souza
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Tau GC Bioinformatics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia Pereira Castro
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Drug resistance and mutagenesis Laboratory, Departmento de Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Ciminera AK, Shuck SC, Termini J. Elevated glucose increases genomic instability by inhibiting nucleotide excision repair. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/10/e202101159. [PMID: 34426491 PMCID: PMC8385305 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic, elevated glucose inhibits nucleotide excision repair, which leads to accumulation of DNA glycation adducts, increased DNA strand breaks, and activation of the DNA damage response. We investigated potential mechanisms by which elevated glucose may promote genomic instability. Gene expression studies, protein measurements, mass spectroscopic analyses, and functional assays revealed that elevated glucose inhibited the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, promoted DNA strand breaks, and increased levels of the DNA glycation adduct N2-(1-carboxyethyl)-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine (CEdG). Glycation stress in NER-competent cells yielded single-strand breaks accompanied by ATR activation, γH2AX induction, and enhanced non-homologous end-joining and homology-directed repair. In NER-deficient cells, glycation stress activated ATM/ATR/H2AX, consistent with double-strand break formation. Elevated glucose inhibited DNA repair by attenuating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α–mediated transcription of NER genes via enhanced 2-ketoglutarate–dependent prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) activity. PHD inhibition enhanced transcription of NER genes and facilitated CEdG repair. These results are consistent with a role for hyperglycemia in promoting genomic instability as a potential mechanism for increasing cancer risk in metabolic disease. Because of the pleiotropic functions of many NER genes beyond DNA repair, these results may have broader implications for cellular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Ciminera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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8
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Li H, Zimmerman SE, Weyemi U. Genomic instability and metabolism in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 364:241-265. [PMID: 34507785 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability and metabolic reprogramming are among the key hallmarks discriminating cancer cells from normal cells. The two phenomena contribute to the robust and evasive nature of cancer, particularly when cancer cells are exposed to chemotherapeutic agents. Genomic instability is defined as the increased frequency of mutations within the genome, while metabolic reprogramming is the alteration of metabolic pathways that cancer cells undergo to adapt to increased bioenergetic demand. An underlying source of these mutations is the aggregate product of damage to the DNA, and a defective repair pathway, both resulting in the expansion of genomic lesions prior to uncontrolled proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Exploitation of DNA damage and the subsequent DNA damage response (DDR) have aided in defining therapeutic approaches in cancer. Studies have demonstrated that targeting metabolic reprograming yields increased sensitivity to chemo- and radiotherapies. In the past decade, it has been shown that these two key features are interrelated. Metabolism impacts DNA damage and DDR via regulation of metabolite pools. Conversely, DDR affects the response of metabolic pathways to therapeutic agents. Because of the interplay between genomic instability and metabolic reprogramming, we have compiled findings which more selectively highlight the dialog between metabolism and DDR, with a particular focus on glucose metabolism and double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. Decoding this dialog will provide significant clues for developing combination cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojian Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Susan E Zimmerman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Urbain Weyemi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
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9
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D'Errico M, Parlanti E, Pascucci B, Filomeni G, Mastroberardino PG, Dogliotti E. The interplay between mitochondrial functionality and genome integrity in the prevention of human neurologic diseases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 710:108977. [PMID: 34174223 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As mitochondria are vulnerable to oxidative damage and represent the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), they are considered key tuners of ROS metabolism and buffering, whose dysfunction can progressively impact neuronal networks and disease. Defects in DNA repair and DNA damage response (DDR) may also affect neuronal health and lead to neuropathology. A number of congenital DNA repair and DDR defective syndromes, indeed, show neurological phenotypes, and a growing body of evidence indicate that defects in the mechanisms that control genome stability in neurons acts as aging-related modifiers of common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson's, Huntington diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. In this review we elaborate on the established principles and recent concepts supporting the hypothesis that deficiencies in either DNA repair or DDR might contribute to neurodegeneration via mechanisms involving mitochondrial dysfunction/deranged metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Parlanti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Redox Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; IFOM- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Patel J, Baptiste BA, Kim E, Hussain M, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. DNA damage and mitochondria in cancer and aging. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1625-1634. [PMID: 33146705 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and DNA repair deficiencies are strong risk factors for developing cancer. This is reflected in the comorbidity of cancer with premature aging diseases associated with DNA damage repair deficiencies. Recent research has suggested that DNA damage accumulation, telomere dysfunction and the accompanying mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbate the aging process and may increase the risk of cancer development. Thus, an area of interest in both cancer and aging research is the elucidation of the dynamic crosstalk between the nucleus and the mitochondria. In this review, we discuss current research on aging and cancer with specific focus on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer and aging as well as how nuclear to mitochondrial DNA damage signaling may be a driving factor in the increased cancer incidence with aging. We suggest that therapeutic interventions aimed at the induction of autophagy and mediation of nuclear to mitochondrial signaling may provide a mechanism for healthier aging and reduced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimin Patel
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mansoor Hussain
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Hussain M, Krishnamurthy S, Patel J, Kim E, Baptiste BA, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Skin Abnormalities in Disorders with DNA Repair Defects, Premature Aging, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:968-975. [PMID: 33353663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways and alterations of mitochondrial energy metabolism have been reported in multiple skin disorders. More than 10% of patients with primary mitochondrial dysfunction exhibit dermatological features including rashes and hair and pigmentation abnormalities. Accumulation of oxidative DNA damage and dysfunctional mitochondria affect cellular homeostasis leading to increased apoptosis. Emerging evidence demonstrates that genetic disorders of premature aging that alter DNA repair pathways and cause mitochondrial dysfunction, such as Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, Werner syndrome, and Cockayne syndrome, also exhibit skin disease. This article summarizes recent advances in the research pertaining to these syndromes and molecular mechanisms underlying their skin pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Hussain
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jaimin Patel
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Beverly A Baptiste
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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12
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Mori MP, Souza-Pinto NCD. PPRC1, but not PGC-1α, levels directly correlate with expression of mitochondrial proteins in human dermal fibroblasts. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190083. [PMID: 32639509 PMCID: PMC7341727 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The XPC protein, which is mutated in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) complementation group C (XP-C), is a lesion recognition factor in NER, but it has also been shown to interact with and stimulate DNA glycosylases, to act as transcriptional co-activator and on energy metabolism adaptation. We have previously demonstrated that XP-C cells show increased mitochondrial H2O2 production with a shift between respiratory complexes I and II, leading to sensitivity to mitochondrial stress. Here we report a marked decrease in expression of the transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, in XP-C cells. A transcriptional role for XPC in PGC-1α expression was discarded, as XPC knockdown did not downregulate PGC-1α expression and XPC-corrected cells still showed lower PGC-1α expression. DNA methylation alone did not explain PGC-1α silencing. In four different XP-C cell lines tested, reduction of PGC-1α expression was detected in three, all of them carrying the c.1643_1644delTG mutation (ΔTG) in XPC. Indeed, all cell lines carrying XPC ΔTG mutation, whether homozygous or heterozygous, presented decreased PGC-1α expression. However, this alteration in gene expression was not exclusive to XPC ΔTG cell lines, for other non-related cell lines also showed altered PGC-1α expression. Moreover, PGC1-α expression did not correlate with expression levels of TFAM and SDHA, known PGC-1α target-genes. In turn, PPRC1, another member of the PGC family of transcription co-activators controlling mitochondrial biogenesis, displayed a good correlation between its expression in 10 cell lines and TFAM and SDHA. Nonetheless, PGC-1α knockdown led to a slight decrease of its target-gene protein level, TFAM, and subsequently of a mtDNA-encoded gene, MT-CO2. These results indicate that PGC-1α and PPRC1 cooperate as regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and maintenance in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Prates Mori
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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13
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Lerner LK, Moreno NC, Rocha CRR, Munford V, Santos V, Soltys DT, Garcia CCM, Sarasin A, Menck CFM. XPD/ERCC2 mutations interfere in cellular responses to oxidative stress. Mutagenesis 2020; 34:341-354. [PMID: 31348825 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a conserved, flexible mechanism responsible for the removal of bulky, helix-distorting DNA lesions, like ultraviolet damage or cisplatin adducts, but its role in the repair of lesions generated by oxidative stress is still not clear. The helicase XPD/ERCC2, one of the two helicases of the transcription complex IIH, together with XPB, participates both in NER and in RNA pol II-driven transcription. In this work, we investigated the responses of distinct XPD-mutated cell lines to the oxidative stress generated by photoactivated methylene blue (MB) and KBrO3 treatments. The studied cells are derived from patients with XPD mutations but expressing different clinical phenotypes, including xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), XP and Cockayne syndrome (XP-D/CS) and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). We show by different approaches that all XPD-mutated cell lines tested were sensitive to oxidative stress, with those from TTD patients being the most sensitive. Host cell reactivation (HCR) assays showed that XP-D/CS and TTD cells have severely impaired repair capacity of oxidised lesions in plasmid DNA, and alkaline comet assays demonstrated the induction of significantly higher amounts of DNA strand breaks after treatment with photoactivated MB in these cells compared to wild-type cells. All XPD-mutated cells presented strong S/G2 arrest and persistent γ-H2AX staining after photoactivated MB treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that XPD participates in the repair of lesions induced by the redox process, and that XPD mutations lead to differences in the response to oxidatively induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia K Lerner
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália C Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa R R Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Munford
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela T Soltys
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila C M Garcia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Alain Sarasin
- CNRS-UMR8200, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Han Y, Qu YQ, Mok SWF, Chen J, Xia CL, He HQ, Li Z, Zhang W, Qiu CL, Liu L, Law BYK, Wong VKW. A Novel Drug Resistance Mechanism: Genetic Loss of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group C ( XPC) Enhances Glycolysis-Mediated Drug Resistance in DLD-1 Colon Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:912. [PMID: 31551763 PMCID: PMC6746939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and BAK are critical regulatory factors constituting the apoptosis machinery. Downregulated expression of BAX and BAK in human colorectal cancer lead to chemotherapeutic failure and poor survival rate in patients. In this study, isogenic DLD-1 colon cancer cells and the BAX and BAK double knockout counterpart were used as the cellular model to investigate the role of BAX/BAK-associated signaling network and the corresponding downstream effects in the development of drug resistance. Our data suggested that DLD-1 colon cancer cells with BAX/BAK double-knockout were selectively resistant to a panel of FDA-approved drugs (27 out of 66), including etoposide. PCR array analysis for the transcriptional profiling of genes related to human cancer drug resistance validated the altered level of 12 genes (3 upregulated and 9 downregulated) in DLD-1 colon cancer cells lack of BAX and BAK expression. Amongst these genes, XPC responsible for DNA repairment and cellular respiration demonstrated the highest tolerance towards etoposide treatment accompanying upregulated glycolysis as revealed by metabolic stress assay in DLD-1 colon cancer cells deficient with XPC. Collectively, our findings provide insight into the search of novel therapeutic strategies and pharmacological targets to against cancer drug resistance genetically associated with BAX, BAK, and XPC, for improving the therapy of colorectal cancer via the glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yuan Qing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Juan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Lai Xia
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Foshan Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Hu Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Cong Ling Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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15
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Minerval (2-hydroxyoleic acid) causes cancer cell selective toxicity by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation and compromising bioenergetic compensation capacity. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181661. [PMID: 30602451 PMCID: PMC6340956 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work tests bioenergetic and cell-biological implications of the synthetic fatty acid Minerval (2-hydroxyoleic acid), previously demonstrated to act by activation of sphingomyelin synthase in the plasma membrane (PM) and lowering of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and their carcinogenic signaling. We show here that Minerval also acts, selectively in cancer cell lines, as an ATP depleting uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). As a function of its exposure time, Minerval compromised the capacity of glioblastoma U87-MG cells to compensate for aberrant respiration by up-modulation of glycolysis. This effect was not exposure time-dependent in the lung carcinoma A549 cell line, which was more sensitive to Minerval. Compared with OxPhos inhibitors FCCP (uncoupler), rotenone (electron transfer inhibitor), and oligomycin (F1F0-ATPase inhibitor), Minerval action was similar only to that of FCCP. This similarity was manifested by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization, facilitation of oxygen consumption rate (OCR), restriction of mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial fragmentation. Additionally, compared with other OxPhos inhibitors, Minerval uniquely induced ER stress in cancer cell lines. These new modes of action for Minerval, capitalizing on the high fatty acid requirements of cancer cells, can potentially enhance its cancer-selective toxicity and improve its therapeutic capacity.
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16
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Pinheiro DML, de Oliveira AHS, Coutinho LG, Fontes FL, de Medeiros Oliveira RK, Oliveira TT, Faustino ALF, Lira da Silva V, de Melo Campos JTA, Lajus TBP, de Souza SJ, Agnez-Lima LF. Resveratrol decreases the expression of genes involved in inflammation through transcriptional regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:8-22. [PMID: 30366059 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress generated during inflammation is associated with a wide range of pathologies. Resveratrol (RESV) displays anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, being a candidate for the development of adjuvant therapies for several inflammatory diseases. Despite this potential, the cellular responses induced by RESV are not well known. In this work, transcriptomic analysis was performed following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of monocyte cultures in the presence of RESV. Induction of an inflammatory response was observed after LPS treatment and the addition of RESV led to decreases in expression of the inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), without cytotoxicity. RNA sequencing revealed 823 upregulated and 2098 downregulated genes (cutoff ≥2.0 or ≤-2.0) after RESV treatment. Gene ontology analysis showed that the upregulated genes were associated with metabolic processes and the cell cycle, consistent with normal cell growth and differentiation under an inflammatory stimulus. The downregulated genes were associated with inflammatory responses, gene expression, and protein modification. The prediction of master regulators using the iRegulon tool showed nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and GA-binding protein alpha subunit (GABPA) as the main regulators of the downregulated genes. Using immunoprecipitation and protein expression assays, we observed that RESV was able to decrease protein acetylation patterns, such as acetylated apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1), and increase histone methylation. In addition, reductions in p65 (nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunit) and lysine-specific histone demethylase-1 (LSD1) expression were observed. In conclusion, our data indicate that treatment with RESV caused significant changes in protein acetylation and methylation patterns, suggesting the induction of deacetylase and reduction of demethylase activities that mainly affect regulatory cascades mediated by NF-кB and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. NRF1 and GABPA seem to be the main regulators of the transcriptional profile observed after RESV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Helena Sales de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil; Chemistry Department, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leonam Gomes Coutinho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Rio Grande do Norte, IFRN, São Paulo do Potengi, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Lima Fontes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Teixeira Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - André Luís Fonseca Faustino
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), IMD, UFRN, Brazil
| | - Vandeclécio Lira da Silva
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), IMD, UFRN, Brazil
| | | | - Tirzah Braz Petta Lajus
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sandro José de Souza
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), IMD, UFRN, Brazil
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17
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Prates Mori M, de Souza-Pinto NC. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of DNA repair disorders. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:643-650. [PMID: 29271530 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA is constantly being damaged, either by endogenous or exogenous genotoxins. In that regard, DNA repair activities are essential for maintaining genomic stability and to life itself. Mutations in genes encoding DNA repair proteins cause severe human syndromes, but DNA repair defects have also been linked to several other diseases, notably to cancer and normal aging. Recently, new evidence has emerged indicating that some DNA repair diseases display mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction through mechanisms that are yet being uncovered. These results suggest that mitochondria play an import role in the DNA damage response pathways and that damage accumulation may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction via metabolic imbalance and mitophagy impairment. Here we review the recent findings linking mitochondrial impairment and cell death to DNA damage accumulation in the context of DNA repair defects. In addition, the general involvement of DNA damage in cellular dysfunction suggests that these phenomena may be also involved in other human pathologies in which mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disruption play causative roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Prates Mori
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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18
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Stepien KM, Heaton R, Rankin S, Murphy A, Bentley J, Sexton D, Hargreaves IP. Evidence of Oxidative Stress and Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic and Non-Metabolic Disorders. J Clin Med 2017; 6:E71. [PMID: 28753922 PMCID: PMC5532579 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6070071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases and conditions. Oxidative stress occurs once the antioxidant defenses of the body become overwhelmed and are no longer able to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS can then go unchallenged and are able to cause oxidative damage to cellular lipids, DNA and proteins, which will eventually result in cellular and organ dysfunction. Although not always the primary cause of disease, mitochondrial dysfunction as a secondary consequence disease of pathophysiology can result in increased ROS generation together with an impairment in cellular energy status. Mitochondrial dysfunction may result from either free radical-induced oxidative damage or direct impairment by the toxic metabolites which accumulate in certain metabolic diseases. In view of the importance of cellular antioxidant status, a number of therapeutic strategies have been employed in disorders associated with oxidative stress with a view to neutralising the ROS and reactive nitrogen species implicated in disease pathophysiology. Although successful in some cases, these adjunct therapies have yet to be incorporated into the clinical management of patients. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging evidence of oxidative stress, secondary mitochondrial dysfunction and antioxidant treatment efficacy in metabolic and non-metabolic diseases in which there is a current interest in these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M Stepien
- The Mark Holland Metabolic Unit Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK.
| | - Robert Heaton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Scott Rankin
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Alex Murphy
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - James Bentley
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Darren Sexton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
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