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Ko B, Kim J, Yang Y, Badloe T, Park J, Ko JH, Jeong M, Kang H, Jung C, Song YM, Rho J. Humidity-Responsive RGB-Pixels via Swelling of 3D Nanoimprinted Polyvinyl Alcohol. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204469. [PMID: 36373672 PMCID: PMC9839877 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Humidity-responsive structural coloration is actively investigated to realize real-time humidity sensors for applications in smart farming, food storage, and healthcare management. Here, humidity-tunable nano pixels are investigated with a 700 nm resolution that demonstrates full standard RGB (sRGB) gamut coverage with a millisecond-response time. The color pixels are designed as Fabry-Pérot (F-P) etalons which consist of an aluminum mirror substrate, humidity-responsive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) spacer, and a top layer of disordered silver nanoparticles (NPs). The measured volume change of the PVA reaches up to 62.5% when the relative humidity (RH) is manipulated from 20 to 90%. The disordered silver NP layer permits the penetration of water molecules into the PVA layer, enhancing the speed of absorption and swelling down to the millisecond level. Based on the real-time response of the hydrogel-based F-P etalons with a high-throughput 3D nanoimprint technique, a high-resolution multicolored color print that can have potential applications in display technologies and optical encryption, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Park
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)Gwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)Gwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
- POSCO‐POSTECH‐RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and MetaphotonicsPohang37673Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
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2
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Wang HC, Martin OJF. Pitfalls in the spectral measurements of polarization-altering metasurfaces. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:8100-8107. [PMID: 36255932 DOI: 10.1364/ao.469399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The optical characterization of metasurfaces and nanostructures that alter the polarization of light is tricky and can lead to unphysical results, such as reflectance beyond unity. We track the origin of such pitfalls to the response of some typical optical components used in a commercial microscope or a custom-made setup. In particular, the beam splitter and some mirrors have different responses for both polarizations and can produce wrong results. A simple procedure is described to correct these erroneous results, based on the optical characterization of the different components in the optical setup. With this procedure, the experimental results match the numerical simulations perfectly. The methodology described here is simple and will enable the accurate spectral measurements of nanostructures and metasurfaces that alter the polarization of the incoming light.
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3
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Cerjan B, Gerislioglu B, Link S, Nordlander P, Halas NJ, Griep MH. Towards scalable plasmonic Fano-resonant metasurfaces for colorimetric sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:405201. [PMID: 35732108 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7b33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transitioning plasmonic metasurfaces into practical, low-cost applications requires meta-atom designs that focus on ease of manufacturability and a robustness with respect to structural imperfections and nonideal substrates. It also requires the use of inexpensive, earth-abundant metals such as Al for plasmonic properties. In this study, we focus on combining two aspects of plasmonic metasurfaces-visible coloration and Fano resonances-in a morphology amenable to scalable manufacturing. The resulting plasmonic metasurface is a candidate for reflective colorimetric sensing. We examine the potential of this metasurface for reflective strain sensing, where the periodicity of the meta-atoms could ultimately be modified by a potential flexion, and for localized surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensing. This study evaluates the potential of streamlined meta-atom design combined with low-cost metallization for inexpensive sensor readout based on human optical perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cerjan
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Burak Gerislioglu
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Stephan Link
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, United States of America
| | - Mark H Griep
- US Army Research Laboratory, 4600 Deer Creek Loop, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, United States of America
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4
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Oh DK, Lee T, Ko B, Badloe T, Ok JG, Rho J. Nanoimprint lithography for high-throughput fabrication of metasurfaces. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2021; 14:229-251. [PMID: 36637666 PMCID: PMC9743954 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-021-1121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are composed of periodic sub-wavelength nanostructures and exhibit optical properties that are not found in nature. They have been widely investigated for optical applications such as holograms, wavefront shaping, and structural color printing, however, electron-beam lithography is not suitable to produce large-area metasurfaces because of the high fabrication cost and low productivity. Although alternative optical technologies, such as holographic lithography and plasmonic lithography, can overcome these drawbacks, such methods are still constrained by the optical diffraction limit. To break through this fundamental problem, mechanical nanopatterning processes have been actively studied in many fields, with nanoimprint lithography (NIL) coming to the forefront. Since NIL replicates the nanopattern of the mold regardless of the diffraction limit, NIL can achieve sufficiently high productivity and patterning resolution, giving rise to an explosive development in the fabrication of metasurfaces. In this review, we focus on various NIL technologies for the manufacturing of metasurfaces. First, we briefly describe conventional NIL and then present various NIL methods for the scalable fabrication of metasurfaces. We also discuss recent applications of NIL in the realization of metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on each method and suggest perspectives for future research on the high-throughput fabrication of active metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong G Ok
- Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (SEOULTECH), Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Nakayama B, Nakabayashi T, Esashika K, Hiruta Y, Saiki T. Interference-based wide-range dynamic tuning of the plasmonic color of single gold nanoparticles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:15001-15012. [PMID: 33985209 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic tuning of nanoscale coloration by exploiting localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) combined with an interference coloration mechanism is demonstrated experimentally. When interference between the scattering field from AuNPs and the reflected field from the substrate is observed under back-scattering white-light microscopy, the AuNPs exhibit various colors depending on their distance to the substrate. When the numerical aperture of the microscope objective is optimized, much greater coverage of the color space than was achieved with previously reported plasmon-based approaches is attained. Also, color tunability is examined by exploiting the temperature-induced volume change of a temperature-responsive hydrogel with embedded AuNPs to dynamically modify the distance to the substrate.
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6
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Kohri M. Progress in polydopamine-based melanin mimetic materials for structural color generation. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 21:833-848. [PMID: 33536837 PMCID: PMC7832497 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1852057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural color is a color derived from optical interaction between light and a microstructure and is often seen in nature. Natural melanin plays an important role in bright structural coloration. For example, the vivid colors of peacock feathers are due to structural colors. The periodic arrangement of melanin granules inside the feathers leads to light interference, and the black granules absorb scattered light well, resulting in bright structural color. In recent years, polydopamine (PDA) has attracted attention as a melanin mimetic material. This review article summarizes recent research on structural coloration using PDA-based artificial melanin materials. It also outlines possible applications using bright structural colors realized by artificial melanin materials and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Kohri
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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7
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Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhu X, Chen Y, Zhang S, Li P, Duan H. Periodic planar Fabry-Perot nanocavities with tunable interference colors based on filling density effects. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:551-557. [PMID: 33690428 DOI: 10.1364/ao.410211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors of high performance and economically feasible fabrication are desired in various applications. Herein, we demonstrate that reflective full-color filters based on the interference effect can be realized in periodic Fabry-Perot (F-P) nanocavity arrays of the same thickness. Enabled by simply adjusting the nanocavity size and array period, the resonant wavelengths can be successively tuned in the whole visible light range, which is mainly attributed to the varied effective refractive index introduced by the different filling density of the F-P nanocavity. Compared to the plasmonic colors utilizing the similar nanostructures, the proposed interference colors offer unique advantages of higher color contrast, wider gamut, and lower fabrication requirements. Besides, these color filters do not involve modulating the vertical dimensions of the F-P nanocavities, which is conducive to the monolithic integration of multicolor optical cavities and their large-area applications in consumable products combined with replica patterning techniques, such as nanoimprinting and soft lithography.
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8
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Kang HS, Jolly JC, Cho H, Kalpattu A, Zhang XA, Yang S. Three-Dimensional Photoengraving of Monolithic, Multifaceted Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005454. [PMID: 33169480 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces present a potent platform to manipulate light by the spatial arrangement of sub-wavelength patterns with well-defined sizes and geometries, in thin films. Metasurfaces by definition are planar. However, it would be highly desirable to integrate metasurfaces with diverse, spatially programmed sub-wavelength features into a 3D monolith, to manipulate light within a compact 3D space. Here, a 3D photoengraving strategy is presented; that is, generation of such composite metasurfaces from a single microstructure via the irradiation of multiple interference laser beams onto different facets of the parent azopolymeric microstructure. Through "photofluidization," this technique enables independent inscription and erasing of metasurfaces onto and from individual facets of 3D monoliths with arbitrary shapes and dimensions, in a high-throughput fashion (over approximately a few cm2 at a time). By engraving discrete sub-wavelength 1D surface relief gratings of different pitches on different facets of an inverse pyramidal array, a multiplexing structure-color filter is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Suk Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jason Christopher Jolly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hyesung Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Abhishek Kalpattu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xu A Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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9
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Akinoglu EM, Luo L, Dodge T, Guo L, Akinoglu GE, Wang X, Shui L, Zhou G, Naughton MJ, Kempa K, Giersig M. Extraordinary optical transmission in nano-bridged plasmonic arrays mimicking a stable weakly-connected percolation threshold. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:31425-31435. [PMID: 33115115 DOI: 10.1364/oe.403034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive sensors of various physical properties can be based on percolation systems, e.g., insulating media filled with nearly touching conducting particles. Such a system at its percolation threshold featuring the critical particle concentration, changes drastically its response (electrical conduction, light transmission, etc.) when subjected to an external stimulus. Due to the critical nature of this threshold, a given state at the threshold is typically very unstable. However, stability can be restored without significantly sacrificing the structure sensitivity by forming weak connections between the conducting particles. In this work, we employed nano-bridged nanosphere lithography to produce such a weakly connected percolation system. It consists of two coupled quasi-Babinet complementary arrays, one with weakly connected, and the other with disconnected metallic islands. We demonstrate via experiment and simulation that the physics of this plasmonic system is non-trivial, and leads to the extraordinary optical transmission at narrowly defined peaks sensitive to system parameters, with surface plasmons mediating this process. Thus, our system is a potential candidate for percolation effect based sensor applications. Promising detection schemes could be based on these effects.
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10
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Okatani T, Sekiguchi S, Hane K, Kanamori Y. Surface-plasmon-coupled optical force sensors based on metal-insulator-metal metamaterials with movable air gap. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14807. [PMID: 32908178 PMCID: PMC7481775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We proposed surface-plasmon-coupled optical force sensors based on metal–insulator–metal (MIM) metamaterials with a movable air gap as an insulator layer. The MIM metamaterial was composed of an air gap sandwiched by a metal nanodot array and a metal diaphragm, the resonant wavelength of which was red-shifted when the air gap was narrowed by applying a normal force. We designed and fabricated a prototype of the proposed sensor and confirmed that the MIM metamaterial could be used as a force sensor with larger sensitivity than a force sensor based on Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Okatani
- Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shota Sekiguchi
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hane
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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11
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Zang W, Yuan Q, Chen R, Li L, Li T, Zou X, Zheng G, Chen Z, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhu S. Chromatic Dispersion Manipulation Based on Metalenses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904935. [PMID: 31823480 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are 2D metamaterials composed of subwavelength nanoantennas according to specific design. They have been utilized to precisely manipulate various parameters of light fields, such as phase, polarization, amplitude, etc., showing promising functionalities. Among all meta-devices, the metalens can be considered as the most basic and important application, given its significant advantage in integration and miniaturization compared with traditional lenses. However, the resonant dispersion of each nanoantenna in a metalens and the intrinsic chromatic dispersion of planar devices and optical materials result in a large chromatic aberration in metalenses that severely reduces the quality of their focusing and imaging. Consequently, how to effectively suppress or manipulate the chromatic aberration of metalenses has attracted worldwide attention in the last few years, leading to variety of excellent achievements promoting the development of this field. Herein, recent progress in chromatic dispersion control based on metalenses is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Run Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tianyue Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiujuan Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Gaige Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210093, China
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12
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Watanabe R, Mita M, Okamoto T, Isobe T, Nakajima A, Matsushita S. Aluminium metal-insulator-metal structure fabricated by the bottom-up approach. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2271-2275. [PMID: 36133391 PMCID: PMC9418675 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00082e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic color is an elegant color resulting from light absorption and emission induced by collective oscillation of free electrons in a metal and enables unprecedented new color expression. In particular, Al plasmonic color is highly desirable because of the low cost and high stability of Al. Here, we report a new cost-effective, wide-area fabrication method for an Al metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic nanostructure using a vapor deposition and sintering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Watanabe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology S7-7 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Mai Mita
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology S7-7 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | | | - Toshihiro Isobe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology S7-7 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology S7-7 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Sachiko Matsushita
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology S7-7 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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13
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Shahin Shahidan MF, Song J, James TD, Roberts A. Multilevel nanoimprint lithography with a binary mould for plasmonic colour printing. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2177-2184. [PMID: 36132510 PMCID: PMC9416936 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00038h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pigment-free colouration based on plasmonic resonances has recently attracted considerable attention for potential in manufacturing and other applications. For plasmonic colour utilizing the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configuration, the generated colour is not only dependent on the geometry and transverse dimensions, but also to the size of the vertical gap between the metal nanoparticles and the continuous metal film. The complexity of conventional fabrication methods such as electron beam lithography (EBL), however, limits the capacity to control this critical parameter. Here we demonstrate the straightforward production of plasmonic colour via UV-assisted nanoimprint lithography (NIL) with a simple binary mould and demonstrate the ability to control this gap distance in a single print by harnessing the nanofluidic behaviour of the polymer resist through strategic mould design. We show that this provides a further avenue for controlling the colour reflected by the resulting plasmonic pixels as an adjunct to the conventional approach of tailoring the transverse dimensions of the nanostructures. Our experimental results exhibit wide colour coverage of the CIE 1931 XY colour space through careful control of both the length and periodicity and the resulting vertical gap size of the structure during the nanoimprinting process. Furthermore, to show full control over the vertical dimension, we show that a fixed gap size can be produced by introducing complementary microcavities in the vicinity of the nanostructures on the original mould. This demonstrates a simple method for obtaining an additional degree of freedom in NIL not only for structural colouration but also for other industrial applications such as high-density memory, biosensors and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingchao Song
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne 3010 Australia
| | - Timothy D James
- Reserve Bank of Australia Craigieburn Victoria 3064 Australia
| | - Ann Roberts
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne 3010 Australia
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Moisset C, Verrone RN, Bourgade A, Zeweldi GT, Minissale M, Gallais L, Perrin-Pellegrino C, Akhouayri H, Lumeau J, Natoli JY, Iliopoulos K. Giant ultrafast optical nonlinearities of annealed Sb 2Te 3 layers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1427-1430. [PMID: 36132322 PMCID: PMC9418777 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00796b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of thin Sb2Te3 films in order to obtain giant ultrafast optical nonlinearities is reported. The ultrafast nonlinearities of the thin film layers are studied by the Z-scan technique. Giant saturable absorption is obtained, which is the highest ever reported, by means of the Z-scan technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Moisset
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
| | | | - Antoine Bourgade
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
| | | | | | - Laurent Gallais
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
| | | | - Hassan Akhouayri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
| | - Julien Lumeau
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
| | - Jean-Yves Natoli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel Marseille France
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15
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Near-field sub-diffraction photolithography with an elastomeric photomask. Nat Commun 2020; 11:805. [PMID: 32041949 PMCID: PMC7010681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photolithography is the prevalent microfabrication technology. It needs to meet resolution and yield demands at a cost that makes it economically viable. However, conventional far-field photolithography has reached the diffraction limit, which imposes complex optics and short-wavelength beam source to achieve high resolution at the expense of cost efficiency. Here, we present a cost-effective near-field optical printing approach that uses metal patterns embedded in a flexible elastomer photomask with mechanical robustness. This technique generates sub-diffraction patterns that are smaller than 1/10th of the wavelength of the incoming light. It can be integrated into existing hardware and standard mercury lamp, and used for a variety of surfaces, such as curved, rough and defect surfaces. This method offers a higher resolution than common light-based printing systems, while enabling parallel-writing. We anticipate that it will be widely used in academic and industrial productions. Photolithography is an established microfabrication technique but commonly uses costly shortwavelength light sources to achieve high resolution. Here the authors use metal patterns embedded in a flexible elastomer photomask with mechanical robustness for generation of subdiffraction patterns as a cost effective near-field optical printing approach.
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16
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Mudachathi R, Tanaka T. 3D conical helix metamaterial-based isotropic broadband perfect light absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:26369-26376. [PMID: 31674520 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and fabrication of an isotropic broadband perfect light absorber in the near-infrared range using 3D metamaterials with a single resonator in the unit cell. The metamaterial resonator is comprised of a gold conical helix supported on a silicon pillar with back reflector realized on a silicon substrate. Simulations and experiments have demonstrated that the proposed absorber achieves a broad absorption band of more than 3 µm in the 1.5-4.5 µm wavelength range with an average absorbance of more than 90%. The numerical and experimental analyses show that the proposed device can provide both incident angle and polarization independent operations, which further widens the application prospects of our device.
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17
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Toma M, Tawa K. Plasmonic coloration of silver nanodome arrays for a smartphone-based plasmonic biosensor. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3699-3708. [PMID: 36133538 PMCID: PMC9417651 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the utility of plasmonic coloration on silver nanodome arrays for sensitive and quantitative detection of biomolecules using a smartphone-based sensor is proposed. In particular, a quantitative analysis of DNA hybridization was achieved using the hue angle in the HSV color space obtained from a photograph of a sensing spot taken using a smartphone camera. Silver and gold nanodome arrays consisting of a polystyrene bead layer covered with a thin metal film can be created over a large area by a bottom-up fabrication process. The metal nanodome arrays exhibited unique colorations which can be tuned by the dome diameter ϕ, metal species, and refractive index of the surrounding medium. The measurement of the bulk refractive index sensitivity revealed that the Ag nanodome with ϕ = 500 nm can provide the highest sensitivity of up to 588 nm per refractive index unit. The detection of DNA hybridization was performed by using a bimetallic nanodome consisting of silver and thin gold overlayers and DNA modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for enhancing the sensor signals. Upon the immobilization of AuNPs, the Ag nanodome (ϕ = 200 nm) exhibited a large shift in the resonance wavelength accompanied by a dramatic change in coloration. The analysis of detection sensitivity of DNA hybridization using a model system revealed that colorimetric detection based on hue can be used for the quantitative detection of biomolecules in the same manner as the spectroscopic method with a few pM level of detectable concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Toma
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University Sanda Japan 669-1337
| | - Keiko Tawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University Sanda Japan 669-1337
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18
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Akinoglu GE, Akinoglu EM, Kempa K, Giersig M. Plasmon resonances in coupled Babinet complementary arrays in the mid-infrared range. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:22939-22950. [PMID: 31510578 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.022939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic structure with transmission highly tunable in the mid-infrared spectral range is developed. This structure consists of a hexagonal array of metallic discs located on top of silicon pillars protruding through holes in a metallic Babinet complementary film. We reveal with FDTD simulations that changing the hole diameter tunes the main plasmonic resonance frequency of this structure throughout the infrared range. Due to the underlying Babinet physics of these coupled arrays, the spectral width of these plasmonic resonances is strongly reduced, and the higher harmonics are suppressed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this structure can be easily produced by a combination of the nanosphere lithography and the metal-assisted chemical etching technique.
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19
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Zhao J, Yu X, Zhou K, Yang X, Yu Y. Wide-Gamut and Polarization-Independent Structural Color at Optical Sub-diffraction-Limit Spatial Resolution Based on Uncoupled LSPPs. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:214. [PMID: 31240401 PMCID: PMC6593036 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The decreasing pixel size of digital image sensors for high-resolution imaging brings a great challenge for the matching color filters. Currently, the conventional dye color filters with pixel size of several microns set a fundamental limit for the imaging resolution. Here, we put forward a kind of structural color filter with circular nanohole-nanodisk hybrid nanostructure arrays at sub-diffraction-limit spatial resolution based on the uncoupled localized surface plasmon polaritons (LSPPs). Due to the uncoupled LSPPs taking effect, the pixel could generate an individual color even though operating as a single element. The pixel size for the minimum color filtering is as small as 180 × 180 nm2, translating into printing pixels at a resolution of ~ 141,000 dots per inch (dpi). In addition, through both the experimental and numerical investigations, the structural color thus generated exhibits wide color gamut, large viewing angle, and polarization independence. These results indicate that the proposed structural color can have enormous potential for diverse applications in nanoscale optical filters, microscale images for security purposes, and high-density optical data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Xiaochang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Kui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Yiting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 China
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20
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Kim SJ, Choi HK, Lee H, Hong SH. Solution-Processable Nanocrystal-Based Broadband Fabry-Perot Absorber for Reflective Vivid Color Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7280-7287. [PMID: 30746932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural reflective colors based on Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity resonances have attracted tremendous interest for diverse applications, such as color decoration and printing, display, and imaging devices. However, the asymmetric F-P cavity-based reflective colors proposed to date have low color purity and have difficulty to realize a desired vivid color because of a narrow absorption band characteristic in the visible light region. Here, a solution-processed, F-P ultra-broadband light absorber is newly proposed using a high lossy nanoporous material for vivid color generation. An asymmetric metal-insulator-metal structure consists of a high lossy nanoporous metallic film with coupled silver nanocrystals (Ag NCs) as the top layer. The absorbers not only increase the maximum absorption intensity up to ∼98% but also widen the bandwidth by 300 nm, resulting in high color purity in micrometer-scale pixels. Furthermore, the solution-based absorber shows potential to realize a high-resolution display pixel and anticounterfeiting devices having mechanical flexibility using the inkjet printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-dong 5-1 , Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Choi
- ICT Materials & Components Research Laboratory , ETRI , 218 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-700 , Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea University , Anam-dong 5-1 , Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Hong
- ICT Materials & Components Research Laboratory , ETRI , 218 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-700 , Republic of Korea
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21
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Abdolahi M, Jiang H, Patel D, Kaminska B. Nickel stamp origination from generic SU-8 nanostructure arrays patterned with improved thermal development and reshaping. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:405303. [PMID: 29998849 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad2f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show that rapid, reliable, and scalable custom-input colour patterning and eye-readable data storage can be achieved through high-throughput nanoimprinting-exposure-thermal-treatment (NETT) and thermal development and reshaping (TDR) techniques. The main impediment for commercial realization of high-resolution metasurfaces using NETT and TDR is the cost and speed of stamp origination as well as the quality and durability of the fabricated stamp. In order to accelerate the patterning process, lower the fabrication costs, and obtain patterns with high-resolution, we introduce and optimize a new method for origination of durable Ni stamps by electroplating on an SU-8 master fabricated according to custom-input colour patterns via NETT and TDR. In these processes, laser exposure is used to locally activate the generic RGB pixels fabricated on SU-8 via thermal nanoimprint lithography (NIL), according to the custom design. Upon TDR treatment, the exposed regions crosslink while the unexposed areas flatten. TDR is optimized to find the fastest processing condition that results in minimum nanocone height reduction and maximum diffraction efficiency. AFM results show that the TDR-processed nanocones in all red, green, and blue subpixels witness minimal shrinkage in comparison with the corresponding as-imprinted RGB pixels. Among three different sets of direct baking and ramping temperature TDR experiments, direct 55 °C-10 min TDR is found to be the optimal recipe. As a proof-of-concept, the originated stamp was employed to replicate colour images on PET and glass substrates using UV-thermal NIL. The reproduced colour image, photographed at pre-defined lighting and viewing angles, bears vivid diffractive colours with different RGB ratios that are in good match with the custom-input image. Furthermore, the red, green, and blue diffraction peaks from the TDR-55 °C-baked sample exhibit either trivial or no distinguishable difference as compared to the corresponding peaks in the as-imprinted sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahssa Abdolahi
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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22
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Lee T, Jang J, Jeong H, Rho J. Plasmonic- and dielectric-based structural coloring: from fundamentals to practical applications. NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:1. [PMID: 29375956 PMCID: PMC5762775 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-017-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Structural coloring is production of color by surfaces that have microstructure fine enough to interfere with visible light; this phenomenon provides a novel paradigm for color printing. Plasmonic color is an emergent property of the interaction between light and metallic surfaces. This phenomenon can surpass the diffraction limit and achieve near unlimited lifetime. We categorize plasmonic color filters according to their designs (hole, rod, metal-insulator-metal, grating), and also describe structures supported by Mie resonance. We discuss the principles, and the merits and demerits of each color filter. We also discuss a new concept of color filters with tunability and reconfigurability, which enable printing of structural color to yield dynamic coloring at will. Approaches for dynamic coloring are classified as liquid crystal, chemical transition and mechanical deformation. At the end of review, we highlight a scale-up of fabrication methods, including nanoimprinting, self-assembly and laser-induced process that may enable real-world application of structural coloring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuck Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Heonyeong Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
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23
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Nagasaki Y, Suzuki M, Takahara J. All-Dielectric Dual-Color Pixel with Subwavelength Resolution. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7500-7506. [PMID: 29141150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An all-dielectric optical antenna supporting Mie resonances enables light confinement below the free-space diffraction limit. The Mie scattering wavelengths of the antenna depend on the structural geometry, which allows the antennas to be used for colored imprint images. However, there is still room for improving the spatial resolution, and new polarization-dependent color functionalities are highly desirable for realizing a wider color-tuning range. Here, we show all-dielectric color printing by means of dual-color pixels with a subwavelength-scale resolution. The simple nanostructures fabricated with monocrystalline silicon exhibit various brilliant reflection color by tuning the physical dimensions of each antenna. The designed nanostructures possess polarization-dependent properties that make it possible to create overlaid color images. The pixels will generate individual color even if operating as a single element, resulting in the achievement of subwavelength-resolution encoding without color mixing. This printing strategy could be used to further extend the degree of freedom in structural color design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nagasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Photonics Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masafumi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Photonics Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Takahara
- Graduate School of Engineering and ‡Photonics Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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