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Xu J, Jiang W, Hu T, Long Y, Shen Y. NEDD4 and NEDD4L: Ubiquitin Ligases Closely Related to Digestive Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:577. [PMID: 38785984 PMCID: PMC11117611 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is an enzymatic cascade reaction and serves as an important protein post-translational modification (PTM) that is involved in the vast majority of cellular life activities. The key enzyme in the ubiquitination process is E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3), which catalyzes the binding of ubiquitin (Ub) to the protein substrate and influences substrate specificity. In recent years, the relationship between the subfamily of neuron-expressed developmental downregulation 4 (NEDD4), which belongs to the E3 ligase system, and digestive diseases has drawn widespread attention. Numerous studies have shown that NEDD4 and NEDD4L of the NEDD4 family can regulate the digestive function, as well as a series of related physiological and pathological processes, by controlling the subsequent degradation of proteins such as PTEN, c-Myc, and P21, along with substrate ubiquitination. In this article, we reviewed the appropriate functions of NEDD4 and NEDD4L in digestive diseases including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, and multiple signaling pathways, based on the currently available research evidence for the purpose of providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yueming Shen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 161 Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410000, China; (J.X.); (W.J.); (T.H.); (Y.L.)
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Satariano M, Ghose S, Raina R. The Pathophysiology of Inherited Renal Cystic Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:91. [PMID: 38254980 PMCID: PMC10815569 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cystic diseases (RCDs) can arise from utero to early adulthood and present with a variety of symptoms including renal, hepatic, and cardiovascular manifestations. It is well known that common RCDs such as autosomal polycystic kidney disease and autosomal recessive kidney disease are linked to genes such as PKD1 and PKHD1, respectively. However, it is important to investigate the genetic pathophysiology of how these gene mutations lead to clinical symptoms and include some of the less-studied RCDs, such as autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease, multicystic dysplastic kidney, Zellweger syndrome, calyceal diverticula, and more. We plan to take a thorough look into the genetic involvement and clinical sequalae of a number of RCDs with the goal of helping to guide diagnosis, counseling, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Satariano
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (M.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Shaarav Ghose
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA; (M.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Rupesh Raina
- Akron Nephrology Associates, Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH 44307, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH 44308, USA
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Yang C, Harafuji N, Caldovic L, Yu W, Boddu R, Bhattacharya S, Barseghyan H, Gordish-Dressman H, Foreman O, Bebok Z, Eicher EM, Guay-Woodford LM. Pkhd1 cyli/cyli mice have altered renal Pkhd1 mRNA processing and hormonally sensitive liver disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1141-1151. [PMID: 37584738 PMCID: PMC10482757 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD; MIM #263200) is a severe, hereditary, hepato-renal fibrocystic disorder that causes early childhood morbidity and mortality. Mutations in the polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 (PKHD1) gene, which encodes the protein fibrocystin/polyductin complex (FPC), cause all typical forms of ARPKD. Several mouse lines carrying diverse, genetically engineered disruptions in the orthologous Pkhd1 gene have been generated, but none expresses the classic ARPKD renal phenotype. In the current study, we characterized a spontaneous mouse Pkhd1 mutation that is transmitted as a recessive trait and causes cysticliver (cyli), similar to the hepato-biliary disease in ARPKD, but which is exacerbated by age, sex, and parity. We mapped the mutation to Chromosome 1 and determined that an insertion/deletion mutation causes a frameshift within Pkhd1 exon 48, which is predicted to result in a premature termination codon (UGA). Pkhd1cyli/cyli (cyli) mice exhibit a severe liver pathology but lack renal disease. Further analysis revealed that several alternatively spliced Pkhd1 mRNA, all containing exon 48, were expressed in cyli kidneys, but in lower abundance than in wild-type kidneys, suggesting that these transcripts escaped from nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). We identified an AAAAAT motif in exon 48 upstream of the cyli mutation which could enable ribosomal frameshifting, thus potentially allowing production of sufficient amounts of FPC for renoprotection. This mechanism, expressed in a species-specific fashion, may help explain the disparities in the renal phenotype observed between Pkhd1 mutant mice and patients with PKHD1-related disease. KEY MESSAGES: The Pkhd1cyli/cyli mouse expresses cystic liver disease, but no kidney phenotype. Pkhd1 mRNA expression is decreased in cyli liver and kidneys compared to wild-type. Ribosomal frameshifting may be responsible for Pkhd1 mRNA escape from NMD. Pkhd1 mRNA escape from NMD could contribute to the absent kidney phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhe Yang
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Naoe Harafuji
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Ljubica Caldovic
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Weiying Yu
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Ravindra Boddu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Surajit Bhattacharya
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Hayk Barseghyan
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
- Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Oded Foreman
- Genentech USA, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Zsuzsa Bebok
- Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Eva M Eicher
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Lisa M Guay-Woodford
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.
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Zhang YJ, Yang C, Wang W, Harafuji N, Stasiak P, Bell PD, Caldovic L, Sztul E, Guay-Woodford LM, Bebok Z. Cystin is required for maintaining fibrocystin (FPC) levels and safeguarding proteome integrity in mouse renal epithelial cells: A mechanistic connection between the kidney defects in cpk mice and human ARPKD. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23008. [PMID: 37318790 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300100r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is caused primarily by mutations in PKHD1, encoding fibrocystin (FPC), but Pkhd1 mutant mice failed to reproduce the human phenotype. In contrast, the renal lesion in congenital polycystic kidney (cpk) mice, with a mutation in Cys1 and cystin protein loss, closely phenocopies ARPKD. Although the nonhomologous mutation diminished the translational relevance of the cpk model, recent identification of patients with CYS1 mutations and ARPKD prompted the investigations described herein. We examined cystin and FPC expression in mouse models (cpk, rescued-cpk (r-cpk), Pkhd1 mutants) and mouse cortical collecting duct (CCD) cell lines (wild type (wt), cpk). We found that cystin deficiency caused FPC loss in both cpk kidneys and CCD cells. FPC levels increased in r-cpk kidneys and siRNA of Cys1 in wt cells reduced FPC. However, FPC deficiency in Pkhd1 mutants did not affect cystin levels. Cystin deficiency and associated FPC loss impacted the architecture of the primary cilium, but not ciliogenesis. No reduction in Pkhd1 mRNA levels in cpk kidneys and CCD cells suggested posttranslational FPC loss. Studies of cellular protein degradation systems suggested selective autophagy as a mechanism. In support of the previously described function of FPC in E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, we demonstrated reduced polyubiquitination and elevated levels of functional epithelial sodium channel in cpk cells. Therefore, our studies expand the function of cystin in mice to include inhibition of Myc expression via interaction with necdin and maintenance of FPC as functional component of the NEDD4 E3 ligase complexes. Loss of FPC from E3 ligases may alter the cellular proteome, contributing to cystogenesis through multiple, yet to be defined, mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming J Zhang
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chaozhe Yang
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Naoe Harafuji
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Piotr Stasiak
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - P Darwin Bell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ljubica Caldovic
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lisa M Guay-Woodford
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Bebok
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Yan P, Ke B, Fang X. Ion channels as a therapeutic target for renal fibrosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1019028. [PMID: 36277193 PMCID: PMC9581181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1019028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ion channel transport and electrolyte disturbances play an important role in the process of functional impairment and fibrosis in the kidney. It is well known that there are limited effective drugs for the treatment of renal fibrosis, and since a large number of ion channels are involved in the renal fibrosis process, understanding the mechanisms of ion channel transport and the complex network of signaling cascades between them is essential to identify potential therapeutic approaches to slow down renal fibrosis. This review summarizes the current work of ion channels in renal fibrosis. We pay close attention to the effect of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), transmembrane Member 16A (TMEM16A) and other Cl− channel mediated signaling pathways and ion concentrations on fibrosis, as well as the various complex mechanisms for the action of Ca2+ handling channels including Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ channel (CRAC), purinergic receptor, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Furthermore, we also focus on the contribution of Na+ transport such as epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), Na+, K+-ATPase, Na+-H+ exchangers, and K+ channels like Ca2+-activated K+ channels, voltage-dependent K+ channel, ATP-sensitive K+ channels on renal fibrosis. Proposed potential therapeutic approaches through further dissection of these mechanisms may provide new therapeutic opportunities to reduce the burden of chronic kidney disease.
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Sudarikova A, Vasileva V, Sultanova R, Ilatovskaya D. Recent advances in understanding ion transport mechanisms in polycystic kidney disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2521-2540. [PMID: 34751394 PMCID: PMC8589009 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the most recent advances in the understanding of the electrolyte transport-related mechanisms important for the development of severe inherited renal disorders, autosomal dominant (AD) and recessive (AR) forms of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We provide here a basic overview of the origins and clinical aspects of ARPKD and ADPKD and discuss the implications of electrolyte transport in cystogenesis. Special attention is devoted to intracellular calcium handling by the cystic cells, with a focus on polycystins and fibrocystin, as well as other calcium level regulators, such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channels, ciliary machinery, and purinergic receptor remodeling. Sodium transport is reviewed with a focus on the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and the role of chloride-dependent fluid secretion in cystic fluid accumulation is discussed. In addition, we highlight the emerging promising concepts in the field, such as potassium transport, and suggest some new avenues for research related to electrolyte handling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regina F. Sultanova
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Predictors of progression in autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2639-2658. [PMID: 33474686 PMCID: PMC8292447 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) are characterized by bilateral cystic kidney disease leading to progressive kidney function decline. These diseases also have distinct liver manifestations. The range of clinical presentation and severity of both ADPKD and ARPKD is much wider than was once recognized. Pediatric and adult nephrologists are likely to care for individuals with both diseases in their lifetimes. This article will review genetic, clinical, and imaging predictors of kidney and liver disease progression in ADPKD and ARPKD and will briefly summarize pharmacologic therapies to prevent progression.
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The cellular pathways and potential therapeutics of Polycystic Kidney Disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1171-1188. [PMID: 34156429 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) refers to a group of disorders, driven by the formation of cysts in renal tubular cells and is currently one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. The range of symptoms observed in PKD is due to mutations in cilia-localising genes, resulting in changes in cellular signalling. As such, compounds that are currently in preclinical and clinical trials target some of these signalling pathways that are dysregulated in PKD. In this review, we highlight these pathways including cAMP, EGF and AMPK signalling and drugs that target them and may show promise in lessening the disease burden of PKD patients. At present, tolvaptan is the only approved therapy for ADPKD, however, it carries several adverse side effects whilst comparatively, no pharmacological drug is approved for ARPKD treatment. Aside from this, drugs that have been the subject of multiple clinical trials such as metformin, which targets AMPK signalling and somatostatins, which target cAMP signalling have shown great promise in reducing cyst formation and cellular proliferation. This review also discusses other potential and novel targets that can be used for future interventions, such as β-catenin and TAZ, where research has shown that a reduction in the overexpression of these signalling components results in amelioration of disease phenotype. Thus, it becomes apparent that well-designed preclinical investigations and future clinical trials into these pathways and other potential signalling targets are crucial in bettering disease prognosis for PKD patients and could lead to personalised therapy approaches.
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Molecular Pathophysiology of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126523. [PMID: 34204582 PMCID: PMC8235086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a rare disorder and one of the most severe forms of polycystic kidney disease, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in childhood. PKHD1 is the gene that is responsible for the vast majority of ARPKD. However, some cases have been related to a new gene that was recently identified (DZIP1L gene), as well as several ciliary genes that can mimic a ARPKD-like phenotypic spectrum. In addition, a number of molecular pathways involved in the ARPKD pathogenesis and progression were elucidated using cellular and animal models. However, the function of the ARPKD proteins and the molecular mechanism of the disease currently remain incompletely understood. Here, we review the clinics, treatment, genetics, and molecular basis of ARPKD, highlighting the most recent findings in the field.
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Molinari E, Srivastava S, Dewhurst RM, Sayer JA. Use of patient derived urine renal epithelial cells to confirm pathogenicity of PKHD1 alleles. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:435. [PMID: 33059616 PMCID: PMC7559414 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PKHD1 is the main genetic cause of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), a hereditary hepato-renal fibrocystic disorder which is the most important cause of end-stage renal disease during early childhood. ARPKD can also present in adulthood with milder phenotypes. In this study, we describe a 24-year-old woman with atypical polycystic kidney, no family history of renal disease and no obvious extra-renal manifestations who was referred for genetic investigation. Methods We used a combination of next generation sequencing, Sanger sequencing and RNA and microscopy studies performed on urine-derived renal epithelial cells (URECs) to provide a genetic diagnosis of ARPKD. Results A next generation sequencing panel of cystic ciliopathy genes allowed the identification of two heterozygous sequence changes in PKHD1 (c.6900C > T; p.(Asn2300=) and c.7964A > C; p.(His2655Pro)). The pathogenicity of the synonymous PKHD1 variant is not clear and requires RNA studies, which cannot be carried out efficiently on RNA extracted from proband blood, due to the low expression levels of PKHD1 in lymphocytes. Using URECs as a source of kidney-specific RNA, we show that PKHD1 is alternatively spliced around exon 43, both in control and proband URECs. The variant p.(Asn2300=) shifts the expression ratio in favour of a shorter, out-of-frame transcript. To further study the phenotypic consequence of these variants, we investigated the ciliary phenotype of patient URECs, which were abnormally elongated and presented multiple blebs along the axoneme. Conclusions We confirm the power of URECs as a tool for functional studies on candidate variants in inherited renal disease, especially when the expression of the gene of interest is restricted to the kidney and we describe, for the first time, ciliary abnormalities in ARPKD patient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinari
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Shalabh Srivastava
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rebecca M Dewhurst
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - John A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK. .,Renal Services, The Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK. .,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Haumann S, Müller RU, Liebau MC. Metabolic Changes in Polycystic Kidney Disease as a Potential Target for Systemic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176093. [PMID: 32847032 PMCID: PMC7503958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD, ADPKD) are systemic disorders with pronounced hepatorenal phenotypes. While the main underlying genetic causes of both ARPKD and ADPKD have been well-known for years, the exact molecular mechanisms resulting in the observed clinical phenotypes in the different organs, remain incompletely understood. Recent research has identified cellular metabolic changes in PKD. These findings are of major relevance as there may be an immediate translation into clinical trials and potentially clinical practice. Here, we review important results in the field regarding metabolic changes in PKD and their modulation as a potential target of systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Haumann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Max C. Liebau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-4359
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12
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Yanda MK, Cha B, Cebotaru CV, Cebotaru L. Pharmacological reversal of renal cysts from secretion to absorption suggests a potential therapeutic strategy for managing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17090-17104. [PMID: 31570523 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) induces a secretory phenotype, resulting in multiple fluid-filled cysts. We have previously demonstrated that VX-809, a corrector of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), reduces cyst growth. Here, we show that in normal mice CFTR is located within the cells and also at the apical and basolateral membranes. However, in polycystic kidney disease (pkd1)-knockout mice, CFTR was located at the plasma membrane, consistent with its role in cAMP-dependent fluid secretion. In cystic mice, VX-809 treatment increased CFTR levels at the apical membrane and reduced its association with the endoplasmic reticulum. Surprisingly, VX-809 treatment significantly increased CFTR's co-localization with the basolateral membrane in cystic mice. Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) is present in pkd1-knockout and normal mice and in proximal tubule-derived, cultured pkd1-knockout cells. VX-809 increased the expression, activity, and apical plasma membrane localization of NHE3. Co-localization of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) with the plasma membrane was reduced in cysts in pkd1-knockout mice, consistent with an inability of the cysts to absorb fluid. Interestingly, in the cystic mice, VX-809 treatment increased ENaC levels at the apical plasma membrane consistent with fluid absorption. Thus, VX-809 treatment of pkd1-null mouse kidneys significantly affected CFTR, NHE3, and ENaC, altering the cyst phenotype from one poised toward fluid secretion toward one more favorable for absorption. VX-809 also altered the location of CFTR but not of NHE3 or ENaC in normal mice. Given that VX-809 administration is safe, it may have potential utility for treating patients with ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Yanda
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Boyoung Cha
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Cristina V Cebotaru
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Saigusa T, Yue Q, Bunni MA, Bell PD, Eaton DC. Loss of primary cilia increases polycystin-2 and TRPV4 and the appearance of a nonselective cation channel in the mouse cortical collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F632-F637. [PMID: 31313950 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00210.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow-related bending of cilia results in Ca2+ influx through a polycystin-1 (Pkd1) and polycystin-2 (Pkd2) complex, both of which are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family (TRPP1 and TRPP2, respectively). Deletion of this complex as well as cilia result in polycystic kidney disease. The Ca2+ influx pathway has been previously characterized in immortalized collecting duct cells without cilia and found to be a 23-pS channel that was a multimere of TRPP2 and TRPV4. The purpose of the present study was to determine if this TRPP2 and TRPV4 multimere exists in vivo. Apical channel activity was measured using the patch-clamp technique from isolated split-open cortical collecting ducts from adult conditional knockout mice with (Ift88flox/flox) or without (Ift88-/-) cilia. Single tubules were isolated for measurements of mRNA for Pkd1, Pkd2, Trpv4, and epithelial Na+ channel subunits. The predominant channel activity from Ift88flox/flox mice was from epithelial Na+ channel [5-pS Na+-selective channels with long mean open times (475.7 ± 83.26 ms) and open probability > 0.2]. With the loss of cilia, the predominant conductance was a 23-pS nonselective cation channel (reversal potential near 0) with a short mean open time (72 ± 17 ms), open probability < 0.08, and a characteristic flickery opening. Loss of cilia increased mRNA levels for Pkd2 and Trpv4 from single isolated cortical collecting ducts. In conclusion, 23-pS channels exist in vivo, and activity of this channel is elevated with loss of cilia, consistent with previous finding of an elevated-unregulated Ca2+-permeable pathway at the apical membrane of collecting duct cells that lack cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Saigusa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qiang Yue
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marlene A Bunni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - P Darwin Bell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Douglas C Eaton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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14
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Increased salt intake does not worsen the progression of renal cystic disease in high water-loaded PCK rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207461. [PMID: 30870430 PMCID: PMC6417693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-diuretic hormone arginine vasopressin is thought to be a detrimental factor in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We previously reported that high water intake (HWI) reduced urine osmolality and urinary arginine vasopressin, improved renal function, and reduced the kidney/body weight ratio in PCK rats, an orthologous model of human PKD. In PKD patients, however, it is reported that HWI increases total kidney volume, urine volume, and urine sodium excretion, which could be a consequence of high salt intake. In the current study, we loaded PCK rats with high salt concurrently with HWI to determine whether this human-imitated condition exacerbates disease progression. PCK rats were assigned into 4 groups: control group (CONT: distilled water), HWI group (HWI: 5% glucose in water), HWI with 0.2% NaCl group (HWI+0.2%NaCl), and HWI with 0.45% NaCl group (HWI+0.45%NaCl). Total water intake during the experimental period was increased by 1.86-, 2.02-, and 2.42-fold in HWI, HWI+0.2%NaCl, and HWI+0.45%NaCl, and sodium intake was increased by 2.55- and 5.83-fold in HWI+0.2%NaCl and HWI+0.45%NaCl, respectively, compared with CONT. Systolic blood pressure was higher in HWI+0.2%NaCl and HWI+0.45%NaCl than in both CONT and HWI. Serum urea nitrogen, kidney/body weight ratio, cAMP, cystic area, and fibrosis index were significantly lower in HWI compared with CONT, and these ameliorative effects were not abrogated in either HWI+0.2%NaCl or HWI+0.45%NaCl. The amount of sodium excreted into the urine was increased by 2.50- and 8.38-fold in HWI+0.2%NaCl and HWI+0.45%NaCl, respectively, compared with HWI. Serum sodium levels were not different between the groups. These findings indicate that the beneficial effect of HWI against the progression of cystic kidney disease was not affected even by high salt-overload in this rodent model of PKD.
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15
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Ilatovskaya DV, Levchenko V, Pavlov TS, Isaeva E, Klemens CA, Johnson J, Liu P, Kriegel AJ, Staruschenko A. Salt-deficient diet exacerbates cystogenesis in ARPKD via epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). EBioMedicine 2019; 40:663-674. [PMID: 30745171 PMCID: PMC6413684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) is marked by cyst formation in the renal tubules, primarily in the collecting duct (CD) system, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. Patients with PKD are generally advised to restrict their dietary sodium intake. This study was aimed at testing the outcomes of dietary salt manipulation in ARPKD. Methods PCK/CrljCrlPkhd1pck/CRL (PCK) rats, a model of ARPKD, were fed a normal (0.4% NaCl; NS), high salt (4% NaCl; HS), and sodium-deficient (0.01% NaCl; SD) diets for 8 weeks. Immunohistochemistry, GFR measurements, balance studies, and molecular biology approaches were applied to evaluate the outcomes of the protocol. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) levels were assessed using LC-MS/MS, and renal miRNA profiles were studied. Findings Both HS and SD diets resulted in an increase in cystogenesis. However, SD diet caused extensive growth of cysts in the renal cortical area, and hypertrophy of the tissue; RAAS components were enhanced in the SD group. We observed a reduction in epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) expression in the SD group, accompanied with mRNA level increase. miRNA assay revealed that renal miR-9a-5p level was augmented in the SD group; we showed that this miRNA decreases ENaC channel number in CD cells. Interpretation Our data demonstrate a mechanism of ARPKD progression during salt restriction that involves activity of ENaC. We further show that miR-9a-5p potentially implicated in this mechanism and that miR-9a-5p downregulates ENaC in cultured CD cells. Our findings open new therapeutic possibilities and highlight the importance of understanding salt reabsorption in ARPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Tengis S Pavlov
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Christine A Klemens
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jessica Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000 West National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
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16
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Chen L, Yang T, Lu DW, Zhao H, Feng YL, Chen H, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Zhao YY. Central role of dysregulation of TGF-β/Smad in CKD progression and potential targets of its treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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