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Rani B, Yadav JK, Saini P, Pandey AP, Dixit A. Aluminum-air batteries: current advances and promises with future directions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17628-17663. [PMID: 38832240 PMCID: PMC11145468 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to their attractive energy density of about 8.1 kW h kg-1 and specific capacity of about 2.9 A h g-1, aluminum-air (Al-air) batteries have become the focus of research. Al-air batteries offer significant advantages in terms of high energy and power density, which can be applied in electric vehicles; however, there are limitations in their design and aluminum corrosion is a main bottleneck. Herein, we aim to provide a detailed overview of Al-air batteries and their reaction mechanism and electrochemical characteristics. This review emphasizes each component/sub-component including the anode, electrolyte, and air cathode together with strategies to modify the electrolyte, air-cathode, and even anode for enhanced performance. The latest advancements focusing on the specific design of Al-air batteries and their rechargeability characteristics are discussed. Finally, the constraints and prospects of their use in mobility applications are also covered in depth. Thus, the present review may pave the way for researchers and developers working in energy storage solutions to look beyond lithium/sodium ion-based storage solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Rani
- Advanced Material and Devices Laboratory (A-MAD), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan 342030 India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Yadav
- Advanced Material and Devices Laboratory (A-MAD), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan 342030 India
| | - Priyanka Saini
- Advanced Material and Devices Laboratory (A-MAD), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan 342030 India
| | - Anant Prakash Pandey
- Advanced Material and Devices Laboratory (A-MAD), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan 342030 India
| | - Ambesh Dixit
- Advanced Material and Devices Laboratory (A-MAD), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Rajasthan 342030 India
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2
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Ran L, Xu Y, Zhu X, Chen S, Qiu X. Mn Single-Atom Tuning Fe-N-C Catalyst Enables Highly Efficient and Durable Oxygen Electrocatalysis and Zinc-Air Batteries. ACS NANO 2024; 18:750-760. [PMID: 38150590 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Fe-N-C catalyst is one of most promising candidates for oxygen electrocatalysis reaction in zinc-air batteries (ZABs), but achieving sustained high activity is still a challenging issue. Herein, we demonstrate that introducing Mn single atoms into Fe-N-C (Mn1@Fe-N-C/CNTs) enables the realization of highly efficient and durable oxygen electrocatalysis performance and application in ZABs. Multiple characterizations confirm that Mn1@Fe-N-C/CNTs is equipped with Mn-N2O2 and Fe-N4 sites and Fe nanoparticles. The Mn-N2O2 sites not only tune the electron structure of Fe-Nx sites to enhance intrinsic activity, but also scavenge the attack of radicals from Fe-Nx sites for improvement in ORR durability. As a result, Mn1@Fe-N-C/CNTs exhibits enhanced ORR performance to traditional Fe-N-C catalysts with high E1/2 of 0.89 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and maintains ORR activity after 15 000 CV. Impressively, Mn1@Fe-N-C/CNTs also presents excellent OER activity and the difference (ΔE) between E1/2 of ORR and OER potential at 10 mA cm-2 (Ej10) is only 0.59 V, outperforming most reported catalysts. In addition, the maintainable bifunctional activity of Mn1@Fe-N-C/CNTs is demonstrated in ZABs with almost unchanged cycle voltage efficiency up to 200 h. This work highlights the critical role of Mn single atoms in enhancing ORR activity and stability, promoting the development of advanced catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ran
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xinwang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shanyong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Nayem SMA, Islam S, Mohamed M, Shaheen Shah S, Ahammad AJS, Aziz MA. A Mechanistic Overview of the Current Status and Future Challenges of Aluminum Anode and Electrolyte in Aluminum-Air Batteries. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300005. [PMID: 36807755 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum-air batteries (AABs) are regarded as attractive candidates for usage as an electric vehicle power source due to their high theoretical energy density (8100 Wh kg-1 ), which is considerably higher than that of lithium-ion batteries. However, AABs have several issues with commercial applications. In this review, we outline the difficulties and most recent developments in AABs technology, including electrolytes and aluminum anodes, as well as their mechanistic understanding. First, the impact of the Al anode and alloying on battery performance is discussed. Then we focus on the impact of electrolytes on battery performances. The possibility of enhancing electrochemical performances by adding inhibitors to electrolytes is also investigated. Additionally, the use of aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes in AABs is also discussed. Finally, the challenges and potential future research areas for the advancement of AABs are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Abu Nayem
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Santa Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Mostafa Mohamed
- Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM, Box 5047, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shaheen Shah
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - A J Saleh Ahammad
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM, Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- K.A.CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Islam S, Nayem SMA, Anjum A, Shaheen Shah S, Ahammad AJS, Aziz MA. A Mechanistic Overview of the Current Status and Future Challenges in Air Cathode for Aluminum Air Batteries. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300017. [PMID: 37010435 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum air batteries (AABs) are a desirable option for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high theoretical energy density (8100 Wh K-1 ), low cost, and high safety compared to state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, numerous unresolved technological and scientific issues are preventing AABs from expanding further. One of the key issues is the catalytic reaction kinetics of the air cathode as the fuel (oxygen) for AAB is reduced there. Additionally, the performance and price of an AAB are directly influenced by an air electrode integrated with an oxygen electrocatalyst, which is thought to be the most crucial element. In this study, we covered the oxygen chemistry of the air cathode as well as a brief discussion of the mechanistic insights of active catalysts and how they catalyze and enhance oxygen chemistry reactions. There is also extensive discussion of research into electrocatalytic materials that outperform Pt/C such as nonprecious metal catalysts, metal oxide, perovskites, metal-organic framework, carbonaceous materials, and their composites. Finally, we provide an overview of the present state, and possible future direction for air cathodes in AABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - S M Abu Nayem
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Ahtisham Anjum
- Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM, Box 5047, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shaheen Shah
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8520, Japan
| | - A J Saleh Ahammad
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- K.A.CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Yan S, Feng Y, Lin J, Wang Y. Metal-Redox Bicatalysis Batteries for Energy Storage and Chemical Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212078. [PMID: 36841953 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
New types of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices based on redox electrocatalytic reactions possess great potential in renewable energy to maximize energy utilization and balance environmental issues. The typical device is the metal-redox bicatalysis battery, where the cathode is redox bifunctional catalyst (named as redox bicatalyst) with gas, solid, liquid as active reactants while anode is metal, driven by cathodic redox electrocatalytic reactions during charge/discharge processes, which promotes the energy storage and chemical production. In this system, the metal anode, redox-bicatalyst cathode, electrolytes, and the redox electrochemical reactions can be modified and adjusted to achieve the optimal energy conversion and utilization. Therefore, the deep understanding of the electrochemical system is conducive to designing new devices to meet the demand among various applications, including energy storage and conversion. In this review, the authors clarify the fundamentals and design principles of the rechargeable/reversible metal-redox bicatalysis batteries and how each part affects the devices in energy conversion and chemical production. The authors summarize the electrocatalytic reduction/oxidation reactions, the reported systems relied on redox reactions, and the corresponding redox bicatalysts. Finally, a perspective of the key challenges and the possible new types of metal-redox bicatalysis batteries for efficient energy utilization and chemical production are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YangQiao West Road 155#, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YangQiao West Road 155#, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YangQiao West Road 155#, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yaobing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, YangQiao West Road 155#, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
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Fan X, Zhong C, Liu J, Ding J, Deng Y, Han X, Zhang L, Hu W, Wilkinson DP, Zhang J. Opportunities of Flexible and Portable Electrochemical Devices for Energy Storage: Expanding the Spotlight onto Semi-solid/Solid Electrolytes. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17155-17239. [PMID: 36239919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for flexible and portable electronics has stimulated research and development in building advanced electrochemical energy devices which are lightweight, ultrathin, small in size, bendable, foldable, knittable, wearable, and/or stretchable. In such flexible and portable devices, semi-solid/solid electrolytes besides anodes and cathodes are the necessary components determining the energy/power performances. By serving as the ion transport channels, such semi-solid/solid electrolytes may be beneficial to resolving the issues of leakage, electrode corrosion, and metal electrode dendrite growth. In this paper, the fundamentals of semi-solid/solid electrolytes (e.g., chemical composition, ionic conductivity, electrochemical window, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and other attractive features), the electrode-electrolyte interfacial properties, and their relationships with the performance of various energy devices (e.g., supercapacitors, secondary ion batteries, metal-sulfur batteries, and metal-air batteries) are comprehensively reviewed in terms of materials synthesis and/or characterization, functional mechanisms, and device assembling for performance validation. The most recent advancements in improving the performance of electrochemical energy devices are summarized with focuses on analyzing the existing technical challenges (e.g., solid electrolyte interphase formation, metal electrode dendrite growth, polysulfide shuttle issue, electrolyte instability in half-open battery structure) and the strategies for overcoming these challenges through modification of semi-solid/solid electrolyte materials. Several possible directions for future research and development are proposed for going beyond existing technological bottlenecks and achieving desirable flexible and portable electrochemical energy devices to fulfill their practical applications. It is expected that this review may provide the readers with a comprehensive cross-technology understanding of the semi-solid/solid electrolytes for facilitating their current and future researches on the flexible and portable electrochemical energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou350207, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Jia Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Yida Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Xiaopeng Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Energy, Mining & Environment, National Research Council of Canada, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou350207, China
| | - David P Wilkinson
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Energy, Mining & Environment, National Research Council of Canada, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1W5, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1W5, Canada
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou350108, China
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Aslan E, Hatay Patir I. In Situ Generated Copper Nanoparticles on Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO/Cu) for Biphasic Hydrogen Evolution. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Aslan
- Selçuk Üniversitesi: Selcuk Universitesi Biochemistry TURKEY
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Wang M, Meng AC, Fu J, Foucher AC, Serra-Maia R, Stach EA, Detsi E, Pikul JH. Surface Facet Engineering in Nanoporous Gold for Low-Loading Catalysts in Aluminum-Air Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13097-13105. [PMID: 33715346 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance of metal-air batteries and fuel cells depends on the speed and efficiency of electrochemical oxygen reduction reactions at the cathode, which can be improved by engineering the atomic arrangement of cathode catalysts. It is, however, difficult to improve upon the performance of platinum nanoparticles in alkaline electrolytes with low-loading catalysts that can be manufactured at scale. Here, the authors synthesized nanoporous gold catalysts with increased (100) surface facets using electrochemical dealloying in sodium citrate surfactant electrolytes. These modified nanoporous gold catalysts achieved an 8% higher operating voltage and 30% greater power density in aluminum-air batteries over traditionally prepared nanoporous gold, and their performance was superior to commercial platinum nanoparticle electrodes at a 10 times lower mass loading. The authors used rotation disc electrode studies, backscattering of electrons, and underpotential deposition to show that the increased (100) facets improved the catalytic activity of citrate dealloyed nanoporous gold compared to conventional nanoporous gold. The citrate dealloyed samples also had the highest stability and least concentration of steps and kinks. The developed synthesis and characterization techniques will enable the design and synthesis of metal nanostructured catalysts with controlled facets for low-cost and mass production of metal-air battery cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andrew C Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jintao Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alexandre C Foucher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rui Serra-Maia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric Detsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James H Pikul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Ren Y, Zhao H, Li J, Wang R, Wei Z. Facile preparation of a Ag/graphene electrocatalyst with high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15650-15655. [PMID: 35495472 PMCID: PMC9052539 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small Ag nanoparticles are well dispersed onto graphene sheets via a simple and environmentally friendly route using disposable paper-cups. The obtained Ag/graphene materials exhibit much higher catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction than the conventional Ag/graphene catalyst does in alkaline media. Ag/graphene composite with small and well-dispersed Ag nanoparticles anchored onto the surface of graphene was prepared via a simple route from a disposal paper-cup, and exhibited superior electrocatalytic property for the oxygen reduction reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Ren
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering
- Chengdu Technological University
- Chengdu
- China
- Center of Big Data for Smart Environmental Protection
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan
- China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Huizhou University
- Huizhou
- China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering
- Chengdu Technological University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Zhaohuan Wei
- School of Physics
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power
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Shen LL, Zhang GR, Biesalski M, Etzold BJM. Paper-based microfluidic aluminum-air batteries: toward next-generation miniaturized power supply. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3438-3447. [PMID: 31556903 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00574a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based microfluidics (lab on paper) emerges as an innovative platform for building small-scale devices for sensing, diagnosis, and energy storage/conversions due to the power-free fluidic transport capability of paper via capillary action. Herein, we report for the first time that paper-based microfluidic concept can be employed to fabricate high-performing aluminum-air batteries, which entails the use of a thin sheet of fibrous capillary paper sandwiched between an aluminum foil anode and a catalyst coated graphite foil cathode without using any costly air electrode or external pump device for fluid transport. The unique microfluidic configuration can help overcome the major drawbacks of conventional aluminum-air batteries including battery self-discharge, product-induced electrode passivation, and expensive and complex air electrodes which have long been considered as grand obstacles to aluminum-air batteries penetrating the market. The paper-based microfluidic aluminum-air batteries are not only miniaturized in size, easy to fabricate and cost-effective, but they are also capable of high electrochemical performance. With a specific capacity of 2750 A h kg-1 (@20 mA cm-2) and an energy density of 2900 W h kg-1, they are 8.3 and 12.6 times higher than those of the non-fluidic counterpart and significantly outperform many other miniaturized energy sources, respectively. The superior performance of microfluidic aluminum-air batteries originates from the remarkable efficiency of paper capillarity in transporting electrolyte along with O2 to electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Liu Shen
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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11
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Combining Al-air battery with paper-making industry, a novel type of flexible primary battery technology. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ryu J, Park M, Cho J. Advanced Technologies for High-Energy Aluminum-Air Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804784. [PMID: 30393999 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum-air batteries are considered as next-generation batteries owing to their high energy density with the abundant reserves, low cost, and lightweight of aluminum. However, there are several hurdles to be overcome, such as the sluggish rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the air electrode, precipitation of aluminum hydroxides and oxides at the anode, and severe hydrogen evolution problems at the interface of the anode and the electrolyte. Here, recent advances in silver metal and metal-nitrogen-carbon-based ORR electrocatalysts, aluminum anodes, electrolytes, and the requirements of future research directions are mainly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaechan Ryu
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoon Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaephil Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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