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Yu H, Xue Z, Wang Y, Yan C, Chen L, Mu T. Enabling Efficient Dissolution and Fractionation of Lignin by Renewable and Adjustable Dimethyl Isosorbide-Based Solvent Systems. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Hong S, Li HY, Shen XJ, Sun SN, Sun Z, Yuan TQ. Unveiling the Migration and Transformation Mechanism of Lignin in Eucalyptus During Deep Eutectic Solvent Pretreatment. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200553. [PMID: 35593890 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have unique advantages in biomass conversion. However, the migration and transformation mechanism of lignin in the cell wall during the DES pretreatment is still elusive. In this work, Eucalyptus blocks were pretreated in choline chloride/lactic acid DES to reveal the lignin migration. Meanwhile, the remaining lignin in the pretreated residue, the regenerated DES lignin, and the solubilized degraded lignin in the recovered DES were investigated to decipher the lignin transformation. Results showed that the DES pretreatment resulted in the penetration of DES from the cell lumen to the cell wall, and lignin in the secondary wall was more easily dissolved than that in the cell corner middle lamella. The syringyl unit of lignin was better stabilized in the DES than the guaiacyl unit of lignin. The condensed lignin fraction mainly remained in the pretreated residue, while the solubilized degraded lignin fraction was monomeric aromatic ketone compounds. This study elucidates the fate of lignin during the DES pretreatment, which could also promote the development of a modern lignocellulosic pretreatment technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Han-Yin Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Agricultural Road No. 63, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Ni Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhuohua Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Qi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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3
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Zhao ZM, Meng X, Scheidemantle B, Pu Y, Liu ZH, Li BZ, Wyman CE, Cai CM, Ragauskas AJ. Cosolvent enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation tailoring lignin chemistry and enhancing lignin bioconversion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126367. [PMID: 34801717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cosolvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation (CELF) is an emerging solvolysis pretreatment to fractionate lignocellulosic biomass. Herein, the bioconversion performance of CELF lignin was fully evaluated for the first time. Results showed that CELF lignin possessed higher content of carboxylic acid OH, lower molecular weight, and disappeared β-O-4 and β-5 linkages compared to other two technical lignins including a conventional ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) and a kraft lignin (KL). Rhodococcus opacus PD630 cell count from CELF lignin fermentation reached the highest value of 3.9 × 107 CFU/mL, representing a 62.5% and 77.3% improvement over EOL and KL, respectively. Correspondingly, lipid yield reached 143 mg/L from CELF lignin, which was 36.2% and 26.5% higher than from EOL and KL, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that more carboxylic acid groups and lower molecular weight contributed to the enhanced bioconversion performance of CELF lignin. This study demonstrates that CELF lignin is a promising candidate for bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Wastes Reuse, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Brent Scheidemantle
- Bourns College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Charles E Wyman
- Bourns College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Charles M Cai
- Bourns College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States.
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4
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Meng X, Yoo CG, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ. Opportunities and challenges for flow-through hydrothermal pretreatment in advanced biorefineries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126061. [PMID: 34597806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) using only water offers great potential to reduce the overall cost of the bioconversion process. However, traditional HTP performed in a batch has limitations in removing lignin and often needs to be performed under severe conditions to achieve reasonable pretreatment effects. Lignin left in the pretreated residue at these conditions is also highly condensed, thus possessing an even more adverse impact on the hydrolysis process, which requires high enzyme loadings. To address these technical challenges, HTP performed in a flow-through configuration was developed to simultaneously achieve near-complete hemicellulose recovery, high lignin removal and high sugar release. Despite facing challenges such as potentially large water usage, flow-through HTP still represents one of the most cost-effective and eco-friendly pretreatment methods. This review mainly covers the latest cutting-edge innovations of flow-through HTP along with structural and compositional changes of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin before and after pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center of Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA.
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5
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Liu ZC, Wang ZW, Gao S, Tong YX, Le X, Hu NW, Yan QS, Zhou XG, He YR, Wang L. Isolation and Fractionation of the Tobacco Stalk Lignin for Customized Value-Added Utilization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:811287. [PMID: 34938726 PMCID: PMC8685371 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.811287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The value-added utilization of tobacco stalk lignin is the key to the development of tobacco stalk resources. However, the serious heterogeneity is the bottleneck for making full use of tobacco stalk lignin. Based on this, lignin was separated from tobacco stalk through hydrothermal assisted dilute alkali pretreatment. Subsequently, the tobacco stalk alkaline lignin was fractionated into five uniform lignin components by sequential solvent fractionation. Advanced spectral technologies (FT-IR, NMR, and GPC) were used to reveal the effects of hydrothermal assisted dilute alkali pretreatment and solvent fractionation on the structural features of tobacco stalk lignin. The lignin fractions extracted with n-butanol and ethanol had low molecular weight and high phenolic hydroxyl content, thus exhibiting superior chemical reactivity and antioxidant capacity. By contrast, the lignin fraction extracted with dioxane had high molecular weight and low reactivity, nevertheless, the high residual carbon rate made it suitable as a precursor for preparing carbon materials. In general, hydrothermal assisted dilute alkali pretreatment was proved to be an efficient method to separate lignin from tobacco stalk, and the application of sequential solvent fractionation to prepare lignin fractions with homogeneous structural features has specific application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chang Liu
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi Wei Wang
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Gao
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xing Tong
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Le
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Wu Hu
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Shan Yan
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Gang Zhou
- China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Xinye Reconstituted Tobacco Development Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,Applied Technology Research of Reconstituted Tobacco Hubei Province Key Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Rong He
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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6
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Qian J, Zhao F, Gao J, Qu L, He Z, Yi S. Characterization of the structural and dynamic changes of cell wall obtained by ultrasound-water and ultrasound-alkali treatments. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 77:105672. [PMID: 34330083 PMCID: PMC8339218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that ultrasound has been studied for its cavitation, mechanical and thermal effects. As a pretreatment technology, ultrasonic alkali treatment has attracted much attention in the field of biomass biochemical transformation. In this study, the structural and dynamic changes of wood cell walls during ultrasound-water, alkali, and ultrasound-alkali treatments were investigated by stereoscopic microscopy, confocal Raman microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the ultrasound-water, alkali, and ultrasound-alkali treatments had the effect of removing extractives from conduits. The uniform self-shrinking samples with shrinkage conduits were obtained by the alkali and ultrasound-alkali treatments. All of the treatments affected the relative content, structure and distribution of the chemical components in the wood cell walls. Compared with water-immersion samples, the relative content of hemicellulose of the treated samples reduced from 32.31% to 7.02% for ultrasound-8% NaOH treated samples. For the signal intensity of lignin, ultrasound-water treated and ultrasound-alkali treated samples displayed a more significant reductions than the alkali treated samples in the cell wall region. The crystal zone and amorphous zone of cellulose coexisted before and after the treatment, for all of the treated samples, and particularly for the ultrasound-assisted treated samples, the crystallinity increased from 38.15% for water-immersion samples to 57.42% for ultrasound-8% NaOH treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fengbin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - LiJie Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhengbin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Songlin Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District, Beijing, PR China.
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7
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Lancha JP, Perré P, Colin J, Lv P, Ruscassier N, Almeida G. Multiscale investigation on the chemical and anatomical changes of lignocellulosic biomass for different severities of hydrothermal treatment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8444. [PMID: 33875731 PMCID: PMC8055998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical changes sustained by lignocellulosic biomass during hydrothermal treatment are reflected at multiple scales. This study proposes to benefit from this multiscale nature in order to provide a global understanding of biomass alterations during hydrothermal treatment. For this purpose, complementary imaging techniques-confocal Raman microscopy and X-ray nano-tomography-analysed by image processing and coupled to chemical measurements were used. This unique combination of analyses provided valuable information on topochemical and morphological changes of poplar samples, without the artefacts of sample preparation. At the cell wall level, holocellulose hydrolysis and lignin modifications were observed, which corresponded to anatomical modifications observed at higher scales. Overall, after treatment, samples shrank and had thinner cell walls. When subjected to more severe pre-treatments, cells were disrupted and detached from adjacent cells. Anatomical changes were then used to obtain quantitative indicators of the treatment severity. The effects of treatment at different scales can thus be quantitatively connected in both directions, from micro to macro and from macro to micro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P. Lancha
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université Paris-Saclay, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Patrick Perré
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université Paris-Saclay, 51110 Pomacle, France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Université Paris-Saclay, 8-10 rue Joliot-Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Colin
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université Paris-Saclay, 51110 Pomacle, France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Université Paris-Saclay, 8-10 rue Joliot-Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pin Lv
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Université Paris-Saclay, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Nathalie Ruscassier
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Université Paris-Saclay, 8-10 rue Joliot-Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Giana Almeida
- grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, Université Paris-Saclay, 91300 Massy, France
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Wang WY, Qin Z, Liu HM, Wang XD, Gao JH, Qin GY. Structural Changes in Milled Wood Lignin (MWL) of Chinese Quince ( Chaenomeles sinensis) Fruit Subjected to Subcritical Water Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:E398. [PMID: 33451119 PMCID: PMC7828612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcritical water treatment has received considerable attention due to its cost effectiveness and environmentally friendly properties. In this investigation, Chinese quince fruits were submitted to subcritical water treatment (130, 150, and 170 °C), and the influence of treatments on the structure of milled wood lignin (MWL) was evaluated. Structural properties of these lignin samples (UL, L130, L150, and L170) were investigated by high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), TGA, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), 2D-Heteronculear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) -NMR, and 31P-NMR. The carbohydrate analysis showed that xylose in the samples increased significantly with higher temperature, and according to molecular weight and thermal analysis, the MWLs of the pretreated residues have higher thermal stability with increased molecular weight. The spectra of 2D-NMR and 31P-NMR demonstrated that the chemical linkages in the MWLs were mainly β-O-4' ether bonds, β-5' and β-β', and the units were principally G- S- H- type with small amounts of ferulic acids; these results are consistent with the results of Py-GC/MS analysis. It is believed that understanding the structural changes in MWL caused by subcritical water treatment will contribute to understanding the mechanism of subcritical water extraction, which in turn will provide a theoretical basis for developing the technology of subcritical water extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Q.); (X.-D.W.); (J.-H.G.)
| | - Zhao Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Q.); (X.-D.W.); (J.-H.G.)
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Q.); (X.-D.W.); (J.-H.G.)
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Q.); (X.-D.W.); (J.-H.G.)
| | - Jing-Hao Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Z.Q.); (X.-D.W.); (J.-H.G.)
| | - Guang-Yong Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
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Li XY, Li MF. Discrepancy of lignin dissolution from eucalyptus during formic acid fractionation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:4662-4670. [PMID: 32941904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structure and properties of lignin has important practical significance for its further applications. In this case, eucalyptus was fractionated with 88% formic acid at 101 °C for different durations, and the removal efficiency as well as the chemical structure of lignin at various stages were comparatively analyzed. The obtained data indicated that with increasing reaction time, lignin was continuously removed and the process could be divided into three stages. The lignin dissolution rate was fast first and then slow, and the molecular weight of the dissolved lignin increased with time. The lignin structure was condensed and the molecular weight increased with prolonged of reaction time. Structural analysis indicated that the β-O-4' structure was largely destroyed, the G-type lignin dissolved early, and the degradation of the S-type lignin became more intensive with increasing reaction time. This is of great help for reaction control as well as the further processing of lignin byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Chemical & Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States.
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10
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de Araújo Padilha CE, da Costa Nogueira C, Oliveira Filho MA, de Santana Souza DF, de Oliveira JA, dos Santos ES. Valorization of cashew apple bagasse using acetic acid pretreatment: Production of cellulosic ethanol and lignin for their use as sunscreen ingredients. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Hydrothermal Depolymerization of Biorefinery Lignin-Rich Streams: Influence of Reaction Conditions and Catalytic Additives on the Organic Monomers Yields in Biocrude and Aqueous Phase. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13051241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal depolymerization of lignin-rich streams (LRS) from lignocellulosic ethanol was successfully carried out in a lab-scale batch reactors unit. A partial depolymerization into oligomers and monomers was achieved using subcritical water as reaction medium. The influence of temperature (300–350–370 °C) and time (5–10 minutes) was investigated to identify the optimal condition on the monomers yields in the lighter biocrude (BC1) and aqueous phase (AP) fractions, focusing on specific phenolic classes as well as carboxylic acids and alcohols. The effect of base catalyzed reactions (2–4 wt. % of KOH) was compared to the control tests as well as to acid-catalyzed reactions obtained with a biphasic medium of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) and subcritical water. KOH addition resulted in enhanced overall depolymerization without showing a strong influence on the phenolic generation, whereas sCO2 demonstrated higher phenolic selectivity even though no effect was observed on the overall products mass yields. In conclusion, a comparison between two different biocrude collection procedures was carried out in order to understand how the selected chemical extraction mode influences the distribution of compounds between BC1 and AP.
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12
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Li X, Sha J, Xia Y, Sheng K, Liu Y, He Y. Quantitative visualization of subcellular lignocellulose revealing the mechanism of alkali pretreatment to promote methane production of rice straw. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:8. [PMID: 31988660 PMCID: PMC6966900 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a renewable carbon source, biomass energy not only helps in resolving the management problems of lignocellulosic wastes, but also helps to alleviate the global climate change by controlling environmental pollution raised by their generation on a large scale. However, the bottleneck problem of extensive production of biofuels lies in the filamentous crystal structure of cellulose and the embedded connection with lignin in biomass that leads to poor accessibility, weak degradation and digestion by microorganisms. Some pretreatment methods have shown significant improvement of methane yield and production rate, but the promotion mechanism has not been thoroughly studied. Revealing the temporal and spatial effects of pretreatment on lignocellulose will greatly help deepen our understanding of the optimization mechanism of pretreatment, and promote efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Here, we propose an approach for qualitative, quantitative, and location analysis of subcellular lignocellulosic changes induced by alkali treatment based on label-free Raman microspectroscopy combined with chemometrics. RESULTS Firstly, the variations of rice straw induced by alkali treatment were characterized by the Raman spectra, and the Raman fingerprint characteristics for classification of rice straw were captured. Then, a label-free Raman chemical imaging strategy was executed to obtain subcellular distribution of the lignocellulose, in the strategy a serious interference of plant tissues' fluorescence background was effectively removed. Finally, the effects of alkali pretreatment on the subcellular spatial distribution of lignocellulose in different types of cells were discovered. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated the mechanism of alkali treatment that promotes methane production in rice straw through anaerobic digestion by means of a systemic study of the evidence from the macroscopic measurement and Raman microscopic quantitative and localization two-angle views. Raman chemical imaging combined with chemometrics could nondestructively realize qualitative, quantitative, and location analysis of the lignocellulose of rice straw at a subcellular level in a label-free way, which was beneficial to optimize pretreatment for the improvement of biomass conversion efficiency and promote extensive utilization of biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Junjing Sha
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yihua Xia
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Kuichuan Sheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yufei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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13
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Yang H, Yoo CG, Meng X, Pu Y, Muchero W, Tuskan GA, Tschaplinski TJ, Ragauskas AJ, Yao L. Structural changes of lignins in natural Populus variants during different pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122240. [PMID: 31639629 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, three leading pretreatment technologies including dilute acid (DA), liquid hot water (LHW), and organosolv pretreatments (OS) were applied on two Populus natural variants with different recalcitrance. The structural features of the isolated lignins were analyzed accordingly. All the studied pretreatments reduced the molecular weights of the lignins. Aliphatic OH was reduced while phenolic OH was increased in all pretreated lignins. HSQC analysis revealed that pretreatment influenced the lignin composition and relative distribution of inter-unit linkages. The lignin S/G ratio was found to increase during DA pretreatment, while it was decreased after LHW and OS pretreatment. LHW pretreatment also resulted in much less cleavage of β-O-4 linkage than the other two pretreatments. These results could offer guidelines on appropriate selection of biomass and pretreatment technology in the future biorefinery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation & BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation & BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation & BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation & BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; The Center for Bioenergy Innovation & BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Lan Yao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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14
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Hossain A, Rahaman MS, Lee D, Phung TK, Canlas CG, Simmons BA, Renneckar S, Reynolds W, George A, Tulaphol S, Sathitsuksanoh N. Enhanced Softwood Cellulose Accessibility by H 3PO 4 Pretreatment: High Sugar Yield without Compromising Lignin Integrity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Hossain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Mohammad Shahinur Rahaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - David Lee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Thanh Khoa Phung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Christian G. Canlas
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Laboratories, Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- College of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - William Reynolds
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Anthe George
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Sarttrawut Tulaphol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Department of Chemistry, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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15
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Huang C, Lin W, Lai C, Li X, Jin Y, Yong Q. Coupling the post-extraction process to remove residual lignin and alter the recalcitrant structures for improving the enzymatic digestibility of acid-pretreated bamboo residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121355. [PMID: 31004950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a mild and facile post-extraction using different reagents was evaluated to overcome these recalcitrance for improving the enzymatic digestibility of acid-pretreated bamboo residues by removing the lignin and disrupting its inhibitory properties. Results showed that the enzymatic digestibility of acid-pretreated bamboo residues can be improved from 15.4% to 61.4%, 59.7%, and 42.8% by room temperature post-extraction with phosphoric acid, urea, and ethanol, respectively. Several compelling correlations (R2 > 0.5) were observable between enzymatic digestibility and structural changes, including delignification, reducing of substrate hydrophobicity, altering cellulose crystallinity, and elevations to the residual lignin syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratio and functional groups. The results serve as a demonstration of the downstream value that can be gained when coupling a post-extraction process with acid pretreatment of bamboo residues, resulting in greater fermentable sugar production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoxing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenqian Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Department of Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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16
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Chen D, Gao D, Capareda SC, Huang S, Wang Y. Effects of hydrochloric acid washing on the microstructure and pyrolysis bio-oil components of sweet sorghum bagasse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 277:37-45. [PMID: 30658334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Acid washing is an alternative and promising approach for biomass to produce high-quality bio-oil. The hydrochloric acid washing pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse was performed in this study. The effects of acid washing on the ultrastructure of sweet sorghum bagasse were investigated using scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared, and the effects on pyrolysis using thermogravimetric analyzer and a fast pyrolysis device. The results indicated acid treatment obviously changed the surface morphology of the cell walls of sweet sorghum bagasse, effectively removed most metals from sweet sorghum bagasse, and increased the volatiles and bio-oil yields. The results showed that bio-oil produced from pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse contained less components categories, lower contents of phenols, aldehydes, furans and alcohols, while much higher contents of d-allose and ketones than that from the original sample. Hydrochloric acid-washing pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse can increase the contents of some high-value chemicals in bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Chen
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongxiao Gao
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Sergio C Capareda
- College of Agricultural and Life Science, Texas A & M University, College Station 77840, TX, USA
| | - Shunchao Huang
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
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17
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Shi J, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Cai L, Shi SQ. Effect of thermal treatment with water, H 2SO 4 and NaOH aqueous solution on color, cell wall and chemical structure of poplar wood. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17735. [PMID: 30531958 PMCID: PMC6286344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal treatments with water, diluted acid, and diluted alkali aqueous solution of poplar wood blocks were carried out in a Teflon-lined autoclave at three temperatures. The effects of different liquids and temperatures on wood surface color, cell wall microstructure, and chemical structures were investigated by the chromameter, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From the chromameter, it was observed that the lightness value decreased with temperature for all treatment conditions. The a* value increased with temperature in all liquid treatments. The b* value increased with temperature in hydrothermal and thermal with H2SO4 treatment but decreased with temperature in thermal with NaOH treatment. The total color difference (ΔE) was slightly changed in the hydrothermal treatment, but dramatically changed in the thermal with H2SO4 and NaOH aqueous treatments. SEM showed that the cell wall structure was damaged differently with different reagents and temperature. Middle lamella layers were always fractured in hydrothermal and NaOH treatments. However, both middle lamella and secondary cell wall were damaged after the H2SO4 treatment and intensified with temperature. These fractures usually parallel with the S2 layer microfibril angle (MFA) in the fiber cell wall. The FTIR analysis suggested that the chemical structure was obviously changed after the thermal with H2SO4 and NaOH treatments. And the missing or decreasing C=O absorption peak indicated hemicellulose is degraded and new compounds produced during thermal with H2SO4 and NaOH treatment. On the other hand, lignin was partly degraded in the H2SO4 treatment and guaiacyl nuclei was degraded before syringyl nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. .,Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA.
| | - Yu Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yaoli Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Liping Cai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
| | - Sheldon Q Shi
- Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76207, USA
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18
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Wu X, Huang C, Zhai S, Liang C, Huang C, Lai C, Yong Q. Improving enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of wheat straw through sequential autohydrolysis and alkaline post-extraction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:374-380. [PMID: 29294459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a two-step pretreatment process of wheat straw was established by combining autohydrolysis pretreatment and alkaline post-extraction. The results showed that employing alkaline post-extraction to autohydrolyzed wheat straw could significantly improve its enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency from 36.0% to 83.7%. Alkaline post-extraction lead to the changes of the structure characteristics of autohydrolyzed wheat straw. Associations between enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and structure characteristics were also studied. The results showed that the factors of structure characteristics such as delignification, xylan removal yield, crystallinity, accessibility and hydrophobicity are positively related to enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency within a certain range for alkaline post-extracted wheat straw. The results demonstrated that autohydrolysis coupled with alkaline post-extraction is an effective and promising method to gain fermentable sugars from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shengcheng Zhai
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Materials Science & Engineering College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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19
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Terryn C, Paës G, Spriet C. FRET-SLiM on native autofluorescence: a fast and reliable method to study interactions between fluorescent probes and lignin in plant cell wall. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:74. [PMID: 30154910 PMCID: PMC6109981 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass is a complex network of polymers making the cell walls of plants. It represents a feedstock of sustainable resources to be converted into fuels, chemicals and materials. Because of its complex architecture, lignocellulose is a recalcitrant material that necessitates some pretreatments and several types of catalysts to be transformed efficiently. In particular, enzymes degrading lignocellulose can become inactivated due to their binding to lignin through non-specific interactions, leading to a loss in catalytic efficiency of industrial processes. Gaining more knowledge in the strength of interactions would allow optimizing enzymes and selecting appropriate pretreatments. RESULTS Measuring interactions directly in plant cell wall can theoretically be performed using confocal fluorescence techniques by evaluating fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between compatible fluorophores. In this study, autofluorescence of plant cell wall, mainly originating from lignin, was considered as a donor fluorophore while the acceptor was a common rhodamine-based fluorescent probe. To overcome complex plant cell wall fluorescence, which limits FRET analysis by standard techniques, we have developed an original approach, combining spectral and lifetime measurements. It consists in (1) dissecting autofluorescence signal in each spectral channel, (2) optimizing spectral channel choice for lifetime measurements and (3) achieving an unambiguous FRET signature with an autofluorescent donor fluorophore. Interactions between rhodamine-based probes of various sizes and untreated or pretreated wheat sample were evaluated, showing it was possible to discriminate interactions at the nano-scale, revealing some accessibility differences and the effect of pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS SLiM measurement allows precise estimation of the optimal spectral range for FRET measurement. SLiM response allows for the first time doubtless FRET measurements between lignin as a donor, and an acceptor fluorophore with high accuracy and sensitivity related to lifetime decrease studies. As demonstrated, it thus becomes possible to measure interactions of fluorescent probes directly inside plant cell wall samples. This approach can thus be applied to various fields such as lignocellulose deconstruction to optimize the action of enzymes or plant cell wall development to assay in situ the biosynthesis of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Terryn
- PICT Platform, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Gabriel Paës
- Fractionation of AgroResources and Environment (FARE) Laboratory, INRA, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 2 Esplanade Roland-Garros, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Corentin Spriet
- TISBio, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), CNRS, UMR 8576, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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Muraleedharan MN, Zouraris D, Karantonis A, Topakas E, Sandgren M, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Karnaouri A. Effect of lignin fractions isolated from different biomass sources on cellulose oxidation by fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:296. [PMID: 30386433 PMCID: PMC6204277 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes that oxidatively cleave recalcitrant lignocellulose in the presence of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as co-substrate and a reducing agent as electron donor. One of the possible systems that provide electrons to the LPMOs active site and promote the polysaccharide degradation involves the mediation of phenolic agents, such as lignin, low-molecular-weight lignin-derived compounds and other plant phenols. In the present work, the interaction of the bulk insoluble lignin fraction extracted from pretreated biomass with LPMOs and the ability to provide electrons to the active site of the enzymes is studied. RESULTS The catalytic efficiency of three LPMOs, namely MtLPMO9 with C1/C4 regioselectivity, PcLPMO9D which is a C1 active LPMO and NcLPMO9C which is a C4 LPMO, was evaluated in the presence of different lignins. It was correlated with the physicochemical and structural properties of lignins, such as the molecular weight and the composition of aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups. Moreover, the redox potential of lignins was determined with the use of large amplitude Fourier Transform alternating current cyclic voltammetry method and compared to the formal potential of the Cu (II) center in the active site of the LPMOs, providing more information about the lignin-LPMO interaction. The results demonstrated the existence of low-molecular weight lignin-derived compounds that are diffused in the reaction medium, which are able to reduce the enzyme active site and subsequently utilize additional electrons from the insoluble lignin fraction to promote the LPMO oxidative activity. Regarding the bulk lignin fractions, those isolated from the organosolv pretreated materials served as the best candidates in supplying electrons to the soluble compounds and, finally, to the enzymes. This difference, based on biomass pretreatment, was also demonstrated by the activity of LPMOs on natural substrates in the presence and absence of ascorbic acid as additional reducing agent. CONCLUSIONS Lignins can support the action of LPMOs and serve indirectly as electron donors through low-molecular-weight soluble compounds. This ability depends on their physicochemical and structural properties and is related to the biomass source and pretreatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Nair Muraleedharan
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Zouraris
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Applied Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Karantonis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Applied Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anthi Karnaouri
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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21
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Mulat DG, Dibdiakova J, Horn SJ. Microbial biogas production from hydrolysis lignin: insight into lignin structural changes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:61. [PMID: 29541158 PMCID: PMC5844095 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerging cellulosic bioethanol industry will generate huge amounts of lignin-rich residues that may be converted into biogas by anaerobic digestion (AD) to increase the output of energy carriers from the biorefinery plants. The carbohydrates fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is degradable, whereas the lignin fraction is generally considered difficult to degrade during AD. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of biogas production by AD from hydrolysis lignin (HL), prepared by steam explosion (SE) and enzymatic saccharification of birch. A novel nylon bag technique together with two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify recalcitrant and degradable structures in the lignin during AD. RESULTS The HL had a lignin content of 80% which included pseudo-lignin and condensed-lignin structures resulting from the SE pretreatment. The obtained methane yield from HL was almost twofold higher than the theoretical methane from the carbohydrate fraction alone, indicating that part of the lignin was converted to methane. Characterization of the undegradable material after AD revealed a substantial loss of signals characteristic for carbohydrates and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC), indicating conversion of these chemical components to methane during AD. The β-O-4' linkage and resinol were not modified as such in AD, but major change was seen for the S/G ratio from 5.8 to 2.6, phenylcoumaran from 4.9 to 1.0%, and pseudo-lignin and condensed-lignin were clearly degraded. Scanning electron microscopy and simultaneous thermal analysis measurements demonstrated changes in morphology and thermal properties following SE pretreatment and AD. Our results showed that carbohydrate, LCC, pseudo-lignin, and condensed-lignin degradation had contributed to methane production. The energy yield for the combined ethanol production and biogas production was 8.1 MJ fuel per kg DM of substrate (4.9 MJ/kg from ethanol and 3.2 MJ/kg from methane). CONCLUSION This study shows the benefit of using a novel bag technique together with advanced analytical techniques to investigate the degradation mechanisms of lignin during AD, and also points to a possible application of HL produced in cellulosic bioethanol plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Girma Mulat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Janka Dibdiakova
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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