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Al-Hajj S, Lemoine R, Chadet S, Goumard A, Legay L, Roxburgh E, Heraud A, Deluce N, Lamendour L, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Gatault P, Büchler M, Roger S, Halimi JM, Baron C. High extracellular sodium chloride concentrations induce resistance to LPS signal in human dendritic cells. Cell Immunol 2023; 384:104658. [PMID: 36566700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence showed that in response to elevated sodium dietary intakes, many body tissues retain Na+ ions for long periods of time and can reach concentrations up to 200 mM. This could modulate the immune system and be responsible for several diseases. However, studies brought contrasted results and the effects of external sodium on human dendritic cell (DC) responses to danger signals remain largely unknown. Considering their central role in triggering T cell response, we tested how NaCl-enriched medium influences human DCs properties. We found that DCs submitted to high extracellular Na+ concentrations up to 200 mM remain viable and maintain the expression of specific DC markers, however, their maturation, chemotaxis toward CCL19, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS in response to LPS were also partially inhibited. In line with these results, the T-cell allostimulatory capacity of DCs was also inhibited. Finally, our data indicate that high NaCl concentrations triggered the phosphorylation of SGK1 and ERK1/2 kinases. These results raised the possibility that the previously reported pro-inflammatory effects of high NaCl concentrations on T cells might be counterbalanced by a downregulation of DC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Al-Hajj
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Roxane Lemoine
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stéphanie Chadet
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Annabelle Goumard
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laura Legay
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Ellena Roxburgh
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Audrey Heraud
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nora Deluce
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lucille Lamendour
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- U1259 Morphogenesis and Antigenicity of HIV and Hepatitis virus (MAVIVH), University of Tours, Tours, France; IBISA Facility of Electronic Microscopy, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Gatault
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Mathias Büchler
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Halimi
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Baron
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
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Li X, Alu A, Wei Y, Wei X, Luo M. The modulatory effect of high salt on immune cells and related diseases. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13250. [PMID: 35747936 PMCID: PMC9436908 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse effect of excessive salt intake has been recognized in decades. Researchers have mainly focused on the association between salt intake and hypertension. However, studies in recent years have proposed the existence of extra-renal sodium storage and provided insight into the immunomodulatory function of sodium. OBJECTIVES In this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of high salt on various innate and adaptive immune cells and immune-regulated diseases. METHODS We identified papers through electronic searches of PubMed database from inception to March 2022. RESULTS An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that high salt can modulate the differentiation, activation and function of multiple immune cells. Furthermore, a high-salt diet can increase tissue sodium concentrations and influence the immune responses in microenvironments, thereby affecting the development of immune-regulated diseases, including hypertension, multiple sclerosis, cancer and infections. These findings provide a novel mechanism for the pathology of certain diseases and indicate that salt might serve as a target or potential therapeutic agent in different disease contexts. CONCLUSION High salt has a profound impact on the differentiation, activation and function of multiple immune cells. Additionally, an HSD can modulate the development of various immune-regulated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aqu Alu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Dabrowski W, Siwicka-Gieroba D, Robba C, Bielacz M, Sołek-Pastuszka J, Kotfis K, Bohatyrewicz R, Jaroszyński A, Malbrain MLNG, Badenes R. Potentially Detrimental Effects of Hyperosmolality in Patients Treated for Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4141. [PMID: 34575255 PMCID: PMC8467376 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmotic therapy is commonly used to treat intracranial hypertension in traumatic brain injury patients. Unfortunately, hyperosmolality also affects other organs. An increase in plasma osmolality may impair kidney, cardiac, and immune function, and increase blood-brain barrier permeability. These effects are related not only to the type of hyperosmotic agents, but also to the level of hyperosmolality. The commonly recommended osmolality of 320 mOsm/kg H2O seems to be the maximum level, although an increase in plasma osmolality above 310 mOsm/kg H2O may already induce cardiac and immune system disorders. The present review focuses on the adverse effects of hyperosmolality on the function of various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Dabrowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Chiara Robba
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy;
| | - Magdalena Bielacz
- Institute of Tourism and Recreation, State Vocational College of Szymon Szymonowicz, 22-400 Zamosc, Poland;
| | - Joanna Sołek-Pastuszka
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (J.S.-P.); (R.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Romuald Bohatyrewicz
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (J.S.-P.); (R.B.)
| | - Andrzej Jaroszyński
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medical Science, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-736 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Manu L. N. G. Malbrain
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
- International Fluid Academy, Dreef 3, 3360 Lovenjoel, Belgium
- Medical Department, AZ Jan Palfjin Hospital, Watersportlaan 5, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Rafael Badenes
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Clìnico Universitario de Valencia, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Jobin K, Müller DN, Jantsch J, Kurts C. Sodium and its manifold impact on our immune system. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:469-479. [PMID: 33962888 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Western diet is rich in salt, and a high salt diet (HSD) is suspected to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is now widely accepted that an experimental HSD can stimulate components of the immune system, potentially exacerbating certain autoimmune diseases, or alternatively, improving defenses against certain infections, such as cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, recent findings show that an experimental HSD may also aggravate other infections (e.g., pyelonephritis or systemic listeriosis). Here, we discuss the modulatory effects of a HSD on the microbiota, metabolic signaling, hormonal responses, local sodium concentrations, and their effects on various immune cell types in different tissues. We describe how these factors are integrated, resulting either in immune stimulation or suppression in various tissues and disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jobin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max-Planck Research Group, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Senthil K, Jiao H, Downie LE, Chinnery HR. Altered Corneal Epithelial Dendritic Cell Morphology and Phenotype Following Acute Exposure to Hyperosmolar Saline. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 62:38. [PMID: 33625479 PMCID: PMC7910639 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological and phenotypic responses of corneal epithelial dendritic cells (DCs) to acute topical hyperosmolar stress, given a pathogenic role for tear hyperosmolarity in dry eye disease (DED). Methods C57BL/6J mice were anesthetized and received 350 mOsm/L (physiological; n = 5 mice), 450 mOsm/L (n = 6), or 600 mOsm/L (n = 6) saline on a randomly assigned eye. Corneas were harvested 2 hours later. Immunofluorescent staining was performed using CD45, CD86, and CD68 antibodies to investigate DC morphology (density, viability, field area, circularity, and dendritic complexity) and immunological phenotype. Flow cytometry was used to confirm CD86 and CD68 expression in CD11c+ DCs, using C57BL/6J mice that received topical applications of 350 mOsm/L, 450 mOsm/L, or 600 mOsm/L (n = 5 per group) bilaterally for 2 hours. Results Following exposure to 450 mOsm/L topical saline for 2 hours, DCs in the central and peripheral cornea were larger (field area: Pcentral = 0.005, Pperipheral = 0.037; circularity: Pcentral = 0.026, and Pperipheral = 0.013) and had higher expression of CD86 compared with 350 mOsm/L controls (immunofluorescence: P < 0.0001; flow cytometry: P = 0.0058). After application of 600 mOsm/L saline, DC morphology was unchanged, although the percentage of fragmented DCs, and phenotypic expression of CD86 (immunofluorescence: P < 0.0001; and flow cytometry: P = 0.003) and CD68 (immunofluorescence: P = 0.024) were higher compared to 350 mOsm/L controls. Conclusions Short-term exposure to mild hyperosmolar saline (450 mOsm/L) induced morphological and phenotypic maturation in corneal epithelial DCs. More severe hyperosmolar insult (600 mOsm/L) for 2 hours appeared toxic to these cells. These data suggest that hyperosmolar conditions activate corneal DCs, which may have implications for understanding DC activation in DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthana Senthil
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haihan Jiao
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura E. Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holly R. Chinnery
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Cancer Acidity and Hypertonicity Contribute to Dysfunction of Tumor-Associated Dendritic Cells: Potential Impact on Antigen Cross-Presentation Machinery. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092403. [PMID: 32847079 PMCID: PMC7565485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) and dendritic cells (DC), major players of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MoPh), are potent antigen presenting cells that steadily sense and respond to signals from the surrounding microenvironment, leading to either immunogenic or tolerogenic outcomes. Next to classical MHC-I/MHC-II antigen-presentation pathways described in the vast majority of cell types, a subset of MoPh (CD8+, XCR1+, CLEC9A+, BDCA3+ conventional DCs in human) is endowed with a high competence to cross-present external (engulfed) antigens on MHC-I molecules to CD8+ T-cells. This exceptional DC function is thought to be a crucial crossroad in cytotoxic antitumor immunity and has been extensively studied in the past decades. Biophysical and biochemical fingerprints of tumor micromilieus show significant spatiotemporal differences in comparison to non-neoplastic tissue. In tumors, low pH (mainly due to extracellular lactate accumulation via the Warburg effect and via glutaminolysis) and high oncotic and osmotic pressure (resulting from tumor debris, increased extracellular matrix components but in part also triggered by nutritive aspects) are—despite fluctuations and difficulties in measurement—likely the most constant general hallmarks of tumor microenvironment. Here, we focus on the influence of acidic and hypertonic micromilieu on the capacity of DCs to cross-present tumor-specific antigens. We discuss complex and in part controversial scientific data on the interference of these factors with to date reported mechanisms of antigen uptake, processing and cross-presentation, and we highlight their potential role in cancer immune escape and poor clinical response to DC vaccines.
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Kidney dendritic cells: fundamental biology and functional roles in health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:391-407. [PMID: 32372062 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are chief inducers of adaptive immunity and regulate local inflammatory responses across the body. Together with macrophages, the other main type of mononuclear phagocyte, DCs constitute the most abundant component of the intrarenal immune system. This network of functionally specialized immune cells constantly surveys its microenvironment for signs of injury or infection, which trigger the initiation of an immune response. In the healthy kidney, DCs coordinate effective immune responses, for example, by recruiting neutrophils for bacterial clearance in pyelonephritis. The pro-inflammatory actions of DCs can, however, also contribute to tissue damage in various types of acute kidney injury and chronic glomerulonephritis, as DCs recruit and activate effector T cells, which release toxic mediators and maintain tubulointerstitial immune infiltrates. These actions are counterbalanced by DC subsets that promote the activation and maintenance of regulatory T cells to support resolution of the immune response and allow kidney repair. Several studies have investigated the multiple roles for DCs in kidney homeostasis and disease, but it has become clear that current tools and subset markers are not sufficient to accurately distinguish DCs from macrophages. Multidimensional transcriptomic analysis studies promise to improve mononuclear phagocyte classification and provide a clearer view of DC ontogeny and subsets.
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[About salt and immunity-a story of Mr. Hyde : The influence of hyperosmolar microenvironment on immune response]. DER PATHOLOGE 2019; 40:259-264. [PMID: 31720747 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-019-00700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperosmolar micromilieu has been observed in physiologic (kidney medulla, lymphatic tissue) and pathologic (renal allorejection, solid tumors) conditions. Hyperosmolarity can modulate gene expression and alter the stimulatory profile of macrophages and dendritic cells. We have reported that dendritic cells upon exposure to hypertonic stimuli shift their profile towards a macrophage-M2-like phenotype, resulting in attenuated local alloreactivity during acute kidney graft rejection. Moreover, we showed that a hyperosmotic microenvironment affects the cross-priming capacity of dendritic cells. Using ovalbumin as a model antigen, we showed that exposure of dendritic cells to hyperosmolarity strongly inhibits activation of antigen-specific T cells despite enhancement of antigen uptake, processing, and presentation; it can reduce dendritic cell-T cell contact time. We have identified TRIF as key mediator of this phenomenon. Moreover, we detected a hyperosmolarity-triggered, TRIF-dependent clustering of MHC class I‑antigen complexes, but not of unloaded MHCI molecules, providing a possible explanation for a reduced T cell activation. Our findings identify dendritic cells as important players in hyperosmolarity-triggered immune imbalance and suggest that targeting local hyperosmolarity in tumor micromilieu may contribute to an enhanced specific anti-tumor immune response.
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Neubert P, Weichselbaum A, Reitinger C, Schatz V, Schröder A, Ferdinand JR, Simon M, Bär AL, Brochhausen C, Gerlach RG, Tomiuk S, Hammer K, Wagner S, van Zandbergen G, Binger KJ, Müller DN, Kitada K, Clatworthy MR, Kurts C, Titze J, Abdullah Z, Jantsch J. HIF1A and NFAT5 coordinate Na +-boosted antibacterial defense via enhanced autophagy and autolysosomal targeting. Autophagy 2019; 15:1899-1916. [PMID: 30982460 PMCID: PMC6844503 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation are able to induce diet-independent Na+-accumulation without commensurate water retention in afflicted tissues, which favors the pro-inflammatory activation of mouse macrophages and augments their antibacterial and antiparasitic activity. While Na+-boosted host defense against the protozoan parasite Leishmania major is mediated by increased expression of the leishmanicidal NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible), the molecular mechanisms underpinning this enhanced antibacterial defense of mouse macrophages with high Na+ (HS) exposure are unknown. Here, we provide evidence that HS-increased antibacterial activity against E. coli was neither dependent on NOS2 nor on the phagocyte oxidase. In contrast, HS-augmented antibacterial defense hinged on HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit)-dependent increased autophagy, and NFAT5 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 5)-dependent targeting of intracellular E. coli to acidic autolysosomal compartments. Overall, these findings suggest that the autolysosomal compartment is a novel target of Na+-modulated cell autonomous innate immunity. Abbreviations: ACT: actins; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG2A: autophagy related 2A; ATG4C: autophagy related 4C, cysteine peptidase; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG12: autophagy related 12; BECN1: beclin 1; BMDM: bone marrow-derived macrophages; BNIP3: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3; CFU: colony forming units; CM-H2DCFDA: 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester; CTSB: cathepsin B; CYBB: cytochrome b-245 beta chain; DAPI: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMOG: dimethyloxallyl glycine; DPI: diphenyleneiodonium chloride; E. coli: Escherichia coli; FDR: false discovery rate; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; GO: gene ontology; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit; HUGO: human genome organization; HS: high salt (+ 40 mM of NaCl to standard cell culture conditions); HSP90: heat shock 90 kDa proteins; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; Lyz2/LysM: lysozyme 2; NFAT5/TonEBP: nuclear factor of activated T cells 5; MΦ: macrophages; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NaCl: sodium chloride; NES: normalized enrichment score; n.s.: not significant; NO: nitric oxide; NOS2/iNOS: nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible; NS: normal salt; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PGK1: phosphoglycerate kinase 1; PHOX: phagocyte oxidase; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RNA: ribonucleic acid; ROS: reactive oxygen species; sCFP3A: super cyan fluorescent protein 3A; SBFI: sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate; SLC2A1/GLUT1: solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; v-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-ATPase; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Weichselbaum
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Reitinger
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Institute of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - John R. Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michaela Simon
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lorena Bär
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Karin Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Katrina J. Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dominik N. Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kento Kitada
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Titze
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Zeinab Abdullah
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Batchu SN, Dugbartey GJ, Wadosky KM, Mickelsen DM, Ko KA, Wood RW, Zhao Y, Yang X, Fowell DJ, Korshunov VA. Innate Immune Cells Are Regulated by Axl in Hypertensive Kidney. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 188:1794-1806. [PMID: 30033030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The balance between adaptive and innate immunity in kidney damage in salt-dependent hypertension is unclear. We investigated early renal dysfunction and the influence of Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase, on innate immune response in hypertensive kidney in mice with lymphocyte deficiency (Rag1-/-). The data suggest that increased presence of CD11b+ myeloid cells in the medulla might explain intensified salt and water retention as well as initial hypertensive response in Rag1-/- mice. Global deletion of Axl on Rag1-/- background reversed kidney dysfunction and accumulation of myeloid cells in the kidney medulla. Chimeric mice that lack Axl in innate immune cells (in the absence of lymphocytes) significantly improved kidney function and abolished early hypertensive response. The bioinformatics analyses of Axl-related gene-gene interaction networks established tissue-specific variation in regulatory pathways. It was confirmed that complement C3 is important for Axl-mediated interactions between myeloid and vascular cells in hypertensive kidney. In summary, innate immunity is crucial for renal dysfunction in early hypertension, and is highly influenced by the presence of Axl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri N Batchu
- Department of Medicine and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - George J Dugbartey
- Department of Medicine and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Kristine M Wadosky
- Department of Medicine and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Deanne M Mickelsen
- Department of Medicine and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Kyung A Ko
- Department of Medicine and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Ronald W Wood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deborah J Fowell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Vyacheslav A Korshunov
- Department of Medicine and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
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Neubert P, Schröder A, Müller DN, Jantsch J. Interplay of Na + Balance and Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:599. [PMID: 30984179 PMCID: PMC6449459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Local Na+ balance emerges as an important factor of tissue microenvironment. On the one hand, immune cells impact on local Na+ levels. On the other hand, Na+ availability is able to influence immune responses. In contrast to macrophages, our knowledge of dendritic cells (DCs) in this state of affair is rather limited. Current evidence suggests that the impact of increased Na+ on DCs is context dependent. Moreover, it is conceivable that DC immunobiology might also be influenced by Na+-rich-diet-induced changes of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C. Regulation of Inflammatory Functions of Macrophages and T Lymphocytes by NFAT5. Front Immunol 2019; 10:535. [PMID: 30949179 PMCID: PMC6435587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NFAT5, also known as TonEBP, belongs to the family of Rel homology domain-containing factors, which comprises the NF-κB proteins and the calcineurin-dependent NFAT1 to NFAT4. NFAT5 shares several structural and functional features with other Rel-family factors, for instance it recognizes DNA elements with the same core sequence as those bound by NFAT1 to 4, and like NF-κB it responds to Toll-like receptors (TLR) and activates macrophage responses to microbial products. On the other hand, NFAT5 is quite unique among Rel-family factors as it can be activated by hyperosmotic stress caused by elevated concentrations of extracellular sodium ions. NFAT5 regulates specific genes but also others that are inducible by NF-κB and NFAT1 to 4. The ability of NFAT5 to do so in response to hypertonicity, microbial products, and inflammatory stimuli may extend the capabilities of immune cells to mount effective anti-pathogen responses in diverse microenvironment and signaling conditions. Recent studies identifying osmostress-dependent and -independent functions of NFAT5 have broadened our understanding of how NFAT5 may modulate immune function. In this review we focus on the role of NFAT5 in macrophages and T cells in different contexts, discussing findings from in vivo mouse models of NFAT5 deficiency and reviewing current knowledge on its mechanisms of regulation. Finally, we propose several questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
The link between inappropriate salt retention in the kidney and hypertension is well recognized. However, growing evidence suggests that the immune system can play surprising roles in sodium homeostasis, such that the study of inflammatory cells and their secreted effectors has provided important insights into salt sensitivity. As part of the innate immune system, myeloid cells have diverse roles in blood pressure regulation, ranging from prohypertensive actions in the kidney, vasculature, and brain, to effects in the skin that attenuate blood pressure elevation. In parallel, T lymphocyte subsets, as key constituents of the adaptive immune compartment, have variable effects on renal sodium handling and the hypertensive response, accruing from the functions of the cytokines that they produce. Conversely, salt can directly modulate the phenotypes of myeloid and T cells, illustrating bidirectional regulatory mechanisms through which sodium and the immune system coordinately impact blood pressure. This review details the complex interplay between myeloid cells, T cells, and salt in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Justin Rucker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; .,Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Nathan P Rudemiller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; .,Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; .,Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
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