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Ruan J, Yu X, Xu H, Cui W, Zhang K, Liu C, Sun W, Huang X, An L, Zhang Y. Suppressor tRNA in gene therapy. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-024-2613-y. [PMID: 38926247 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Suppressor tRNAs are engineered or naturally occurring transfer RNA molecules that have shown promise in gene therapy for diseases caused by nonsense mutations, which result in premature termination codons (PTCs) in coding sequence, leading to truncated, often nonfunctional proteins. Suppressor tRNAs can recognize and pair with these PTCs, allowing the ribosome to continue translation and produce a full-length protein. This review introduces the mechanism and development of suppressor tRNAs, compares suppressor tRNAs with other readthrough therapies, discusses their potential for clinical therapy, limitations, and obstacles. We also summarize the applications of suppressor tRNAs in both in vitro and in vivo, offering new insights into the research and treatment of nonsense mutation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ruan
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Huixia Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Wenrui Cui
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Kaiye Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lei An
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
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Wimmer B, Friedrich A, Poeltner K, Edobor G, Mosshammer C, Temaj G, Rathner A, Karl T, Krauss J, von Hagen J, Gerner C, Breitenbach M, Hintner H, Bauer JW, Breitenbach-Koller H. En Route to Targeted Ribosome Editing to Replenish Skin Anchor Protein LAMB3 in Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. JID INNOVATIONS 2024; 4:100240. [PMID: 38282649 PMCID: PMC10810840 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe junctional epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetic, postpartum lethal skin disease, predominantly caused by nonsense/premature termination codon (PTC) sequence variants in LAMB3 gene. LAMB3 encodes LAMB3, the β subunit of epidermal-dermal skin anchor laminin 332. Most translational reads of a PTC mRNA deliver truncated, nonfunctional proteins, whereas an endogenous PTC readthrough mechanism produces full-length protein at minimal and insufficient levels. Conventional translational readthrough-inducing drugs amplify endogenous PTC readthrough; however, translational readthrough-inducing drugs are either proteotoxic or nonselective. Ribosome editing is a more selective and less toxic strategy. This technique identified ribosomal protein L35/uL29 (ie, RpL35) and RpL35-ligands repurposable drugs artesunate and atazanavir as molecular tools to increase production levels of full-length LAMB3. To evaluate ligand activity in living cells, we monitored artesunate and atazanavir treatment by dual luciferase reporter assays. Production levels of full-length LAMB3 increased up to 200% upon artesunate treatment, up to 150% upon atazanavir treatment, and up to 170% upon combinatorial treatment of RpL35 ligands at reduced drug dosage, with an unrelated PTC reporter being nonresponsive. Proof of bioactivity of RpL35 ligands in selective increase of full-length LAMB3 provides the basis for an alternative, targeted therapeutic route to replenish LAMB3 in severe junctional epidermolysis bullosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Wimmer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Friedrich
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Poeltner
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Genevieve Edobor
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Mosshammer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Adriana Rathner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Karl
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Krauss
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- SKM-IP PartGmbB, Munich, Germany
| | - Joerg von Hagen
- Merck KGaA, Gernsheim, Germany
- ryon-Greentech Accelerator, Gernsheim, Germany
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Breitenbach
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Helmut Hintner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann W. Bauer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Li S, Li J, Shi W, Nie Z, Zhang S, Ma F, Hu J, Chen J, Li P, Xie X. Pharmaceuticals Promoting Premature Termination Codon Readthrough: Progress in Development. Biomolecules 2023; 13:988. [PMID: 37371567 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 11% of all known gene lesions causing human genetic diseases are nonsense mutations that introduce a premature stop codon (PTC) into the protein-coding gene sequence. Drug-induced PTC readthrough is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating hereditary diseases caused by nonsense mutations. To date, it has been found that more than 50 small-molecular compounds can promote PTC readthrough, known as translational readthrough-inducing drugs (TRIDs), and can be divided into two major categories: aminoglycosides and non-aminoglycosides. This review summarizes the pharmacodynamics and clinical application potential of the main TRIDs discovered so far, especially some newly discovered TRIDs in the past decade. The discovery of these TRIDs brings hope for treating nonsense mutations in various genetic diseases. Further research is still needed to deeply understand the mechanism of eukaryotic cell termination and drug-induced PTC readthrough so that patients can achieve the greatest benefit from the various TRID treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juan Li
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Genetic Study of Hematopathy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ziyan Nie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fengdie Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peiqiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Recoding of Nonsense Mutation as a Pharmacological Strategy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030659. [PMID: 36979640 PMCID: PMC10044939 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 11% of genetic human diseases are caused by nonsense mutations that introduce a premature termination codon (PTC) into the coding sequence. The PTC results in the production of a potentially harmful shortened polypeptide and activation of a nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway. The NMD pathway reduces the burden of unproductive protein synthesis by lowering the level of PTC mRNA. There is an endogenous rescue mechanism that produces a full-length protein from a PTC mRNA. Nonsense suppression therapies aim to increase readthrough, suppress NMD, or are a combination of both strategies. Therefore, treatment with translational readthrough-inducing drugs (TRIDs) and NMD inhibitors may increase the effectiveness of PTC suppression. Here we discuss the mechanism of PTC readthrough and the development of novel approaches to PTC suppression. We also discuss the toxicity and bioavailability of therapeutics used to stimulate PTC readthrough.
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Evaluation of Pharmacological Rescue of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Nonsense Mutations by Aminoglycoside. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111793. [PMID: 36362948 PMCID: PMC9697516 DOI: 10.3390/life12111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is critical for central satiety regulation, therefore presenting a potent target for pharmacological obesity treatment. Melanocortin-4 receptor mutations prevalently cause monogenetic obesity. A possibility of overcoming stop mutations is aminoglycoside-mediated translational readthrough. Promising results were achieved in COS-7 cells, but data for human cell systems are still missing, so uncertainty surrounds this potential treatment. In transfected HEK-293 cells, we tested whether translational readthrough by aminoglycoside Geneticin combined with high-affinity ligand setmelanotide, which is effective in proopiomelanocortin or leptin receptor deficiency patients, is a treatment option for affected patients. Five MC4R nonsense mutants (W16X, Y35X_D37V, E61X, W258X, Q307X) were investigated. Confocal microscopy and cell surface expression assays revealed the importance of the mutations’ position within the MC4R. N-terminal mutants were marginally expressed independent of Geneticin treatment, whereas mutants with nonsense mutations in transmembrane helix 6 or helix 8 showed wild-type-like expression. For functional analysis, Gs and Gq/11 signaling were measured. N-terminal mutants (W16X, Y35X_D37V) showed no cAMP formation after challenge with alpha-MSH or setmelanotide, irrespective of Geneticin treatment. Similarly, Gs activation was almost impossible in W258X and Q307X with wild-type-like cell surface expression. Results for Gq/11 signaling were comparable. Based on our data, this approach improbably represents a therapeutic option.
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Ataluren suppresses a premature termination codon in an MPS I-H mouse. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1223-1235. [PMID: 35857082 PMCID: PMC9329424 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstarct Suppressing translation termination at premature termination codons (PTCs), termed readthrough, is a potential therapy for genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations. Ataluren is a compound that has shown promise for clinical use as a readthrough agent. However, some reports suggest that ataluren is ineffective at suppressing PTCs. To further evaluate the effectiveness of ataluren as a readthrough agent, we examined its ability to suppress PTCs in a variety of previously untested models. Using NanoLuc readthrough reporters expressed in two different cell types, we found that ataluren stimulated a significant level of readthrough. We also explored the ability of ataluren to suppress a nonsense mutation associated with Mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler (MPS I-H), a genetic disease that is caused by a deficiency of α-L-iduronidase that leads to lysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Idua-W402X mice, we found that ataluren partially rescued α-L-iduronidase function and significantly reduced GAG accumulation relative to controls. Two-week oral administration of ataluren to Idua-W402X mice led to significant GAG reductions in most tissues compared to controls. Together, these data reveal important details concerning the efficiency of ataluren as a readthrough agent and the mechanisms that govern its ability to suppress PTCs. Key messages Ataluren promotes readthrough of PTCs in a wide variety of contexts. Ataluren reduces glycosaminoglyan storage in MPS I-H cell and mouse models. Ataluren has a bell-shaped dose–response curve and a narrow effective range.
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Viotti Perisse I, Fan Z, Van Wettere A, Liu Y, Leir S, Keim J, Regouski M, Wilson MD, Cholewa KM, Mansbach SN, Kelley TJ, Wang Z, Harris A, White KL, Polejaeva IA. Sheep models of F508del and G542X cystic fibrosis mutations show cellular responses to human therapeutics. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:841-854. [PMID: 34632318 PMCID: PMC8493969 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The F508del and G542X are the most common mutations found in US patients, accounting for 86.4% and 4.6% of all mutations, respectively. The F508del causes deletion of the phenylalanine residue at position 508 and is associated with impaired CFTR protein folding. The G542X is a nonsense mutation that introduces a stop codon into the mRNA, thus preventing normal CFTR protein synthesis. Here, we describe the generation of CFTRF508del / F508del and CFTRG542X / G542X lambs using CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). First, we introduced either F508del or G542X mutations into sheep fetal fibroblasts that were subsequently used as nuclear donors for SCNT. The newborn CF lambs develop pathology similar to CFTR -/- sheep and CF patients. Moreover, tracheal epithelial cells from the CFTRF508del / F508del lambs responded to a human CFTR (hCFTR) potentiator and correctors, and those from CFTRG542X / G542X lambs showed modest restoration of CFTR function following inhibition of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and aminoglycoside antibiotic treatments. Thus, the phenotype and electrophysiology of these novel models represent an important advance for testing new CF therapeutics and gene therapy to improve the health of patients with this life-limiting disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Viotti Perisse
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Arnaud Van Wettere
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Shih‐Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jacob Keim
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Misha Regouski
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Kelly M. Cholewa
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Sara N. Mansbach
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Thomas J. Kelley
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Kenneth L. White
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Irina A. Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary SciencesUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
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Schilff M, Sargsyan Y, Hofhuis J, Thoms S. Stop Codon Context-Specific Induction of Translational Readthrough. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071006. [PMID: 34356630 PMCID: PMC8301745 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature termination codon (PTC) mutations account for approximately 10% of pathogenic variants in monogenic diseases. Stimulation of translational readthrough, also known as stop codon suppression, using translational readthrough-inducing drugs (TRIDs) may serve as a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of genetic PTC diseases. One important parameter governing readthrough is the stop codon context (SCC)-the stop codon itself and the nucleotides in the vicinity of the stop codon on the mRNA. However, the quantitative influence of the SCC on treatment outcome and on appropriate drug concentrations are largely unknown. Here, we analyze the readthrough-stimulatory effect of various readthrough-inducing drugs on the SCCs of five common premature termination codon mutations of PEX5 in a sensitive dual reporter system. Mutations in PEX5, encoding the peroxisomal targeting signal 1 receptor, can cause peroxisomal biogenesis disorders of the Zellweger spectrum. We show that the stop context has a strong influence on the levels of readthrough stimulation and impacts the choice of the most effective drug and its concentration. These results highlight potential advantages and the personalized medicine nature of an SCC-based strategy in the therapy of rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Schilff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Yelena Sargsyan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Julia Hofhuis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sven Thoms
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (M.S.); (Y.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-521-106-86502
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Martins-Dias P, Romão L. Nonsense suppression therapies in human genetic diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4677-4701. [PMID: 33751142 PMCID: PMC11073055 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
About 11% of all human disease-associated gene lesions are nonsense mutations, resulting in the introduction of an in-frame premature translation-termination codon (PTC) into the protein-coding gene sequence. When translated, PTC-containing mRNAs originate truncated and often dysfunctional proteins that might be non-functional or have gain-of-function or dominant-negative effects. Therapeutic strategies aimed at suppressing PTCs to restore deficient protein function-the so-called nonsense suppression (or PTC readthrough) therapies-have the potential to provide a therapeutic benefit for many patients and in a broad range of genetic disorders, including cancer. These therapeutic approaches comprise the use of translational readthrough-inducing compounds that make the translational machinery recode an in-frame PTC into a sense codon. However, most of the mRNAs carrying a PTC can be rapidly degraded by the surveillance mechanism of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), thus decreasing the levels of PTC-containing mRNAs in the cell and their availability for PTC readthrough. Accordingly, the use of NMD inhibitors, or readthrough-compound potentiators, may enhance the efficiency of PTC suppression. Here, we review the mechanisms of PTC readthrough and their regulation, as well as the recent advances in the development of novel approaches for PTC suppression, and their role in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Martins-Dias
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Romão
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Seo K, Kim EK, Choi J, Kim DS, Shin JH. Functional recovery of a novel knockin mouse model of dysferlinopathy by readthrough of nonsense mutation. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:702-709. [PMID: 34141825 PMCID: PMC8181533 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the dysferlin gene cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B or Miyoshi distal myopathy. We found that nonsense mutations are the most common mutation type among Korean patients with dysferlinopathy; more than half of the patients have at least one nonsense allele, which may be amenable to readthrough therapy. We generated a knockin mouse, dqx, harboring DYSF p.Q832∗ mutation. Homozygous dqx mice lacked dysferlin in skeletal muscle, while 2 weeks of oral ataluren restored dysferlin expression and ameliorated skeletal muscle pathology. Their physical performance improved, and protection against eccentric contractions was noted. The improvement was most evident in mice treated with oral ataluren of 0.9 mg/mL. These improvements were sustained for 8 weeks in ataluren-treated dqx mice, while the parameters of A/J mice treated with ataluren over the same period did not improve. These results support that readthrough therapy by oral ataluren may also be applicable to dysferlinopathy patients with nonsense mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyowon Seo
- Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Kim
- Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeil Choi
- Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Kim
- Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Shin
- Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
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Wang K, Romm EL, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF. Prediction of Premature Termination Codon Suppressing Compounds for Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Using Machine Learning. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173886. [PMID: 32858918 PMCID: PMC7503396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant percentage of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cases are caused by premature termination codon (PTC) mutations in the dystrophin gene, leading to the production of a truncated, non-functional dystrophin polypeptide. PTC-suppressing compounds (PTCSC) have been developed in order to restore protein translation by allowing the incorporation of an amino acid in place of a stop codon. However, limitations exist in terms of efficacy and toxicity. To identify new compounds that have PTC-suppressing ability, we selected and clustered existing PTCSC, allowing for the construction of a common pharmacophore model. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models were developed for prediction of new PTCSC based on known compounds. We conducted a search of the NCI compounds database using the pharmacophore-based model and a search of the DrugBank database using pharmacophore-based, ML and DL models. Sixteen drug compounds were selected as a consensus of pharmacophore-based, ML, and DL searches. Our results suggest notable correspondence of the pharmacophore-based, ML, and DL models in prediction of new PTC-suppressing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Wang
- MAP program, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Eden L. Romm
- Curematch Inc., 6440 Lusk Blvd, Suite D206, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Valentina L. Kouznetsova
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Igor F. Tsigelny
- Curematch Inc., 6440 Lusk Blvd, Suite D206, San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Dept. of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence:
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Screening Readthrough Compounds to Suppress Nonsense Mutations: Possible Application to β-Thalassemia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020289. [PMID: 31972957 PMCID: PMC7073686 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several types of thalassemia (including β039-thalassemia) are caused by nonsense mutations in genes controlling globin production, leading to premature translation termination and mRNA destabilization mediated by the nonsense mediated mRNA decay. Drugs (for instance, aminoglycosides) can be designed to suppress premature translation termination by inducing readthrough (or nonsense suppression) at the premature termination codon. These findings have introduced new hopes for the development of a pharmacologic approach to cure this genetic disease. In the present review, we first summarize the principle and current status of the chemical relief for the expression of functional proteins from genes otherwise unfruitful for the presence of nonsense mutations. Second, we compare data available on readthrough molecules for β0-thalassemia. The examples reported in the review strongly suggest that ribosomal readthrough should be considered as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of β0-thalassemia caused by nonsense mutations. Concluding, the discovery of molecules, exhibiting the property of inducing β-globin, such as readthrough compounds, is of great interest and represents a hope for several patients, whose survival will depend on the possible use of drugs rendering blood transfusion and chelation therapy unnecessary.
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Yu H, Meng Y, Zhang S, Tian C, Wu F, Li N, Li Q, Jin Y, Pu J. Stop codons and the +4 nucleotide may influence the efficiency of G418 in rescuing nonsense mutations of the HERG gene. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2037-2046. [PMID: 31573043 PMCID: PMC6844634 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the local sequence context in determining how efficiently aminoglycosides rescue nonsense mutations has been established previously in disease models. Different stop codons appear to facilitate the termination process with differing efficiencies. Furthermore, the efficiency with which termination is suppressed may also be influenced by the local sequence context surrounding the stop codon. The strongest bias has usually been identified with the nucleotide base that immediately follows the stop codon in the majority of experiments. However, how the sequence context influences the efficiency of aminoglycosides in rescuing the human ether-a-go-go-related (HERG) protein in mammalian cells remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study was devised to examine the susceptibility of different termination codons on the HERG gene and the +4 nucleotide immediately following them to be suppressed by aminoglyco-sides in 293 cells. The 293 cells were transiently transfected with the wild-type or mutant genes. The read-through effect was subsequently examined by adding aminoglycoside G418 into the culture medium, followed by incubation of the cells for 24 h. An immunofluorescence method was then used to observe the protein expression of HERG prior to and following drug treatment. Patch clamping was performed to evaluate the function of the HERG protein. These experiments revealed that stop codons TGA and TAA in the R1014X mutant were more susceptible to treatment with the drug G418. Similar results were observed with the W927X-TGA and W927X-TAA mutants. Subsequently, R1014X-TGAC, R1014X-TGAG and R1014X-TGAA mutants were constructed based on the R1014X-TGAT mutant. The level of red fluorescence was observed prior to and following the administration of G418 using antibodies targeting the N- or C-terminus of the HERG protein. However, the tail current density was found only to increase with the R1014X-TGAT mutant following G418 treatment. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that the type of premature stop codon and the context of the nucleotide immediately following at the +4 position, may determine the pharmacological rescue efficiency of the HERG gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Yu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, P.R. China
| | - Yanhai Meng
- Department of ICU, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Chen Tian
- Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital (State Grid Corporation Beijing Electric Power Hospital), Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital (State Grid Corporation Beijing Electric Power Hospital), Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital (State Grid Corporation Beijing Electric Power Hospital), Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyang Li
- Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital (State Grid Corporation Beijing Electric Power Hospital), Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, P.R. China
| | - Jielin Pu
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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Abstract
Lafora disease is a severe, autosomal recessive, progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The disease usually manifests in previously healthy adolescents, and death commonly occurs within 10 years of symptom onset. Lafora disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in EPM2A or NHLRC1, which encode laforin and malin, respectively. The absence of either protein results in poorly branched, hyperphosphorylated glycogen, which precipitates, aggregates and accumulates into Lafora bodies. Evidence from Lafora disease genetic mouse models indicates that these intracellular inclusions are a principal driver of neurodegeneration and neurological disease. The integration of current knowledge on the function of laforin-malin as an interacting complex suggests that laforin recruits malin to parts of glycogen molecules where overly long glucose chains are forming, so as to counteract further chain extension. In the absence of either laforin or malin function, long glucose chains in specific glycogen molecules extrude water, form double helices and drive precipitation of those molecules, which over time accumulate into Lafora bodies. In this article, we review the genetic, clinical, pathological and molecular aspects of Lafora disease. We also discuss traditional antiseizure treatments for this condition, as well as exciting therapeutic advances based on the downregulation of brain glycogen synthesis and disease gene replacement.
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Zarate YA, Bosanko KA, Caffrey AR, Bernstein JA, Martin DM, Williams MS, Berry-Kravis EM, Mark PR, Manning MA, Bhambhani V, Vargas M, Seeley AH, Estrada-Veras JI, vanDooren MF, Schwab M, Vanderver A, Melis D, Alsadah A, Sadler L, Van Esch H, Callewaert B, Oostra A, Maclean J, Dentici ML, Orlando V, Lipson M, Sparagana SP, Maarup TJ, Alsters SIM, Brautbar A, Kovitch E, Naidu S, Lees M, Smith DM, Turner L, Raggio V, Spangenberg L, Garcia-Miñaúr S, Roeder ER, Littlejohn RO, Grange D, Pfotenhauer J, Jones MC, Balasubramanian M, Martinez-Monseny A, Blok LS, Gavrilova R, Fish JL. Mutation update for the SATB2 gene. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1013-1029. [PMID: 31021519 PMCID: PMC11431158 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by alterations in the SATB2 gene. Here we present a review of published pathogenic variants in the SATB2 gene to date and report 38 novel alterations found in 57 additional previously unreported individuals. Overall, we present a compilation of 120 unique variants identified in 155 unrelated families ranging from single nucleotide coding variants to genomic rearrangements distributed throughout the entire coding region of SATB2. Single nucleotide variants predicted to result in the occurrence of a premature stop codon were the most commonly seen (51/120 = 42.5%) followed by missense variants (31/120 = 25.8%). We review the rather limited functional characterization of pathogenic variants and discuss current understanding of the consequences of the different molecular alterations. We present an expansive phenotypic review along with novel genotype-phenotype correlations. Lastly, we discuss current knowledge of animal models and present future prospects. This review should help provide better guidance for the care of individuals diagnosed with SAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A. Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Katherine A. Bosanko
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Aisling R. Caffrey
- Health Outcomes, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Donna M. Martin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Elizabeth M. Berry-Kravis
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul R. Mark
- Division of Medical Genetics, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Melanie A. Manning
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Vikas Bhambhani
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Marcelo Vargas
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Juvianee I. Estrada-Veras
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Pediatric subspecialty-Medical Genetics Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marieke F. vanDooren
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Schwab
- Genetics Division, Joseph Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Adnan Alsadah
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Laurie Sadler
- Division of Genetics, Oishei Children's Hospital, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Oostra
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jane Maclean
- Pediatric Neurology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, San Jose, California
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Medical Genetics, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Orlando
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark Lipson
- Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, California
| | - Steven P. Sparagana
- Department of Neurology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Suzanne IM Alsters
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ariel Brautbar
- Department of Genetics, Cook Chldren's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | | | - Sakkubai Naidu
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Melissa Lees
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | - Lesley Turner
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Víctor Raggio
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Sixto Garcia-Miñaúr
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elizabeth R. Roeder
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca O. Littlejohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dorothy Grange
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medcine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jean Pfotenhauer
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marilyn C. Jones
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Meena Balasubramanian
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Antonio Martinez-Monseny
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, Rare Disease Pediatric Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lot Snijders Blok
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralitza Gavrilova
- Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer L. Fish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Zhang B. Identification of candidate nonsense mutations of FVIII for ribosomal readthrough therapy. Haematologica 2019; 104:e573-e576. [PMID: 31004034 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.205104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA and
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA and
| | - Min Zhu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA and .,Department of Pathology, Karamay Central Hospital, Karamay, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA and
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Bordonaro M, Lazarova D. Amlexanox and UPF1 Modulate Wnt Signaling and Apoptosis in HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2019; 10:287-292. [PMID: 30719122 PMCID: PMC6360298 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated Wnt signaling initiates most cases of colorectal cancer (CRC). Butyrate, a product of dietary fiber, hyperactivates Wnt signaling, resulting in induction of CRC cell apoptosis, which may in part explain the protective action of fiber. Nonsense mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons (PTCs) affects tumorigenesis and upregulates Wnt signaling in human embryonic stem cells. However, it is unknown how NMD affects Wnt activity in CRC cells that exhibit constitutively activated Wnt signaling. We hypothesize that expression of genes that contain PTCs modulates Wnt signaling and response to butyrate in CRC cells. Amlexanox is a clinically utilized anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits NMD and promotes PTC read-through. Therefore, Amlexanox is a relevant agent for assessing the role of NMD and PTC read-through in the response of CRC cells to butyrate. To test our hypothesis, we treated HCT-116 CRC cells with Amlexanox and determined effects on Wnt signaling levels, apoptosis, and response to butyrate. Amlexanox enhanced basal Wnt signaling levels; however, it repressed butyrate-induced Wnt signaling hyperactivation and suppressed apoptosis. To evaluate the contribution of NMD and altered expression of PTC-containing genes to these effects, we upregulated NMD by overexpression of up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1), and observed effects opposite to these of Amlexanox (i.e., Wnt signaling hyperactivation by butyrate was enhanced and levels of apoptosis were increased). Our results support the possibility that altered expression of PTC-containing genes affects butyrate sensitivity of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
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18
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Zhou J, Qiu C, Pi N, Li S, Cheng X, Zhang L, Chen Y, Huang Y, Sun Y, Su Z. A Protein Biosynthesis Machinery Strategy for Identifying P53 PTC
-Rescuing Compounds as Synergic Anti-Tumor Drugs. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei; 430068 P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University); Ministry of Education and Wuhan University; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan; Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Ni Pi
- Department of Biotechnology; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei; 430068 P. R. China
| | - Sicong Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University); Ministry of Education and Wuhan University; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan; Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Xiyao Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei; 430068 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei; 430068 P. R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Biotechnology; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei; 430068 P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Huang
- Department of Biotechnology; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei; 430068 P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University); Ministry of Education and Wuhan University; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan; Hubei 430071 P. R. China
| | - Zhengding Su
- Department of Biotechnology; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei; 430068 P. R. China
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19
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The effect of PTC124 on choroideremia fibroblasts and iPSC-derived RPE raises considerations for therapy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8234. [PMID: 29844446 PMCID: PMC5974348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are caused by mutations in over 200 genes, resulting in a range of therapeutic options. Translational read-through inducing drugs (TRIDs) offer the possibility of treating multiple IRDs regardless of the causative gene. TRIDs promote ribosomal misreading of premature stop codons, which results in the incorporation of a near-cognate amino acid to produce a full-length protein. The IRD choroideremia (CHM) is a pertinent candidate for TRID therapy, as nonsense variants cause 30% of cases. Recently, treatment of the UAA nonsense-carrying CHM zebrafish model with the TRID PTC124 corrected the underlying biochemical defect and improved retinal phenotype. To be clinically relevant, we studied PTC124 efficiency in UAA nonsense-carrying human fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium, as well as in a UAA-mutated CHM overexpression system. We showed that PTC124 treatment induces a non-significant trend for functional rescue, which could not be improved by nonsense-mediated decay inhibition. Furthermore, it does not produce a detectable CHM-encoded protein even when coupled with a proteasome inhibitor. We suggest that drug efficiency may depend upon on the target amino acid and its evolutionary conservation, and argue that patient cells should be screened in vitro prior to inclusion in a clinical trial.
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