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Gouda MNR, D S, Gaikwad K, Prabha R, Kumar A, Subramanian S. Elucidation of ejaculatory bulb proteins in Bemisia tabaci Asia-1 and Asia II-1 and confirmation of their mating transfer via RNAi. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:861. [PMID: 39068620 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bemisia tabaci, a significant agricultural pest in Asia, contains distinct genetic groups, Asia-1 and Asia II-1. Understanding its reproductive biology, particularly the role of ejaculatory bulb proteins (EBPs) in mating, is crucial. However, EBPs in B. tabaci were not well characterised until this study. METHODS AND RESULTS The EBPs have been characterised in the Asia-1 and Asia II-1 genetic groups of the whitefly B. tabaci, prevalent in Asia. The transcriptomic analysis yielded over 40,000,000 and 30,000,000 annotated transcripts, respectively, from Asia II-1 and Asia-1. Differential gene expression revealed the presence of 270 upregulated and 198 downregulated genes, with significant differences between these two genetic groups. Orphan genes (1992 numbers) were identified in both genetic groups. We report, for the first time, full-length sequences of EBP genes from B. tabaci. The 10 EBPs each deduced in B. tabaci Asia-1 and Asia II-1 are structurally akin to chemosensory proteins having four conserved cysteine residues. Additionally, we did domain analysis, protein structure prediction, mapping of these EBPs in the chromosomes of B. tabaci, and phylogenetic analysis to track their evolutionary lineage. We have specifically demonstrated the transfer of EBPs from males to females during mating using qPCR and further validated the transfer of EBPs through RNAi. Specifically, we targeted the highly expressed EBPs (EBP-3, 7, and 8 in BtAsia1; EBP-8, 9, and 10 in BtAsia II-1) through feeding bioassays of dsRNAs. Tracking by qPCR revealed that the females, when mated with dsRNA-treated males, did not show expression of the specific EBP, suggesting that the silencing of these genes in males hinders the transfer of EBP to females during mating. CONCLUSION Our findings provide novel insights into the genomic contours of EBPs in B. tabaci and underscore the potential of RNAi-based strategies for pest management by disrupting the reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Rudra Gouda
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sagar D
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, 275103, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit (AKMU), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Amrender Kumar
- Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit (AKMU), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Saadi S, Bakkali N, Martín-Blázquez R, Badih A, Bakkali M. The Multivariate Regression Models Suggested as Standardising Tools for Categorising Solitarious and Gregarious Groups of the Main Pest Locust, Schistocerca gregaria, Produce Reproducible Results. INSECTS 2024; 15:102. [PMID: 38392521 PMCID: PMC10889186 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Outbreaks of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria affect some of the poorest parts of Africa, with devastating outcomes. The key to understanding and dealing with this problematic adaptation to environmental changes is comparing gregarious and solitarious locusts, either in nature or in laboratories. Categorising locusts and detecting changes in their phase status is key to such comparisons, which have been hitherto based on applying mathematical models that use behavioural parameters and that each laboratory has to build anew for each experiment. All the models used thus far are different from one another. This implies differences in the tools used for the different experiments and by the different laboratories and, thus, potential noise in the results and interpretations. Standardising the way locusts are categorised is necessary if we want to reduce noise and errors. It is crucial if we seek to make the results and interpretations transferable and comparable between experiments and laboratories for such an important research area. To tackle this problem, we suggested two models as possible standardising tools. However, the problem of a lack of standardised tools re-emerged due to the doubts cast on the validity of those models. Here, we use samples from independent S. gregaria populations in order to test and validate those models. We discuss how successful the two models were at categorising solitarious, intermediate (transient), and gregarious nymph and adult S. gregaria samples. We highlight shortcomings and make more specific recommendations on the use of those models based on the precision differences they show when categorising solitarious and gregarious S. gregaria nymph and adult samples. Overall, both models have proven to be valid since their results were largely replicated and seem reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somia Saadi
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Noureddine Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rubén Martín-Blázquez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abdelmounim Badih
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Agora Granada College International School, Urbanización Llanos de Silva S/N, 18230 Atarfe, Spain
| | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
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3
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Zheng R, Xie M, Keyhani NO, Xia Y. An insect chemosensory protein facilitates locust avoidance to fungal pathogens via recognition of fungal volatiles. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127389. [PMID: 37827395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Locusts (Locusta migratoria) are one of the most destructive insect pests worldwide. Entomopathogenic fungi can infect and kill locusts, with Metarhizium acridum having evolved as a specialized acridid pathogen. However, locusts have evolved countermeasures to limit or avoid microbial pathogens, although the underlying molecular mechanisms behind these defenses remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that L. migratoria exhibit avoidance behaviors towards M. acridum contaminated food via recognition of fungal volatiles, with locust perception of the volatile mediated by the LmigCSP60 chemosensory protein. RNAi-knockdown of LmigCSP60 lowered locust M. acridum avoidance behavior and increased infection and mortality. The fungal volatile, 2-phenylethanol (PEA), was identified to participate in locust behavioral avoidance. RNAi-knockdown of LmigCSP60 reduced antennal electrophysiological responses to PEA and impaired locust avoidance to the compound. Purified LmigCSP60 was able to bind a set of fungal volatiles including PEA. Furthermore, reduction of PEA emission by M. acridum via construction of a targeted gene knockout mutant of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ΔMaAdh strain) that contributes to PEA production reduced locust avoidance behavior towards the pathogen. These findings identify an olfactory circuit used by locusts to detect and avoid potential microbial pathogens before they are capable of initiating infection and highlight behavioral and olfactory adaptations affecting the co-evolution of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 401331, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Mushan Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 401331, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, China
| | - Nemat O Keyhani
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Yuxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 401331, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing, China.
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4
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Diapause-Linked Gene Expression Pattern and Related Candidate Duplicated Genes of the Mountain Butterfly Parnassius glacialis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Revealed by Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065577. [PMID: 36982649 PMCID: PMC10058462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mountain butterfly Parnassius glacialis is a representative species of the genus Parnassius, which probably originated in the high-altitude Qinhai–Tibet Plateau in the Miocene and later dispersed eastward into relatively low-altitude regions of central to eastern China. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the long-term evolutionary adaptation to heterogeneous environmental conditions of this butterfly species. In this study, we obtained the high-throughput RNA-Seq data from twenty-four adult individuals in eight localities, covering nearly all known distributional areas in China, and firstly identified the diapause-linked gene expression pattern that is likely to correlate with local adaptation in adult P. glacialis populations. Secondly, we found a series of pathways responsible for hormone biosynthesis, energy metabolism and immune defense that also exhibited unique enrichment patterns in each group that are probably related to habitat-specific adaptability. Furthermore, we also identified a suite of duplicated genes (including two transposable elements) that are mostly co-expressed to promote the plastic responses to different environmental conditions. Together, these findings can help us to better understand this species’ successful colonization to distinct geographic areas from the western to eastern areas of China, and also provide us with some insights into the evolution of diapause in mountain Parnassius butterfly species.
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Zhang N, Feng S, Tian Y, Zhuang L, Cha G, Duan S, Li H, Nong X, Zhang Z, Tu X, Wang G. Identification, characterization and spatiotemporal expression analysis of the FKBP family genes in Locusta migratoria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4048. [PMID: 36899085 PMCID: PMC10006077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) are a highly-conserved group of proteins known to bind to FK506, an immunosuppressive drug. They play different physiological roles, including transcription regulation, protein folding, signal transduction and immunosuppression. A number of FKBP genes have been identified in eukaryotes; however, very little information about these genes has been reported in Locusta migratoria. Here, we identified and characterized 10 FKBP genes from L. migratoria. Phylogenetic analysis and comparison of domain architectures indicated that the LmFKBP family can be divided into two subfamilies and five subclasses. Developmental and tissue expression pattern analysis revealed that all LmFKBPs transcripts, including LmFKBP46, LmFKBP12, LmFKBP47, LmFKBP79, LmFKBP16, LmFKBP24, LmFKBP44b, LmFKBP53, were periodically expressed during different developmental stages and mainly expressed in the fat body, hemolymph, testis, and ovary. In brief, our work depicts a outline but panoramic picture of LmFKBP family in L. migratoria, and provides a solid foundation to further investigate the molecular functions of LmFKBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilingol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, 026000, China
| | - Shiqian Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ling Zhuang
- Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Development Center, Bayannur, 015000, China
| | - Gan Cha
- Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Development Center, Bayannur, 015000, China
| | - Saiya Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangqun Nong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiongbing Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilingol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, 026000, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilingol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, 026000, China.
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Li JB, Yin MZ, Yao WC, Ma S, Dewer Y, Liu XZ, Wang YY, Wang CW, Li BP, Zhu XY. Genome-Wide Analysis of Odorant-Binding Proteins and Chemosensory Proteins in the Bean bug Riptortus pedestris. Front Physiol 2022; 13:949607. [PMID: 35910558 PMCID: PMC9329939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.949607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects have sensitive olfactory systems to interact with environment and respond to the change in host plant conditions. Key genes in the system can be potential targets for developing new and efficient pest behaviour control methods. Riptortus pedestris is an important soybean pest in East Asia and has caused serious damage to the soybean plants in Huang-Huai-Hai region of China. However, the current treatment of pests is dominated by chemical insecticides and lacks efficient sustainable prevention and control technologies. In this study, we identified 49 putative odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) (43 were new genes) and 25 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) (17 were new genes) in R. pedestris genome. These OBP and CSP genes are clustered in highly conserved groups from other hemipteran species in phylogenetic trees. Most RpedOBPs displayed antennal-biased expression. Among the 49 RpedOBPs, 33 were significantly highly expressed in the antennae, including three male-biased and nine female-biased. While many RpedCSPs were detected both in the antennae and in non-antennal tissues, only 11 RpedCSPs displayed antennal-biased expression, in which four RpedCSPs were male-biased and five RpedCSPs were female-biased. Some OBP and CSP genes showed sex-biased expression profiles. Our results not only provide a foundation for future exploration of the functions of RpedOBPs and RpedCSPs but also aid in developing environmentally friendly insecticides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bu Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Mao-Zhu Yin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Chen Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Featured Resource Plants, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Featured Resource Plants, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Xing-Zhou Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao-Wei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Bao-Ping Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Bao-Ping Li, ; Xiu-Yun Zhu,
| | - Xiu-Yun Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Featured Resource Plants, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
- *Correspondence: Bao-Ping Li, ; Xiu-Yun Zhu,
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Nakano M, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA, Clavijo-McCormick A. Chemical Ecology and Olfaction in Short-Horned Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:121-140. [PMID: 35001201 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemoreception plays a crucial role in the reproduction and survival of insects, which often rely on their sense of smell and taste to find partners, suitable habitats, and food sources, and to avoid predators and noxious substances. There is a substantial body of work investigating the chemoreception and chemical ecology of Diptera (flies) and Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies); but less is known about the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, and wēta). Within the Orthoptera, the family Acrididae contains about 6700 species of short-horned grasshoppers. Grasshoppers are fascinating organisms to study due to their significant taxonomic and ecological divergence, however, most chemoreception and chemical ecology studies have focused on locusts because they are agricultural pests (e.g., Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria). Here we review studies of chemosensory systems and chemical ecology of all short-horned grasshoppers. Applications of genome editing tools and entomopathogenic microorganism to control locusts in association with their chemical ecology are also discussed. Finally, we identify gaps in the current knowledge and suggest topics of interest for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Nakano
- Wildlife & Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand.
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife & Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Trewick
- Wildlife & Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
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Zheng R, Xia Y, Keyhani NO. Differential responses of the antennal proteome of male and female migratory locusts to infection by a fungal pathogen. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104050. [PMID: 33217581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The narrow host range entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridum, is an environmentally friendly acridid specific pathogen used for locust control. The locust is capable of responding within hours of infection, however, little is known concerning how the locust detects the pathogen. Here, we have identified 3213 proteins in the infected antennal proteome of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. iTRAQ comparative analyses of antennal proteomes identified 194 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between uninfected and infected males, 218 DAPs between uninfected and infected females, and 240 DAPs between infected males and infected females. In relation to olfaction, a total of 29 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 9 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 31 odorant receptors (ORs), and 8 ionotropic receptors (IRs) were differentially abundant after M. acridum infection, with a subset of 12 proteins found in both infected male and female antennae not present in uninfected individuals. The time course of the gene expression profiles of olfaction related DAPs were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Our data indicate significant changes in the antennal proteomes of male and female locusts in response to a microbial pathogen, highlighting the potential participation of olfactory processes in pathogen detection and response. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The ability of an organism to detect microbial pathogens is essential for mounting a response to mitigate the spread of the infection. Using iTRAQ-based proteomic analyses changes in the protein repertoire of the antennae of male and female locusts in response to infection by a host-specific pathogen were determined. These data show proteomic alterations that are also sex-specific, identifying members of olfactory pathways that are modified in response to infection. Our data identify antennal and related olfactory proteins that are candidates for mediating host detection of pathogens, and that may contribute to subsequent behavioral and/or immune responses of the host to the infection challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Nemat O Keyhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Bldg. 981, Museum Rd., Gainesville FL32611, USA.
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González‐Serna MJ, Cordero PJ, Ortego J. Insights into the neutral and adaptive processes shaping the spatial distribution of genomic variation in the economically important Moroccan locust ( Dociostaurus maroccanus). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3991-4008. [PMID: 32489626 PMCID: PMC7244894 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that shape neutral and adaptive genomic variation is a fundamental step to determine the demographic and evolutionary dynamics of pest species. Here, we use genomic data obtained via restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to investigate the genetic structure of Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) populations from the westernmost portion of the species distribution (Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands), infer demographic trends, and determine the role of neutral versus selective processes in shaping spatial patterns of genomic variation in this pest species of great economic importance. Our analyses showed that Iberian populations are characterized by high gene flow, whereas the highly isolated Canarian populations have experienced strong genetic drift and loss of genetic diversity. Historical demographic reconstructions revealed that all populations have passed through a substantial genetic bottleneck around the last glacial maximum (~21 ka BP) followed by a sharp demographic expansion at the onset of the Holocene, indicating increased effective population sizes during warm periods as expected from the thermophilic nature of the species. Genome scans and environmental association analyses identified several loci putatively under selection, suggesting that local adaptation processes in certain populations might not be impeded by widespread gene flow. Finally, all analyses showed few differences between outbreak and nonoutbreak populations. Integrated pest management practices should consider high population connectivity and the potential importance of local adaptation processes on population persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José González‐Serna
- Grupo de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Genética y CulturalInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos – IREC – (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM)Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Pedro J. Cordero
- Grupo de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Genética y CulturalInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos – IREC – (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM)Ciudad RealSpain
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y GenéticaEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos (ETSIA)Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha (UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Integrative EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana – EBD – (CSIC)SevilleSpain
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Liu G, Xuan N, Rajashekar B, Arnaud P, Offmann B, Picimbon JF. Comprehensive History of CSP Genes: Evolution, Phylogenetic Distribution and Functions. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040413. [PMID: 32290210 PMCID: PMC7230875 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we present the developmental, histological, evolutionary and functional properties of insect chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in insect species. CSPs are small globular proteins folded like a prism and notoriously known for their complex and arguably obscure function(s), particularly in pheromone olfaction. Here, we focus on direct functional consequences on protein function depending on duplication, expression and RNA editing. The result of our analysis is important for understanding the significance of RNA-editing on functionality of CSP genes, particularly in the brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Liu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (G.L.); (N.X.)
| | - Ning Xuan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (G.L.); (N.X.)
| | - Balaji Rajashekar
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia;
| | - Philippe Arnaud
- Protein Engineering and Functionality Unit, University of Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France; (P.A.); (B.O.)
| | - Bernard Offmann
- Protein Engineering and Functionality Unit, University of Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France; (P.A.); (B.O.)
| | - Jean-François Picimbon
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (G.L.); (N.X.)
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-531-89631190
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Sex-specific variation in the antennal proteome of the migratory locust. J Proteomics 2020; 216:103681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Cui Y, Kang C, Wu Z, Lin J. Identification and Expression Analyses of Olfactory Gene Families in the Rice Grasshopper, Oxya chinensis, From Antennal Transcriptomes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1223. [PMID: 31616318 PMCID: PMC6775195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice grasshopper Oxya chinensis is an important agricultural pest of rice and other gramineous plants. Chemosensory genes are crucial factors in direct interactions with odorants in the olfactory process. Here we identified genes encoding 18 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 13 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 94 olfactory receptors (ORs), 12 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) from O. chinensis using an transcriptomic approach. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays revealed that six OBP-encoding genes (OchiOBP4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 14), one CSP gene (OchiOBP10) and two IR genes (OchiIR28 and 29) were exclusively expressed in antennae, suggesting their roles in olfaction. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that genes expressed exclusively or predominantly in antennae also displayed significant differences in expression levels between males and females. Among the differentially expressed genes, 17 OR-encoding genes, one CSP- and one SNMP-gene showed female-biased expression, suggesting that they may be involved in some female-specific behaviors such as seeking oviposition site; whereas the three remaining OR-encoding genes showed male-biased expression, indicating their possible roles in sensing female sex pheromones. Our results laid a solid foundation for future studies to reveal olfactory mechanisms as well as designing strategies for controlling this rice pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Kang
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wu
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guang Zhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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Bakkali M, Martín-Blázquez R. RNA-Seq reveals large quantitative differences between the transcriptomes of outbreak and non-outbreak locusts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9207. [PMID: 29907808 PMCID: PMC6003920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of locust populations repeatedly devastate economies and ecosystems in large parts of the world. The consequent behavioural shift from solitarious to gregarious and the concomitant changes in the locusts' biology are of relevant scientific interest. Yet, research on the main locust species has not benefitted from recent advances in genomics. In this first RNA-Seq study on Schistocerca gregaria, we report two transcriptomes, including many novel genes, as well as differential gene expression results. In line with the large biological differences between solitarious and gregarious locusts, almost half of the transcripts are differentially expressed between their central nervous systems. Most of these transcripts are over-expressed in the gregarious locusts, suggesting positive correlations between the levels of activity at the population, individual, tissue and gene expression levels. We group these differentially expressed transcripts by gene function and highlight those that are most likely to be associated with locusts' phase change either in a species-specific or general manner. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of population-level and physiological events leading to gregariousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva S/N, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - R Martín-Blázquez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuentenueva S/N, Granada, 18071, Spain
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