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Song BPC, Ch'ng ACW, Lim TS. Review of phage display: A jack-of-all-trades and master of most biomolecule display. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128455. [PMID: 38013083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Phage display was first described by George P. Smith when it was shown that virus particles were capable of presenting foreign proteins on their surface. The technology has paved the way for the evolution of various biomolecules presentation and diverse selection strategies. This unique feature has been applied as a versatile platform for numerous applications in drug discovery, protein engineering, diagnostics, and vaccine development. Over the decades, the limits of biomolecules displayed on phage particles have expanded from peptides to proteomes and even alternative scaffolds. This has allowed phage display to be viewed as a versatile display platform to accommodate various biomolecules ranging from small peptides to larger proteomes which has significantly impacted advancements in the biomedical industry. This review will explore the vast array of biomolecules that have been successfully employed in phage display technology in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Pei Chui Song
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Angela Chiew Wen Ch'ng
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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2
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Alassiri M, Lai JY, Ch'ng ACW, Choong YS, Alanazi A, Lim TS. Subtractive panning for the isolation of monoclonal PEPITEM peptide antibody by phage display. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13627. [PMID: 37604859 PMCID: PMC10442400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody phage display is a key tool for the development of monoclonal antibodies against various targets. However, the development of anti-peptide antibodies is a challenging process due to the small size of peptides for binding. This makes anchoring of peptides a preferred approach for panning experiments. A common approach is by using streptavidin as the anchor protein to present biotinylated peptides for panning. Here, we propose the use of recombinant expression of the target peptide and an immunogenic protein as a fusion for panning. The peptide inhibitor of trans-endothelial migration (PEPITEM) peptide sequence was fused to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) α-crystalline (AC) as an anchor protein. The panning process was carried out by subtractive selection of the antibody library against the AC protein first, followed by binding to the library to PEPITEM fused AC (PEPI-AC). A unique monoclonal scFv antibodies with good specificity were identified. In conclusion, the use of an alternative anchor protein to present the peptide sequence coupled with subtractive panning allows for the identification of unique monoclonal antibodies against a peptide target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alassiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Angela Chiew Wen Ch'ng
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Asma Alanazi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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3
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Khim Chan S, Yi Lai J, Gan CY, Soon Lim T. A Semi-Rational Mutagenesis Approach For Improved Substrate Activity Of Microbial Transglutaminase. Food Chem 2023; 419:136070. [PMID: 37030209 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
A higher specific activity of microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) is desirable for a broad range of applications ranging from food industry to biotechnology. Three-dimensional docking simulation of mTGase revealed that residues V65, W69, and Y75 were critical for substrate recognition. A semi-rational mutagenesis approach was applied to each residue to generate three separate mini mutant libraries. A high-throughput screening process identified five mutants that demonstrated improved specific activities than the wild type (WT) mTGase were isolated from the Y75 mini mutant library. Mutant Y75L showed approximately 60% increment in specific activity and improved substrate specificity. Conjugation of two heterologous single-chain fragment variable clones to generate a diabody with mutant Y75L was successfully performed and validated. This work demonstrates the successful application of semi-rational mutagenesis coupled with a high-throughput screening approach to identify mTGase mutants with improved specific activities and specificities which are beneficial for protein-protein conjugation.
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4
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Ch'ng ACW, Schepergerdes L, Choong YS, Hust M, Lim TS. Antimicrobial antibodies by phage display: Identification of antibody-based inhibitor against mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase. Mol Immunol 2022; 150:47-57. [PMID: 35987135 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence reports of antibiotic resistance highlights the need for alternative approaches to deal with bacterial infections. This brought about the idea of utilizing monoclonal antibodies as an alternative antibacterial treatment. Majority of the studies are focused on developing antibodies to bacterial surface antigens, with little emphasis on antibodies that inhibit the growth mechanisms of a bacteria host. Isocitrate lyase (ICL) is an important enzyme for the growth and survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) during latent infection as a result of its involvement in the mycobacterial glyoxylate and methylisocitrate cycles. It is postulated that the inhibition of ICL can disrupt the life cycle of MTB. To this extent, we utilized antibody phage display to identify a single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody against the recombinant ICL protein from MTB. The soluble a-ICL-C6 scFv clone exhibited good binding characteristics with high specificity against ICL. More importantly, the clone exhibited in vitro inhibitory effect with an enzymatic assay resulting in a decrease of ICL enzymatic activity. In silico analysis showed that the scFv-ICL interactions are driven by 23 hydrogen bonds and 13 salt bridges that might disrupt the formation of ICL subunits for the tertiary structure or the formation of active site β domain. However, further validation is necessary to confirm if the isolated clone is indeed a good inhibitor against ICL for application against MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chiew Wen Ch'ng
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Lena Schepergerdes
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Michael Hust
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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5
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Understanding and Modulating Antibody Fine Specificity: Lessons from Combinatorial Biology. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11030048. [PMID: 35892708 PMCID: PMC9326607 DOI: 10.3390/antib11030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial biology methods such as phage and yeast display, suitable for the generation and screening of huge numbers of protein fragments and mutated variants, have been useful when dissecting the molecular details of the interactions between antibodies and their target antigens (mainly those of protein nature). The relevance of these studies goes far beyond the mere description of binding interfaces, as the information obtained has implications for the understanding of the chemistry of antibody–antigen binding reactions and the biological effects of antibodies. Further modification of the interactions through combinatorial methods to manipulate the key properties of antibodies (affinity and fine specificity) can result in the emergence of novel research tools and optimized therapeutics.
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6
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Takaichi M, Osawa K, Nomoto R, Nakanishi N, Kameoka M, Miura M, Shigemura K, Kinoshita S, Kitagawa K, Uda A, Miyara T, Mertaniasih NM, Hadi U, Raharjo D, Yulistiani R, Fujisawa M, Kuntaman K, Shirakawa T. Antibiotic Resistance in Non-Typhoidal Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Chicken Meat in Indonesia. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050543. [PMID: 35631064 PMCID: PMC9143091 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) has been confirmed in Indonesia by this study. We confirmed the virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical NTS (n = 50) isolated from chicken meat in Indonesia and also detected antimicrobial resistance genes. Of 50 strains, 30 (60%) were non-susceptible to nalidixic acid (NA) and all of them had amino acid mutations in gyrA. Among 27 tetracycline (TC) non-susceptible strains, 22 (81.5%) had tetA and/or tetB. The non-susceptibility rates to ampicillin, gentamicin or kanamycin were lower than that of NA or TC, but the prevalence of blaTEM or aadA was high. Non-susceptible strains showed a high prevalence of virulence genes compared with the susceptible strains (tcfA, p = 0.014; cdtB, p < 0.001; sfbA, p < 0.001; fimA, p = 0.002). S. Schwarzengrund was the most prevalent serotype (23 strains, 46%) and the most frequently detected as multi-antimicrobial resistant. The prevalence of virulence genes in S. Schwarzengrund was significantly higher than other serotypes in hlyE (p = 0.011) and phoP/Q (p = 0.011) in addition to the genes above. In conclusion, NTS strains isolated from Indonesian chicken had a high resistance to antibiotics and many virulence factors. In particular, S. Schwarzengrund strains were most frequently detected as multi-antimicrobial resistant and had a high prevalence of virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Takaichi
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.T.); (M.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kayo Osawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe 653-0838, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe 650-0046, Japan; (R.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Noriko Nakanishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe 650-0046, Japan; (R.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Masanori Kameoka
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.T.); (M.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Makiko Miura
- Department of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe 653-0838, Japan;
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.T.); (M.K.); (K.S.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Shohiro Kinoshita
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Koichi Kitagawa
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Atsushi Uda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.U.); (T.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.U.); (T.M.)
| | - Ni Made Mertaniasih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia; (N.M.M.); (U.H.)
| | - Usman Hadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia; (N.M.M.); (U.H.)
| | - Dadik Raharjo
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.R.); (K.K.)
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Yulistiani
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia;
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Kuntaman Kuntaman
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia; (D.R.); (K.K.)
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Toshiro Shirakawa
- Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (M.F.); (T.S.)
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (S.K.); (K.K.)
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7
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McGuire MK, Randall AZ, Seppo AE, Järvinen KM, Meehan CL, Gindola D, Williams JE, Sellen DW, Kamau-Mbuthia EW, Kamundia EW, Mbugua S, Moore SE, Prentice AM, Foster JA, Otoo GE, Rodríguez JM, Pareja RG, Bode L, McGuire MA, Campo JJ. Multipathogen Analysis of IgA and IgG Antigen Specificity for Selected Pathogens in Milk Produced by Women From Diverse Geographical Regions: The INSPIRE Study. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614372. [PMID: 33643297 PMCID: PMC7905217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides defense against infectious disease during early life. The mechanisms underlying this protection are complex but likely include the vast array of immune cells and components, such as immunoglobulins, in milk. Simply characterizing the concentrations of these bioactives, however, provides only limited information regarding their potential relationships with disease risk in the recipient infant. Rather, understanding pathogen and antigen specificity profiles of milk-borne immunoglobulins might lead to a more complete understanding of how maternal immunity impacts infant health and wellbeing. Milk produced by women living in 11 geographically dispersed populations was applied to a protein microarray containing antigens from 16 pathogens, including diarrheagenic E. coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogens of global health concern, and specific IgA and IgG binding was measured. Our analysis identified novel disease-specific antigen responses and suggests that some IgA and IgG responses vary substantially within and among populations. Patterns of antibody reactivity analyzed by principal component analysis and differential reactivity analysis were associated with either lower-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) or high-income countries (HICs). Antibody levels were generally higher in LMICs than HICs, particularly for Shigella and diarrheagenic E. coli antigens, although sets of S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and some M. tuberculosis antigens were more reactive in HICs. Differential responses were typically specific to canonical immunodominant antigens, but a set of nondifferential but highly reactive antibodies were specific to antigens possibly universally recognized by antibodies in human milk. This approach provides a promising means to understand how breastfeeding and human milk protect (or do not protect) infants from environmentally relevant pathogens. Furthermore, this approach might lead to interventions to boost population-specific immunity in at-risk breastfeeding mothers and their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Arlo Z Randall
- Antigen Discovery Incorporated, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Antti E Seppo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Courtney L Meehan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Debela Gindola
- Department of Anthropology, Hawassa University, Awasa, Ethiopia
| | - Janet E Williams
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Daniel W Sellen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Samwel Mbugua
- Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - James A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Gloria E Otoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mark A McGuire
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Joseph J Campo
- Antigen Discovery Incorporated, Irvine, CA, United States
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8
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Mohd Ali MR, Sum JS, Aminuddin Baki NN, Choong YS, Nor Amdan NA, Amran F, Lim TS. Development of monoclonal antibodies against recombinant LipL21 protein of pathogenic Leptospira through phage display technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:289-300. [PMID: 33310091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal zoonosis that is caused by spirochete Leptospira. The signs and symptoms of leptospirosis are usually varied, allowing it to be mistaken for other causes of acute febrile syndromes. Thus, early diagnosis and identification of a specific agent in clinical samples is crucial for effective treatment. This study was aimed to develop specific monoclonal antibodies against LipL21 antigen for future use in leptospirosis rapid and accurate immunoassay. A recombinant LipL21 (rLipL21) antigen was optimized for expression and evaluated for immunogenicity. Then, a naïve phage antibody library was utilized to identify single chain fragment variable (scFv) clones against the rLipL21 antigen. A total of 47 clones were analysed through monoclonal phage ELISA. However, after taking into consideration the background OD405 values, only 4 clones were sent for sequencing to determine human germline sequences. The sequence analysis showed that all 4 clones are identical. The in silico analysis of scFv-lip-1 complex indicated that the charged residues of scFv CDRs are responsible for the recognition with rLipL21 epitopes. The generated monoclonal antibody against rLipL21 will be evaluated as a detection reagent for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ridhuan Mohd Ali
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), 40170 Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Jia Siang Sum
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Najian Aminuddin Baki
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), 40170 Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyura Nor Amdan
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), 40170 Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Fairuz Amran
- Bacteriology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Center (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), 40170 Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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9
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Gibani MM, Jones E, Barton A, Jin C, Meek J, Camara S, Galal U, Heinz E, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Obermoser G, Jones C, Campbell D, Black C, Thomaides-Brears H, Darlow C, Dold C, Silva-Reyes L, Blackwell L, Lara-Tejero M, Jiao X, Stack G, Blohmke CJ, Hill J, Angus B, Dougan G, Galán J, Pollard AJ. Investigation of the role of typhoid toxin in acute typhoid fever in a human challenge model. Nat Med 2019; 25:1082-1088. [PMID: 31270506 PMCID: PMC6892374 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhi is a human host-restricted pathogen that is responsible for typhoid fever in approximately 10.9 million people annually1. The typhoid toxin is postulated to have a central role in disease pathogenesis, the establishment of chronic infection and human host restriction2–6. However, its precise role in typhoid disease in humans is not fully defined. We studied the role of typhoid toxin in acute infection using a randomized, double-blind S. Typhi human challenge model7. Forty healthy volunteers were randomized (1:1) to oral challenge with 104 colony-forming units of wild-type or an isogenic typhoid toxin deletion mutant (TN) of S. Typhi. We observed no significant difference in the rate of typhoid infection (fever ≥38 °C for ≥12 h and/or S. Typhi bacteremia) between participants challenged with wild-type or TN S. Typhi (15 out of 21 (71%) versus 15 out of 19 (79%); P = 0.58). The duration of bacteremia was significantly longer in participants challenged with the TN strain compared with wild-type (47.6 hours (28.9–97.0) versus 30.3(3.6–49.4); P ≤ 0.001). The clinical syndrome was otherwise indistinguishable between wild-type and TN groups. These data suggest that the typhoid toxin is not required for infection and the development of early typhoid fever symptoms within the context of a human challenge model. Further clinical data are required to assess the role of typhoid toxin in severe disease or the establishment of bacterial carriage. Typhoid toxin is not essential for the pathogenesis of typhoid fever in healthy humans challenged with Salmonella Typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malick M Gibani
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK. .,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Amber Barton
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Celina Jin
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Juliette Meek
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Susana Camara
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Ushma Galal
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eva Heinz
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerlinde Obermoser
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claire Jones
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Danielle Campbell
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte Black
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Helena Thomaides-Brears
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Darlow
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Silva-Reyes
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Luke Blackwell
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Lara-Tejero
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xuyao Jiao
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gabrielle Stack
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christoph J Blohmke
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Hill
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian Angus
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jorge Galán
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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Vijayababu P, Samykannu G, Antonyraj CB, Narayanan S, Basheer Ahamed SI, Perumal P, Piramanayagam S. B-cell and T-cell epitope identification with stability analysis of AI-2 import ATP-binding cassette LsrA from S. typhiIn silico approach. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:487-495. [PMID: 30098402 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Typhoid fever is a severe illness in humans, caused by Salmonella typhi, a Gram-negative bacterium. Membrane proteins of S. typhi have strong potential for its use in development of subunit vaccine against typhoid. In current study, peptide-based subunit vaccine constructed from AI-2 import ATP-binding cassette transporter protein (LsrA) against S. typhi. B-cell and T-cell epitopes were identified at fold level with validated 3-D theoretical modelled structure. T-cell epitope from LsrA (LELPGSRPQ) has binds to maximum number (82.93%) of MHC class I and class II alleles. LsrA epitope was docked with HLA-DR4 and contact map were constructed to analyze molecular interaction (docking) studies. Simulation search for the binding site for full flexibility of the peptide from CABS-dock shows the stable interactions. MD simulation analysis reveals that LsrA epitope was binding and interacting firmly with the HLA-DR4. Hence, we are proposing that LsrA epitope would be a prominent epitope vaccine for human specific pathogen of S. typhi, which requires further steps to be elevated as a vaccine drug in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princy Vijayababu
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gopinath Samykannu
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - SundaraBaalaji Narayanan
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Perumal Perumal
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shanmughavel Piramanayagam
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Injampa S, Muenngern N, Pipattanaboon C, Benjathummarak S, Boonha K, Hananantachai H, Wongwit W, Ramasoota P, Pitaksajjakul P. Generation and characterization of cross neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against 4 serotypes of dengue virus without enhancing activity. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4021. [PMID: 29152418 PMCID: PMC5689018 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue disease is a leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics. Most severe cases occur among patients secondarily infected with a different dengue virus (DENV) serotype compared with that from the first infection, resulting in antibody-dependent enhancement activity (ADE). Our previous study generated the neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, D23-1B3B9 (B3B9), targeting the first domain II of E protein, which showed strong neutralizing activity (NT) against all four DENV serotypes. However, at sub-neutralizing concentrations, it showed ADE activity in vitro. Methods In this study, we constructed a new expression plasmid using the existing IgG heavy chain plasmid as a template for Fc modification at position N297Q by site-directed mutagenesis. The resulting plasmid was then co-transfected with a light chain plasmid to produce full recombinant IgG (rIgG) in mammalian cells (N297Q-B3B9). This rIgG was characterized for neutralizing and enhancing activity by using different FcγR bearing cells. To produce sufficient quantities of B3B9 rIgG for further characterization, CHO-K1 cells stably secreting N297Q-B3B9 rIgG were then established. Results The generated N297Q-B3B9 rIgG which targets the conserved N-terminal fusion loop of DENV envelope protein showed the same cross-neutralizing activity to all four DENV serotypes as those of wild type rIgG. In both FcγRI- and RII-bearing THP-1 cells and FcγRII-bearing K562 cells, N297Q-B3B9 rIgG lacked ADE activity against all DENV serotypes at sub-neutralizing concentrations. Fortunately, the N297Q-B3B9 rIgG secreted from stable cells showed the same patterns of NT and ADE activities as those of the N297Q-B3B9 rIgG obtained from transient expression against DENV2. Thus, the CHO-K1 stably expressing N297Q-B3B9 HuMAb can be developed as high producer stable cells and used to produce sufficient amounts of antibody for further characterization as a promising dengue therapeutic candidate. Discussion Human monoclonal antibody, targeted to fusion loop of envelope domainII (EDII), was generated and showed cross-neutralizing activity to 4 serotypes of DENV, but did not cause any viral enhancement activity in vitro. This HuMAb could be further developed as therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subenya Injampa
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nataya Muenngern
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlatip Pipattanaboon
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surachet Benjathummarak
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khwanchit Boonha
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hathairad Hananantachai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranya Wongwit
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pannamthip Pitaksajjakul
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Reserach, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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