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Wimmer B, Friedrich A, Poeltner K, Edobor G, Mosshammer C, Temaj G, Rathner A, Karl T, Krauss J, von Hagen J, Gerner C, Breitenbach M, Hintner H, Bauer JW, Breitenbach-Koller H. En Route to Targeted Ribosome Editing to Replenish Skin Anchor Protein LAMB3 in Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa. JID Innov 2024; 4:100240. [PMID: 38282649 PMCID: PMC10810840 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe junctional epidermolysis bullosa is a rare genetic, postpartum lethal skin disease, predominantly caused by nonsense/premature termination codon (PTC) sequence variants in LAMB3 gene. LAMB3 encodes LAMB3, the β subunit of epidermal-dermal skin anchor laminin 332. Most translational reads of a PTC mRNA deliver truncated, nonfunctional proteins, whereas an endogenous PTC readthrough mechanism produces full-length protein at minimal and insufficient levels. Conventional translational readthrough-inducing drugs amplify endogenous PTC readthrough; however, translational readthrough-inducing drugs are either proteotoxic or nonselective. Ribosome editing is a more selective and less toxic strategy. This technique identified ribosomal protein L35/uL29 (ie, RpL35) and RpL35-ligands repurposable drugs artesunate and atazanavir as molecular tools to increase production levels of full-length LAMB3. To evaluate ligand activity in living cells, we monitored artesunate and atazanavir treatment by dual luciferase reporter assays. Production levels of full-length LAMB3 increased up to 200% upon artesunate treatment, up to 150% upon atazanavir treatment, and up to 170% upon combinatorial treatment of RpL35 ligands at reduced drug dosage, with an unrelated PTC reporter being nonresponsive. Proof of bioactivity of RpL35 ligands in selective increase of full-length LAMB3 provides the basis for an alternative, targeted therapeutic route to replenish LAMB3 in severe junctional epidermolysis bullosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Wimmer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Friedrich
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Poeltner
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Genevieve Edobor
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Mosshammer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Adriana Rathner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Karl
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Krauss
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- SKM-IP PartGmbB, Munich, Germany
| | - Joerg von Hagen
- Merck KGaA, Gernsheim, Germany
- ryon-Greentech Accelerator, Gernsheim, Germany
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Breitenbach
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Helmut Hintner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann W. Bauer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Moisant R, Cowles E, Broutel L, Deparis V, Baud A, von Hagen J, Kolmar H. Characterization of lipoprotein supplement and influence of its oxidized lipid content on cell culture performance and monoclonal antibody production by a SP2/0 hybridoma cell line. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3372. [PMID: 37365956 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A challenging aspect with the use of the Sp2/0 hybridoma cell line in commercial manufacturing processes of recombinant therapeutic proteins is their exogenous lipids requirement for cell proliferation and optimal protein secretion. Lipids are commonly provided to the culture using serum or serum-derivatives, such as lipoprotein supplement. The batch-to-batch variability of these non-chemically defined raw-materials is known to impact cell culture process performance. Lipoprotein supplement variability and its impact on fed-batch production of a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) expressed in Sp2/0 cells were studied using 36 batches from the same vendor. Several batches were associated with early viability drops leading to low process performance during fed-batch production. Increased caspase-3 activity (an indicator of apoptosis) was correlated to viability drops when low-performing batches were used. Addition of an antioxidant to the culture limited the increase in caspase-3 activity. Physicochemical characterization of batches confirmed that lipoproteins are mainly composed of lipids and proteins; no clear correlation between low-performing batches and lipoprotein supplement composition was observed. Controlled lipoprotein oxidation leads to lipoprotein solution browning, increasing absorbance at 276 nm and results in poor process performance. Because low-performing batches absorb more at 276 nm than other batches, oxidized lipids were suspected to be the root cause of low-performing batches. This study increased the understanding of lipoprotein supplement composition, its sensitivity to oxidation and its impact on process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Moisant
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Elliott Cowles
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Léonie Broutel
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Deparis
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Baud
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Merck Serono SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | - Joerg von Hagen
- Geschäftsführer ryon - GreenTech Accelerator Gernsheim GmbH, Gernsheim, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Applied Biochemistry Department, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Pulsoni I, Lubda M, Aiello M, Fedi A, Marzagalli M, von Hagen J, Scaglione S. Comparison Between Franz Diffusion Cell and a novel Micro-physiological System for In Vitro Penetration Assay Using Different Skin Models. SLAS Technol 2022; 27:161-171. [PMID: 35058208 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In vitro diffusive models are an important tool to screen the penetration ability of active ingredients in various formulations. A reliable assessment of skin penetration enhancing properties, mechanism of action of carrier systems, and an estimation of a bioavailability are essential for transdermal delivery. Given the importance of testing the penetration kinetics of different compounds across the skin barrier, several in vitro models have been developedThe aim of this study was to compare the Franz Diffusion Cell (FDC) with a novel fluid-dynamic platform (MIVO) by evaluating penetration ability of caffeine, a widely used reference substance, and LIP1, a testing molecule having the same molecular weight but a different lipophilicity in the two diffusion chamber systems. A 0.7% caffeine or LIP1 formulation in either water or propylene glycol (PG) containing oleic acid (OA) was topically applied on the Strat-M® membrane or pig ear skin, according to the infinite-dose experimental condition (780 ul/cm2). The profile of the penetration kinetics was determined by quantify the amount of molecule absorbed at different time-points (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours), by means of HPLC analysis. Both diffusive systems show a similar trend for caffeine and LIP1 penetration kinetics. The Strat-M® skin model shows a lower barrier function than the pig skin biopsies, whereby the PGOA vehicle exhibits a higher penetration, enhancing the effect for both diffusive chambers and skin surrogates. Most interestingly, MIVO diffusive system better predicts the lipophilic molecules (i.e. LIP1) permeation through highly physiological fluid flows resembled below the skin models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maurizio Aiello
- React4life Srl, Genoa, Italy; CNR -National Research Council of Italy, Genova, Italy
| | - Arianna Fedi
- CNR -National Research Council of Italy, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Scaglione
- React4life Srl, Genoa, Italy; CNR -National Research Council of Italy, Genova, Italy.
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Termer M, Jaeger A, Carola C, Salazar A, Keck CM, Kolmar H, von Hagen J. Methoxy-Monobenzoylmethane Protects Skin from UV-Induced Damages in a Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double-Blinded Human In Vivo Study and Prevents Signs of Inflammation While Improving the Skin Barrier. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2021; 12:435-449. [PMID: 34939179 PMCID: PMC8850519 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sun protection is important in skin care and requires special attention as inefficient protection might trigger skin pathologies including polymorphic light eruption (PLE). The reduce-improve-protect (RIP) concept to avoid the onset of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced diseases or damage to human skin is important. Methoxy-monobenzoylmethane (MeO-MBM), which is neither a UVB nor a UVA filter, converts to the UV filter avobenzone under UV irradiation and further acts as a photoantioxidant during its conversion process and initially as an antioxidant material. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms by which MeO-MBM improves the condition of UV-stressed skin through its photoantioxidant properties. The improvement of the skin condition by the activity of MeO-MBM as active ingredient was also investigated. Methods Potential molecular targets were identified by in silico docking to numerous cellular membrane receptors on the cell surface or nuclear membrane, followed by microarray analysis of 164 genes after MeO-MBM treatment of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). We conducted randomized, double-blinded, intra-individual comparison vs. placebo studies on ten volunteers, aged between 34 and 65 years, to assess the effect of MeO-MBM in vivo. The effect after UV-induced inflammation was assessed in a protective and curative set-up with 2% MeO-MBM vs. 1% hydrocortisone and placebo based on the change in blood flow. The barrier function of the skin was assessed by the change in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin scaling and skin thickness after the treatment with MeO-MBM. Additionally, the effect of MeO-MBM after UV-induced stress on the activation of ferritin in human explants was determined ex vivo. Results A docking simulation of MeO-MBM showed a potential interaction with the retinoic acid receptor gamma and further revealed downregulation of proteins related to inflammation. In the protective treatment set-up, after 24 h MeO-MBM significantly reduced the delta blood flow compared to placebo, while this reduction was more prominent with hydrocortisone. In the curative treatment set-up, a greater reduction in delta blood flow was also observed with MeO-MBM compared to placebo and similar to hydrocortisone. Treatment with MeO-MBM revealed an improvement in skin barrier function as a result of decreased TEWL, reduced skin scaling and increased skin thickness. Immunohistochemistry staining of ferritin on human skin explants further showed that the treatment with MeO-MBM reduced the ferritin expression. Conclusion Based on these results, MeO-MBM is capable of exerting an anti-aging activity via the retinoic acid receptor gamma. Its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity manifested via the downregulation of multiple anti-inflammatory genes as well as the reduction of ferritin in skin tissue. This study shows that the multidimensional functionality of MeO-MBM offers an effective approach to combat acute and chronic deleterious effects of oxidative UV damage while simultaneously enhancing the skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Termer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anita Jaeger
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Cornelia M Keck
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Termer M, Carola C, Salazar A, Keck CM, Hemberger J, von Hagen J. Activity-Guided Characterization of COX-2 Inhibitory Compounds in Waltheria indica L. Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237240. [PMID: 34885813 PMCID: PMC8658768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's response to infection or tissue injury in order to restore and maintain homeostasis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) derived from arachidonic acid (AA), via up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), is a key mediator of inflammation and can also be induced by several other factors including stress, chromosomal aberration, or environmental factors. Targeting prostaglandin production by inhibiting COX-2 is hence relevant for the successful resolution of inflammation. Waltheria indica L. is a traditional medicinal plant whose extracts have demonstrated COX-2 inhibitory properties. However, the compounds responsible for the activity remained unknown. For the preparation of extracts with effective anti-inflammatory properties, characterization of these substances is vital. In this work, we aimed to address this issue by characterizing the substances responsible for the COX-2 inhibitory activity in the extracts and generating prediction models to quantify the COX-2 inhibitory activity without biological testing. For this purpose, an extract was separated into fractions by means of centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The inhibitory potential of the fractions and extracts against the COX-2 enzyme was determined using a fluorometric COX-2 inhibition assay. The characterizations of compounds in the fractions with the highest COX-2 inhibitory activity were conducted by high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). It was found that these fractions contain alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid, identified and reported for the first time in Waltheria indica leaf extracts. After analyzing their contents in different Waltheria indica extracts, it could be demonstrated that these fatty acids are responsible for up to 41% of the COX-2 inhibition observed with Waltheria indica extract. Additional quantification of secondary metabolites in the extract fractions revealed that substances from the group of steroidal saponins and triterpenoid saponins also contribute to the COX-2 inhibitory activity. Based on the content of compounds contributing to COX-2 inhibition, two mathematical models were successfully developed, both of which had a root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.6% COX-2 inhibitory activity, demonstrating a high correspondence between predicted versus observed values. The results of the predictive models further suggested that the compounds contribute to COX-2 inhibition in the order linoleic acid > alpha linolenic acid > steroidal saponins > triterpenoid saponins. The characterization of substances contributing to COX-2 inhibition in this study enables a more targeted development of extraction processes to obtain Waltheria indica extracts with superior anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Termer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Christophe Carola
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurterstr. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (C.C.); (A.S.); (J.v.H.)
| | - Andrew Salazar
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurterstr. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (C.C.); (A.S.); (J.v.H.)
| | - Cornelia M. Keck
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Juergen Hemberger
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute for Biochemical Engineering & Analytics, University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Joerg von Hagen
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurterstr. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (C.C.); (A.S.); (J.v.H.)
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute for Biochemical Engineering & Analytics, University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
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Termer M, Carola C, Salazar A, Keck CM, Hemberger J, von Hagen J. Identification of plant metabolite classes from Waltheria Indica L. extracts regulating inflammatory immune responses via COX-2 inhibition. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 270:113741. [PMID: 33359867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Waltheria Indica L. is traditionally used in Africa, South America and Hawaii to treat pain, anemia, diarrhea, epilepsy and inflammatory related diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify extraction parameters to maximize tiliroside yield and to quantitative secondary metabolite composition of Waltheria Indica under various extraction conditions. The extracts were tested for COX-2 inhibition and their activity correlated with the type and quantity of the secondary metabolites. Insight was gained about how extraction parameters influence the extract composition and thus the COX-2 enzymatic inhibitory activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Powdered leaves of Waltheria Indica were extracted using water, methanol, ethyl acetate and ethanol at different temperatures. Tiliroside was identified by HPLC-HRMS n and quantified using a tiliroside standard. The compound groups of the secondary metabolites were quantified by spectrometric methods. Inhibitory potential of different Waltheria extracts against the COX-2 enzyme was determined using a fluorometric COX-2 inhibition assay. RESULTS The molecule, tiliroside, exhibited a COX-2 inhibition of 10.4% starting at a concentration of 15 μM and increased in a dose dependent manner up to 51.2% at 150 μM. The ethanolic extract at 30 °C and the ethyl acetate extract at 90 °C inhibited COX-2 with 37.7% and 38.9%, while the methanolic and aqueous extract showed a lower inhibition of 21.9% and 9.2% respectively. The results concerning phenol, alkaloid and tiliroside concentration in the extracts showed no dependence on COX-2 inhibition. The extracts demonstrated a direct correlation of COX-2 inhibitory activity with their triterpenoid-/steroidal-saponin concentration. COX-2 inhibition increased linearly with the concentration of the saponins. CONCLUSION The data suggest that Waltheria Indica extracts inhibit the key inflammatory enzyme, COX-2, as a function of triterpenoid- and steroidal-saponin concentration and support the known efficacy of extracted Waltheria Indica leaves as a traditional treatment against inflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Termer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | | | - Andrew Salazar
- Merck KGaA, BU Performance Materials, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Cornelia M Keck
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Hemberger
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute for Biochemical Engineering & Analytics, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joerg von Hagen
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute for Biochemical Engineering & Analytics, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany; Merck KGaA, BU Performance Materials, Darmstadt, Germany
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Djemal L, von Hagen J, Kolmar H, Deparis V. Characterization of soy protein hydrolysates and influence of its iron content on monoclonal antibody production by a murine hybridoma cell line. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3147. [PMID: 33742790 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A challenging aspect with the use of protein hydrolysates in commercial manufacturing processes of recombinant therapeutic proteins is their impacts on the protein production due to a lack of understanding of batch-to-batch variability. Soy hydrolysates variability and its impact on fed-batch production of a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) expressed in Sp2/0 cells were studied using 37 batches from the same vendor. The batch-to-batch variability of soy hydrolysates impacted cell growth, titer and product quality. Physicochemical characterization of batches confirmed that soy hydrolysates are mainly a source of amino acids and peptides containing lower amounts of other components such as carbohydrates and chemical elements in cell culture media. Soy hydrolysates composition of different batches was consistent except for trace elements. Statistical analyses identified iron as a potential marker of a poor process performance. To verify this correlation, two forms of iron, ferric ammonium citrate and ferrous sulfate, were added to a batch of soy hydrolysates associated to a low level of iron during cell culture. Both forms of iron reduced significantly cell growth, mAb titer and increased level of the acidic charge variants of the mAb. Consequently, trace element composition of soy hydrolysates or of all incoming raw materials might lead to significant impacts on process performance and product quality and therefore need to be tightly controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Djemal
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Heathcare, Merck KGaA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland.,Department of Applied Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Harald Kolmar
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Véronique Deparis
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Heathcare, Merck KGaA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
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Djemal L, Fournier C, von Hagen J, Kolmar H, Deparis V. Review: High temperature short time treatment of cell culture media and feed solutions to mitigate adventitious viral contamination in the biopharmaceutical industry. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3117. [PMID: 33372404 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Events of viral contaminations occurring during the production of biopharmaceuticals have been publicly reported by the biopharmaceutical industry. Upstream raw materials were often identified as the potential source of contamination. Viral contamination risk can be mitigated by inactivating or eliminating potential viruses of cell culture media and feed solutions. Different methods can be used alone or in combination on raw materials, cell culture media, or feed solutions such as viral inactivation technologies consisting mainly of high temperature short time, ultraviolet irradiation, and gamma radiation technologies or such as viral removal technology for instance nanofiltration. The aim of this review is to present the principle, the advantages, and the challenges of high temperature short time (HTST) technology. Here, we reviewed effectiveness of HTST treatment and its impact on media (filterability of media, degradation of components), on process performance (cell growth, cell metabolism, productivity), and product quality based on knowledge shared in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Djemal
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Merck KGaA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Clemence Fournier
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Merck KGaA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | | | - Harald Kolmar
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Véronique Deparis
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Merck KGaA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
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Hecklau C, Pering S, Seibel R, Schnellbaecher A, Wehsling M, Eichhorn T, Hagen JV, Zimmer A. S-Sulfocysteine simplifies fed-batch processes and increases the CHO specific productivity via anti-oxidant activity. J Biotechnol 2016; 218:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
In proteomics research, one essential step among enrichment techniques is subcellular fractionation. This is of special importance for analyzing intracellular organelles and multiprotein complexes. Subcellular fractionation is a flexible and adjustable approach to reducing sample complexity and is most efficiently combined with high-resolution 2-D gel/mass spectrometry analysis as well as with gel-independent techniques.
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Zimmer A, Mueller R, Wehsling M, Schnellbaecher A, von Hagen J. Improvement and simplification of fed-batch bioprocesses with a highly soluble phosphotyrosine sodium salt. J Biotechnol 2014; 186:110-8. [PMID: 25014403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fed-batch culture bioprocesses are currently used predominantly for the production of recombinant proteins, especially monoclonal antibodies. In these cultures, concentrated feeds are added during cultivation to prevent nutrient depletion, thus extending the cellular growth phase and increasing product concentrations. One limitation in these bioprocesses arises from the low solubility or stability of some compounds at high concentrations, in particular amino acids. This study describes the synthesis and evaluation of a phosphotyrosine disodium salt as a tyrosine source in fed-batch processes. This molecule is highly soluble in concentrated feeds at neutral pH. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the molecule is cleaved in the cell culture supernatant after processing by released phosphatases, leading to phosphate and free L-tyrosine which can be taken up by the cells. No intact phosphotyrosine was detected intracellularly or incorporated into the sequence of the monoclonal antibody. The use of this new molecule allows the simplification of fed-batch processes in large scale manufacturing via the implementation of neutral pH, highly concentrated feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Zimmer
- Merck Millipore, Pharm Chemical Solutions, Upstream Cell culture media R&D, Germany.
| | - Ronja Mueller
- Merck Millipore, Pharm Chemical Solutions, Upstream Cell culture media R&D, Germany
| | - Maria Wehsling
- Merck Millipore, Pharm Chemical Solutions, Upstream Cell culture media R&D, Germany
| | - Alisa Schnellbaecher
- Merck Millipore, Pharm Chemical Solutions, Upstream Cell culture media R&D, Germany
| | - Joerg von Hagen
- Merck Millipore, Pharm Chemical Solutions, Upstream Cell culture media R&D, Germany
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Mueller R, Joy-Hillesheim I, El Bagdadi K, Wehsling M, Jasper C, von Hagen J, Zimmer A. Improved fed-batch bioprocesses using chemically modified amino acids in concentrated feeds. BMC Proc 2013. [PMCID: PMC3980642 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-7-s6-p46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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