1
|
Dave N, Iqbal A, Patel M, Kant T, Yadav VK, Sahoo DK, Patel A. Deciphering the key pathway for triterpenoid biosynthesis in Azadirachta indica A. Juss.: a comprehensive review of omics studies in nature's pharmacy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1256091. [PMID: 38023910 PMCID: PMC10664250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1256091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, Azadirachta indica, or Neem, has been a well-known species of plant that produces a broad range of bioactive terpenoid chemicals that are involved in a variety of biological functions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the biosynthesis and control of terpenoid synthesis is majorly dependent on successfully identifying the genes that are involved in their production. This review provides an overview of the recent developments concerning the identification of genes in A. indica that are responsible for the production of terpenoids. Numerous candidate genes encoding enzymes that are involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway have been found through the use of transcriptomic and genomic techniques. These candidate genes include those that are responsible for the precursor synthesis, cyclization, and modification of terpenoid molecules. In addition, cutting-edge omics technologies, such as metabolomics and proteomics, have helped to shed light on the intricate regulatory networks that govern terpenoid biosynthesis. These networks are responsible for the production of terpenoids. The identification and characterization of genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in A. indica presents potential opportunities for genetic engineering and metabolic engineering strategies targeted at boosting terpenoid production as well as discovering novel bioactive chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Dave
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | - Atif Iqbal
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | - Margi Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarun Kant
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumara PM, Varun E, Sanjay JR, Madhushree AH, Thimmappa R. De novo transcriptome analysis of Dysoxylum binectariferum to unravel the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically relevant specialized metabolites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1098987. [PMID: 37636089 PMCID: PMC10450223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1098987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The tropical tree, D. binectariferum, is a prominent source of chromone alkaloid rohitukine, which is used in the semi-syntheses of anticancer molecules such as flavopiridol and P-276-00. The biosynthetic pathway of rohitukine or its derivatives is currently unknown in plants. Here, we explored chromone alkaloid biosynthesis in D. binectariferum through targeted transcriptome sequencing. Illumina sequencing of leaves and roots of a year-old D. binectariferum seedling generated, 42.43 and 38.74 million paired-end short reads, respectively. Quality filtering and de novo assembly of the transcriptome generated 274,970 contigs and 126,788 unigenes with an N50 contig length of 1560 bp. The assembly generated 117,619 translated unigene protein sequences and 51,598 non-redundant sequences. Nearly 80% of these non-redundant sequences were annotated to publicly available protein and nucleotide databases, suggesting the completeness and effectiveness of the transcriptome assembly. Using the assembly, we identified a chalcone synthase (CHS) and three type III polyketide synthases (PKS-III; non-CHS type) that are likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of chromone ring/noreugenin moiety of rohitukine. We also identified key enzymes like lysine decarboxylase in the piperidine pathway that make the piperidine moiety of rohitukine. Besides these, the upstream enzymes in flavonoid biosynthesis like phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H),4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), and chalcone isomerase (CHI) have also been identified. Also, terpene synthases that are likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of various terpenoid scaffolds have been identified. Together, the D. binectariferum transcriptome resource forms a basis for further exploration of biosynthetic pathways of these valuable compounds through functional validation of the candidate genes and metabolic engineering in heterologous hosts. Additionally, the transcriptome dataset generated will serve as an important resource for research on functional genomics and enzyme discovery in D. binectariferum and comparative analysis with other Meliaceae family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patel Mohana Kumara
- Department of Biotechnology and Crop Improvement, Kittur Rani Chennamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Eranna Varun
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Joshi Renuka Sanjay
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anchedoddi Hanumegowda Madhushree
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesha Thimmappa
- Amity Institute of Genome Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu X, Liu Z, Sun X. Single-cell and spatial multi-omics in the plant sciences: Technical advances, applications, and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100508. [PMID: 36540021 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain a large number of cell types and exhibit complex regulatory mechanisms. Studies at the single-cell level have gradually become more common in plant science. Single-cell transcriptomics, spatial transcriptomics, and spatial metabolomics techniques have been combined to analyze plant development. These techniques have been used to study the transcriptomes and metabolomes of plant tissues at the single-cell level, enabling the systematic investigation of gene expression and metabolism in specific tissues and cell types during defined developmental stages. In this review, we present an overview of significant breakthroughs in spatial multi-omics in plants, and we discuss how these approaches may soon play essential roles in plant research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, P.R. China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, P.R. China
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui G, Li Y, Yi X, Wang J, Lin P, Lu C, Zhang Q, Gao L, Zhong G. Meliaceae genomes provide insights into wood development and limonoids biosynthesis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:574-590. [PMID: 36453987 PMCID: PMC9946144 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Meliaceae is a useful plant family owing to its high-quality timber and its many limonoids that have pharmacological and biological activities. Although some genomes of Meliaceae species have been reported, many questions regarding their unique family features, namely wood quality and natural products, have not been answered. In this study, we provide the whole-genome sequence of Melia azedarach comprising 237.16 Mb with a contig N50 of 8.07 Mb, and an improved genome sequence of Azadirachta indica comprising 223.66 Mb with a contig N50 of 8.91 Mb. Moreover, genome skimming data, transcriptomes and other published genomes were comprehensively analysed to determine the genes and proteins that produce superior wood and valuable limonoids. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genomes, single-copy gene families and single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that Meliaceae should be classified into two subfamilies: Cedreloideae and Melioideae. Although the Meliaceae species did not undergo additional whole-genome duplication events, the secondary wall biosynthetic genes of the woody Cedreloideae species, Toona sinensis, expanded significantly compared to those of A. indica and M. azedarach, especially in downstream transcription factors and cellulose/hemicellulose biosynthesis-related genes. Moreover, expanded special oxidosqualene cyclase catalogues can help diversify Sapindales skeletons, and the clustered genes that regulate terpene chain elongation, cyclization and modification would support their roles in limonoid biosynthesis. The expanded clans of terpene synthase, O-methyltransferase and cytochrome P450, which are mainly derived from tandem duplication, are responsible for the different limonoid classes among the species. These results are beneficial for further investigations of wood development and limonoid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Cui
- College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of EducationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institution of Genomics and BioinformaticsSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yun Li
- College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of EducationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xin Yi
- College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of EducationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jieyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Peifan Lin
- Institution of Genomics and BioinformaticsSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cui Lu
- Institution of Genomics and BioinformaticsSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qunjie Zhang
- Institution of Genomics and BioinformaticsSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lizhi Gao
- Engineering Research Center for Selecting and Breeding New Tropical Crop Varieties, Ministry of Education, College of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Guohua Zhong
- College of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of EducationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Zhan C, Chen R, Li W, Song H, Zhao G, Wen M, Liang D, Qiao J. Achievements and perspectives of synthetic biology in botanical insecticides. J Cell Physiol 2022. [PMID: 36183373 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Botanical insecticides are the origin of all insecticidal compounds. They have been widely used to control pests in crops for a long time. Currently, the commercial production of botanical insecticides extracted from plants is limited because of insufficient raw material supply. Synthetic biology is a promising and effective approach for addressing the current problems of the production of botanical insecticides. It is an emerging biological research hotspot in the field of botanical insecticides. However, the biosynthetic pathways of many botanical insecticides are not completely elucidated. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity of botanical pesticides and low efficiency of these biosynthetic enzymes in new hosts make it still challenging for their heterologous production. In the present review, we summarized the recent developments in the heterologous production of botanical insecticides, analyzed the current challenges, and discussed the feasible production strategies, focusing on elucidating biosynthetic pathways, enzyme engineering, host engineering, and cytotoxicity engineering. Looking to the future, synthetic biology promises to further advance heterologous production of more botanical pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Chuanling Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Hongjian Song
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhang Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Research Institute of Tianjin University, Shaoxing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo J, Sun Y, Li Q, Kong L. Research progress of meliaceous limonoids from 2011 to 2021. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1325-1365. [PMID: 35608367 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: July 2010 to December 2021Limonoids, a kind of natural tetranortriterpenoids with diverse skeletons and valuable insecticidal and medicinal bioactivities, are the characteristic metabolites of most plants of the Meliaceae family. The chemistry and bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids are a continuing hot area of natural products research; to date, about 2700 meliaceous limonoids have been identified. In particular, more than 1600, including thirty kinds of novel rearranged skeletons, have been isolated and identified in the past decade due to their wide distribution and abundant content in Meliaceae plants and active biosynthetic pathways. In addition to the discovery of new structures, many positive medicinal bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids have been investigated, and extensive achievements regarding the chemical and biological synthesis have been made. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the discovery of new structures, medicinal and agricultural bioactivities, and chem/biosynthesis of limonoids from the plants of the Meliaceae family during the past decade, with an emphasis on the discovery of limonoids with novel skeletons, the medicinal bioactivities and mechanisms, and chemical synthesis. The structures, origins, and bioactivities of other new limonoids were provided as ESI. Studies published from July 2010 to December 2021 are reviewed, and 482 references are cited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiurong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paul S, Reyes-Pérez P, Angulo-Bejarano PI, Srivastava A, Ramalingam S, Sharma A. Characterization of microRNAs from neem ( Azadirachta indica) and their tissue-specific expression study in leaves and stem. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:277. [PMID: 34040926 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a very popular traditional medicinal plant used since ancient times to treat numerous ailments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, non-coding, short RNA molecules that play important regulatory roles in plant development and metabolism. In this study, deploying a high stringent genome-wide computational-based approach and following a set of strict filtering norms a total of 44 potential conserved neem miRNAs belonging to 21 families and their corresponding 48 potential target transcripts were identified. Important targets include Squamosa promoter binding protein-like proteins, NAC, Scarecrow proteins, Auxin response factor, and F-box proteins. A biological network has also been developed to understand the miRNA-mediated gene regulation using the minimum free energy (MFE) values of the miRNA-target interaction. Moreover, six selected miRNAs were reported to be involved in secondary metabolism in other plant species (miR156a, miR156l, miR160, miR164, miR171, miR395) were validated by qPCR and their tissue-specific differential expression pattern was observed in leaves and stem. Except for ain-miR395, all the other miRNAs were found overexpressed in the stem as compared to leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of neem miRNAs and we believe the finding of the present study will be useful for the functional genomic study of medicinal plants. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02839-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130 Queretaro, CP Mexico
| | - Paula Reyes-Pérez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130 Queretaro, CP Mexico
| | - Paola Isabel Angulo-Bejarano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130 Queretaro, CP Mexico
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Section of Bioinformatics, Clinical Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Sathishkumar Ramalingam
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130 Queretaro, CP Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Multi-tissue transcriptome analysis using hybrid-sequencing reveals potential genes and biological pathways associated with azadirachtin A biosynthesis in neem (azadirachta indica). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:749. [PMID: 33115410 PMCID: PMC7592523 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azadirachtin A is a triterpenoid from neem tree exhibiting excellent activities against over 600 insect species in agriculture. The production of azadirachtin A depends on extraction from neem tissues, which is not an eco-friendly and sustainable process. The low yield and discontinuous supply of azadirachtin A impedes further applications. The biosynthetic pathway of azadirachtin A is still unknown and is the focus of our study. RESULTS We attempted to explore azadirachtin A biosynthetic pathway and identified the key genes involved by analyzing transcriptome data from five neem tissues through the hybrid-sequencing (Illumina HiSeq and Pacific Biosciences Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT)) approach. Candidates were first screened by comparing the expression levels between the five tissues. After phylogenetic analysis, domain prediction, and molecular docking studies, 22 candidates encoding 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), alcohol dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 (CYP450), acyltransferase, and esterase were proposed to be potential genes involved in azadirachtin A biosynthesis. Among them, two unigenes encoding homologs of MaOSC1 and MaCYP71CD2 were identified. A unigene encoding the complete homolog of MaCYP71BQ5 was reported. Accuracy of the assembly was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and full-length PCR cloning. CONCLUSIONS By integrating and analyzing transcriptome data from hybrid-seq technology, 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were finally selected as candidates involved in azadirachtin A pathway. The obtained reliable and accurate sequencing data provided important novel information for understanding neem genome. Our data shed new light on understanding the biosynthesis of other triterpenoids in neem trees and provides a reference for exploring other valuable natural product biosynthesis in plants.
Collapse
|
9
|
Vasav AP, Pable AA, Barvkar VT. Differential transcriptome and metabolome analysis of Plumbago zeylanica L. reveal putative genes involved in plumbagin biosynthesis. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104761. [PMID: 33069837 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin is a pharmacologically active naphthoquinone present in the Plumbago zeylanica L. having important medicinal properties. The root of P. zeylanica is rich and primary tissue of the plumbagin biosynthesis and accumulation. The complete biosynthetic pathway of plumbagin in plant is still obscure. The present study attempts to understand the plumbagin biosynthetic pathway with the help of differential transcriptome and metabolome analysis of P. zeylanica leaf and root. The transcriptome data showed co-expression of Aldo-keto reductase (PzAKR), Polyketide cyclase (Pzcyclase) and Cytochrome P450 (PzCYPs) transcripts along with the Polyketide synthase (PzPKS) transcripts. Their higher expression in root as compared to leaf supports their possible involvement in plumbagin biosynthesis. The metabolome data of leaf and root revealed naphthalene derivative isoshinanolone that could be potential precursor of plumbagin. Pathway elucidation and transcriptome data of P. zeylanica, will enable and accelerate research on naphthoquinone biosynthesis in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arati P Vasav
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Anupama A Pable
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Identification of key enzymes responsible for protolimonoid biosynthesis in plants: Opening the door to azadirachtin production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17096-17104. [PMID: 31371503 PMCID: PMC6708365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906083116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Limonoids are natural products made by members of the Meliaceae and Rutaceae families. Some limonoids (e.g., azadirachtin) are toxic to insects yet harmless to mammals. The use of limonoids in crop protection and other applications currently depends on extraction from limonoid-producing plants. Metabolic engineering offers opportunities to generate crop plants with enhanced insect resistance and also to produce high-value limonoids (e.g., for pharmaceutical use) by expression in heterologous hosts. However, to achieve this the enzymes responsible for limonoid biosynthesis must first be characterized. Here we identify 3 conserved enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the protolimonoid melianol, a precursor to limonoids, from Melia azedarach and Citrus sinensis, so paving the way for limonoid metabolic engineering and diversification. Limonoids are natural products made by plants belonging to the Meliaceae (Mahogany) and Rutaceae (Citrus) families. They are well known for their insecticidal activity, contribution to bitterness in citrus fruits, and potential pharmaceutical properties. The best known limonoid insecticide is azadirachtin, produced by the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). Despite intensive investigation of limonoids over the last half century, the route of limonoid biosynthesis remains unknown. Limonoids are classified as tetranortriterpenes because the prototypical 26-carbon limonoid scaffold is postulated to be formed from a 30-carbon triterpene scaffold by loss of 4 carbons with associated furan ring formation, by an as yet unknown mechanism. Here we have mined genome and transcriptome sequence resources for 3 diverse limonoid-producing species (A. indica, Melia azedarach, and Citrus sinensis) to elucidate the early steps in limonoid biosynthesis. We identify an oxidosqualene cyclase able to produce the potential 30-carbon triterpene scaffold precursor tirucalla-7,24-dien-3β-ol from each of the 3 species. We further identify coexpressed cytochrome P450 enzymes from M. azedarach (MaCYP71CD2 and MaCYP71BQ5) and C. sinensis (CsCYP71CD1 and CsCYP71BQ4) that are capable of 3 oxidations of tirucalla-7,24-dien-3β-ol, resulting in spontaneous hemiacetal ring formation and the production of the protolimonoid melianol. Our work reports the characterization of protolimonoid biosynthetic enzymes from different plant species and supports the notion of pathway conservation between both plant families. It further paves the way for engineering crop plants with enhanced insect resistance and producing high-value limonoids for pharmaceutical and other applications by expression in heterologous hosts.
Collapse
|
11
|
Berni R, Cantini C, Romi M, Hausman JF, Guerriero G, Cai G. Agrobiotechnology Goes Wild: Ancient Local Varieties as Sources of Bioactives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2248. [PMID: 30071603 PMCID: PMC6121869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and use of species that have best adapted to their growth territory is of paramount importance to preserve biodiversity while promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Parameters including resistance to natural conditions (biotic and abiotic risk factors), biomass and fruit productivity, and phytochemical content with nutraceutical potential, could be used as quantitative markers of the adaptability of plants to wild environments characterized by minimal human impact. Ancient varieties, which are plant varieties growing in regional territories and not destined for market distribution, are a source of unique genetic characters derived from many years of adaptation to the original territory. These plants are often more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, these varieties have a high phytochemical (also known as bioactives) content considered health-beneficial. Notably, the content of these compounds is often lower in commercial cultivars. The use of selected territorial varieties according to the cultivation area represents an opportunity in the agricultural sector in terms of biodiversity preservation, environmental sustainability, and valorization of the final products. Our survey highlights the nutraceutical potential of ancient local varieties and stresses the importance of holistic studies (-omics) to investigate their physiology and secondary metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Trees and Timber Institute-National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IVALSA), via Aurelia 49, 58022 Follonica (GR), Italy.
| | - Claudio Cantini
- Trees and Timber Institute-National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IVALSA), via Aurelia 49, 58022 Follonica (GR), Italy.
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|