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Bouhaben J, Delgado-Lima AH, Delgado-Losada ML. The role of olfactory dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 123:105425. [PMID: 38615524 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This comprehensive meta-analysis investigates the association between olfactory deficits in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A thorough search across databases identified articles analyzing olfactory status in MCI or AD patients. Methodological quality assessment followed PRISMA guidelines. Hedges' g effect size statistic computed standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Moderator analysis was conducted. RESULTS Among the included studies (65 for MCI and 61 for AD), odor identification exhibited larger effect sizes compared to odor threshold and discrimination, in both MCI and AD samples. Moderate effect size is found in OI scores in MCI (k = 65, SE = 0.078, CI 95% = [-1.151, -0.844]). Furthermore, compared to MCI, AD had moderate to large heterogeneous effects in olfactory identification (k = 61, g = -2.062, SE = 0.125, CI 95% = [-2.308, -1.816]). Global cognitive status is positively related to olfactory identification impairment in both MCI (k = 57, Z = 2.74, p = 0.006) and AD (k = 53, Z = 5.03, p < 0.0001) samples. CONCLUSION Olfactory impairments exhibit a notable and substantial presence in MCI. Among these impairments, odor identification experiences the greatest decline in MCI, mirroring the primary sensory deficit observed in AD. Consequently, the incorporation of a straightforward odor identification test is advisable in the evaluation of individuals vulnerable to the onset of AD, offering a practical screening tool for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Bouhaben
- Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy Department, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Alice Helena Delgado-Lima
- Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy Department, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - María Luisa Delgado-Losada
- Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy Department, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain.
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2
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Xu M, Liu J, Liu Q, Gong Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Shi S, Shi Y. Preliminary study on early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in APP/PS1 transgenic mice using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1326394. [PMID: 38419647 PMCID: PMC10899441 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1326394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has an insidious onset and lacks clear early diagnostic markers, and by the time overt dementia symptoms appear, the disease is already in the mid-to-late stages. The search for early diagnostic markers of AD may open a critical window for Alzheimer's treatment and facilitate early intervention to slow the progression of AD. In this study, we aimed to explore the imaging markers for early diagnosis of AD through the combined application of structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques at the animal experimental level, with the aim to provide a certain reference for early clinical diagnosis of AD. First, sMRI scans were performed on 4-month-old amyloid beta precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic AD model mice and wild type mice of the same litter using a 7.0 T animal MRI scanner to analyze the differential brain regions with structural changes in the gray matter of the brain by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Next, rs-fMRI scans were performed to analyze the differential brain regions between groups for local spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions. Finally, 1H-MRS scans were performed to quantify and analyze intergroup differences in the relative concentrations of different metabolites within regions of interest (cortex and hippocampus). Compared with wild type mice, the volume of the left hippocampus, and right olfactory bulb of APP/PS1 transgenic AD model mice were reduced, the functional activity of the bilateral hippocampus, right piriform cortex and right caudate putamen was reduced, the functional network connectivity of the hippocampus was impaired, and the relative content of N-acetylaspartate (NAA)in the hippocampus was decreased. In addition, this study found that imaging changes in olfactory-related brain regions were closely associated with AD diagnosis, and these findings may provide some reference for the early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jipeng Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingguo Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gong
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shufeng Shi
- Department of Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Cell Valley Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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3
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Zhou C, Yang C, Ai Y, Fang X, Zhang A, Wang Y, Hu H. Valid olfactory impairment tests can help identify mild cognitive impairment: an updated meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1349196. [PMID: 38419646 PMCID: PMC10900519 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1349196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Olfactory testing is emerging as a potentially effective screening method for identifying mild cognitive impairment in the elderly population. Objective Olfactory impairment is comorbid with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults but is not well-documented in subdomains of either olfactory or subtypes of cognitive impairments in older adults. This meta-analysis was aimed at synthesizing the differentiated relationships with updated studies. Methods A systematic search was conducted in seven databases from their availability to April 2023. A total of 38 publications were included, including 3,828 MCI patients and 8,160 healthy older adults. Two investigators independently performed the literature review, quality assessment, and data extraction. The meta-analyses were conducted with Stata to estimate the average effects and causes of the heterogeneity. Results Compared to normal adults, MCI patients had severe impairments in olfactory function and severe deficits in specific domains of odor identification and discrimination. Olfactory impairment was more severe in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment than in patients with non-amnestic MCI. Diverse test instruments of olfactory function caused large heterogeneity in effect sizes. Conclusion Valid olfactory tests can be complementary tools for accurate screening of MCI in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Zhou
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chongming Yang
- Research Support Center, College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Yating Ai
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueling Fang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ailin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuncui Wang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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4
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Wang Q, Ren H, Li Z, Li J, Dai L, Dong M, Zhou J, He J, Chen X, Gu L, He Y, Tang J. Differences in olfactory dysfunction and its relationship with cognitive function in schizophrenia patients with and without auditory verbal hallucinations. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1813-1824. [PMID: 36949249 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory discrimination dysfunction has been observed in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), but its relationship with cognitive function has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in olfactory identification function in SCZ patients with and without auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) and its relationship with cognitive function. Olfactory identification function was measured in 80 SCZ patients with AVHs, 57 SCZ patients without AVHs, and 87 healthy controls (HC). Clinical symptom scores and neuropsychological measures were also administered to all corresponding subjects. Compared to HC, SCZ patients showed significant deficits in olfactory identification and cognitive function, but there were no differences in olfactory identification dysfunction and cognitive dysfunction between the two subgroups. In the non-AVHs subgroup only, poorer Olfactory Stick Identification Test for Japanese (OSIT-J) scores were significantly and positively correlated with total and delayed recall (Bonferroni correction, p < 0.002). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that factors affecting olfactory identification impairment differed in the two SCZ patient subgroups. In conclusion, this study highlights the commonality of olfactory identification dysfunction in SCZ patients and the importance of olfactory assessment of different subtypes of SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Honghong Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Zongchang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lulin Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Dong
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingqi He
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Ying He
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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Liu S, Jiang Z, Zhao J, Li Z, Li R, Qiu Y, Peng H. Disparity of smell tests in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1249512. [PMID: 37744388 PMCID: PMC10512741 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1249512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are discrepancies of olfactory impairment between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Olfactory deficits may be a potential marker for early and differential diagnosis of AD. We aimed to assess olfactory functions in patients with AD and other neurodegenerative disorders, to further evaluate the smell tests using subgroup analysis, and to explore moderating factors affecting olfactory performance. Methods Cross-sectional studies relating to olfactory assessment for both AD and other neurodegenerative disorders published before 27 July 2022 in English, were searched on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane. After literature screening and quality assessment, meta-analyses were conducted using stata14.0 software. Results Forty-two articles involving 12 smell tests that evaluated 2,569 AD patients were included. It was revealed that smell tests could distinguish AD from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Lewy body disease (LBD), depression, and vascular dementia (VaD), but not from diseases such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Our finding indicated that in discriminating AD from MCI, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was most frequently used (95%CI: -1.12 to -0.89), while the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT), was the most widely used method in AD vs. LBD group. Further subgroup analyses indicated that the methods of smell test used contributed to the heterogeneity in olfactory threshold and discrimination scores in group AD vs. MCI. While the moderating variables including age, MMSE scores, education years in AD vs. LBD, were account for heterogeneity across studies. Conclusion Our finding suggests smell tests have potential value in early differential diagnosis of AD. UPSIT and its simplified variant, B-SIT, are widely used methods in the analyses. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php? RecordID = 357970 (PROSPERO, registration number CRD42022357970).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhensheng Li
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyi Qiu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yoshitake M, Maeshima E, Maeshima S, Osawa A, Ito N, Ueda I, Kamiya M. Olfactory identification ability in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J Phys Ther Sci 2022; 34:710-714. [PMID: 36337215 PMCID: PMC9622342 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To examine the olfactory identification abilities and specify the
difficult-to-identify odors in community-dwelling individuals with mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). [Participants and Methods] We included, 12
and 17 patients with MCI (MCI group) and AD (AD group), respectively, and 30
community-dwelling older adults with no history of MCI or a dementia diagnosis (control
group). Scores on the Japanese odor stick identification test (OSIT-J), an olfactory
identification ability test, were compared among the three groups with intergroup
differences examined accordingly. Next, we performed intergroup comparisons of the ratios
of correct responses for each odor, and the difficult-to-identify odors were examined.
[Results] OSIT-J scores of the MCI and AD groups were significantly lower than those of
the control group. There were no intergroup differences in the correct identification of
pungent odors. No patients in the AD group could identify the odor of cooking gas. The
ability to identify food-related odors was reduced in the MCI and AD groups. [Conclusion]
Patients with MCI and AD had reduced olfactory identification abilities in comparison to
community-dwelling older adults without cognitive decline. These findings suggest the
importance of olfactory evaluation before providing patients with dementia with
therapeutic interventions associated with olfactory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yoshitake
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinjo University: 1200
Kasama-machi, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawa 924-8511, Japan, Graduate School of Osaka University of Health and Sport
Sciences, Japan,Corresponding author. Masashi Yoshitake (E-mail: )
| | - Etsuko Maeshima
- Graduate School of Osaka University of Health and Sport
Sciences, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Maeshima
- Education and Innovation Center for Geriatrics and
Gerontology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Aiko Osawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for
Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Naoki Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for
Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Ikue Ueda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for
Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Masaki Kamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for
Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
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Song J, Xu J, Yuan W, Li R, Guo H, Gao H, Gu C, Feng W, Ma Y, Guo H, Sun Z, Zheng L. A potential biomarker of cognitive impairment: The olfactory dysfunction and its genes expression. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1884-1897. [PMID: 36300915 PMCID: PMC9735362 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulation evidence has reported that olfactory impairment may be an essential clinical marker and predictor of mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease. METHOD Participants were enrolled in the population-based, prospective study in Fuxin county, Liaoning province, China between 2019 and 2021. An inverse probability weighting logistic regression and mixed-effect models were performed to explore the association between dysosmia and cognition and rate of change in cognition, respectively. Besides, we utilized the Robust Rank Aggregation method to integrated three eligible datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus to identify differential expressed genes. RESULTS A total of 4695 participants were enrolled and 4221 of those were eligible for our cross-sectional study. The mean (SD) age was 59.93(9.78) years, 64.8% were men. Over a 2-year follow-up, of the 2088 participants who completed follow-up, 1559 participants were eligible for our longitude cohort study. We observed an association between dysosmia and an increased risk of cognitive impairment (OR, 0.47, [95% CI, 0.35-0.64]; p < 0.001). The OR (95% CI) for cognition in females with dysosmia was higher than (OR, 0.73[0.51, 1.05], p = .007) that for males with dysosmia (OR, 0.25[0.15, 0.42], p < 0.001; P for interaction <0.001). Dysosmia was also associated with more rapid decline in calculation ability (p < 0.001). Besides, several DEGs were identified, which are mainly associated with olfactory transduction, detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell, sensory perception of smell, olfactory receptor activity and odorant binding. INTERPRETATION These findings proved novel insight into identifying olfactory dysfunction as potential biomarker for diagnosis of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Song
- School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang110122China,Ministry of Education‐Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang110122China
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang110122China
| | - Ruixue Li
- School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang110122China
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang110122China
| | - Hanshu Gao
- School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang110122China
| | - Cuiying Gu
- School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang110122China
| | - Wenjing Feng
- School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyang110122China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityNo.77 Puhe RoadShenyangLiaoning Province110122China,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical UniversityNo.77 Puhe RoadShenyangLiaoning Province110122China
| | - Haiqiang Guo
- Department of Health StatisticsChina Medical UniversityShenyang110122China
| | - Zhaoqing Sun
- Department of CardiologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang110004P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education‐Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
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Suzuki H, Sugiura S, Nakashima T, Teranishi M, Shimono M, Murotani K, Sakurai T, Uchida Y, Saji N. Cognitive impairment is correlated with olfactory identification deficits in older Japanese adults: A cross-sectional study using objective and subjective olfactory measures. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:924-929. [PMID: 36137975 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM Olfactory impairment is associated with cognitive impairment. However, differences between subjective and objective olfactory impairment measurements in older adults and their relationship with cognitive impairment are unclear. METHODS We assessed the relationship between cognitive and olfactory impairments via a single-center observational study in 2020. Forty-seven individuals who visited our memory clinic were enrolled and asked to complete objective and subjective olfactory tests. Participants had dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or normal cognition. We administered the Open Essence (a simple card-type odor identification test) and self-administered odor questionnaire to assess objective and subjective olfaction, respectively, and the Mini-Mental State Examination to assess cognitive function. RESULTS Older age was related to decreased Open Essence scores (P < 0.001). Compared with the mild cognitive impairment and normal cognition groups, the dementia group had significantly lower Open Essence scores (P < 0.001). Cognitive impairment was also associated with decreased Open Essence scores after adjusting for age, sex, and education (P < 0.001). Participants with dementia did not obtain lower self-administered odor questionnaire scores than those with normal cognition, and they tended to be unaware of their olfactory impairment. CONCLUSION Open Essence scores significantly decreased according to the degree of cognitive impairment. Participants with dementia were unaware of their olfactory impairment, as indicated by odor questionnaire scores. Objective and subjective scores of olfaction differed in participants with dementia. Concomitant assessment of objective and subjective olfaction is useful to screen older adults with both olfactory and cognitive impairments. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••-•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Saiko Sugiura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Toyota Josui Mental Clinic, Toyota, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakashima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Ichinomiya Medical Treatment & Habilitation Center, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Teranishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mariko Shimono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Biostatistics Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Cognition and Behavioral Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasue Uchida
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Naoki Saji
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Narukawa M, Mori Y, Nishida R, Takahashi S, Saito T, Saido TC, Misaka T. Expression of Olfactory-Related Genes in the Olfactory Epithelium of an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:29-35. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using an amyloid precursor protein (App) gene knock-in (KI) mouse of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we investigated the expression of olfactory-related genes in olfactory impairment caused by AD. We observed the change in olfactory behavior in the App-KI mice. There was no significant difference, however, in the mRNA expression levels of olfactory-related genes between the olfactory epithelia of wild-type (WT) and App-KI mice. Amyloid-β deposition was confirmed throughout the olfactory pathway in App-KI mice, but not in WT mice. These show that the change in olfactory behavior in the App-KI mice might cause by the impairment of the olfactory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Narukawa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Mori
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Riko Nishida
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Suzuka Takahashi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takumi Misaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Uchida S, Shimada C, Sakuma N, Kagitani F, Kan A, Awata S. Olfactory function and discrimination ability in the elderly: a pilot study. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:8. [PMID: 35365090 PMCID: PMC10717643 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that subjects with a higher olfactory identification threshold for rose odor declined more in attentional ability in the elderly. This study focuses on discrimination ability and olfactory identification threshold in twelve elderly subjects living in a community (age: 80.9 ± 1.6). Olfactory function was assessed by the rose odor identification threshold. We assessed the discrimination ability by distinguishing 5 similar odor pairs. Our results showed that the subjects with a higher olfactory identification threshold (≥ 5) declined more in discrimination ability (14% ± 14%, p = 0.03) compared to those with a lower threshold (≤ 4) (averaged value set at 100%). As discrimination ability is related to the basal forebrain cholinergic system, our results suggest that olfactory impairment links to the decline in cognitive function relating the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Uchida
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Chiho Shimada
- Department of Exploring End-of-Life Care for the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Saku University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Naoko Sakuma
- Department of Dementia and Mental Health Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusako Kagitani
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Akiko Kan
- Department of Health Services Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Awata
- Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well With Dementia, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Nogi S, Uchida K, Maruta J, Kurozumi H, Akada S, Shiba M, Inoue K. Utility of olfactory identification test for screening of cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling older adults. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12656. [PMID: 35036144 PMCID: PMC8697762 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need for a large-scale screening test that can be used to detect dementia in older individuals at an early stage. Olfactory identification deficits have been shown to occur in the early stages of dementia, indicating their usefulness in screening tests. This study investigated the utility of an olfactory identification test as a screening test for mild cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling older people. Methods The subjects were city-dwelling individuals aged over 65 years but under 85 years who had not been diagnosed with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. The Japanese version of the Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen was used to evaluate cognitive function. Based on the results, the subjects were divided into two groups: healthy group and cognitively impaired group. Olfactory identification abilities based on the Japanese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test were compared between the groups. Results There were 182 participants in total: 77 in the healthy group and 105 in the cognitively impaired group. The mean olfactory identification test score of the cognitively impaired group was significantly lower than that of the healthy group. The cognitive impairment test score was significantly correlated with the olfactory identification test score. Conclusions Cross-sectional olfactory identification deficits at baseline in community-dwelling older adults reflected cognitive dysfunction. Assessing olfactory identification ability might be useful as a screening test for mild cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nogi
- Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Maruta
- Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Medical Center for Dementia, Osaka City Kosaiin Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Kurozumi
- Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akada
- Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shiba
- Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koki Inoue
- Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Brain Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Motoki A, Akamatsu N, Fumuro T, Miyoshi A, Tanaka H, Hagiwara K, Ohara S, Kamada T, Shigeto H, Murai H. Characteristics of olfactory dysfunction in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 125:108402. [PMID: 34775249 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the characteristics of olfactory dysfunction in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS Odor identification was assessed using the odor stick identification test for Japanese (OSIT-J, full score 12 points) in 65 patients with TLE and in 74 controls. RESULTS The mean OSIT-J score was significantly lower in patients with TLE (mean ± SD = 8.1 ± 2.8; median = 9) than in the control subjects (mean ± SD = 10.6 ± 1.1; median = 11) (P < 0.005). Olfactory dysfunction (hyposmia/anosmia) was associated with bilateral seizure foci and older age of onset in TLE. Patients who underwent temporal lobectomy for hippocampal sclerosis did not show significant decline after long-term recovery. The Indian ink part of OSIT-J was useful for the detection of olfactory deficits in patients with TLE (sensitivity = 47%, specificity = 93%). Patients with TLE tended to have preserved olfactory ability for stimulating odors and for familiar odors of daily life. SIGNIFICANCE We observed characteristic odor identification deficits for individual odors used in OSIT-J. Our study findings provide deeper insight into the underlying mechanism of olfactory function in patients with TLE and may be beneficial in the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Motoki
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Akamatsu
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Epilepsy Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Narita, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Fumuro
- International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Narita, Japan
| | - Ayako Miyoshi
- Epilepsy Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Shinji Ohara
- Epilepsy Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Shigeto
- Epilepsy Center, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; Kyushu University Division of Medical Technology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murai
- International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Narita, Japan; International University of Health and Welfare School of Medical Sciences at Okawa, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Okawa, Japan
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13
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Chen M, Chen Y, Huo Q, Wang L, Tan S, Misrani A, Jiang J, Chen J, Chen S, Zhang J, Tabassum S, Wang J, Chen X, Long C, Yang L. Enhancing GABAergic signaling ameliorates aberrant gamma oscillations of olfactory bulb in AD mouse models. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:14. [PMID: 33663578 PMCID: PMC7934466 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Before the deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and the onset of learning memory deficits, patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) experience olfactory dysfunction, typified by a reduced ability to detect, discriminate, and identify odors. Rodent models of AD, such as the Tg2576 and APP/PS1 mice, also display impaired olfaction, accompanied by aberrant in vivo or in vitro gamma rhythms in the olfactory pathway. However, the mechanistic relationships between the electrophysiological, biochemical and behavioral phenomena remain unclear. Methods To address the above issues in AD models, we conducted in vivo measurement of local field potential (LFP) with a combination of in vitro electro-olfactogram (EOG), whole-cell patch and field recordings to evaluate oscillatory and synaptic function and pharmacological regulation in the olfactory pathway, particularly in the olfactory bulb (OB). Levels of protein involved in excitation and inhibition of the OB were investigated by western blotting and fluorescence staining, while behavioral studies assessed olfaction and memory function. Results LFP measurements demonstrated an increase in gamma oscillations in the OB accompanied by altered olfactory behavior in both APP/PS1 and 3xTg mice at 3–5 months old, i.e. an age before the onset of plaque formation. Fewer olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and a reduced EOG contributed to a decrease in the excitatory responses of M/T cells, suggesting a decreased ability of M/T cells to trigger interneuron GABA release indicated by altered paired-pulse ratio (PPR), a presynaptic parameter. Postsynaptically, there was a compensatory increase in levels of GABAAR α1 and β3 subunits and subsequent higher amplitude of inhibitory responses. Strikingly, the GABA uptake inhibitor tiagabine (TGB) ameliorated abnormal gamma oscillations and levels of GABAAR subunits, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for early AD symptoms. These findings reveal increased gamma oscillations in the OB as a core indicator prior to onset of AD and uncover mechanisms underlying aberrant gamma activity in the OB. Conclusions This study suggests that the concomitant dysfunction of both olfactory behavior and gamma oscillations have important implications for early AD diagnosis: in particular, awareness of aberrant GABAergic signaling mechanisms might both aid diagnosis and suggest therapeutic strategies for olfactory damage in AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00434-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yunan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qingwei Huo
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuyi Tan
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Afzal Misrani
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinxiang Jiang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sidra Tabassum
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jichen Wang
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Li Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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14
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Uchida S, Shimada C, Sakuma N, Kagitani F, Kan A, Awata S. The relationship between olfaction and cognitive function in the elderly. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:48. [PMID: 33054707 PMCID: PMC10717970 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between olfaction and cognitive function in 12 elderly people (age: 80.9 ± 1.6) living in the community. Olfactory function was assessed by the identification threshold for rose odor. Four cognitive measures consisting general cognitive ability assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), its sub-domains, and attentional ability assessed by drawing a line to connect the numbers consecutively (trail-making test part A; TMT-A), were assessed. Subjects with a higher olfactory threshold (≥ 5) declined more in the performance speed of TMT-A (73% ± 7%, p = 0.05) compared with those subjects with a lower threshold (≤ 4) (averaged value was set at 100%). Other cognitive statuses assessed by MMSE tended to decline in subjects with higher thresholds. Because attentional function relates to the basal forebrain cholinergic system, our results suggest that olfactory impairment links to the decline in cognitive function, particularly of attention-relating cholinergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Uchida
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Chiho Shimada
- Department of Exploring End-of-Life Care for the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Sakuma
- Department of Dementia and Mental Health Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fusako Kagitani
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Akiko Kan
- Department of Health Services Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Awata
- Department of Dementia and Mental Health Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Hanaoka H, Muraki T, Okamura H. Study of aromas as reminiscence triggers in community-dwelling older adults in Japan. J Rural Med 2019; 14:87-94. [PMID: 31191771 PMCID: PMC6545421 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigates the presence or absence of reminiscence
experiences in older adults when using aromas. Focusing on 40 scents familiar to Japanese
people, our objective was to determine points of caution for aroma selection and use in
reminiscence therapy. Materials and Methods: The participants were 118 community-dwelling older
adults aged 65 years and older. They were asked about the experience of recalling the past
in response to stimuli of 40 aromas on the Japanese version of the University of
Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-J). In addition, an olfactory visual analog
scale (VAS) was used to evaluate olfactory function. Furthermore, a questionnaire-based
survey was administered instead of asking participants to actually smell the odorants in
the UPSIT-J. Results: At least 70% of the participants experienced recalling the past
triggered by 16 aromas including sandalwood and yuzu fruit. Furthermore, 15 of the scents
demonstrated a significant association with age, gender, and olfactory function. Conclusion: These results suggest the importance of considering method, age,
and gender when selecting olfactory stimuli. In addition, frequently recalled aromas might
evoke reminiscence in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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16
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Harita M, Miwa T, Shiga H, Yamada K, Sugiyama E, Okabe Y, Miyake Y, Okuno T, Iritani O, Morimoto S. Association of olfactory impairment with indexes of sarcopenia and frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19:384-391. [PMID: 30968523 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Individuals with olfactory or gustatory impairment often have associated difficulties with food-related activities. As both functions decline in older adults, we investigated the association of these impairments with sarcopenia/frailty indexes in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A total of 141 participants (69 men and 72 women, mean age 73.0 years) were enrolled. Odor identification was examined using the Open Essence test. Salty and sweet tastes were assessed using a whole-mouth gustatory test. Participants underwent evaluation of the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) by InBody720 and grip strength, and determination of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures frailty index. RESULTS Participants with olfactory impairment (Open Essence ≤7), but not with gustatory impairment, showed a significantly higher prevalence of ASMI and grip strength less than the cut-off values recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures frailty and/or pre-frailty status, compared with those without impairment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of olfactory impairment with ASMI less than the cut-off value, grip strength less than the cut-off value, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia sarcopenia and pre-frailty/frailty in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures index in the whole population, and with ASMI less than the cut-off value and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia sarcopenia in women, after adjustment. Three (Japanese cypress, wood and roasted garlic) and four (Japanese orange, India ink, menthol and curry) Open Essence odorants were elucidated as the "sarcopenia subset" and "frailty subset," respectively, and showed higher ability to identify sarcopenia and frailty status, compared with the remaining five odorants. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that olfactory impairment is closely associated with sarcopenia and/or frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 384-391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Harita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shiga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tazuo Okuno
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Comprehensive Care on Memory Disorders, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Iritani
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Comprehensive Care on Memory Disorders, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shigeto Morimoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Comprehensive Care on Memory Disorders, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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17
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Lee JH, Zhang JY, Wei ZZ, Yu SP. Impaired social behaviors and minimized oxytocin signaling of the adult mice deficient in the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor GluN3A subunit. Exp Neurol 2018; 305:1-12. [PMID: 29554474 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), whose unique clinical hallmark is a constellation of impaired social and/or cognitive behaviors. GluN3A (NR3A) is a unique inhibitory subunit in the NMDAR complex. The role of GluN3A in social behavioral activities is obscure. In this study, we sought to evaluate altered social activities in adult GluN3A knockout (KO) mice. GluN3A KO mice spent less time in reciprocal social interaction in the social interaction test compared to wild-type (WT) mice. A social approach test using a three-chamber system confirmed that mice lacking GluN3A had lower sociability and did not exhibit a preference for social novelty. GluN3A KO mice displayed abnormal food preference in the social transmission of food preference task and low social interaction activity in the five-trial social memory test, but without social memory deficits. Using a home cage monitoring system, we observed reduced social grooming behavior in GluN3A KO mice. Signaling genes that might mediate the altered social behaviors were examined in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. Among nine genes examined, the expression of the oxytocin receptor was significantly lower in the prefrontal cortex of GluN3A KO mice than that in WT mice. Oxytocin treatment rescued social activity deficits in GluN3A KO mice. These findings support a novel idea that a chronic state of moderate increases in NMDAR activities may lead to downregulation of the oxytocin signaling and impaired behavioral activities that are seen in psychiatric/neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James Ya Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zheng Zachory Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA.
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