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Chauhan S, Dhalaria R, Ghoshal S, Kanwal KS, Verma R. Altitudinal Impact on Phytochemical Composition and Mycorrhizal Diversity of Taxus Contorta Griff in the Temperate Forest of Shimla District. J Basic Microbiol 2024:e2400016. [PMID: 38922741 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Taxus contorta (family Taxaceae) is a native plant of temperate region of western Himalaya. The current study investigated the effect of altitude on the phytochemical composition and mycorrhizal diversity, associated with distribution of T. contorta in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh, India. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts indicated that alkaloid levels decreased with altitude, with the highest value in Himri's methanol extracts (72.79 ± 1.08 mg/g) while phenol content increased with altitude, peaking in Nankhari's methanol extracts (118.83 ± 5.90 mg/g). Saponin content was higher in methanol extracts (78.13 ± 1.66 mg/g in Nankhari, 68.06 ± 1.92 mg/g in Pabbas, and 56.32 ± 1.93 mg/g in Himri). Flavonoid levels were notably higher in chloroform extracts, particularly in Nankhari (219.97 ± 2.99 mg/g), and positively correlated with altitude. Terpenoids were higher in chloroform extracts at Himri (11.34 ± 0.10 mg/g) and decreased with altitude. Taxol content showed minimal variation between solvents and altitudes (4.53-6.98 ppm), while rutin was only detected in methanol extracts (1.31-1.46 ppm). Mycorrhizal spore counts in T. contorta's rhizosphere varied with altitude: highest at Himri (77.83 ± 2.20 spores/50 g soil), decreasing to Pabbas (68.06 ± 1.96 spores/50 g soil) and lowest at Nankhari (66.00 ± 2.77 spores/50 g soil), with 17 AMF species identified overall, showing significant altitudinal influence on spore density. The rhizosphere of T. contorta was shown to be dominated by the Glomus species. The rhizospheric soil of the plant was found to be slightly acidic. Organic carbon and available potassium content decreased contrasting with increasing available nitrogen and phosphorus with altitude. Correlation data showed strong negative links between organic carbon (-0.83), moderate positive for nitrogen (0.46) and phosphorus (0.414), and moderate negative for potassium (-0.56) with the altitude. This study provides a comprehensive insight into changes in phytochemical constituents, mycorrhizal diversity and soil composition of T. contorta along a range of altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Chauhan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shankharoop Ghoshal
- Biodiversity Monitoring and Conservation Planning, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K S Kanwal
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Leon D, Peyre G, Zobel M, Moora M, Meng Y, Diaz M, Bueno CG. Mycorrhizal symbioses in the Andean paramo. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:107-117. [PMID: 38151658 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The Andean paramo, hereafter "paramo", is a Neotropical high-mountain region between the treeline and permanent snowline (3500-4800 m) and is considered the world's coolest biodiversity hotspot. Because of paramo's high humidity, solar radiation and temperature variation, mycorrhizal symbiosis is expected to be essential for plants. Existing theory suggests that replacement of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and then ericoid mycorrhizal plants (ERM) can be expected with increasing elevation. Previous findings also suggest that non-(NM) and facultatively mycorrhizal (FM) species predominate over obligatory mycorrhizal (OM) species at high elevations. However, these expectations have never been tested outside of the northern temperate zone. We addressed the distribution and environmental drivers of plant mycorrhizal types (AM, ECM and ERM) and statuses (NM, FM and OM) along the paramo's elevational gradient. We used vegetation plots from the VegParamo database, climatic and edaphic data from online repositories, and up-to-date observation information about plant mycorrhizal traits at species and genus level, the latter being proposed as hypotheses. AM plants were dominant along the entire gradient, and ERM plants were most abundant at the lowest elevations (2500-3000 m). The share of FM plants increased and that of OM plants decreased with elevation, while NM plants increased above 4000 m. Temperature and soil pH were positively related to the abundance of AM plants and negatively to ERM plants. Our results reveal patterns that contrast with those observed in temperate northern-hemisphere ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Leon
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Gwendolyn Peyre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1E # 9 19A-40, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yiming Meng
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria Diaz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1E # 9 19A-40, Bogota, Colombia
| | - C Guillermo Bueno
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Afshana, Reshi ZA, Shah MA, Malik RA, Rashid I. Species composition of root-associated mycobiome of ruderal invasive Anthemis cotula L. varies with elevation in Kashmir Himalaya. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:1053-1071. [PMID: 37093323 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the microbial communities associated with invasive plant species can provide insights into how these species establish and thrive in new environments. Here, we explored the fungal species associated with the roots of the invasive species Anthemis cotula L. at 12 sites with varying elevations in the Kashmir Himalaya. Illumina MiSeq platform was used to identify the species composition, diversity, and guild structure of these root-associated fungi. The study found a total of 706 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 8 phyla, 20 classes, 53 orders, 109 families, and 160 genera associated with roots of A. cotula, with the most common genus being Funneliformis. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) constituted the largest guild at higher elevations. The study also revealed that out of the 12 OTUs comprising the core mycobiome, 4 OTUs constituted the stable component while the remaining 8 OTUs comprised the dynamic component. While α-diversity did not vary across sites, significant variation was noted in β-diversity. The study confirmed the facilitative role of the microbiome through a greenhouse trial in which a significant effect of soil microbiome on height, shoot biomass, root biomass, number of flower heads, and internal CO2 concentration of the host plant was observed. The study indicates that diverse fungal mutualists get associated with this invasive alien species even in nutrient-rich ruderal habitats and may be contributing to its spread into higher elevations. This study highlights the importance of understanding the role of root-associated fungi in invasion dynamics and the potential use of mycobiome management strategies to control invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshana
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India.
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Rayees A Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
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Hiiesalu I, Schweichhart J, Angel R, Davison J, Doležal J, Kopecký M, Macek M, Řehakova K. Plant-symbiotic fungal diversity tracks variation in vegetation and the abiotic environment along an extended elevational gradient in the Himalayas. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad092. [PMID: 37562924 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can benefit plants under environmental stress, and influence plant adaptation to warmer climates. However, very little is known about the ecology of these fungi in alpine environments. We sampled plant roots along a large fraction (1941-6150 m asl (above sea level)) of the longest terrestrial elevational gradient on Earth and used DNA metabarcoding to identify AM fungi. We hypothesized that AM fungal alpha and beta diversity decreases with increasing elevation, and that different vegetation types comprise dissimilar communities, with cultured (putatively ruderal) taxa increasingly represented at high elevations. We found that the alpha diversity of AM fungal communities declined linearly with elevation, whereas within-site taxon turnover (beta diversity) was unimodally related to elevation. The composition of AM fungal communities differed between vegetation types and was influenced by elevation, mean annual temperature, and precipitation. In general, Glomeraceae taxa dominated at all elevations and vegetation types; however, higher elevations were associated with increased presence of Acaulosporaceae, Ambisporaceae, and Claroideoglomeraceae. Contrary to our expectation, the proportion of cultured AM fungal taxa in communities decreased with elevation. These results suggest that, in this system, climate-induced shifts in habitat conditions may facilitate more diverse AM fungal communities at higher elevations but could also favour ruderal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50 409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Johannes Schweichhart
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Na Sádkách 702/7 , 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roey Angel
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Na Sádkách 702/7 , 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - John Davison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50 409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jiři Doležal
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Dukelská 135, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Řehakova
- Biology Centre of the CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 702/7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the CAS, Dukelská 135, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
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Duan M, Li L, Ding G, Ma Z. Leading nutrient foraging strategies shaping by root system characteristics along the elevations in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2468-2479. [PMID: 35849054 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to root and mycorrhizal associations that define resource acquisition strategy, there is a need to identify the leading dimension across root physiology, morphology, architecture and whole plant biomass allocation to better predict the plant's responses to multiple environmental constraints. Here, we developed a new framework for understanding the variation in roots and symbiotic fungi by quantifying multiple-scale characteristics, ranging from anatomy to the whole plant. We chose the rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) grown at three elevations to test our framework and to identify the key dimensions for resource acquisition. Results showed that the quantities of absorptive roots and root system architecture, rather than single root traits, played the leading role in belowground resource acquisition. As the elevation increased from the low to high elevation, root length growth, productivity and root mass fraction (RMF) increased by 2.9-, 2.3- and 13.8-fold, respectively. The contribution of RMF to the changes in total root length was 3.6-fold that of specific root length (SRL). Root architecture exhibited higher plasticity than anatomy and morphology. Further, mycorrhizal colonization was highly sensitive to rising elevations with a non-monotonic pattern. By contrast, both leaf biomass and specific leaf area (traits) co-varied with increasing elevation. In summary, rubber trees changed root system architecture by allocating more biomass and lowering the reliance on mycorrhizal fungi rather than improving single root efficiency in adapting to high elevation. Our framework is instructive for traits-based ecology; accurate assessments of forest carbon cycling in response to resource gradient should account for the leading dimension of root system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Duan
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Li
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Gaigai Ding
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zeqing Ma
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Rasmussen PU, Abrego N, Roslin T, Öpik M, Sepp S, Blanchet FG, Huotari T, Hugerth LW, Tack AJM. Elevation and plant species identity jointly shape a diverse arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in the High Arctic. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:671-683. [PMID: 35751540 PMCID: PMC9796444 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the distribution and local diversity patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are limited for extreme environments such as the Arctic, where most studies have focused on spore morphology or root colonization. We here studied the joint effects of plant species identity and elevation on AM fungal distribution and diversity. We sampled roots of 19 plant species in 18 locations in Northeast Greenland, using next generation sequencing to identify AM fungi. We studied the joint effect of plant species, elevation and selected abiotic conditions on AM fungal presence, richness and composition. We identified 29 AM fungal virtual taxa (VT), of which six represent putatively new VT. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal presence increased with elevation, and as vegetation cover and the active soil layer decreased. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal composition was shaped jointly by elevation and plant species identity. We demonstrate that the Arctic harbours a relatively species-rich and nonrandomly distributed diversity of AM fungi. Given the high diversity and general lack of knowledge exposed herein, we encourage further research into the diversity, drivers and functional role of AM fungi in the Arctic. Such insight is urgently needed for an area with some of the globally highest rates of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil U. Rasmussen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversitySE‐106 91StockholmSweden
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment105 Lersø ParkalléDK‐2100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nerea Abrego
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27, (Latokartanonkaari 5)HelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27, (Latokartanonkaari 5)HelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7044UppsalaSE‐750 07Sweden
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Tartu40 Lai StreetTartu51005Estonia
| | - Siim‐Kaarel Sepp
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Tartu40 Lai StreetTartu51005Estonia
| | - F. Guillaume Blanchet
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des SciencesUniversité de Sherbrooke2500 Boulevard UniversitéSherbrookeQCJ1K 2R1Canada
- Département de Mathématiques, Faculté des SciencesUniversité de Sherbrooke2500 Boulevard UniversitéSherbrookeQCJ1K 2R1Canada
- Département des Sciences de la Santé Communautaire, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de Sherbrooke3001 12 Avenue NordSherbrookeQCJ1H 5N4Canada
| | - Tea Huotari
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27, (Latokartanonkaari 5)HelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
| | - Luisa W. Hugerth
- Department of Molecular, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Center for Translational Microbiome ResearchKarolinska InstitutetSE‐171 65SolnaSweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm UniversitySE‐106 91StockholmSweden
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Barabasz-Krasny B, Możdżeń K, Tatoj A, Rożek K, Zandi P, Schnug E, Stachurska-Swakoń A. Ecophysiological Parameters of Medicinal Plant Filipendula vulgaris in Diverse Habitat Conditions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081198. [PMID: 36009829 PMCID: PMC9405296 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study attempts to determine which of the habitats occupied by Filipendula vulgaris creates better conditions for its growth and development. Selected physiological parameters—PSII activity, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide content as well as biomass, the occurrence of mycorrhiza, and soil characteristics—were investigated. Grassland soils had a higher content of macronutrients and a lower concentration of heavy metals. The degree of colonization of F. vulgaris by AMF (Arum type) oscillated around high values in both types of stands. Plants growing on xerothermic grasslands achieved much better fluorescence parameters than those collected from meadows. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of chlorophyll content. The destabilization degree of cell membranes was significantly higher in plants collected in meadows than in grasslands. Biomass analysis showed higher values of these parameters in grassland plants. In the case of the parameters of fluorescence emission, plants growing on grasslands achieved significantly lower values than plants collected from meadows. The analyses carried out showed that better conditions for growth and physiological activity of F. vulgaris are probably associated with grasslands on a calcareous substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Barabasz-Krasny
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Tatoj
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rożek
- Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Peiman Zandi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
- International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewald Schnug
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Plant Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38-106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Insights into the beneficial roles of dark septate endophytes in plants under challenging environment: resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:79. [PMID: 35332399 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSE) exert a plethora of effects in regulating plant growth, signalling and stress tolerance. The advent of metagenomics has led to the identification of various species of DSE to be associated with plant organs. They are known to modulate growth, nutrient uptake, phytohormone biosynthesis and production of active bioconstituents in several plants. The interactions between the DSE and host plants are mostly mutualistic but they can also be neutral or exhibit negative interactions. The DSE has beneficial role in removal/sequestration of toxic heavy metals from various environmental sites. Here, we discuss the beneficial role of DSE in enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metal stress, drought conditions, high salinity and protection from various plant pathogens. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of stress resilience facilitated by DSE-plant interaction has also been discussed. The article also provides insights to some important future perspectives associated with DSE-mediated phytoremediation and reclamation of polluted land worldwide thus facilitating sustainable agriculture.
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Marian M, Licciardello G, Vicelli B, Pertot I, Perazzolli M. Ecology and potential functions of plant-associated microbial communities in cold environments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:fiab161. [PMID: 34910139 PMCID: PMC8769928 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex microbial communities are associated with plants and can improve their resilience under harsh environmental conditions. In particular, plants and their associated communities have developed complex adaptation strategies against cold stress. Although changes in plant-associated microbial community structure have been analysed in different cold regions, scarce information is available on possible common taxonomic and functional features of microbial communities across cold environments. In this review, we discuss recent advances in taxonomic and functional characterization of plant-associated microbial communities in three main cold regions, such as alpine, Arctic and Antarctica environments. Culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches are analysed, in order to highlight the main factors affecting the taxonomic structure of plant-associated communities in cold environments. Moreover, biotechnological applications of plant-associated microorganisms from cold environments are proposed for agriculture, industry and medicine, according to biological functions and cold adaptation strategies of bacteria and fungi. Although further functional studies may improve our knowledge, the existing literature suggest that plants growing in cold environments harbor complex, host-specific and cold-adapted microbial communities, which may play key functional roles in plant growth and survival under cold conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Marian
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Giorgio Licciardello
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Bianca Vicelli
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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10
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Huo L, Gao R, Hou X, Yu X, Yang X. Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte colonization in Artemisia roots responds differently to environmental gradients in eastern and central China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148808. [PMID: 34252763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) are two types of root symbiotic fungi that enhance nutrient uptake by host plants and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, it remains unclear whether AMF and DSE are synergistic or antagonistic in the presence of host plants to environmental gradients, especially on large geographical scales. To determine the relationships between AMF and DSE and their adaptability on a regional scale, we measured AMF and DSE colonization in the roots of 1023 plants of different species within the Artemisia genus collected from 81 sites across central and eastern China. We used general linear mixed models to analyze the relationships between colonization, and temperature and precipitation conditions. We found no significant correlation between AMF and DSE. The AMF colonization rate followed a significant longitudinal trend, but there was no latitudinal pattern. DSE colonization did not follow any geographical pattern. The AMF colonization rate was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation, whereas it was not significantly correlated with soil. There was no significant correlation between DSE colonization and climate or soil. Our results suggest that AMF and DSE play independent roles in the response of Artemisia to the regional environment. Therefore, studies on mycorrhizal symbiosis should discern the differential responses between AMF and DSE to climate and soil when evaluating the adaptability of the two types of symbiosis on large geographical scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; The School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Ruiru Gao
- The School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi, Linfen 041000, China.
| | - Xinyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; The School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- The School of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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11
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Harrower JT, Gilbert GS. Parasitism to mutualism continuum for Joshua trees inoculated with different communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from a desert elevation gradient. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256068. [PMID: 34449786 PMCID: PMC8396742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most desert plants form symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), yet fungal identity and impacts on host plants remain largely unknown. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of AMF relationships for plant functioning, we do not know how fungal community structure changes across a desert climate gradient, nor the impacts of different fungal communities on host plant species. Because climate change can shape the distribution of species through effects on species interactions, knowing how the ranges of symbiotic partners are geographically structured and the outcomes of those species interactions informs theory and improves management recommendations. Here we used high throughput sequencing to examine the AMF community of Joshua trees along a climate gradient in Joshua Tree National Park. We then used a range of performance measures and abiotic factors to evaluate how different AMF communities may affect Joshua tree fitness. We found that fungal communities change with elevation resulting in a spectrum of interaction outcomes from mutualism to parasitism that changed with the developmental stage of the plant. Nutrient accumulation and the mycorrhizal growth response of Joshua tree seedlings inoculated with fungi from the lowest (warmest) elevations was first negative, but after 9 months had surpassed that of plants with other fungal treatments. This indicates that low elevation fungi are costly for the plant to initiate symbiosis, yet confer benefits over time. The strong relationship between AMF community and plant growth suggests that variation in AMF community may have long term consequences for plant populations along an elevation gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Harrower
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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12
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Jain R, Bhardwaj P, Pandey SS, Kumar S. Arnebia euchroma, a Plant Species of Cold Desert in the Himalayas, Harbors Beneficial Cultivable Endophytes in Roots and Leaves. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:696667. [PMID: 34335527 PMCID: PMC8322769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.696667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The endophytic mutualism of plants with microorganisms often leads to several benefits to its host including plant health and survival under extreme environments. Arnebia euchroma is an endangered medicinal plant that grows naturally in extreme cold and arid environments in the Himalayas. The present study was conducted to decipher the cultivable endophytic diversity associated with the leaf and root tissues of A. euchroma. A total of 60 bacteria and 33 fungi including nine yeasts were isolated and characterized at the molecular level. Among these, Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum with the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria (76.67%) and genus Pseudomonas. Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum (72.73%) dominated by class Eurotiales (42.42%) and genus Penicillium among isolated fungal endophytes. Leaf tissues showed a higher richness (Schao1) of both bacterial and fungal communities as compared to root tissues. The abilities of endophytes to display plant growth promotion (PGP) through phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) solubilization and production of ACC deaminase (ACCD), indole acetic acid (IAA), and siderophores were also investigated under in vitro conditions. Of all the endophytes, 21.51% produced ACCD, 89.25% solubilized P, 43.01% solubilized K, 68.82% produced IAA, and 76.34% produced siderophores. Six bacteria and one fungal endophyte displayed all the five PGP traits. The study demonstrated that A. euchroma is a promising source of beneficial endophytes with multiple growth-promoting traits. These endophytes can be used for improving stress tolerance in plants under nutrient-deficient and cold/arid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jain
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Priyanka Bhardwaj
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shiv Shanker Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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13
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Durán M, San Emeterio L, Múgica L, Zabalgogeazcoa I, Vázquez de Aldana BR, Canals RM. Disruption of Traditional Grazing and Fire Regimes Shape the Fungal Endophyte Assemblages of the Tall-Grass Brachypodium rupestre. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:679729. [PMID: 34177863 PMCID: PMC8226146 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.679729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant microbiome is likely to play a key role in the resilience of communities to the global climate change. This research analyses the culturable fungal mycobiota of Brachypodium rupestre across a sharp gradient of disturbance caused by an intense, anthropogenic fire regime. This factor has dramatic consequences for the community composition and diversity of high-altitude grasslands in the Pyrenees. Plants were sampled at six sites, and the fungal assemblages of shoots, rhizomes, and roots were characterized by culture-dependent techniques. Compared to other co-occurring grasses, B. rupestre hosted a poorer mycobiome which consisted of many rare species and a few core species that differed between aerial and belowground tissues. Recurrent burnings did not affect the diversity of the endophyte assemblages, but the percentages of infection of two core species -Omnidemptus graminis and Lachnum sp. -increased significantly. The patterns observed might be explained by (1) the capacity to survive in belowground tissues during winter and rapidly spread to the shoots when the grass starts its spring growth (O. graminis), and (2) the location in belowground tissues and its resistance to stress (Lachnum sp.). Future work should address whether the enhanced taxa have a role in the expansive success of B. rupestre in these anthropized environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Durán
- Grupo de Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro Jerónimo de Ayanz, Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia San Emeterio
- Grupo de Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro Jerónimo de Ayanz, Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Múgica
- Grupo de Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro Jerónimo de Ayanz, Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Zabalgogeazcoa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Rosa María Canals
- Grupo de Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro Jerónimo de Ayanz, Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Pamplona, Spain
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14
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Clavel J, Lembrechts J, Alexander J, Haider S, Lenoir J, Milbau A, Nuñez MA, Pauchard A, Nijs I, Verbruggen E. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in nonnative plant invasion along mountain roads. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1156-1168. [PMID: 32984980 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant associated mutualists can mediate invasion success by affecting the ecological niche of nonnative plant species. Anthropogenic disturbance is also key in facilitating invasion success through changes in biotic and abiotic conditions, but the combined effect of these two factors in natural environments is understudied. To better understand this interaction, we investigated how disturbance and its interaction with mycorrhizas could impact range dynamics of nonnative plant species in the mountains of Norway. Therefore, we studied the root colonisation and community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in disturbed vs undisturbed plots along mountain roads. We found that roadside disturbance strongly increases fungal diversity and richness while also promoting AM fungal root colonisation in an otherwise ecto-mycorrhiza and ericoid-mycorrhiza dominated environment. Surprisingly, AM fungi associating with nonnative plant species were present across the whole elevation gradient, even above the highest elevational limit of nonnative plants, indicating that mycorrhizal fungi are not currently limiting the upward movement of nonnative plants. We conclude that roadside disturbance has a positive effect on AM fungal colonisation and richness, possibly supporting the spread of nonnative plants, but that there is no absolute limitation of belowground mutualists, even at high elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Clavel
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Jonas Lembrechts
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Jake Alexander
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Haider
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80025, France
| | - Ann Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest - INBO, Brussels, 1000, Belgium
| | - Martin A Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
| | - Anibal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4030000, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
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15
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Bueno CG, Hiiesalu I, Koorem K. How and where do disturbances promote the establishment of nonnative mycorrhizal plants at high elevations? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:883-885. [PMID: 33786860 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Guillermo Bueno
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Street, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
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16
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Looby CI, Martin PH. Diversity and function of soil microbes on montane gradients: the state of knowledge in a changing world. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5891232. [PMID: 32780840 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountains have a long history in the study of diversity. Like macroscopic taxa, soil microbes are hypothesized to be strongly structured by montane gradients, and recently there has been important progress in understanding how microbes are shaped by these conditions. Here, we summarize this literature and synthesize patterns of microbial diversity on mountains. Unlike flora and fauna that often display a mid-elevation peak in diversity, we found a decline (34% of the time) or no trend (33%) in total microbial diversity with increasing elevation. Diversity of functional groups also varied with elevation (e.g. saprotrophic fungi declined 83% of the time). Most studies (82%) found that climate and soils (especially pH) were the primary mechanisms driving shifts in composition, and drivers differed across taxa-fungi were mostly determined by climate, while bacteria (48%) and archaea (71%) were structured primarily by soils. We hypothesize that the central role of soils-which can vary independently of other abiotic and geographic gradients-in structuring microbial communities weakens diversity patterns expected on montane gradients. Moving forward, we need improved cross-study comparability of microbial diversity indices (i.e. standardizing sequencing) and more geographic replication using experiments to broaden our knowledge of microbial biogeography on global gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin I Looby
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Patrick H Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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17
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Zhang M, Shi Z, Yang M, Lu S, Cao L, Wang X. Molecular Diversity and Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at Different Elevations in Mt. Taibai of Qinling Mountain. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:609386. [PMID: 33746912 PMCID: PMC7974767 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.609386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) play a vital role in ecosystems, especially in ecosystem variability, diversity, and function. Understanding the AMF diversity, distribution, and their driver at different altitudinal gradients is a benefit for understanding the ecological function of AMF in mountain ecosystems. In this study, we explored the AMF molecular diversity and their distribution from 660 to 3,500 m a.s.l. in Mount Taibai of Qinling Mountains based on high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 702 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 103 species of AMF are isolated from soil samples, which belong to 18 identified and 1 unidentified genus in 10 families. The fungi in the genus of Glomus is the most dominant, with the occurrence frequency of 100% and the relative abundance of 42.268% and 33.048% on the species and OTU level, respectively. The AMF colonization in root could be simulated by a cubic function with the change of altitudes with the peak and trough at a.s.l. 1,170 and 2,850 m, respectively. Further, AMF diversity indices including Sob, Shannon diversity, and Pielou evenness also showed the same cubic function change trends with increasing altitude at OTU and species levels. However, the average values of diversity indices at OTU level are always higher than these at the species level. Based on the OTU level, the highest and lowest values of Shannon and Pielou indices are observed at the altitudes of 1,400 and 2,800 m, respectively. The pattern of AMF community distribution in Mt. Taibai is driven by altitude with the characteristics of more abundance in the medium- to low-altitude than high-altitude areas. In general, abundant AMF molecular diversity and species exit in different elevations of Mt. Taibai, which indicate gradient changes with elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Shichuan Lu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
| | - Libing Cao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, China
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18
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Lee MA, Burger G, Green ER, Kooij PW. Relationships between resource availability and elevation vary between metrics creating gradients of nutritional complexity. Oecologia 2021; 195:213-223. [PMID: 33458802 PMCID: PMC7882561 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant and animal community composition changes at higher elevations on mountains. Plant and animal species richness generally declines with elevation, but the shape of the relationship differs between taxa. There are several proposed mechanisms, including the productivity hypotheses; that declines in available plant biomass confers fewer resources to consumers, thus supporting fewer species. We investigated resource availability as we ascended three aspects of Helvellyn mountain, UK, measuring several plant nutritive metrics, plant species richness and biomass. We observed a linear decline in plant species richness as we ascended the mountain but there was a unimodal relationship between plant biomass and elevation. Generally, the highest biomass values at mid-elevations were associated with the lowest nutritive values, except mineral contents which declined with elevation. Intra-specific and inter-specific increases in nutritive values nearer the top and bottom of the mountain indicated that physiological, phenological and compositional mechanisms may have played a role. The shape of the relationship between resource availability and elevation was different depending on the metric. Many consumers actively select or avoid plants based on their nutritive values and the abundances of consumer taxa vary in their relationships with elevation. Consideration of multiple nutritive metrics and of the nutritional requirements of the consumer may provide a greater understanding of changes to plant and animal communities at higher elevations. We propose a novel hypothesis for explaining elevational diversity gradients, which warrants further study; the ‘nutritional complexity hypothesis’, where consumer species coexist due to greater variation in the nutritional chemistry of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lee
- Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK.
| | - Grace Burger
- Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK.,Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Emma R Green
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Pepijn W Kooij
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK.,Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
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19
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Weemstra M, Freschet GT, Stokes A, Roumet C. Patterns in intraspecific variation in root traits are species‐specific along an elevation gradient. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Weemstra
- CEFE University of MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDUniversity Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
- AMAP INRAE CIRAD IRD CNRS University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Grégoire T. Freschet
- CEFE University of MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDUniversity Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale CNRS Moulis France
| | - Alexia Stokes
- AMAP INRAE CIRAD IRD CNRS University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFE University of MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDUniversity Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
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20
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Jerbi M, Labidi S, Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A, Chaar H, Ben Jeddi F. Higher temperatures and lower annual rainfall do not restrict, directly or indirectly, the mycorrhizal colonization of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under rainfed conditions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241794. [PMID: 33152013 PMCID: PMC7644023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant growth improvement has been well described in agroecosystems, little is known about the effect of environmental factors on AMF root colonization status of barley, the fourth most important cereal crop all over the world. In order to understand the influence of environmental factors, such as climatic and soil physico-chemical properties, on the spontaneous mycorrhizal ability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a field investigation was conducted in 31 different sites in sub-humid, upper and middle semi-arid areas of Northern Tunisia. Mycorrhizal root colonization of H. vulgare varied considerably among sites. Principal component analysis showed that barley mycorrhization is influenced by both climatic and edaphic factors. A partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) revealed that 39% (R²) of the total variation in AMF mycorrhizal rate of barley roots was mainly explained by chemical soil properties and climatic characteristics. Whereas barley root mycorrhizal rates were inversely correlated with soil organic nitrogen (ON), available phosphorus amounts (P), altitude (Z), average annual rainfall (AAR), they were directly correlated with soil pH and temperature. Our results indicated that AMF root colonization of barley was strongly related to climatic characteristics than chemical soil properties. The current study highlights the importance of the PLS-SEM to understand the interactions between climate, soil properties and AMF symbiosis of barley in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Jerbi
- Laboratoire des Sciences Horticoles LR13AGR01, Université de Carthage, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Tunis, Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Labidi
- Laboratoire des Sciences Horticoles LR13AGR01, Université de Carthage, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Tunis, Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui
- Université du Littoral Côte d′Opale, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Calais, France
| | - Hatem Chaar
- Laboratoire des Grandes Cultures LR16INRAT02, Université de Carthage, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Tunis, Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | - Faysal Ben Jeddi
- Laboratoire des Sciences Horticoles LR13AGR01, Université de Carthage, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Tunis, Mahrajène, Tunisia
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21
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22
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Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Newsham KK, Gundel PE, Torres-Díaz C, Molina-Montenegro MA. Functional roles of microbial symbionts in plant cold tolerance. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1034-1048. [PMID: 32281227 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we examine the functional roles of microbial symbionts in plant tolerance to cold and freezing stresses. The impacts of symbionts on antioxidant activity, hormonal signaling and host osmotic balance are described, including the effects of the bacterial endosymbionts Burkholderia, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum on photosynthesis and the accumulation of carbohydrates such as trehalose and raffinose that improve cell osmotic regulation and plasma membrane integrity. The influence of root fungal endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant physiology at low temperatures, for example their effects on nutrient acquisition and the accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid and antioxidants in tissues, are also reviewed. Meta-analyses are presented showing that aspects of plant performance (shoot biomass, relative water content, sugar and proline concentrations and Fv /Fm ) are enhanced in symbiotic plants at low (-1 to 15 °C), but not at high (20-26 °C), temperatures. We discuss the implications of microbial symbionts for plant performance at low and sub-zero temperatures in the natural environment and propose future directions for research into the effects of symbionts on the cold and freezing tolerances of plants, concluding that further studies should routinely incorporate symbiotic microbes in their experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Acuña-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Pedro E Gundel
- IFEVA, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Grupo de Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (BCG), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Campus Fernando May, Chillán, Chile
| | - Marco A Molina-Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Biología Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile.,Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Campus San Miguel, Talca, Chile
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23
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Atunnisa R, Ezawa T. Nestedness in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in a Volcanic Ecosystem: Selection of Disturbance-tolerant Fungi along an Elevation Gradient. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:327-333. [PMID: 31413228 PMCID: PMC6759341 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play a significant role in the establishment and resilience of vegetation in harsh environments, such as volcanic slopes, in which soil is frequently disturbed by ash falling and erosion. We characterized AM fungal communities associated with a pioneer grass in a volcanic slope based on the disturbance tolerance of the fungi, addressing the hypothesis that soil disturbance is a major ecological filter for AM fungi in volcanic ecosystems and, thus, fungi that are more tolerant to soil disturbance are selected at higher elevations (i.e. nearer to the crater). Paired soil-core samples were collected from the rhizosphere of Miscanthus sinensis between the vegetation limit and forest limit on a volcanic slope and used in a trap culture with M. sinensis seedlings, in which one of the paired samples was sieved to destroy hyphal networks (disturbance treatment), while the other was not (intact treatment). Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for two months, and the roots were subjected to molecular analysis of fungal communities. AM fungal diversity decreased with increasing elevations, in which nested structure was observed. Community dissimilarity between the disturbed and intact communities decreased with increasing elevations, suggesting that communities at higher elevations were more robust against soil disturbance. These results suggest that AM fungi that are more tolerant to soil disturbance are more widely distributed across the ecosystem, that is, they are generalists. The wide distribution of disturbance-tolerant fungi may have significant implications for the rapid resilience of vegetation after disturbance in the ecosystem.
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Haug I, Setaro S, Suárez JP. Species composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal communities changes with elevation in the Andes of South Ecuador. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221091. [PMID: 31419262 PMCID: PMC6697372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most prominent mycobionts of plants in the tropics, yet little is known about their diversity, species compositions and factors driving AMF distribution patterns. To investigate whether elevation and associated vegetation type affect species composition, we sampled 646 mycorrhizal samples in locations between 1000 and 4000 m above sea level (masl) in the South of Ecuador. We estimated diversity, distribution and species compositions of AMF by cloning and Sanger sequencing the 18S rDNA (the section between AML1 and AML2) and subsequent derivation of fungal OTUs based on 99% sequence similarity. In addition, we analyzed the phylogenetic structure of the sites by computing the mean pairwise distance (MPD) and the mean nearest taxon difference (MNTD) for each elevation level. It revealed that AMF species compositions at 1000 and 2000 masl differ from 3000 and 4000 masl. Lower elevations (1000 and 2000 masl) were dominated by members of Glomeraceae, whereas Acaulosporaceae were more abundant in higher elevations (3000 and 4000 masl). Ordination of OTUs with respect to study sites revealed a correlation to elevation with a continuous turnover of species from lower to higher elevations. Most of the abundant OTUs are not endemic to South Ecuador. We also found a high proportion of rare OTUs at all elevations: 79-85% of OTUs occurred in less than 5% of the samples. Phylogenetic community analysis indicated clustering and evenness for most elevation levels indicating that both, stochastic processes and habitat filtering are driving factors of AMF community compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Haug
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Setaro
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Juan Pablo Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
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Rożek K, Rola K, Błaszkowski J, Zubek S. Associations of root-inhabiting fungi with herbaceous plant species of temperate forests in relation to soil chemical properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1573-1579. [PMID: 30308925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of research on fungal interactions with plants in the forest ecosystems of the temperate climate zone focuses on ectomycorrhizal associations and no studies so far have compared the occurrence of root-inhabiting fungi in herbaceous plant species. We thus studied arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and fungal root endophyte colonization rates as well as AMF species richness and composition under 19 herbaceous plant species in temperate forests (southeast Poland) in relation to soil chemical properties. Seventeen species formed arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), while 2 were non-mycorrhizal. The intensity of AMF colonization varied between species. Relative mycorrhizal root length (MAMF%) ranged from 0% to 100%. AMF spore abundance ranged from 0 to 11.4 in 1 g of soils. Sixteen AMF species were recorded, both widespread (e.g. Funneliformis constrictum, Claroideoglomus claroideum) and rare (Acaulospora cavernata, Entrophospora infrequens). The composition of AMF species related to the plants differed. Fungal root endophytes were recorded only in some plants; dark septate endophytes (DSE) in 13 species, while Olpidium spp. in 6 species. Moreover, DSE mycelia and Olpidium spp. sporangia were observed with low abundance, and their occurrence differed between particular plant species. Among soil chemical properties, only the concentration of available phosphorus was significantly negatively correlated with the MAMF% parameter. In conclusion, several groups of root-inhabiting fungi were related to herbaceous plants; however, they occurred with varied frequency. AMF spore abundance and species richness differed as well; however, they persisted at a low level compared to other ecosystems. Nonetheless, we detected significant negative correlation between available P contents in soils and the intensity of mycorrhizal colonization, which suggests the importance of AM for the plants in sites with low P concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rożek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kaja Rola
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Błaszkowski
- Department of Ecology and Protection of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Szymon Zubek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Grilli G, Marro N, Risio Allione L. Structure and Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Across Spatial and Environmental Gradients in the Chaco Forest of South America. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sepp S, Davison J, Jairus T, Vasar M, Moora M, Zobel M, Öpik M. Non‐random association patterns in a plant–mycorrhizal fungal network reveal host–symbiont specificity. Mol Ecol 2018; 28:365-378. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Davison
- Department of Botany University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Teele Jairus
- Department of Botany University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Martti Vasar
- Department of Botany University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Department of Botany University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Department of Botany University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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Bueno de Mesquita CP, Sartwell SA, Ordemann EV, Porazinska DL, Farrer EC, King AJ, Spasojevic MJ, Smith JG, Suding KN, Schmidt SK. Patterns of root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes across a mostly-unvegetated, high-elevation landscape. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Al-Sadi AM, Kazerooni EA. Illumina-MiSeq analysis of fungi in acid lime roots reveals dominance of Fusarium and variation in fungal taxa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17388. [PMID: 30478417 PMCID: PMC6255777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to analyze fungal diversity in the roots of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia) collected from Oman, a semi-arid country located in the South Eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. MiSeq analysis showed the Ascomycota and Sordariomycetes were the most abundant phylum and class in acid lime roots, respectively. Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota and Microsporidia were the other fungal phyla, while Glomeromycetes and some other classes belonging to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were detected at lower frequencies. The genus Fusarium was the most abundant in all samples, making up 46 to 95% of the total reads. Some fungal genera of Arbuscular mycorrhizae and nematophagous fungi were detected in some of the acid lime roots. Analysis of the level of fungal diversity showed that no significant differences exist among groups of root samples (from different locations) in their Chao richness and Shannon diversity levels (P < 0.05). Principle component analysis of fungal communities significantly separated samples according to their locations. This is the first study to evaluate fungal diversity in acid lime roots using high throughput sequencing analysis. The study reveals the presence of various fungal taxa in the roots, dominated by Fusarium species and including some mycorrhizae and nematophagous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, PO Box 34, Alkhoud, 123, Oman.
| | - Elham A Kazerooni
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, PO Box 34, Alkhoud, 123, Oman
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Flexas J, Gago J. A role for ecophysiology in the 'omics' era. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:251-259. [PMID: 30091802 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant Ecophysiology is the study on how Plant Physiology is modulated by the environment. This discipline could have benefited greatly from the development of the different 'omic' technologies (from genomics to metabolomics). Instead, the overall impression is that ecophysiology and 'omics' have developed mostly independent each other. Here we provide a literature analysis over the past 20 years which fully confirms this view. Then, we review a few examples of studies in which ecophysiology and 'omics' studies have combined to different extents to illustrate the potential benefits from their mutualistic interaction. In addition, we debate on the possibilities of working with plants other than Arabidopsis, which is illustrated with some examples of fascinating plants from extreme environments of the world, what we call the 'sherplants'. Finally, we raise a call to both communities (ecophysiology and 'omics') to integrate these disciplines to enter an 'ecophysiolomics era' to maximize our understanding about plant mechanisms from a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), cta. Valldemossa km 7, 5 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), cta. Valldemossa km 7, 5 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Li X, Xu M, Christie P, Li X, Zhang J. Large elevation and small host plant differences in the arbuscular mycorrhizal communities of montane and alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:605-619. [PMID: 29961129 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the diversity and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in extreme conditions is fundamental to predict the occurrence and evolution of either symbiotic partner in alpine ecosystems. We investigated the AMF associations of three plant species at elevations ranging between 3105 and 4556 m a.s.l. on Mount Segrila on the Tibetan Plateau. Three of four locations were studied in two consecutive years. The AMF diversity and community composition in the roots of Carex pseudofoetida, Pennisetum centrasiaticum, and Fragaria moupinensis differed little. However, at high elevations, the abundance of members of Acaulosporaceae increased relative to that of Glomeraceae. Plants at lower elevation sites, where Glomeraceae predominated as root symbionts, had higher leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations than plants at higher elevation sites, where Acaulosporaceae predominated. The overall phylogenetic relatedness of the AMF increased with increasing elevation. This suggests that abiotic filtering may play an important role in the structuring of symbiotic AMF communities along elevational gradients. The functional role of Acaulosporaceae whose relative abundance was found to increase with elevation in alpine environments needs to be clarified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571700, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peter Christie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Li X, He X, Hou L, Ren Y, Wang S, Su F. Dark septate endophytes isolated from a xerophyte plant promote the growth of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus under drought condition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7896. [PMID: 29785041 PMCID: PMC5962579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSE) may facilitate plant growth and stress tolerance in stressful ecosystems. However, little is known about the response of plants to non-host DSE fungi isolated from other plants, especially under drought condition. This study aimed to seek and apply non-host DSE to evaluate their growth promoting effects in a desert species, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, under drought condition. Nine DSE strains isolated from a super-xerophytic shrub, Gymnocarpos przewalskii, were identified and used as the non-host DSE. And DSE colonization rate (30–35%) and species composition in the roots of G. przewalskii were first reported. The inoculation results showed that all DSE strains were effective colonizers and formed a strain-dependent symbiosis with A. mongolicus. Specifically, one Darksidea strain, Knufia sp., and Leptosphaeria sp. increased the total biomass of A. mongolicus compared to non-inoculated plants. Two Paraconiothyrium strains, Phialophora sp., and Embellisia chlamydospora exhibited significantly positive effects on plant branch number, potassium and calcium content. Two Paraconiothyrium and Darksidea strains particularly decreased plant biomass or element content. As A. mongolicus plays important roles in fixing moving sand and delay desertification, the ability of certain DSE strains to promote desert plant growth indicates their potential use for vegetation recovery in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xueli He
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Lifeng Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Ying Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Fang Su
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
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