1
|
Palma E, Vesk PA, Catford JA. Building trait datasets: effect of methodological choice on a study of invasion. Oecologia 2022; 199:919-935. [PMID: 35976442 PMCID: PMC9464113 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trait-based approaches are commonly used to understand ecological phenomena and processes. Trait data are typically gathered by measuring local specimens, retrieving published records, or a combination of the two. Implications of methodological choices in trait-based ecological studies—including source of data, imputation technique, and species selection criteria—are poorly understood. We ask: do different approaches for dataset-building lead to meaningful differences in trait datasets? If so, do these differences influence findings of a trait-based examination of plant invasiveness, measured as abundance and spread rate? We collected on-site (Victoria, Australia) and off-site (TRY database) height and specific leaf area records for as many species as possible out of 157 exotic herbaceous plants. For each trait, we built six datasets of species-level means using records collected on-site, off-site, on-site and off-site combined, and off-site supplemented via imputation based on phylogeny and/or trait correlations. For both traits, the six datasets were weakly correlated (ρ = 0.31–0.95 for height; ρ = 0.14–0.88 for SLA), reflecting differences in species’ trait values from the various estimations. Inconsistencies in species’ trait means across datasets did not translate into large differences in trait-invasion relationships. Although we did not find that methodological choices for building trait datasets greatly affected ecological inference about local invasion processes, we nevertheless recommend: (1) using on-site records to answer local-scale ecological questions whenever possible, and (2) transparency around methodological decisions related to selection of study species and estimation of missing trait values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Palma
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Peter A Vesk
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jane A Catford
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Geography, King's College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Del Rio-Hortega L, Martín-Forés I, Castro I, De Miguel JM, Acosta-Gallo B. Network-based analysis reveals differences in plant assembly between the native and the invaded ranges. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.72.72066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Associated with the introduction of alien species in a new area, interactions with other native species within the recipient community occur, reshaping the original community and resulting in a unique assemblage. Yet, the differences in community assemblage between native and invaded ranges remain unclear. Mediterranean grasslands provide an excellent scenario to study community assembly following transcontinental naturalisation of plant species. Here, we compared the community resemblance of plant communities in Mediterranean grasslands from both the native (Spain) and invaded (Chile) ranges. We used a novel approach, based on network analysis applied to co-occurrence analysis in plant communities, allowing us to study the co-existence of native and alien species in central Chile. This useful methodology is presented as a step forward in invasion ecology studies and conservation strategies. We found that community structure differed between the native and the invaded range, with alien species displaying a higher number of connections and, therefore, acting as keystones to sustain the structure within the invaded community. Alien species acting like keystones within the Chilean grassland communities might exacerbate the threat posed by biological invasions for the native biodiversity assets. Controlling the spread of the alien species identified here as keystones should help managing potential invasion in surrounding areas. Network analyses is a free, easy-to-implement and straightforward visual tool that can be widely used to reveal shifts in native communities and elucidate the role of multiple invaders into communities.
Collapse
|
3
|
McCulloch-Jones E, Kraaij T, Crouch N, Fritz H. The effect of horticultural trade on establishment success in alien terrestrial true ferns (Polypodiophyta). Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Ҫiҫek SS, Willer J, Preziuso F, Sönnichsen F, Greil R, Girreser U, Zidorn C, Jöhrer K. Cytotoxic constituents and a new hydroxycinnamic acid derivative from Leontodon saxatilis (Asteraceae, Cichorieae). RSC Adv 2021; 11:10489-10496. [PMID: 35423597 PMCID: PMC8695733 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10973h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our ongoing research for the discovery of new constituents with antimyeloma activity, we investigated 15 compounds present in the aerial parts of Leontodon saxatilis for their cytotoxic potential against NCI-H929, U266, and OPM2 cell lines. One of the isolated compounds displayed a new natural product and was identified as 5-feruloyl-2α-hydroxyquinic acid after LC-MS and NMR experiments. Of the remaining compounds, cichoric acid and three flavone glycosides, apigenin 4′-O-β-d-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-β-d-glucoside and luteolin 4′-O-β-d-glucoside, showed moderate cytotoxic activity, whereas the effects of two aglyones apigenin and luteolin were more pronounced. Though the cytotoxic potential of the two aglycones (against other cell lines) was reported in various studies, our work moreover showed that cooccurrence of these two compounds with similar components of lower activity led to comparable results and at the same time minimized the damage of healthy fibroblast cells. Thus, our work could be a starting point for additional studies on the synergistic effect of similar components against myeloma cell lines. Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Leontodon saxatilis yielded six compounds with antimyeloma activity as well as crepidiaside A as a chemophenetic marker and 5-feruloyl-2α-hydroxyquinic acid as a new hydroxycinnamic acid derivative.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Sezai Ҫiҫek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University Gutenbergstraße 76 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Johanna Willer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University Gutenbergstraße 76 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Francesca Preziuso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University Gutenbergstraße 76 24118 Kiel Germany .,Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara Via dei Verstini 31 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH) Italy
| | - Frank Sönnichsen
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, Kiel University Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 Kiel Germany
| | - Richard Greil
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute Innrain 66 6020 Innsbruck Austria.,Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Department of Internal Medicine III, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research Müllner Hauptstraße 48 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Ulrich Girreser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Kiel University Gutenbergstraße 76 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University Gutenbergstraße 76 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Karin Jöhrer
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute Innrain 66 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Functional segregation of resource-use strategies of native and invasive plants across Mediterranean biome communities. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Johnson JS, Cantrell RS, Cosner C, Hartig F, Hastings A, Rogers HS, Schupp EW, Shea K, Teller BJ, Yu X, Zurell D, Pufal G. Rapid changes in seed dispersal traits may modify plant responses to global change. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz020. [PMID: 31198528 PMCID: PMC6548345 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
When climatic or environmental conditions change, plant populations must either adapt to these new conditions, or track their niche via seed dispersal. Adaptation of plants to different abiotic environments has mostly been discussed with respect to physiological and demographic parameters that allow local persistence. However, rapid modifications in response to changing environmental conditions can also affect seed dispersal, both via plant traits and via their dispersal agents. Studying such changes empirically is challenging, due to the high variability in dispersal success, resulting from environmental heterogeneity, and substantial phenotypic variability of dispersal-related traits of seeds and their dispersers. The exact mechanisms that drive rapid changes are often not well understood, but the ecological implications of these processes are essential determinants of dispersal success, and deserve more attention from ecologists, especially in the context of adaptation to global change. We outline the evidence for rapid changes in seed dispersal traits by discussing variability due to plasticity or genetics broadly, and describe the specific traits and biological systems in which variability in dispersal is being studied, before discussing some of the potential underlying mechanisms. We then address future research needs and propose a simulation model that incorporates phenotypic plasticity in seed dispersal. We close with a call to action and encourage ecologists and biologist to embrace the challenge of better understanding rapid changes in seed dispersal and their consequences for the reaction of plant populations to global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Johnson
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Dorena Genetic Resource Center, USDA Forest Service, Cottage Grove, OR, USA
| | | | - Chris Cosner
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alan Hastings
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Haldre S Rogers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eugene W Schupp
- Department of Wildland Resources & Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Katriona Shea
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Brittany J Teller
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Damaris Zurell
- Department of Geography, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Land Change and Science, Swiss Federal Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Gesine Pufal
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bakhtiari M, Formenti L, Caggìa V, Glauser G, Rasmann S. Variable effects on growth and defense traits for plant ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity along elevation gradients. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3740-3755. [PMID: 31015963 PMCID: PMC6468067 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Along ecological gradients, phenotypic differentiation can arise through natural selection on trait diversity and magnitude, and environment-driven plastic changes. The magnitude of ecotypic differentiation versus phenotypic plasticity can vary depending on the traits under study. Using reciprocal transplant-common gardens along steep elevation gradients, we evaluated patterns of ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of several growth and defense-related traits for two coexisting but unrelated plant species, Cardamine pratensis and Plantago major. For both species, we observed ecotypic differentiation accompanied by plasticity in growth-related traits. Plants grew faster and produced more biomass when placed at low elevation. In contrast, we observed fixed ecotypic differentiation for defense and resistance traits. Generally, low-elevation ecotypes produced higher chemical defenses regardless of the growing elevation. Yet, some plasticity was observed for specific compounds, such as indole glucosinolates. The results of this study may suggest that ecotypic differentiation in defense traits is maintained by costs of chemical defense production, while plasticity in growth traits is regulated by temperature-driven growth response maximization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moe Bakhtiari
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | | | - Veronica Caggìa
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
- Institute of Plant ScienceUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tchokponhoué DA, N'Danikou S, Houéto JS, Achigan-Dako EG. Shade and nutrient-mediated phenotypic plasticity in the miracle plant Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5135. [PMID: 30914788 PMCID: PMC6435671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity as a change of genotype expression in response to environmental heterogeneity varies in magnitude among crop species and can induce a shift in a plant’s phenology. In Synsepalum dulcificum, a West African orphan fruit tree, such phenological plasticity is not well understood. Here, we hypothesize that light stimulation and changes in organic nutrient availability would induce an accelerated transition in S. dulcificum from its juvenile to its reproductive phase. We grew 14-month-old seedlings of S. dulcificum under a range of nutrient regimes, both in shade and in full sunlight, and measured their survival, vegetative growth, biomass allocation, and transition to reproductive maturity. The results reveal that S. dulcificum responds favourably to both shading and nutrient application, with the shading exhibiting a stronger influence on the measured variables. The species’ morphological plasticity, particularly in terms of plant height and stem diameter, was found to exceed both its fitness and allocational plasticities. Under the conditions examined, we observed an accelerated transition to fruiting, at an age of only 24 months. The observed plasticity suggests S. dulcificum to be an intermediate shade-tolerant species. This finding expands our knowledge on the appropriate environmental conditions for the breeding and cultivation of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dèdéou A Tchokponhoué
- Laboratory of Genetics, Horticulture and Seed Science (GBioS), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin.
| | - Sognigbé N'Danikou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Horticulture and Seed Science (GBioS), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
| | - Jacob S Houéto
- Laboratory of Genetics, Horticulture and Seed Science (GBioS), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
| | - Enoch G Achigan-Dako
- Laboratory of Genetics, Horticulture and Seed Science (GBioS), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martín-Forés I, Casado MA, Castro I, del Pozo A, Molina-Montenegro M, De Miguel JM, Acosta-Gallo B. Variation in phenology and overall performance traits can help to explain the plant invasion process amongst Mediterranean ecosystems. NEOBIOTA 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.41.29965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant traits such as phenological development, growth rate, stress tolerance and seeds production may play an important role in the process of acclimatisation to new environments for introduced plants. Experiments that distinguish phenotypic plasticity from ecotypic differentiation would allow an understanding of the role of plant traits in the invasion process. We quantified the variation in phenological and overall performance traits associated with the invasion process for three herbaceous species native to Spain and invasive to Chile (Trifoliumglomeratum, Hypochaerisglabra and Leontodonsaxatilis). We grew plants from native and exotic populations along rainfall gradients in outdoor common gardens, located in the native and the introduced ranges and measured plant survival, phenology (days to flowering), biomass and seed output. Days to flowering was positively correlated with precipitation of the origin population for T.glomeratum and the native populations of H.glabra, but this pattern was not adaptive, as it was not associated with an increase in performance traits of these species. Phenology may instead reflect ecotypic differentiation to the environmental conditions of the original populations. Comparison between ranges (i.e. performance in both common gardens) was only possible for L.saxatilis. This species showed little variation in phenology and both native and exotic populations had higher fitness in the introduced range. This suggests that plasticity enhances invasiveness through increased propagule pressure in the novel environment. Our findings highlight the utility of common garden experiments in examining patterns of phenological and performance traits that relate to species invasiveness.
Collapse
|
10
|
Martín-Forés I, Acosta-Gallo B, Castro I, de Miguel JM, del Pozo A, Casado MA. The invasiveness of Hypochaeris glabra (Asteraceae): Responses in morphological and reproductive traits for exotic populations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198849. [PMID: 29902275 PMCID: PMC6002075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have been interested in many topics driven by biological invasions, such as shifts in the area of distribution of plant species and rapid evolution. Invasiveness of exotic plant species depends on variations on morphological and reproductive traits potentially associated with reproductive fitness and dispersal ability, which are expected to undergo changes during the invasion process. Numerous Asteraceae are invasive and display dimorphic fruits, resulting in a bet-hedging dispersal strategy –wind-dispersed fruits versus animal-dispersed fruits–. We explored phenotypic differentiation in seed morphology and reproductive traits of exotic (Chilean) and native (Spanish) populations of Hypochaeris glabra. We collected flower heads from five Spanish and five Chilean populations along rainfall gradients in both countries. We planted seeds from the ten populations in a common garden trial within the exotic range to explore their performance depending on the country of origin (native or exotic) and the environmental conditions at population origin (precipitation and nutrient availability). We scored plant biomass, reproductive traits and fruit dimorphism patterns. We observed a combination of bet-hedging strategy together with phenotypic differentiation. Native populations relied more on bet-hedging while exotic populations always displayed greater proportion of wind-dispersed fruits than native ones. This pattern may reflect a strategy that might entail a more efficient long distance dispersal of H. glabra seeds in the exotic range, which in turn can enhance the invasiveness of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martín-Forés
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences (BGC-MNCN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
| | | | - Isabel Castro
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. de Miguel
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel A. Casado
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|