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Mokhtarpour N, Sterling A, Garcia JJ, Gutierrez-Rivera L, Senevirathne P, Luisa Kadekaro A, Merino EJ. Identification of a Noxo1 inhibitor by addition of a polyethylene glycol chain. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 85:117274. [PMID: 37031566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a heterogeneous group of highly reactive ions and molecules derived from molecular oxygen (O2) which can cause DNA damage and lead to skin cancer. NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is a major producer of ROS in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet light. Functionally, Nox1 forms a holoenzyme complex that generates two superoxide molecules and reduces NADPH. The signaling activation occurs when the organizer subunit Noxo1 translocates to the plasma membrane bringing a cytochrome p450, through interaction with Cyba. We propose to design inhibitors that prevent Cyba-Noxo1 binding as a topical application to reduce UV-generated ROS in human skin cells. Design started from an apocynin backbone structure to generate a small molecule to serve as an anchor point. The initial compound was then modified by addition of a polyethylene glycol linked biotin. Both inhibitors were found to be non-toxic in human keratinocyte cells. Further in vitro experiments using isothermal calorimetric binding quantification showed the modified biotinylated compound bound Noxo1 peptide with a KD of 2 nM. Both using isothermal calorimetric binding and MALDI (TOF) MS showed that binding of a Cyba peptide to Noxo1 was blocked. In vivo experiments were performed using donated skin explants with topical application of the two inhibitors. Experiments show that ultraviolet light exposure of with the lead compound was able to reduce the amount of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers in DNA, a molecule known to lead to carcinogenesis. Further synthesis showed that the polyethylene glycol but not the biotin was essential for inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Mokhtarpour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alyssa Sterling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joshua J Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Education, California Health Science University, Clovis, CA, United States
| | - Laura Gutierrez-Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Education, California Health Science University, Clovis, CA, United States
| | - Prasadini Senevirathne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ana Luisa Kadekaro
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Edward J Merino
- Department of Biomedical Education, California Health Science University, Clovis, CA, United States
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2
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Zhang C, Gao X, Li M, Yu X, Huang F, Wang Y, Yan Y, Zhang H, Shi Y, He X. The role of mitochondrial quality surveillance in skin aging: Focus on mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101917. [PMID: 36972842 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and the first line of defense against environmental hazards. Many factors, including internal factors such as natural aging and external factors such as ultraviolet radiation and air pollution, can lead to skin aging. Mitochondria provide sufficient energy to maintain the high-speed turnover capacity of the skin, so the quality control of mitochondria plays an indispensable role in this process. Mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy are the key steps in mitochondrial quality surveillance. They are coordinated to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and restore damaged mitochondrial function. All of the mitochondrial quality control processes are related to skin aging caused by various factors. Therefore, fine-tuning regulation of the above process is of great significance to the skin aging problem that needs to be solved urgently. This article mainly reviews the physiological and environmental factors causing skin aging, the effects of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy on skin aging, as well as their specific regulatory mechanisms. Finally, mitochondrial biomarkers for diagnosis of skin aging, and therapeutic approaches of skin aging via mitochondrial quality control were illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Minghe Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fanke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yueqi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xu He
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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3
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Negishi T, Xing F, Koike R, Iwasaki M, Wakasugi M, Matsunaga T. UVA causes specific mutagenic DNA damage through ROS production, rather than CPD formation, in Drosophila larvae. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 887:503616. [PMID: 37003653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that ultraviolet A (UVA) plays an important role in photo-carcinogenesis. However, the types of DNA damage involved in the resulting mutations remain unclear. Previously, using Drosophila, we found that UVA from light-emitting diode (LED-UVA) induces double-strand breaks in DNA through oxidative damage in an oxidative damage-sensitive (urate-null) strain. Recently, it was proposed that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which also are induced by UVA irradiation, might play a significant role in the induction of mutations. In the present study, we investigated whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CPDs are produced in larval bodies following LED-UVA irradiation. In addition, we assessed the somatic cell mutation rate in urate-null Drosophila induced by monochromatic UVA irradiation. The production of ROS through LED-UVA irradiation was markedly higher in the urate-null strain than in the wild-type Drosophila. CPDs were detected in the DNA of both of UVA- and UVB-irradiated larvae. The level of CPDs was unexpectedly higher in the wild-type strain than in urate-null flies following UVA irradiation, whereas this parameter was expectedly similar between the urate-null and wild-type Drosophila following UVB irradiation. The somatic cell mutation rate induced by UVA irradiation was higher in the urate-null strain than in the wild-type strain. These results suggest that mutations induced by UVA-specific pathways occur through ROS production, rather than via CPD formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Negishi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Fang Xing
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryota Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Manami Iwasaki
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Wakasugi
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsunaga
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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4
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Sutter J, Bruggeman PJ, Wigdahl B, Krebs FC, Miller V. Manipulation of Oxidative Stress Responses by Non-Thermal Plasma to Treat Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4673. [PMID: 36902102 PMCID: PMC10003306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a contagious pathogen with a large global footprint, due to its ability to cause lifelong infection in patients. Current antiviral therapies are effective in limiting viral replication in the epithelial cells to alleviate clinical symptoms, but ineffective in eliminating latent viral reservoirs in neurons. Much of HSV-1 pathogenesis is dependent on its ability to manipulate oxidative stress responses to craft a cellular environment that favors HSV-1 replication. However, to maintain redox homeostasis and to promote antiviral immune responses, the infected cell can upregulate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) while having a tight control on antioxidant concentrations to prevent cellular damage. Non-thermal plasma (NTP), which we propose as a potential therapy alternative directed against HSV-1 infection, is a means to deliver RONS that affect redox homeostasis in the infected cell. This review emphasizes how NTP can be an effective therapy for HSV-1 infections through the direct antiviral activity of RONS and via immunomodulatory changes in the infected cells that will stimulate anti-HSV-1 adaptive immune responses. Overall, NTP application can control HSV-1 replication and address the challenges of latency by decreasing the size of the viral reservoir in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sutter
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Peter J. Bruggeman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Fred C. Krebs
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Vandana Miller
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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5
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Anik MI, Mahmud N, Masud AA, Khan MI, Islam MN, Uddin S, Hossain MK. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4028-4054. [PMID: 36043942 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aging process has advanced significantly over the last two decades. In light of recent findings, ROS takes part in the aging process of cells along with contributing to various physiological signaling pathways. Antioxidants being cells' natural defense mechanism against ROS-mediated alteration, play an imperative role to maintain intracellular ROS homeostasis. Although the complete understanding of the ROS regulated aging process is yet to be fully comprehended, current insights into various sources of cellular ROS and their correlation with the aging process and age-related diseases are portrayed in this review. In addition, results on the effect of antioxidants on ROS homeostasis and the aging process as well as their advances in clinical trials are also discussed in detail. The future perspective in ROS-antioxidant dynamics on antiaging research is also marshaled to provide future directions for ROS-mediated antiaging research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzahidul I Anik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Niaz Mahmud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Masud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ishak Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Md Nurul Islam
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shihab Uddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - M Khalid Hossain
- Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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6
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Chaiprasongsuk A, Panich U. Role of Phytochemicals in Skin Photoprotection via Regulation of Nrf2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:823881. [PMID: 35645796 PMCID: PMC9133606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.823881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological studies have become increasingly valuable in the development of botanical products and their bioactive phytochemicals as novel and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for various diseases including skin photoaging and photodamage-related skin problems including abnormal pigmentation and inflammation. Exploring the roles of phytochemicals in mitigating ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin damage is thus of importance to offer insights into medicinal and ethnopharmacological potential for development of novel and effective photoprotective agents. UVR plays a role in the skin premature aging (or photoaging) or impaired skin integrity and function through triggering various biological responses of skin cells including apoptosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage and inflammation. In addition, melanin produced by epidermal melanocytes play a protective role against UVR-induced skin damage and therefore hyperpigmentation mediated by UV irradiation could reflect a sign of defensive response of the skin to stress. However, alteration in melanin synthesis may be implicated in skin damage, particularly in individuals with fair skin. Oxidative stress induced by UVR contributes to the process of skin aging and inflammation through the activation of related signaling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) in epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. ROS formation induced by UVR also plays a role in regulation of melanogenesis in melanocytes via modulating MAPK, PI3K/Akt and the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R)-microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) signaling cascades. Additionally, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated antioxidant defenses can affect the major signaling pathways involved in regulation of photoaging, inflammation associated with skin barrier dysfunction and melanogenesis. This review thus highlights the roles of phytochemicals potentially acting as Nrf2 inducers in improving photoaging, inflammation and hyperpigmentation via regulation of cellular homeostasis involved in skin integrity and function. Taken together, understanding the role of phytochemicals targeting Nrf2 in photoprotection could provide an insight into potential development of natural products as a promising strategy to delay skin photoaging and improve skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Uraiwan Panich,
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7
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Huang J, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Beneficial roles of the AhR ligand FICZ on the regenerative potentials of BMSCs and primed cartilage templates. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11505-11516. [PMID: 35425032 PMCID: PMC9007154 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00622g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are commonly used seed cells, and BMSC-derived primed cartilage templates have been shown to achieve bone regeneration in bone tissue engineering. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in various cellular processes such as osteogenesis and immune regulation. This study investigated the effects of the AhR endogenous ligand 6-formyl (3,2-b) carbazole (FICZ) on the behavior of BMSCs and cartilage templates as well as the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. AhR expressions in rat bone marrow and isolated BMSCs were detected via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescent staining. Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining showed that FICZ treatment enhanced the osteogenic potential of BMSCs without influencing their proliferation. FICZ was shown to alleviate the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, 6 and TNF-α via the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In the chondrogenic process from BMSCs to primed cartilage templates, the expressions of AhR and its target gene cytochrome P450 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B1) were inhibited. However, IHC staining demonstrated that AhR was still involved in the subcutaneous ossification of cartilage templates. Then, the effects of FICZ on cartilage templates were investigated. The osteogenic markers were upregulated by FICZ administration. The RAW 264.7 treated by condition medium of FICZ-treated cartilage templates exhibited an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Finally, high-throughput sequencing was applied to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the FICZ-treated cartilage templates. The upregulation of cytochrome P450 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1) and sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (Smpd3) were verified by qPCR, which might be the downstream targets of AhR in the cartilage templates promoting osteogenesis and macrophage polarization. These data implied a beneficial role of FICZ in the regenerative potentials of both BMSCs and primed cartilage templates. The FICZ/AhR axis might be a practical target to achieve optimal bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University 237 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079 China +86 27 87873260 +86 27 87686318
| | - Yining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University 237 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079 China +86 27 87873260 +86 27 87686318
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University 237 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079 China +86 27 87873260 +86 27 87686318
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
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8
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Freeman S, Kibler K, Lipsky Z, Jin S, German GK, Ye K. Systematic evaluating and modeling of SARS-CoV-2 UVC disinfection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5869. [PMID: 35393480 PMCID: PMC8988105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic has necessitated evaluating various disinfection technologies for reducing viral transmission in public settings. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can inactivate pathogens and viruses but more insight is needed into the performance of different UV wavelengths and their applications. We observed greater than a 3-log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity with a dose of 12.5 mJ/cm2 of 254 nm UV light when the viruses were suspended in PBS, while a dose of 25 mJ/cm2 was necessary to achieve a similar reduction when they were in an EMEM culture medium containing 2%(v/v) FBS, highlighting the critical effect of media in which the virus is suspended, given that SARS-CoV-2 is always aerosolized when airborne or deposited on a surface. It was found that SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility (a measure of the effectiveness of the UV light) in a buffer such as PBS was 4.4-fold greater than that in a cell culture medium. Furthermore, we discovered the attenuation of UVC disinfection by amino acids, vitamins, and niacinamide, highlighting the importance of determining UVC dosages under a condition close to aerosols that wrap the viruses. We developed a disinfection model to determine the effect of the environment on UVC effectiveness with three different wavelengths, 222 nm, 254 nm, and 265 nm. An inverse correlation between the liquid absorbance and the viral susceptibility was observed. We found that 222 nm light was most effective at reducing viral infectivity in low absorbing liquids such as PBS, whereas 265 nm light was most effective in high absorbing liquids such as cell culture medium. Viral susceptibility was further decreased in N95 masks with 222 nm light being the most effective. The safety of 222 nm was also studied. We detected changes to the mechanical properties of the stratum corneum of human skins when the 222 nm accumulative exposure exceeded 50 J/cm2.The findings highlight the need to evaluate each UV for a given application, as well as limiting the dose to the lowest dose necessary to avoid unnecessary exposure to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.,Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Karen Kibler
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Zachary Lipsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.,Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Guy K German
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.,Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA. .,Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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9
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Vogeley C, Rolfes KM, Krutmann J, Haarmann-Stemmann T. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Environmentally-Induced Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Skin. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841721. [PMID: 35311158 PMCID: PMC8927079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in humans and academia as well as public authorities expect a further increase of its incidence in the next years. The major risk factor for the development of SCC of the general population is the repeated and unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Another important risk factor, in particular with regards to occupational settings, is the chronic exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) which are formed during incomplete combustion of organic material and thus can be found in coal tar, creosote, bitumen and related working materials. Importantly, both exposomal factors unleash their carcinogenic potential, at least to some extent, by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and key regulator in xenobiotic metabolism and immunity. The AHR is expressed in all cutaneous cell-types investigated so far and maintains skin integrity. We and others have reported that in response to a chronic exposure to environmental stressors, in particular UV radiation and PAHs, an activation of AHR and downstream signaling pathways critically contributes to the development of SCC. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about AHR's role in skin carcinogenesis and focus on its impact on defense mechanisms, such as DNA repair, apoptosis and anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, we discuss the possible consequences of a simultaneous exposure to different AHR-stimulating environmental factors for the development of cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vogeley
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina M Rolfes
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Saleh MM, Lawrence KP, Jones SA, Young AR. The photoprotective properties of α-tocopherol phosphate against long-wave UVA1 (385 nm) radiation in keratinocytes in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22400. [PMID: 34789788 PMCID: PMC8599454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UVA1 radiation (340–400 nm), especially longwave UVA1 (> 370 nm), is often ignored when assessing sun protection due to its low sunburning potential, but it generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is poorly attenuated by sunscreens. This study aimed to investigate if α-tocopherol phosphate, (α-TP) a promising new antioxidant, could protect against long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenge UVA1 induced ROS in a skin cell model. HaCaT keratinocyte cell viability (24 h) was assessed with Alamar Blue and Neutral Red assays. The metabolism of α-TP into α-T, assessed using mass spectrometry, and the compound's radical scavenging efficacy, assessed by the dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H2DCFDA) ROS detection assay, was monitored in HaCaTs. The mechanism of α-TP ROS scavenging was determined using non-cell based DPPH and ORAC assays. In HaCaT keratinocytes, irradiated with 226 J/cm2 UVA1 in low-serum (2%, starved) cell culture medium, pretreatment with 80 µM α-TP significantly enhanced cell survival (88%, Alamar Blue) compared to control, whereas α-T pre-treatment had no effect survival (70%, Alamar Blue). Pre-treatment of cells with 100 μM α-TP or 100 μM α-T before 57 J/cm2 UVA1 also significantly reduced ROS generation over 2 h (24.1% and 23.9% respectively) compared to the control and resulted in α-TP bioconversion into α-T. As α-TP displayed weak antioxidant activity in the cell-free assays thus its photoprotection was assigned to its bioconversion to α-T by cellular phosphatases. Through this mechanism α-TP prevented long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenged UVA1 induced ROS in skin cells when added to the starved cell culture medium before UVA1 exposure by bioconversion into α-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - K P Lawrence
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - S A Jones
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - A R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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11
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Piccione M, Belloni Fortina A, Ferri G, Andolina G, Beretta L, Cividini A, De Marni E, Caroppo F, Citernesi U, Di Liddo R. Xeroderma Pigmentosum: General Aspects and Management. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1146. [PMID: 34834498 PMCID: PMC8624855 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic syndrome with a defective DNA nucleotide excision repair. It is characterized by (i) an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV)-induced damages in the skin and eyes; (ii) high risk to develop multiple skin tumours; and (iii) neurologic alterations in the most severe form. To date, the management of XP patients consists of (i) early diagnosis; (ii) a long-life protection from ultraviolet radiation, including avoidance of unnecessary UV exposure, wearing UV blocking clothing, and use of topical sunscreens; and (iii) surgical resections of skin cancers. No curative treatment is available at present. Thus, in the last decade, in order to prevent or delay the progression of the clinical signs of XP, numerous strategies have been proposed and tested, in some cases, with adverse effects. The present review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms featuring the development of XP and highlights both advantages and disadvantages of the clinical approaches developed throughout the years. The intention of the authors is to sensitize scientists to the crucial aspects of the pathology that could be differently targeted. In this context, the exploration of the process underlining the conception of liposomal nanocarriers is reported to focus the attention on the potentialities of liposomal technology to optimize the administration of chemoprotective agents in XP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Piccione
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.B.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Giulia Ferri
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Gloria Andolina
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Andrea Cividini
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Emanuele De Marni
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Francesca Caroppo
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.B.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Ugo Citernesi
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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12
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Antiviral treatment causes a unique mutational signature in cancers of transplantation recipients. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1726-1739.e6. [PMID: 34496298 PMCID: PMC8516432 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic instability is a major concern for successful application of stem cells in regenerative medicine. However, the mutational consequences of the most applied stem cell therapy in humans, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), remain unknown. Here we characterized the mutation burden of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) of human HSCT recipients and their donors using whole-genome sequencing. We demonstrate that the majority of transplanted HSPCs did not display altered mutation accumulation. However, in some HSCT recipients, we identified multiple HSPCs with an increased mutation burden after transplantation. This increase could be attributed to a unique mutational signature caused by the antiviral drug ganciclovir. Using a machine learning approach, we detected this signature in cancer genomes of individuals who received HSCT or solid organ transplantation earlier in life. Antiviral treatment with nucleoside analogs can cause enhanced mutagenicity in transplant recipients, which may ultimately contribute to therapy-related carcinogenesis.
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13
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Rolfes KM, Sondermann NC, Vogeley C, Dairou J, Gilardino V, Wirth R, Meller S, Homey B, Krutmann J, Lang D, Nakamura M, Haarmann-Stemmann T. Inhibition of 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole metabolism sensitizes keratinocytes to UVA-induced apoptosis: Implications for vemurafenib-induced phototoxicity. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102110. [PMID: 34418602 PMCID: PMC8379514 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation of keratinocytes results in the formation of the tryptophan photoproduct 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) which is a high-affinity ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The resulting activation of AHR signaling induces the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 which subsequently metabolizes FICZ. Importantly, FICZ is also a nanomolar photosensitizer for UVA radiation. Here, we assess whether a manipulation of the AHR-CYP1A1 axis in human epidermal keratinocytes affects FICZ/UVA-induced phototoxic effects and whether this interaction might be mechanistically relevant for the phototoxicity of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Treatment of keratinocytes with an AHR agonist enhanced the CYP1A1-catalyzed metabolism of FICZ and thus prevented UVA photosensitization, whereas an inhibition of either AHR signaling or CYP1A1 enzyme activity resulted in an accumulation of FICZ and a sensitization to UVA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Exposure of keratinocytes to vemurafenib resulted in the same outcome. Specifically, CYP phenotyping revealed that vemurafenib is primarily metabolized by CYP1A1 and to a lesser degree by CYP2J2 and CYP3A4. Hence, vemurafenib sensitized keratinocytes to UVA-induced apoptosis by interfering with the CYP1A1-mediated oxidative metabolism of FICZ. In contrast to this pro-apoptotic effect, a treatment of UVB-damaged keratinocytes with vemurafenib suppressed apoptosis, a process which might contribute to the skin carcinogenicity of the drug. Our results provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for the photosensitizing properties of vemurafenib and deliver novel information about its metabolism which might be relevant regarding potential drug-drug interactions. The data emphasize that the AHR-CYP1A1 axis contributes to the pathogenesis of cutaneous adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Rolfes
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natalie C Sondermann
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Vogeley
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julien Dairou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS, UMR 8601, Université de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Viola Gilardino
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ragnhild Wirth
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Meller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Lang
- Bayer AG, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Center, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Motoki Nakamura
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Environmental and Geriatric Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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14
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Pihl C, Togsverd-Bo K, Andersen F, Haedersdal M, Bjerring P, Lerche CM. Keratinocyte Carcinoma and Photoprevention: The Protective Actions of Repurposed Pharmaceuticals, Phytochemicals and Vitamins. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153684. [PMID: 34359586 PMCID: PMC8345172 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Keratinocyte carcinoma is the most common type of cancer. Sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation are significant contributors to the development of carcinogenesis, mediated by DNA damage, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, immunosuppression and dysregulated signal transduction. Photoprevention involves using different compounds to delay or prevent ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancer. In this review, we look at new avenues for systemic photoprevention that are based on pharmaceuticals, plant-derived phytochemicals and vitamins. We also investigate the mechanisms underlying these strategies for preventing the onset of carcinogenesis. Abstract Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) arising from sun exposure represents a major risk factor in the development of keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs). UVR exposure induces dysregulated signal transduction, oxidative stress, inflammation, immunosuppression and DNA damage, all of which promote the induction and development of photocarcinogenesis. Because the incidence of KCs is increasing, better prevention strategies are necessary. In the concept of photoprevention, protective compounds are administered either topically or systemically to prevent the effects of UVR and the development of skin cancer. In this review, we provide descriptions of the pathways underlying photocarcinogenesis and an overview of selected photoprotective compounds, such as repurposed pharmaceuticals, plant-derived phytochemicals and vitamins. We discuss the protective potential of these compounds and their effects in pre-clinical and human trials, summarising the mechanisms of action involved in preventing photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Pihl
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.T.-B.); (M.H.); (C.M.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Katrine Togsverd-Bo
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.T.-B.); (M.H.); (C.M.L.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Andersen
- Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark; (F.A.); (P.B.)
- Private Hospital Molholm, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.T.-B.); (M.H.); (C.M.L.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bjerring
- Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark; (F.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Catharina Margrethe Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.T.-B.); (M.H.); (C.M.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Tan D, Ma A, Wang S, Zhang Q, Jia M, Kamal-Eldin A, Wu H, Chen G. Effects of the Oxygen Content and Light Intensity on Milk Photooxidation Using Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7488-7497. [PMID: 34160207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photooxidation is the main cause of milk quality deterioration during processing and transportation. Oxygen and light are responsible for dairy milk photooxidation. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristic metabolites after photooxidation and how they are affected by oxygen exposure and light intensity. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis were used for the high-throughput evaluation of milk photooxidation. Four products were identified as biomarkers: uric acid, riboflavin, lumichrome, and indole-3-carboxaldehyde. Afterward, the effects of oxygen content and light intensity on the biomarkers were investigated, and a sensory evaluation was performed. Both oxygen exposure and light intensity affected the contents of photooxidation biomarkers in milk samples. The sensory score correlated well with the oxygen content but not with the light intensity. The untargeted metabolomic method was an effective tool to identify biomarkers for milk photooxidation evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Aijin Ma
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Man Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- College of Food and Agriculture, Department of Food, Nutrition and Health (CFA), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huaxing Wu
- Baijiu Science and Research Center, Sichuan Swellfun Co., Ltd.. Chengdu 610036, China
- Dairy Nutrition and Function, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, New Hope Dairy Company Limited, Product Research and Development Center, Chengdu 610023, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
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16
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Ibuki Y, Komaki Y, Yang G, Toyooka T. Long-wavelength UVA enhances UVB-induced cell death in cultured keratinocytes: DSB formation and suppressed survival pathway. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:639-652. [PMID: 33978941 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solar UV radiation consists of both UVA and UVB. The wavelength-specific molecular responses to UV radiation have been studied, but the interaction between UVA and UVB has not been well understood. In this study, we found that long-wavelength UVA, UVA1, augmented UVB-induced cell death, and examined the underlying mechanisms. Human keratinocytes HaCaT were exposed to UVA1, followed by UVB irradiation. Irradiation by UVA1 alone showed no effect on cell survival, whereas the UVA1 pre-irradiation remarkably enhanced UVB-induced cell death. UVA1 delayed the repair of pyrimidine dimers formed by UVB and the accumulation of nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins to damaged sites. Gap synthesis during NER was also decreased, suggesting that UVA1 delayed NER, and unrepaired pyrimidine dimers and single-strand breaks generated in the process of NER were left behind. Accumulation of this unrepaired DNA damage might have led to the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), as was detected using gel electrophoresis analysis and phosphorylated histone H2AX assay. Combined exposure enhanced the ATM-Chk2 signaling pathway, but not the ATR-Chk1 pathway, confirming the enhanced formation of DSBs. Moreover, UVA1 suppressed the UVB-induced phosphorylation of Akt, a survival signal pathway. These results indicated that UVA1 influenced the repair of UVB-induced DNA damage, which resulted in the formation of DSBs and enhanced cell death, suggesting the risk of simultaneous exposure to high doses of UVA1 and UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ibuki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yukako Komaki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Guang Yang
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toyooka
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
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17
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Justiniano R, de Faria Lopes L, Perer J, Hua A, Park SL, Jandova J, Baptista MS, Wondrak GT. The Endogenous Tryptophan-derived Photoproduct 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) is a Nanomolar Photosensitizer that Can be Harnessed for the Photodynamic Elimination of Skin Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:180-191. [PMID: 32767762 DOI: 10.1111/php.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UV-chromophores contained in human skin may act as endogenous sensitizers of photooxidative stress and can be employed therapeutically for the photodynamic elimination of malignant cells. Here, we report that 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), a tryptophan-derived photoproduct and endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, displays activity as a nanomolar sensitizer of photooxidative stress, causing the photodynamic elimination of human melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. FICZ is an efficient UVA/Visible photosensitizer having absorbance maximum at 390 nm (ε = 9180 L mol-1 cm-1 ), and fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields of 0.15 and 0.5, respectively, in methanol. In a panel of cultured human squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma skin cancer cells (SCC-25, HaCaT-ras II-4, A375, G361, LOX), photodynamic induction of cell death was elicited by the combined action of solar simulated UVA (6.6 J cm-2 ) and FICZ (≥10 nm), preceded by the induction of oxidative stress as substantiated by MitoSOX Red fluorescence microscopy, comet detection of Fpg-sensitive oxidative genomic lesions and upregulated stress response gene expression (HMOX1, HSPA1A, HSPA6). In SKH1 "high-risk" mouse skin, an experimental FICZ/UVA photodynamic treatment regimen blocked the progression of UV-induced tumorigenesis suggesting feasibility of harnessing FICZ for the photooxidative elimination of malignant cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Justiniano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lohanna de Faria Lopes
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Perer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anh Hua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sophia L Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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18
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Gan M, Ding H, Chen G. 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole reduces apoptosis induced by benzo[a]pyrene in a mitochondrial-dependent manner. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2427-2437. [PMID: 32808713 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a potent carcinogen, has been proved that it can induce apoptosis via activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. The metabolite of tryptophan 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), an endogenous activator of AhR, plays bifunctional roles in cell growth and apoptosis. However, whether and how FICZ can reduce the toxicity of B[a]P and the mechanism underlying this remain unclear. In this study, FICZ interfered with the toxicity of B[a]P in mouse hepatocarcinoma cell line Hepa1-6. The results of the MTT assay indicated that FICZ and B[a]P made opposite effects on cell proliferation. The scratch-wound healing assay showed that B[a]P (1 µM for 24 hr) exposure triggered cell migration and that was inhibited by FICZ (10 nM). In addition, FICZ ameliorated B[a]P-induced apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and caspase-3 activation, as well as increasing reduced glutathione level in mitochondria. Furthermore, gene expression analyses indicated that FICZ competed with B[a]P, which reduced the transcriptional activation of the cyp1a1 and cyp1b1 genes, as well as Bcl2 and P53. Accordingly, the interaction between FICZ and B[a]P in the AhR pathway inhibited apoptosis in a mitochondrial-dependent manner, suggesting that endogenous compound may reduce the toxicity of exogenous pollutant in vivo and providing an available way to improve health condition related to the hepatic metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gan
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbiao Ding
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Hedayat K, Ahmad Nasrollahi S, Firooz A, Rastegar H, Dadgarnejad M. Comparison of UVA Protection Factor Measurement Protocols. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:351-358. [PMID: 32547149 PMCID: PMC7244352 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s244898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background In the past, it was taught that UVA wavelengths (320- 400nm) only plays a major role in skin aging but recently the scientific researches also show that UVA cause cancerous keratinocyte cells in deep layer of the epidermis. Therefore, the protective ability of the product against UVA is important in addition to protection against UVB rays. The UVA protective factor (UVA-PF) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of sunscreen products against UVA rays. This study aims to review and compare all outstanding protocols in the field of UVA-PF measurement and finally the introduction of the best method of measuring UVA-PF based on the further benefits. Materials and Methods Four standards including ISO 24443 (AS/NZS 2604: 2012 recommended approach), CEN 2006, FDA 2007 and FDA 2011 are selected. Results In order to measure UVA-PF with in vivo method, two standards of CEN 2006 and FDA 2007 recommended persistent pigment darkening (PPD) method. Although the general principle of both is similar, there are some differences in detail. For in vitro measurement of UVA-PF, CEN and FDA 2011 standards use critical wavelengths. FDA 2007 introduces the modified Diffey fraction, and ISO 24443 standard meets the UVA-PF measurement in a manner that is consistent with PPD. Conclusion Finally, this review discussed the comparison of all in vitro and in vivo UVA-PF measurement standards and provided information in the form of texts and tables to move towards the creation of an integrated standard. Since in vitro methods of UVA-PF measurement are not reproducible due to differences in test conditions, it may be concluded that the in vivo PPD method is a more suitable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamand Hedayat
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (CRTSDL), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (CRTSDL), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Cosmetic Products Research Center, Iranian Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Firooz
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (CRTSDL), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Cosmetic Products Research Center, Iranian Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rastegar
- Cosmetic Products Research Center, Iranian Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Dadgarnejad
- Iranian Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Moreno NC, de Souza TA, Garcia CCM, Ruiz NQ, Corradi C, Castro LP, Munford V, Ienne S, Alexandrov LB, Menck CFM. Whole-exome sequencing reveals the impact of UVA light mutagenesis in xeroderma pigmentosum variant human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:1941-1953. [PMID: 31853541 PMCID: PMC7038989 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UVA-induced mutagenesis was investigated in human pol eta-deficient (XP-V) cells through whole-exome sequencing. In UVA-irradiated cells, the increase in the mutation frequency in deficient cells included a remarkable contribution of C>T transitions, mainly at potential pyrimidine dimer sites. A strong contribution of C>A transversions, potentially due to oxidized bases, was also observed in non-irradiated XP-V cells, indicating that basal mutagenesis caused by oxidative stress may be related to internal tumours in XP-V patients. The low levels of mutations involving T induced by UVA indicate that pol eta is not responsible for correctly replicating T-containing pyrimidine dimers, a phenomenon known as the ‘A-rule’. Moreover, the mutation signature profile of UVA-irradiated XP-V cells is highly similar to the human skin cancer profile, revealing how studies involving cells deficient in DNA damage processing may be useful to understand the mechanisms of environmentally induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cestari Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Antonio de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalia Quintero Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Corradi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ligia Pereira Castro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Munford
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Susan Ienne
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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21
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Riboflavin Plays a Pivotal Role in the UVA-Induced Cytotoxicity of Fibroblasts as a Key Molecule in the Production of H 2O 2 by UVA Radiation in Collaboration with Amino Acids and Vitamins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020554. [PMID: 31952279 PMCID: PMC7013916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate environmental factors that contribute to ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced oxidative stress, which accelerates the senescence and toxicity of skin cells, we irradiated human fibroblasts cultured in commonly used essential media with UVA and evaluated their viability and production of reactive oxygen species. The viability of fibroblasts exposed to a single dose of 3.6 J/cm2 UVA was not reduced when cultured in Hanks balanced salt solution, but it was significantly decreased when cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), which contains various amino acids and vitamins. Furthermore, cell viability was not reduced when fibroblasts were cultured in DMEM and treated with a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger such as glutathione or catalase added after UVA irradiation. In addition, we confirmed that the production of H2O2 was dramatically increased by UVA photosensitization when riboflavin (R) coexisted with amino acids such as tryptophan (T), and found that R with folic acid (F) produced high levels of H2O2 after UVA irradiation. Furthermore, we noticed that R and F or R and T have different photosensitization mechanisms since NaN3, which is a singlet oxygen quencher, suppressed only R and T photosensitization. Lastly, we examined the effects of antioxidants (L-ascorbic acid, trolox, L-cysteine, and L-histidine), which are singlet oxygen or superoxide or H2O2 scavengers, on R and F or on R and T photosensitization, and found that 1 mM ascorbic acid, Trolox, and L-histidine were strongly photosensitized with R, and produced significant levels of H2O2 during UVA exposure. However, 1 mM L-cysteine dramatically suppressed H2O2 production by UVA photosensitization. These data suggest that a low concentration of R-derived photosensitization is elicited by different mechanisms depending on the coexisting vitamins and amino acids, and regulates cellular oxidative stress by producing H2O2 during UVA exposure.
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22
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Lipsky ZW, German GK. Ultraviolet light degrades the mechanical and structural properties of human stratum corneum. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 100:103391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Lee V, Gober MD, Bashir H, O'Day C, Blair IA, Mesaros C, Weng L, Huang A, Chen A, Tang R, Anagnos V, Li J, Roling S, Sagaityte E, Wang A, Lin C, Yeh C, Atillasoy C, Marshall C, Dentchev T, Ridky T, Seykora JT. Voriconazole enhances UV-induced DNA damage by inhibiting catalase and promoting oxidative stress. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:29-38. [PMID: 31519066 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer and is associated with cumulative UV exposure. Studies have shown that prolonged voriconazole use promotes cSCC formation; however, the biological mechanisms responsible for the increased incidence remain unclear. Here, we show that voriconazole directly increases oxidative stress in human keratinocytes and promotes UV-induced DNA damage as determined by comet assay, 8-oxoguanine immunofluorescence and mass spectrometry. Voriconazole treatment of human keratinocytes potentiates UV-induced apoptosis and activation of the p38 MAP kinase and 53BP1 UV stress response pathways. The p38 MAP kinase activation promoted by voriconazole exposure can be mitigated by pretreating keratinocytes with N-acetylcysteine. Voriconazole increases oxidative stress in keratinocytes by directly inhibiting catalase leading to lower intracellular NADPH levels and the triazole moieties in voriconazole are critical for inhibiting catalase. Furthermore, voriconazole is shown to promote UV-induced dysplasia in an in vivo model. Together, these data demonstrate that voriconazole potentiates oxidative stress in UV-irradiated keratinocytes through catalase inhibition. Use of antioxidants may mitigate the pro-oncogenic effects of voriconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Gober
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hasan Bashir
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Conor O'Day
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liwei Weng
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vince Anagnos
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - JiLon Li
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sophie Roling
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emilija Sagaityte
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chenyan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher Yeh
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cem Atillasoy
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine Marshall
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tzvete Dentchev
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Todd Ridky
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John T Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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24
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Prokopec SD, Pohjanvirta R, Mahiout S, Pettersson L, Boutros PC. Transcriptomic Impact of IMA-08401, a Novel AHR Agonist Resembling Laquinimod, on Rat Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061370. [PMID: 30893768 PMCID: PMC6471016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMA-08401 (C2) is a novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist and selective AHR modulator (SAHRM) that is structurally similar to laquinimod (LAQ). Both compounds are converted to the AHR-active metabolite DELAQ (IMA-06201) in vivo. SAHRMs have been proposed as therapeutic options for various autoimmune disorders. Clinical trials on LAQ have not reported any significant toxic outcomes and C2 has shown low toxicity in rats; however, their functional resemblance to the highly toxic AHR agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) raises questions. Here, we characterize the hepatic transcriptomic changes induced by acute (single-dose) and subacute exposure (repeated dosing for 5 days followed by a 5-day recovery period) to C2 in Sprague-Dawley rats. Exposure to C2 leads to activation of the AHR, as shown by altered transcription of Cyp1a1. We identify a heightened response early after exposure that drops off by day 10. Acute exposure to C2 leads to changes to transcription of genes involved in antiviral and antibacterial responses, which highlights the immunomodulator effects of this AHR agonist. Subacute exposure causes an oxidative stress response in the liver, the consequences of which require further study on target tissues such as the CNS and immune system, both of which may be compromised in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Laboratory of Toxicology, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Selma Mahiout
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Paul C Boutros
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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25
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Tryptophan Photoproduct FICZ Upregulates IL1A, IL1B, and IL6 Expression via Oxidative Stress in Keratinocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9298052. [PMID: 30595799 PMCID: PMC6286782 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9298052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), generates the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1A, IL1B, and IL6. 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) is a tryptophan-derived photoproduct that is induced by UVB irradiation and activates the AHR. However, its role in upregulating proinflammatory cytokine expression has never been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that FICZ enhanced ROS generation in human HaCaT keratinocytes in an AHR-dependent manner. FICZ also upregulated the expression of IL1A and IL1B, as well as the expression of IL6 and the production of its protein product, in an AHR- and ROS-dependent fashion. Here, we demonstrate that the actions of FICZ can substitute for the hazardous effects of UVB exposure, contributing to the further understandings of the mechanisms which UVB harms organisms.
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26
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Rannug A, Rannug U. The tryptophan derivative 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole, FICZ, a dynamic mediator of endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, balances cell growth and differentiation. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:555-574. [PMID: 30226107 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1493086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is not essential to survival, but does act as a key regulator of many normal physiological events. The role of this receptor in toxicological processes has been studied extensively, primarily employing the high-affinity ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). However, regulation of physiological responses by endogenous AHR ligands remains to be elucidated. Here, we review developments in this field, with a focus on 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), the endogenous ligand with the highest affinity to the receptor reported to date. The binding of FICZ to different isoforms of the AHR seems to be evolutionarily well conserved and there is a feedback loop that controls AHR activity through metabolic degradation of FICZ via the highly inducible cytochrome P450 1A1. Several investigations provide strong evidence that FICZ plays a critical role in normal physiological processes and can ameliorate immune diseases with remarkable efficiency. Low levels of FICZ are pro-inflammatory, providing resistance to pathogenic bacteria, stimulating the anti-tumor functions, and promoting the differentiation of cancer cells by repressing genes in cancer stem cells. In contrast, at high concentrations FICZ behaves in a manner similar to TCDD, exhibiting toxicity toward fish and bird embryos, immune suppression, and activation of cancer progression. The findings are indicative of a dual role for endogenously activated AHR in barrier tissues, aiding clearance of infections and suppressing immunity to terminate a vicious cycle that might otherwise lead to disease. There is not much support for the AHR ligand-specific immune responses proposed, the differences between FICZ and TCDD in this context appear to be explained by the rapid metabolism of FICZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Rannug
- a Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- b Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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27
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Janosik T, Rannug A, Rannug U, Wahlström N, Slätt J, Bergman J. Chemistry and Properties of Indolocarbazoles. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9058-9128. [PMID: 30191712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indolocarbazoles are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles which has evolved significantly in recent years, with numerous studies focusing on their diverse biological effects, or targeting new materials with potential applications in organic electronics. This review aims at providing a broad survey of the chemistry and properties of indolocarbazoles from an interdisciplinary point of view, with particular emphasis on practical synthetic aspects, as well as certain topics which have not been previously accounted for in detail, such as the occurrence, formation, biological activities, and metabolism of indolo[3,2- b]carbazoles. The literature of the past decade forms the basis of the text, which is further supplemented with older key references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janosik
- Research Institutes of Sweden , Bioscience and Materials, RISE Surface, Process and Formulation , SE-151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Agneta Rannug
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Johnny Slätt
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jan Bergman
- Karolinska Institutet , Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , SE-141 83 Huddinge , Sweden
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28
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Hart PH, Norval M, Byrne SN, Rhodes LE. Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation in the Modulation of Human Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:55-81. [PMID: 30125148 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses primarily on the beneficial effects for human health of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR stimulates anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive pathways in skin that modulate psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo; suppresses cutaneous lesions of graft-versus-host disease; and regulates some infection and vaccination outcomes. While polymorphic light eruption and the cutaneous photosensitivity of systemic lupus erythematosus are triggered by UVR, polymorphic light eruption also frequently benefits from UVR-induced immunomodulation. For systemic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, asthma, schizophrenia, autism, and cardiovascular disease, any positive consequences of UVR exposure are more speculative, but could occur through the actions of UVR-induced regulatory cells and mediators, including 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, interleukin-10, and nitric oxide. Reduced UVR exposure is a risk factor for the development of several inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune conditions, including diseases initiated in early life. This suggests that UVR-induced molecules can regulate cell maturation in developing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6008, Australia;
| | - Mary Norval
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom;
| | - Scott N Byrne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; .,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, and Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;
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29
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Brand RM, Wipf P, Durham A, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Falo LD. Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress to Mitigate UV-Induced Skin Damage. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:920. [PMID: 30177881 PMCID: PMC6110189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmitigated UV radiation (UVR) induces skin photoaging and multiple forms of cutaneous carcinoma by complex pathways that include those mediated by UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon UVR exposure, a cascade of events is induced that overwhelms the skin’s natural antioxidant defenses and results in DNA damage, intracellular lipid and protein peroxidation, and the dysregulation of pathways that modulate inflammatory and apoptotic responses. To this end, natural products with potent antioxidant properties have been developed to prevent, mitigate, or reverse this damage with varying degrees of success. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to ROS and subsequent DNA damage as they are a major intracellular source of oxidants. Therefore, the development of mitochondrially targeted agents to mitigate mitochondrial oxidative stress and resulting DNA damage is a logical approach to prevent and treat UV-induced skin damage. We summarize evidence that some existing natural products may reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and support for synthetically generated mitochondrial targeted cyclic nitroxides as potential alternatives for the prevention and mitigation of UVR-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda M Brand
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Austin Durham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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30
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Furue M, Uchi H, Mitoma C, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Tanaka Y, Ito T, Tsuji G. Implications of tryptophan photoproduct FICZ in oxidative stress and terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2018; 154:37-41. [PMID: 30035475 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.18.06132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mediates photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) is a tryptophan photoproduct generated by UVB exposure. FICZ exhibits similar biological effects to UVB, including AHR ligation and ROS production. FICZ also acts as a potent photosensitizer for UVA and the production of ROS is synergistically augmented in the simultaneous presence of FICZ and UVA. In contrast, FICZ upregulates the expression of terminal differentiation molecules such as filaggrin and loricrin via AHR. In parallel with this, the administration of FICZ inhibits skin inflammation in a murine psoriasis and dermatitis model. In this article, we summarize the harmful and beneficial aspects of FICZ in skin pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan - .,Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan - .,Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan -
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikage Mitoma
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Hashimoto-Hachiya
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gaku Tsuji
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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31
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Youssef A, von Koschembahr A, Caillat S, Corre S, Galibert MD, Douki T. 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) is a Very Minor Photoproduct of Tryptophan at Biologically Relevant Doses of UVB and Simulated Sunlight. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:237-243. [PMID: 29882277 DOI: 10.1111/php.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to solar UV is at the origin of numerous photodegradation pathways in biomolecules. Tryptophan is readily modified by UVB radiation into ring-opened and oxidized photoproducts. One of them, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), has been extensively studied in the recent years because it very efficiently binds to AhR, a major factor in numerous biologic processes, such as metabolism of xenobiotics. Unfortunately, little information is available on the actual yield of FICZ upon exposure to low and biologically relevant doses of UV radiation. In the present work, we used a sensitive and specific HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry assay to quantify a series of photoproducts induced by UVB and simulated sunlight (SSL) in solutions of tryptophan. FICZ represented only a minute amount of the photoproducts (0.02 and 0.03%, respectively). Experiments were repeated in culture medium where the yield of FICZ was also found to be very low, even when Trp was added. Last, no FICZ could be detected in cytosolic fractions of cultured cells exposed to SSL. Altogether, the present results show that FICZ is a very minor photoproduct and that it cannot be considered the only endogenous photoproduct responsible for the induction of AhR-dependent responses in UV-irradiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Youssef
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES/CIBEST, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sylvain Caillat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES/CIBEST, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Douki
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES/CIBEST, Grenoble, France
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32
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Emanuele S, D'Anneo A, Calvaruso G, Cernigliaro C, Giuliano M, Lauricella M. The Double-Edged Sword Profile of Redox Signaling: Oxidative Events As Molecular Switches in the Balance between Cell Physiology and Cancer. Chem Res Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 29513521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular redox state in the cell depends on the balance between the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activity of defensive systems including antioxidant enzymes. This balance is a dynamic process that can change in relation to many factors and/or stimuli induced within the cell. ROS production is derived from physiological metabolic events. For instance, mitochondria represent the major ROS sources during oxidative phosphorylation, but other systems, such as NADPH oxidase or specific enzymes in certain metabolisms, may account for ROS production as well. Whereas high levels of ROS perturb the cell environment, causing oxidative damage to biological macromolecules, low levels of ROS can exert a functional role in the cell, influencing the activity of specific enzymes or modulating some intracellular signaling cascades. Of particular interest appears to be the role of ROS in tumor systems not only because ROS are known to be tumorigenic but also because tumor cells are able to modify their redox state, regulating ROS production to sustain tumor growth and proliferation. Overall, the scope of this review was to critically discuss the most recent findings pertaining to ROS physiological roles as well as to highlight the controversial involvement of ROS in tumor systems.
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