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Ferrand A, Vergalli J, Bosi C, Pantel A, Pagès JM, Davin-Regli A. Contribution of efflux and mutations in fluoroquinolone susceptibility in MDR enterobacterial isolates: a quantitative and molecular study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:1532-1542. [PMID: 37104818 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The emergence of MDR strains is a public health problem in the management of associated infections. Several resistance mechanisms are present, and antibiotic efflux is often found at the same time as enzyme resistance and/or target mutations. However, in the laboratory routinely, only the latter two are identified and the prevalence of antibiotic expulsion is underestimated, causing a misinterpretation of the bacterial resistance phenotype. The development of a diagnostic system to quantify the efflux routinely would thus improve the management of patients. METHODS A quantitative technique based on detection of clinically used fluoroquinolones was investigated in Enterobacteriaceae clinical strains with a high or basal efflux activity. The detail of efflux involvement was studied from MIC determination and antibiotic accumulation inside bacteria. WGS was carried out on selected strains to determine the genetic background associated with efflux expression. RESULTS Only 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate exhibited a lack of efflux whereas 13 isolates had a basal efflux and 8 presented efflux pump overexpression. The antibiotic accumulation evidenced the efficacy of the efflux mechanism in strains, and the contribution of dynamic expulsion versus target mutations in fluoroquinolone susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that phenylalanine arginine β-naphthylamide is not a reliable marker of efflux due to the affinity of the AcrB efflux pump for different substrates. We have developed an accumulation test that can be used efficiently on clinical isolates collected by the biological laboratory. The experimental conditions and protocols ensure a robust assay that with improvements in practice, expertise and equipment could be transferred to the hospital laboratory to diagnose the contribution of efflux in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ferrand
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Vergalli
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Bosi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier d'Aubagne, Aubagne, France
| | - Alix Pantel
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Université Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, 30900 Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Davin-Regli
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
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2
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Dofini Magnini R, Pedinielli F, Vergalli J, Ouedraogo N, Remy S, Hilou A, Brunel JM, Pagès JM, Davin-Regli A. Acacia senegal Budmunchiamines as a Potential Adjuvant for Rejuvenating Phenicol Activities towards Escherichia coli-Resistant Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108790. [PMID: 37240134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous emergence of bacterial resistance alters the activities of different antibiotic families and requires appropriate strategies to solve therapeutic impasses. Medicinal plants are an attractive source for researching alternative and original therapeutic molecules. In this study, the fractionation of natural extracts from A. senegal and the determination of antibacterial activities are associated with molecular networking and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data used to characterize active molecule(s). The activities of the combinations, which included various fractions plus an antibiotic, were investigated using the "chessboard" test. Bio-guided fractionation allowed the authors to obtain individually active or synergistic fractions with chloramphenicol activity. An LC-MS/MS analysis of the fraction of interest and molecular array reorganization showed that most identified compounds are Budmunchiamines (macrocyclic alkaloids). This study describes an interesting source of bioactive secondary metabolites structurally related to Budmunchiamines that are able to rejuvenate a significant chloramphenicol activity in strains that produce an AcrB efflux pump. They will pave the way for researching new active molecules for restoring the activity of antibiotics that are substrates of efflux pumps in enterobacterial-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Dofini Magnini
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche-Développement de Phytomédicaments et Médicaments (LR-D/PM), IRSS, CNRST, Département MEPHATRA-PH, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquée (LABIOCA), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - François Pedinielli
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, BP 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Julia Vergalli
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Noufou Ouedraogo
- Laboratoire de Recherche-Développement de Phytomédicaments et Médicaments (LR-D/PM), IRSS, CNRST, Département MEPHATRA-PH, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso
| | - Simon Remy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, BP 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Adama Hilou
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquée (LABIOCA), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean-Michel Brunel
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Davin-Regli
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
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3
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Pajović JD, Dojčilović RJ, Kaščáková S, Réfrégiers M, Božanić DK, Djoković V. Enhanced resonance energy transfer in gold nanoparticles bifunctionalized by tryptophan and riboflavin and its application in fluorescence bioimaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 227:113340. [PMID: 37201446 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles were functionalized by amino acid tryptophan and vitamin riboflavin - a resonance energy transfer (RET) pair of biomolecules. The presence of the gold nanoparticles resulted in 65% increase in RET efficiency. Because of enhanced RET efficiency, the photobleaching dynamics of the fluorescent molecules at the surface of the nanoparticles is different from that of molecules in solution. The observed effect was used for detection of the functionalized nanoparticles within biological material rich with autofluorescent species. Synchrotron radiation deep-ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy is used to study the photobleaching dynamics of the fluorescence centers within human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7.5.1 cells incubated with the nanoparticles. The fluorescent centers were classified according to their photobleaching dynamics, which enabled the discrimination of the cell areas where the accumulation of the nanoparticles takes place, even though the particles were smaller than the spatial resolution of the images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena D Pajović
- DISCO Beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48, Gif sur Yvette 91192, France; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
| | - Radovan J Dojčilović
- University of Belgrade, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Center of Excellence for Photoconversion, PO Box 522, Belgrade 11001, Serbia; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Slávka Kaščáková
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif F-94800, France; University Paris-Sud XI, UMR-S1193, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Matthieu Réfrégiers
- DISCO Beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48, Gif sur Yvette 91192, France; Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, Orléans 45071, France
| | - Dušan K Božanić
- University of Belgrade, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Center of Excellence for Photoconversion, PO Box 522, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Djoković
- University of Belgrade, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Center of Excellence for Photoconversion, PO Box 522, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
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4
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-Aryl-2(trifluoromethyl)benzo[][1,8]naphthyridin-4(1)-one as Convenient Platform to Design High Photostable and Long-Lived Dyad Fluorophore with Potential Application in Live-Cell Imaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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5
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Ongwae GM, Lepori I, Chordia MD, Dalesandro BE, Apostolos AJ, Siegrist MS, Pires MM. Measurement of Small Molecule Accumulation into Diderm Bacteria. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:97-110. [PMID: 36530146 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Some of the most dangerous bacterial pathogens (Gram-negative and mycobacterial) deploy a formidable secondary membrane barrier to reduce the influx of exogenous molecules. For Gram-negative bacteria, this second exterior membrane is known as the outer membrane (OM), while for the Gram-indeterminate Mycobacteria, it is known as the "myco" membrane. Although different in composition, both the OM and mycomembrane are key structures that restrict the passive permeation of small molecules into bacterial cells. Although it is well-appreciated that such structures are principal determinants of small molecule permeation, it has proven to be challenging to assess this feature in a robust and quantitative way or in complex, infection-relevant settings. Herein, we describe the development of the bacterial chloro-alkane penetration assay (BaCAPA), which employs the use of a genetically encoded protein called HaloTag, to measure the uptake and accumulation of molecules into model Gram-negative and mycobacterial species, Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis, respectively, and into the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The HaloTag protein can be directed to either the cytoplasm or the periplasm of bacteria. This offers the possibility of compartmental analysis of permeation across individual cell membranes. Significantly, we also showed that BaCAPA can be used to analyze the permeation of molecules into host cell-internalized E. coli and M. tuberculosis, a critical capability for analyzing intracellular pathogens. Together, our results show that BaCAPA affords facile measurement of permeability across four barriers: the host plasma and phagosomal membranes and the diderm bacterial cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Ongwae
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Irene Lepori
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mahendra D Chordia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Brianna E Dalesandro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Alexis J Apostolos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - M Sloan Siegrist
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Marcos M Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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6
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Tabcheh J, Vergalli J, Davin-Régli A, Ghanem N, Pages JM, Al-Bayssari C, Brunel JM. Rejuvenating the Activity of Usual Antibiotics on Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: Recent Issues and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1515. [PMID: 36675027 PMCID: PMC9864949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance continues to evolve and spread beyond all boundaries, resulting in an increase in morbidity and mortality for non-curable infectious diseases. Due to the failure of conventional antimicrobial therapy and the lack of introduction of a novel class of antibiotics, novel strategies have recently emerged to combat these multidrug-resistant infectious microorganisms. In this review, we highlight the development of effective antibiotic combinations and of antibiotics with non-antibiotic activity-enhancing compounds to address the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinane Tabcheh
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, SSA, MCT, 13385 Marseille, France
- Faculty of Science 3, Lebanese University, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Julia Vergalli
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, SSA, MCT, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Davin-Régli
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, SSA, MCT, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Noha Ghanem
- Faculty of Science 3, Lebanese University, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marie Pages
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, SSA, MCT, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Charbel Al-Bayssari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut P.O. Box 55251, Lebanon
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7
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Vergalli J, Chauvet H, Oliva F, Pajović J, Malloci G, Vargiu AV, Réfrégiers M, Ruggerone P, Pagès JM. A framework for dissecting affinities of multidrug efflux transporter AcrB to fluoroquinolones. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1062. [PMID: 36203030 PMCID: PMC9537517 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient concentration of antibiotics close to their target is key for antimicrobial action. Among the tools exploited by bacteria to reduce the internal concentration of antibiotics, multidrug efflux pumps stand out for their ability to capture and expel many unrelated compounds out of the cell. Determining the specificities and efflux efficiency of these pumps towards their substrates would provide quantitative insights into the development of antibacterial strategies. In this light, we developed a competition efflux assay on whole cells, that allows measuring the efficacy of extrusion of clinically used quinolones in populations and individual bacteria. Experiments reveal the efficient competitive action of some quinolones that restore an active concentration of other fluoroquinolones. Computational methods show how quinolones interact with the multidrug efflux transporter AcrB. Combining experiments and computations unveils a key molecular mechanism acting in vivo to detoxify bacterial cells. The developed assay can be generalized to the study of other efflux pumps. A competitive efflux assay combined with computational approaches reveal how different quinolones interact with the prototypical bacterial multidrug efflux transporter AcrB, providing insights which may help optimise antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vergalli
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Hugo Chauvet
- DISCO beamline, Synchrotron Soleil, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, (CA), Italy
| | - Jelena Pajović
- DISCO beamline, Synchrotron Soleil, Saint-Aubin, France.,University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Giuliano Malloci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, (CA), Italy
| | | | - Matthieu Réfrégiers
- DISCO beamline, Synchrotron Soleil, Saint-Aubin, France.,Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, Orléans, France
| | - Paolo Ruggerone
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, (CA), Italy
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France.
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8
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Łapińska U, Voliotis M, Lee KK, Campey A, Stone MRL, Tuck B, Phetsang W, Zhang B, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Blaskovich MAT, Pagliara S. Fast bacterial growth reduces antibiotic accumulation and efficacy. eLife 2022; 11:e74062. [PMID: 35670099 PMCID: PMC9173744 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variations between individual microbial cells play a key role in the resistance of microbial pathogens to pharmacotherapies. Nevertheless, little is known about cell individuality in antibiotic accumulation. Here, we hypothesise that phenotypic diversification can be driven by fundamental cell-to-cell differences in drug transport rates. To test this hypothesis, we employed microfluidics-based single-cell microscopy, libraries of fluorescent antibiotic probes and mathematical modelling. This approach allowed us to rapidly identify phenotypic variants that avoid antibiotic accumulation within populations of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia, and Staphylococcus aureus. Crucially, we found that fast growing phenotypic variants avoid macrolide accumulation and survive treatment without genetic mutations. These findings are in contrast with the current consensus that cellular dormancy and slow metabolism underlie bacterial survival to antibiotics. Our results also show that fast growing variants display significantly higher expression of ribosomal promoters before drug treatment compared to slow growing variants. Drug-free active ribosomes facilitate essential cellular processes in these fast-growing variants, including efflux that can reduce macrolide accumulation. We used this new knowledge to eradicate variants that displayed low antibiotic accumulation through the chemical manipulation of their outer membrane inspiring new avenues to overcome current antibiotic treatment failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Łapińska
- Living Systems Institute, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
- Biosciences, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Margaritis Voliotis
- Living Systems Institute, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Ka Kiu Lee
- Living Systems Institute, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
- Biosciences, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Adrian Campey
- Living Systems Institute, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
- Biosciences, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - M Rhia L Stone
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New JerseyPiscatawayUnited States
| | - Brandon Tuck
- Living Systems Institute, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
- Biosciences, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Wanida Phetsang
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Bing Zhang
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Living Systems Institute, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
- EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria
| | - Mark AT Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Stefano Pagliara
- Living Systems Institute, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
- Biosciences, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
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9
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Hain E, Adejumo H, Anger B, Orenstein J, Blaney L. Advances in antimicrobial activity analysis of fluoroquinolone, macrolide, sulfonamide, and tetracycline antibiotics for environmental applications through improved bacteria selection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125686. [PMID: 34088184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has led to their ubiquitous presence in water and wastewater and raised concerns about antimicrobial resistance. Clinical antibiotic susceptibility assays have been repurposed to measure removal of antimicrobial activity during water and wastewater treatment processes. The corresponding protocols have mainly employed growth inhibition of Escherichia coli. The present work focused on optimizing bacteria selection to improve the sensitivity of residual antimicrobial activity measurements by broth microdilution assays. Thirteen antibiotics from four classes (i.e., fluoroquinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines) were investigated against three gram-negative organisms, namely E. coli, Mycoplasma microti, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated for each antibiotic-bacteria pair. P. fluorescens produces a fluorescent siderophore, pyoverdine, that was used to assess sublethal effects and further enhance the sensitivity of antimicrobial activity measurements. The optimal antibiotic-bacteria pairs were as follows: fluoroquinolone-E. coli (growth inhibition); macrolide- and sulfonamide-M. microti (growth inhibition); and, tetracycline-P. fluorescens (pyoverdine inhibition). Compared to E. coli growth inhibition, the sensitivity of antimicrobial activity analysis was improved by up to 728, 19, and 2.7 times for macrolides (tylosin), sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole), and tetracyclines (chlortetracycline), facilitating application of these bioassays at environmentally-relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Hain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Hollie Adejumo
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; University of Michigan, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2350 Hayward Street, 2105 GG Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA
| | - Bridget Anger
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Joseph Orenstein
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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10
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Ferreira M, Gameiro P. Fluoroquinolone-Transition Metal Complexes: A Strategy to Overcome Bacterial Resistance. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071506. [PMID: 34361943 PMCID: PMC8303200 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are antibiotics widely used in the clinical practice due to their large spectrum of action against Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. Nevertheless, the misuse and overuse of these antibiotics has triggered the development of bacterial resistance mechanisms. One of the strategies to circumvent this problem is the complexation of FQs with transition metal ions, known as metalloantibiotics, which can promote different activity and enhanced pharmacological behaviour. Here, we discuss the stability of FQ metalloantibiotics and their possible translocation pathways. The main goal of the present review is to frame the present knowledge on the conjunction of biophysical and biological tools that can help to unravel the antibacterial action of FQ metalloantibiotics. An additional goal is to shed light on the studies that must be accomplished to ensure stability and viability of such metalloantibiotics. Potentiometric, spectroscopic, microscopic, microbiological, and computational techniques are surveyed. Stability and partition constants, interaction with membrane porins and elucidation of their role in the influx, determination of the antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates, elucidation of the mechanism of action, and toxicity assays are described for FQ metalloantibiotics.
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11
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Magnini RD, Nitiéma M, Ouédraogo GG, Ilboudo S, Bancé A, Millogo-Koné H, Giorgio CD, Pagès JM, Hilou A, Davin-Regli A. Toxicity and bacterial anti-motility activities of the hydroethanolic extract of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd (Fabaceae) leaves. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:178. [PMID: 34187452 PMCID: PMC8243867 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acacia senegal is a plant traditionally used for its various properties, including the treatment of infectious diseases. Recently, our team has demonstrated the ability of the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves to increase the activity of phenicol antibiotics against multi-resistant bacteria. The aim of this work is to determine the toxicological effects of the extract and its capacity to inhibit the bacterial mobility of Gram-negative bacteria, in order to evaluate the level of safety use of this plant. METHODS The cytotoxicity test was performed using the neutral red absorption method. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity were conducted on NMRI mice and Wistar rats. The behaviour and adverse effects were recorded during the 14 days of the acute study. For the subacute test, biochemical parameters, food and water consumption, and morphological parameters were determined. The anti-motility activities were evaluated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 and Escherichia coli AG100, using specific concentrations of Agar as required by the method. RESULTS HEASG induced inhibition of keratinocytes cell growth with an IC50 of 1302 ± 60 μg/mL. For the acute toxicity study in mice, the single dose of extract of 2000 mg/kg body weight caused no deaths and no behavioural changes were observed; therefore, the median lethal dose (LD50) of HEASG was calculated to 5000 mg/kg body weight. In Wistar rats, no mortality was observed at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day during the 28-day subacute oral toxicity study. The weights of both females and males increased globally over time, regardless of the batch. No statistically significant differences were registered for organ weights and biochemical parameters, except for chloride for biochemical parameters. Water and food consumption did not change significantly. Furthermore, no macroscopic changes in organ appearance were observed. Regarding anti-motility activity, the extract has reduced the swarming motility of PA01 and AG100 significantly at the concentration of 32 μg/mL (P < 0.001). The extract has reduced the swimming motility (P < 0.01) of PA01 but not AG100. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that hydroethanolic extract of A. senegal leaves has significant activity against bacterial motility and relatively low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Dofini Magnini
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Aix-Marseille, 13385, Marseille, France.
- Département de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle/ Pharmacie (MEPHATRA-PH), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou 03, 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso.
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquée (LABIOCA), Université Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03, 03 BP 848, Burkina Faso.
| | - Mathieu Nitiéma
- Département de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle/ Pharmacie (MEPHATRA-PH), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou 03, 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso
| | - Geoffroy G Ouédraogo
- Département de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle/ Pharmacie (MEPHATRA-PH), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou 03, 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso
| | - Sylvain Ilboudo
- Département de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle/ Pharmacie (MEPHATRA-PH), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou 03, 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Internationale - Environnement, Santé et Sociétés (UMI 3189, ESS) CNRST (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) / CNRS (Marseille, France)/ UCAD-UGB (Dakar, Sénégal)/ USTTB, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alimata Bancé
- Département de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle/ Pharmacie (MEPHATRA-PH), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou 03, 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquée (LABIOCA), Université Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03, 03 BP 848, Burkina Faso
| | - Hassanata Millogo-Koné
- Département de Médecine et Pharmacopée Traditionnelle/ Pharmacie (MEPHATRA-PH), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Ouagadougou 03, 03 BP 7047, Burkina Faso
| | - Carole Di Giorgio
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS IRD Avignon Université, Campus Timone - Faculté de Pharmacie, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, F-13385, Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Aix-Marseille, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Adama Hilou
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquée (LABIOCA), Université Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03, 03 BP 848, Burkina Faso
| | - Anne Davin-Regli
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Aix-Marseille, 13385, Marseille, France
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12
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Rybenkov VV, Zgurskaya HI, Ganguly C, Leus IV, Zhang Z, Moniruzzaman M. The Whole Is Bigger than the Sum of Its Parts: Drug Transport in the Context of Two Membranes with Active Efflux. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5597-5631. [PMID: 33596653 PMCID: PMC8369882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell envelope plays a dual role in the life of bacteria by simultaneously protecting it from a hostile environment and facilitating access to beneficial molecules. At the heart of this ability lie the restrictive properties of the cellular membrane augmented by efflux transporters, which preclude intracellular penetration of most molecules except with the help of specialized uptake mediators. Recently, kinetic properties of the cell envelope came into focus driven on one hand by the urgent need in new antibiotics and, on the other hand, by experimental and theoretical advances in studies of transmembrane transport. A notable result from these studies is the development of a kinetic formalism that integrates the Michaelis-Menten behavior of individual transporters with transmembrane diffusion and offers a quantitative basis for the analysis of intracellular penetration of bioactive compounds. This review surveys key experimental and computational approaches to the investigation of transport by individual translocators and in whole cells, summarizes key findings from these studies and outlines implications for antibiotic discovery. Special emphasis is placed on Gram-negative bacteria, whose envelope contains two separate membranes. This feature sets these organisms apart from Gram-positive bacteria and eukaryotic cells by providing them with full benefits of the synergy between slow transmembrane diffusion and active efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin V Rybenkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Helen I Zgurskaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Chhandosee Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Inga V Leus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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13
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Prajapati JD, Kleinekathöfer U, Winterhalter M. How to Enter a Bacterium: Bacterial Porins and the Permeation of Antibiotics. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5158-5192. [PMID: 33724823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous successes in the field of antibiotic discovery seen in the previous century, infectious diseases have remained a leading cause of death. More specifically, pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria have become a global threat due to their extraordinary ability to acquire resistance against any clinically available antibiotic, thus urging for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. One major challenge is to design new antibiotics molecules able to rapidly penetrate Gram-negative bacteria in order to achieve a lethal intracellular drug accumulation. Protein channels in the outer membrane are known to form an entry route for many antibiotics into bacterial cells. Up until today, there has been a lack of simple experimental techniques to measure the antibiotic uptake and the local concentration in subcellular compartments. Hence, rules for translocation directly into the various Gram-negative bacteria via the outer membrane or via channels have remained elusive, hindering the design of new or the improvement of existing antibiotics. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress, both experimentally as well as computationally, in understanding the structure-function relationship of outer-membrane channels of Gram-negative pathogens, mainly focusing on the transport of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen 28759, Germany
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14
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Troudi A, Pagès JM, Brunel JM. Chemical Highlights Supporting the Role of Lipid A in Efficient Biological Adaptation of Gram-Negative Bacteria to External Stresses. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1816-1834. [PMID: 33538159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria provides an efficient barrier against external noxious compounds such as antimicrobial agents. Associated with drug target modification, it contributes to the overall failure of chemotherapy. In the complex OM architecture, Lipid A plays an essential role by anchoring the lipopolysaccharide in the membrane and ensuring the spatial organization between lipids, proteins, and sugars. Currently, the targets of almost all antibiotics are intracellularly located and require translocation across membranes. We report herein an integrated view of Lipid A synthesis, membrane assembly, a structure comparison at the molecular structure level of numerous Gram-negative bacterial species, as well as its recent use as a target for original antibacterial molecules. This review paves the way for a new vision of a key membrane component that acts during bacterial adaptation to environmental stresses and for the development of new weapons against microbial resistance to usual antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Troudi
- UMR-MD1, U1261, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, SSA, MCT, 13385 Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - Jean Marie Pagès
- UMR-MD1, U1261, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, SSA, MCT, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Michel Brunel
- UMR-MD1, U1261, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, SSA, MCT, 13385 Marseille, France
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15
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Birhanu BT, Lee EB, Lee SJ, Park SC. Targeting Salmonella Typhimurium Invasion and Intracellular Survival Using Pyrogallol. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631426. [PMID: 33603727 PMCID: PMC7884331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, an intracellular pathogen, evades the host immune response mechanisms to cause gastroenteritis in animals and humans. After invading the host cells, the bacteria proliferate in Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) and escapes from antimicrobial therapy. Moreover, Salmonella Typhimurium develops resistance to various antimicrobials including, fluoroquinolones. Treating intracellular bacteria and combating drug resistance is essential to limit the infection rate. One way of overcoming these challenges is through combination therapy. In this study, Pyrogallol (PG), a polyphenol, is combined with marbofloxacin (MAR) to investigate its effect on Salmonella Typhimurium invasion and intracellular survival inhibition. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of PG against Salmonella Typhimurium were 128 and 256 μg/mL, respectively. The lowest fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index for a combination of PG and MAR was 0.5. The gentamycin protection assay revealed that PG (30 μg/mL) alone and in combination with sub-MIC of MAR inhibited 72.75 and 76.18% of the invading bacteria in Caco-2 cells, respectively. Besides, the intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium was reduced by 7.69 and 74.36% in treatment with PG alone and combined with sub-MIC of MAR, respectively, which was visualized by the confocal microscopy. PG has also shown to increase the intracellular accumulation of fluoroquinolone by 15.2 and 34.9% at 30 and 100 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated PG suppressed the genetic expression of hilA, invF, sipB, and acrA by 14.6, 15.4, 13.6, and 36%, respectively. However, the downregulation of hilA, invF, sipB, and acrA increased to 80, 74.6, 78, and 70.1%, in combination with sub-MIC of MAR, respectively. Similarly, PG combined with MAR inhibited the expression of sdiA, srgE, and rck genes by 78.6, 62.8, and 61.8%, respectively. In conclusion, PG has shown antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Typhimurium alone and in combination with MAR. It also inhibited invasion and intracellular survival of the bacteria through downregulation of quorum sensing, invading virulence, and efflux pump genes. Hence, PG could be a potential antimicrobial candidate which could limit the intracellular survival and replication of Salmonella Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Development and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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16
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Aihara M, Nishida R, Akimoto M, Gotoh Y, Kiyosuke M, Uchiumi T, Nishioka M, Matsushima Y, Hayashi T, Kang D. Within-host evolution of a Klebsiella pneumoniae clone: selected mutations associated with the alteration of outer membrane protein expression conferred multidrug resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:362-369. [PMID: 33099622 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A patient repeatedly developed bacteraemia despite the continuous use of antibiotics. We obtained two Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the patient's blood on Days 72 and 105 after hospitalization. Each of the two isolates belonged to ST45, but while the first isolate was susceptible to most antibiotics, the second one was resistant to multiple drugs including carbapenems. OBJECTIVES To identify the genetic differences between the two isolates and uncover alterations formed by the within-host bacterial evolution leading to the antimicrobial resistance. METHODS Whole-genome comparison of the two isolates was carried out to identify their genetic differences. We then profiled their outer membrane proteins related to membrane permeability to drugs. To characterize a ramR gene mutation found in the MDR isolate, its WT and mutant genes were cloned and expressed in the MDR isolate. RESULTS The two isolates showed only three genomic differences, located in mdoH, ramR and upstream of ompK36. In the MDR isolate, a single nucleotide substitution in the ompK36 upstream region attenuated OmpK36 expression. A single amino acid residue insertion in RamR in the MDR isolate impaired its function, leading to the down-regulation of OmpK35 and the subsequent up-regulation of the AcrAB-TolC transporter, which may contribute to the MDR. CONCLUSIONS We identified very limited genomic changes in the second K. pneumoniae clone during within-host evolution, but two of the three identified mutations conferred the MDR phenotype on the clone by modulating drug permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamune Aihara
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ruriko Nishida
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaru Akimoto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gotoh
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makiko Kiyosuke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Nishioka
- Division of Laboratory, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsushima
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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17
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Fullam E, Young RJ. Physicochemical properties and Mycobacterium tuberculosis transporters: keys to efficacious antitubercular drugs? RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:43-56. [PMID: 34041481 PMCID: PMC8130550 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Securing novel, safe, and effective medicines to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains an elusive goal, particularly influenced by the largely impervious Mtb envelope that limits exposure and thus efficacy of inhibitors at their cellular and periplasmic targets. The impact of physicochemical properties on pharmacokinetic parameters that govern oral absorption and exposure at sites of infection is considered alongside how these properties influence penetration of the Mtb envelope, with the likely influence of transporter proteins. The findings are discussed to benchmark current drugs and the emerging pipeline, whilst considering tactics for future rational and targeted design strategies, based around emerging data on Mtb transporters and their structures and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fullam
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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18
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Lei Z, Karim A. The challenges and applications of nanotechnology against bacterial resistance. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:281-297. [PMID: 33277732 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to the antibiotics develops rapidly and is increasingly serious health concern in the world. It is an insoluble topic due to the multiple resistant mechanisms. The overexpression of relative activities of the efflux pump has proven to be a frequent and important source of bacterial resistance. Efflux transporters in the membrane from the resistant bacteria could play a key role to inhibit the intracellular drug intake and impede the drug activities. However, nanoparticles (NPs), one of the most frequently used encapsulation materials, could increase the intracellular accumulation of the drug and inhibit the transporter activity effectively. The rational and successful application of nanotechnology is a key factor in overcoming bacterial resistance. Furthermore, nanoparticles such as metallic, carbon nanotubes and so on, may prevent the development of drug resistance and be associated with antibiotic agents, inhibiting biofilm formation or increasing the access into the target cell and exterminating the bacteria eventually. In the current study, the mechanisms of bacterial resistance are discussed and summarized. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges in the use of nanoparticles against bacterial resistance are also illuminated. At the same time, the use of nanoparticles to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria is also investigated by coupling natural antimicrobials or other alternatives. In short, we have provided a new perspective for the application of nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Lei
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aman Karim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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19
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Stone MRL, Łapińska U, Pagliara S, Masi M, Blanchfield JT, Cooper MA, Blaskovich MAT. Fluorescent macrolide probes - synthesis and use in evaluation of bacterial resistance. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:395-404. [PMID: 34458770 PMCID: PMC8341779 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00118j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging crisis of antibiotic resistance requires a multi-pronged approach in order to avert the onset of a post-antibiotic age. Studies of antibiotic uptake and localisation in live cells may inform the design of improved drugs and help develop a better understanding of bacterial resistance and persistence. To facilitate this research, we have synthesised fluorescent derivatives of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin. These analogues exhibit a similar spectrum of antibiotic activity to the parent drug and are capable of labelling both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria for microscopy. The probes localise intracellularly, with uptake in Gram-negative bacteria dependent on the level of efflux pump activity. A plate-based assay established to quantify bacterial labelling and localisation demonstrated that the probes were taken up by both susceptible and resistant bacteria. Significant intra-strain and -species differences were observed in these preliminary studies. In order to examine uptake in real-time, the probe was used in single-cell microfluidic microscopy, revealing previously unseen heterogeneity of uptake in populations of susceptible bacteria. These studies illustrate the potential of fluorescent macrolide probes to characterise and explore drug uptake and efflux in bacteria. Macrolide fluorescent probes illuminate the interactions between antibiotics and bacteria, providing new insight into mechanisms of resistance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rhia L Stone
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland 306 Carmody Road St Lucia 4072 Brisbane Australia
| | - Urszula Łapińska
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QD UK
| | - Stefano Pagliara
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QD UK
| | - Muriel Masi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 911198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Joanne T Blanchfield
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland 68 Cooper Road St Lucia 4072 Brisbane Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland 306 Carmody Road St Lucia 4072 Brisbane Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland 306 Carmody Road St Lucia 4072 Brisbane Australia
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20
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Winterhalter M. Antibiotic uptake through porins located in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:449-457. [PMID: 33161750 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1847080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Making selective inhibitors of novel Gram-negative targets is not a substantial challenge - getting them into Gram-negative bacteria to reach their lethal target is the bottleneck. Poor permeability of the antibiotic requires high concentration causing off target activity. The lack of simple experimental techniques to measure antibiotic uptake as well as the local concentration at the target site creates a particular bottleneck in understanding and in improving the antibiotic activity.Areas covered: Here we recall current approaches to quantify the uptake. For a few antibiotics with known evidence for channel-limited permeation, the flux across a single OmpF or OmpC channel has been measured. For a typical concentration gradient of 1 µM of antibiotics the uptake varies between one up to few hundred molecules per second and per channel.Expert opinion: The current research effort is on quantifying the flux for a larger list of compounds on a cellular (mass spectra, fluorescence) or at single channel level (electrophysiology). A larger dataset of single channel permeabilities under various condition will be a powerful tool for understanding and improving the activity of antibiotics.
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21
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Wang J, Prajapati JD, Kleinekathöfer U, Winterhalter M. Dynamic interaction of fluoroquinolones with magnesium ions monitored using bacterial outer membrane nanopores. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10344-10353. [PMID: 34094296 PMCID: PMC8162440 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03486j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Divalent ions are known to have a severe effect on the translocation of several antibiotic molecules into (pathogenic) bacteria. In the present study we have investigated the effect of divalent ions on the permeability of norfloxacin across the major outer membrane channels from E. coli (OmpF and OmpC) and E. aerogenes (Omp35 and Omp36) at the single channel level. To understand the rate limiting steps in permeation, we reconstituted single porins into planar lipid bilayers and analyzed the ion current fluctuations caused in the presence of norfloxacin. Moreover, to obtain an atomistic view, we complemented the experiments with millisecond-long free energy calculations based on temperature-accelerated Brownian dynamics simulations to identify the most probable permeation pathways of the antibiotics through the respective pores. Both, the experimental analysis and the computational modelling, suggest that norfloxacin is able to permeate through the larger porins, i.e., OmpF, OmpC, and Omp35, whereas it only binds to the slightly narrower porin Omp36. Moreover, divalent ions can bind to negatively charged residues inside the porin, reversing the ion selectivity of the pore. In addition, the divalent ions can chelate with the fluoroquinolone molecules and alter their physicochemical properties. The results suggest that the conjugation with either pores or molecules must break when the antibiotic molecules pass the lumen of the porin, with the conjugation to the antibiotic being more stable than that to the respective pore. In general, the permeation or binding process of fluoroquinolones in porins occurs irrespective of the presence of divalent ions, but the presence of divalent ions can vary the kinetics significantly. Thus, a detailed investigation of the interplay of divalent ions with antibiotics and pores is of key importance in developing new antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | | | | | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen 28759 Bremen Germany
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22
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Khondker A, Bider RC, Passos-Gastaldo I, Wright GD, Rheinstädter MC. Membrane interactions of non-membrane targeting antibiotics: The case of aminoglycosides, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183448. [PMID: 32828850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous antibiotics are known to target intracellular pathways, such as protein translation or DNA replication. Membrane transporters typically regulate drug uptake; however, little is known about direct interactions between these antibiotics and the cell membranes. Here, we studied the interactions between different aminoglycosides (kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, neomycin), macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin), and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin) with bacterial membrane mimics to determine drug partitioning and potential drug-induced membrane disruption. The antibiotics' exact location in the bilayers and their effect on membrane thickness and fluidity were determined from high-resolution X-ray diffraction. While the antibiotics did not change membrane thickness at low (1:100 drug/lipid) or high (1:10 drug/lipid) concentrations, they were found to increase membrane disorder in a dose-dependent manner. However, no membrane damage, such as membrane disruption or pore formation, was observed for any of the antibiotics. To note, all antibiotics partitioned into the lipid head groups, while macrolides and fluoroquinolones also partitioned into the bilayer core. The results suggest that the bacterial membrane is relatively inert in the direct mechanisms of actions of these antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adree Khondker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renée-Claude Bider
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella Passos-Gastaldo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerard D Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maikel C Rheinstädter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Origins Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Cama J, Voliotis M, Metz J, Smith A, Iannucci J, Keyser UF, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Pagliara S. Single-cell microfluidics facilitates the rapid quantification of antibiotic accumulation in Gram-negative bacteria. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2765-2775. [PMID: 32613221 PMCID: PMC7953842 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The double-membrane cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is a formidable barrier to intracellular antibiotic accumulation. A quantitative understanding of antibiotic transport in these cells is crucial for drug development, but this has proved elusive due to a dearth of suitable investigative techniques. Here we combine microfluidics and time-lapse auto-fluorescence microscopy to rapidly quantify antibiotic accumulation in hundreds of individual Escherichia coli cells. By serially manipulating the microfluidic environment, we demonstrated that stationary phase Escherichia coli, traditionally more refractory to antibiotics than growing cells, display reduced accumulation of the antibiotic ofloxacin compared to actively growing cells. Our novel microfluidic method facilitates the quantitative comparison of the role of the microenvironment versus that of the absence of key membrane transport pathways in cellular drug accumulation. Unlike traditional techniques, our assay is rapid, studying accumulation as the cells are dosed with the drug. This platform provides a powerful new tool for studying antibiotic accumulation in bacteria, which will be critical for the rational development of the next generation of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehangir Cama
- Living Systems Institute
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QD
, UK
.
- College of Engineering
, Mathematics and Physical Sciences
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QF
, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
JJ Thomson Avenue
, Cambridge CB3 0HE
, UK
| | - Margaritis Voliotis
- Living Systems Institute
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QD
, UK
.
- College of Engineering
, Mathematics and Physical Sciences
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QF
, UK
| | - Jeremy Metz
- Living Systems Institute
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QD
, UK
.
- School of Biosciences
, College of Life and Environmental Sciences
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QD
, UK
.
| | - Ashley Smith
- Living Systems Institute
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QD
, UK
.
- School of Biosciences
, College of Life and Environmental Sciences
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QD
, UK
.
| | - Jari Iannucci
- Living Systems Institute
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QD
, UK
.
- School of Biosciences
, College of Life and Environmental Sciences
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QD
, UK
.
| | - Ulrich F. Keyser
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
JJ Thomson Avenue
, Cambridge CB3 0HE
, UK
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Living Systems Institute
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QD
, UK
.
- College of Engineering
, Mathematics and Physical Sciences
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QF
, UK
| | - Stefano Pagliara
- Living Systems Institute
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QD
, UK
.
- School of Biosciences
, College of Life and Environmental Sciences
, University of Exeter
,
Exeter EX4 4QD
, UK
.
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24
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Gangathraprabhu B, Kannan S, Santhanam G, Suryadevara N, Maruthamuthu M. A review on the origin of multidrug-resistant Salmonella and perspective of tailored phoP gene towards avirulence. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104352. [PMID: 32592823 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis continues to remain a health problem as the causative organism Salmonella spp. developed resistance to many of the antibiotics. As per World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that enteric fever, accounts for almost 16 million cases annually and over 600,000 deaths worldwide. Recent data revealed that the multi-drug resistance (MDR) rate of enteric fever was as high as 70% in Asian countries, as compared with the overall reported incidence of 50%. Emergence of MDR typhoid fever demands the use of newer antibiotics which also not offer promising effect in recent days. Effective antimicrobial therapy is required to control morbidity and prevent death from typhoid fever. The studies on PhoP/Q regulation revealed it as a best-characterized transcriptional regulation; a two-component system required for Salmonella pathogenesis which controls the expression of more than 40 genes. The PhoP DNA binding proteins possess positively charged amino acids such as arginine, lysine and histidine which present in the DNA binding site. Prevention of PhoP binding in phoP box may ultimately prevent the expression of many regulatory mechanism which plays vital role in Salmonella virulence. Deepness study of PhoP protein and various mutation swots may offer effectual controlling of MDR Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramani Gangathraprabhu
- Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Suganya Kannan
- Central Research laboratory, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Vinayaka Missions Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - Geethanjali Santhanam
- Department of Home Science, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nagaraja Suryadevara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, 42610, Selangor Dahrul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Murugan Maruthamuthu
- Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamilnadu, India.
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25
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Acacia senegal Extract Rejuvenates the Activity of Phenicols on Selected Enterobacteriaceae Multi Drug Resistant Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060323. [PMID: 32545716 PMCID: PMC7344600 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reported the phytochemical composition of two hydroethanolic extracts of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees from Burkina Faso and their activities, alone or in combination with selected antibiotics, against multidrug resistant bacteria. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was used for phytochemical screening. Total phenolic and total flavonoid ant tannins in leaves extracts contents were assessed by spectrophotometric method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of plant extracts and antibiotics were determined using the microdilution method and p-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride. Combinations of extracts and antibiotics were studied using checkerboard assays. Screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins in the hydroethanolic extract (HE) of the leaves. The HE of A. seyal showed the highest total phenolic (571.30 ± 6.97 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (140.41 ± 4.01 mg RTE/g), and tannins (24.72 ± 0.14%, condensed; 35.77 ± 0.19%, hydrolysable tannins). However, the HE of A. senegal showed the lowest total phenolic (69.84 ± 3.54 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (27.32 ± 0.57 mg RTE/g), and tannins (14.60 ± 0.01%, condensed; 3.09 ± 0.02%, hydrolysable). The MICs for HE and antibiotics were in the range of 2–512 and 0.008–1024 mg/L, respectively. All tested HE presented an MIC greater than 512 mg/L except HE of A. senegal. The lowest MIC value (128 mg/L) was obtained with HE of A. senegal against Klebsiella aerogenes EA298 and Escherichia coli AG100A. Interesting restoring effects on chloramphenicol and florphenicol activity were detected with alcoholic extracts of A. senegal against resistant E. coli and K. aerogenes strains that overproduce AcrAB or FloR pumps. The adjuvant effect of HE of A. senegal suggests that the crude extract of leaves could be a potential source of molecules for improving the susceptibility of bacteria to phenicols antibiotics.
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26
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Vergalli J, Atzori A, Pajovic J, Dumont E, Malloci G, Masi M, Vargiu AV, Winterhalter M, Réfrégiers M, Ruggerone P, Pagès JM. The challenge of intracellular antibiotic accumulation, a function of fluoroquinolone influx versus bacterial efflux. Commun Biol 2020; 3:198. [PMID: 32346058 PMCID: PMC7189378 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the spreading of antibiotic resistance, the translocation of antibiotics through bacterial envelopes is crucial for their antibacterial activity. In Gram-negative bacteria, the interplay between membrane permeability and drug efflux pumps must be investigated as a whole. Here, we quantified the intracellular accumulation of a series of fluoroquinolones in population and in individual cells of Escherichia coli according to the expression of the AcrB efflux transporter. Computational results supported the accumulation levels measured experimentally and highlighted how fluoroquinolones side chains interact with specific residues of the distal pocket of the AcrB tight monomer during recognition and binding steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vergalli
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Alessio Atzori
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Jelena Pajovic
- DISCO beamline, Synchrotron Soleil, Saint-Aubin, France
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Estelle Dumont
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
- Institut National Supérieur d'Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP941, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Giuliano Malloci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Muriel Masi
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, CEA, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28719, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Paolo Ruggerone
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France.
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27
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Atzori A, Malloci G, Cardamone F, Bosin A, Vargiu AV, Ruggerone P. Molecular Interactions of Carbapenem Antibiotics with the Multidrug Efflux Transporter AcrB of Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E860. [PMID: 32013182 PMCID: PMC7037162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug/proton antiporter AcrB, engine of the major efflux pump AcrAB(Z)-TolC of Escherichia coli and other bacteria, is characterized by its impressive ability to transport chemically diverse compounds, conferring a multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Although hundreds of small molecules are known to be AcrB substrates, only a few co-crystal structures are available to date. Computational methods have been therefore intensively employed to provide structural and dynamical fingerprints related to transport and inhibition of AcrB. In this work, we performed a systematic computational investigation to study the interaction between representative carbapenem antibiotics and AcrB. We focused on the interaction of carbapenems with the so-called distal pocket, a region known for its importance in binding inhibitors and substrates of AcrB. Our findings reveal how the different physico-chemical nature of these antibiotics is reflected on their binding preference for AcrB. The molecular-level information provided here could help design new antibiotics less susceptible to the efflux mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuliano Malloci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (P.R.)
| | | | | | - Attilio Vittorio Vargiu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.B.); (P.R.)
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28
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Dumont E, Vergalli J, Conraux L, Taillier C, Vassort A, Pajovic J, Réfrégiers M, Mourez M, Pagès JM. Antibiotics and efflux: combined spectrofluorimetry and mass spectrometry to evaluate the involvement of concentration and efflux activity in antibiotic intracellular accumulation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:58-65. [PMID: 30325444 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Gram-negative bacteria, passing through the double membrane barrier to reach the inhibitory concentration inside the bacterium is a pivotal step for antibiotic activity. Spectrofluorimetry has been developed to follow fluoroquinolone accumulation inside bacteria using intrinsic bacterial fluorescence as an internal standard. However, adaptation for non-fluorescent antibiotics is needed; quantitative methods based on MS offer the possibility of expanding the detection range obtained by spectrofluorimetry. Objectives To validate, with spectrofluorimetry, the use of MS to measure antibiotic accumulation in cells and to determine the relationship between antibiotic concentrations and the amount of intrabacterial accumulation in different efflux backgrounds on the same batch of molecules. Methods Spectrofluorimetry was performed in parallel with MS on the same samples to measure the ciprofloxacin and fleroxacin accumulation in cells expressing various efflux pump levels. A microplate protocol was set up to determine the antibiotic accumulation as a function of external antibiotic concentrations. Results A correlation existed between the data obtained with spectrofluorimetry and MS, whatever the efflux pump or tested antibiotic. The results highlighted different dynamics of uptake between ciprofloxacin and fleroxacin as well as the relationship between the level of efflux activity and antibiotic accumulation. Conclusions We have developed a microplate protocol and cross-validated two complementary methods: spectrofluorimetry, which contains a reliable internal standard; and MS, which allows detection of low antibiotic amounts. These assays allow study of the dose effect and the efflux impact on the intrabacterial accumulation of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Dumont
- UMR_MD1, Aix-Marseille Univ, U-1261 INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Vergalli
- UMR_MD1, Aix-Marseille Univ, U-1261 INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Conraux
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Carine Taillier
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Aurélie Vassort
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | | | | | - Michael Mourez
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi R&D, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- UMR_MD1, Aix-Marseille Univ, U-1261 INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
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29
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Li B, Yin F, Zhao X, Guo Y, Wang W, Wang P, Zhu H, Yin Y, Wang X. Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 Mediates Cell Permeability and Resistance to Hydrophobic Antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3015. [PMID: 31998280 PMCID: PMC6966882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is considered the last-resort antibiotic used to treat multidrug resistant bacteria-related infections. However, the discovery of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, threatens the clinical utility of colistin antibiotics. In this study, the physiological function of MCR-1, which encodes an LPS-modifying enzyme, was investigated in E. coli K-12. Specifically, the impact of mcr-1 on membrane permeability and antibiotic resistance of E. coli was assessed by constructing an mcr-1 deletion mutant and by a complementation study. The removal of the mcr-1 gene from plasmid pHNSHP45 not only led to reduced resistance to colistin but also resulted in a significant change in the membrane permeability of E. coli. Unexpectedly, the removal of the mcr-1 gene increased cell viability under high osmotic stress conditions (e.g., 7.0% NaCl) and led to increased resistance to hydrophobic antibiotics. Increased expression of mcr-1 also resulted in decreased growth rate and changed the cellular morphology of E. coli. Collectively, our results revealed that the spread of mcr-1-carrying plasmids alters other physiological functions in addition to conferring colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China
| | - Fang Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeshi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources in Hunan South, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Porins and small-molecule translocation across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 18:164-176. [DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Davin-Regli A, Lavigne JP, Pagès JM. Enterobacter spp.: Update on Taxonomy, Clinical Aspects, and Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00002-19. [PMID: 31315895 PMCID: PMC6750132 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00002-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Enterobacter is a member of the ESKAPE group, which contains the major resistant bacterial pathogens. First described in 1960, this group member has proven to be more complex as a result of the exponential evolution of phenotypic and genotypic methods. Today, 22 species belong to the Enterobacter genus. These species are described in the environment and have been reported as opportunistic pathogens in plants, animals, and humans. The pathogenicity/virulence of this bacterium remains rather unclear due to the limited amount of work performed to date in this field. In contrast, its resistance against antibacterial agents has been extensively studied. In the face of antibiotic treatment, it is able to manage different mechanisms of resistance via various local and global regulator genes and the modulation of the expression of different proteins, including enzymes (β-lactamases, etc.) or membrane transporters, such as porins and efflux pumps. During various hospital outbreaks, the Enterobacter aerogenes and E. cloacae complex exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype, which has stimulated questions about the role of cascade regulation in the emergence of these well-adapted clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Davin-Regli
- INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Department of Microbiology, U1047, INSERM, University Montpellier and University Hospital Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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32
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Breaching the Barrier: Quantifying Antibiotic Permeability across Gram-negative Bacterial Membranes. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3531-3546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Stone MRL, Masi M, Phetsang W, Pagès JM, Cooper MA, Blaskovich MAT. Fluoroquinolone-derived fluorescent probes for studies of bacterial penetration and efflux. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:901-906. [PMID: 31303987 PMCID: PMC6596217 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes derived from the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin were synthesised using a Cu(i)-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to link a ciprofloxacin azide derivative with alkyne-substituted green and blue fluorophores.
Fluorescent probes derived from the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin were synthesised using a Cu(i)-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to link a ciprofloxacin azide derivative with alkyne-substituted green and blue fluorophores. The azide (2) and fluorophore (3 and 4) derivatives retained antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The use of confocal fluorescent microscopy showed intracellular penetration, which was substantially enhanced in the presence of carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone as an efflux pump inhibitor in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rhia L Stone
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Muriel Masi
- Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques , UMR_MD1 , Inserm U1261 , Aix-Marseille Univ & IRBA , Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie , 27 Bd Jean Moulin , 13005 Marseille , France
| | - Wanida Phetsang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques , UMR_MD1 , Inserm U1261 , Aix-Marseille Univ & IRBA , Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie , 27 Bd Jean Moulin , 13005 Marseille , France
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
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34
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Venter H. Reversing resistance to counter antimicrobial resistance in the World Health Organisation's critical priority of most dangerous pathogens. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180474. [PMID: 30910848 PMCID: PMC6465202 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The speed at which bacteria develop antimicrobial resistance far outpace drug discovery and development efforts resulting in untreatable infections. The World Health Organisation recently released a list of pathogens in urgent need for the development of new antimicrobials. The organisms that are listed as the most critical priority are all Gram-negative bacteria resistant to the carbapenem class of antibiotics. Carbapenem resistance in these organisms is typified by intrinsic resistance due to the expression of antibiotic efflux pumps and the permeability barrier presented by the outer membrane, as well as by acquired resistance due to the acquisition of enzymes able to degrade β-lactam antibiotics. In this perspective article we argue the case for reversing resistance by targeting these resistance mechanisms - to increase our arsenal of available antibiotics and drastically reduce antibiotic discovery times - as the most effective way to combat antimicrobial resistance in these high priority pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Venter
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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35
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Verderosa AD, Dhouib R, Fairfull-Smith KE, Totsika M. Profluorescent Fluoroquinolone-Nitroxides for Investigating Antibiotic⁻Bacterial Interactions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8010019. [PMID: 30836686 PMCID: PMC6466543 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are widely used for imaging and measuring dynamic processes in living cells. Fluorescent antibiotics are valuable tools for examining antibiotic⁻bacterial interactions, antimicrobial resistance and elucidating antibiotic modes of action. Profluorescent nitroxides are 'switch on' fluorescent probes used to visualize and monitor intracellular free radical and redox processes in biological systems. Here, we have combined the inherent fluorescent and antimicrobial properties of the fluoroquinolone core structure with the fluorescence suppression capabilities of a nitroxide to produce the first example of a profluorescent fluoroquinolone-nitroxide probe. Fluoroquinolone-nitroxide (FN) 14 exhibited significant suppression of fluorescence (>36-fold), which could be restored via radical trapping (fluoroquinolone-methoxyamine 17) or reduction to the corresponding hydroxylamine 20. Importantly, FN 14 was able to enter both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells, emitted a measurable fluorescence signal upon cell entry (switch on), and retained antibacterial activity. In conclusion, profluorescent nitroxide antibiotics offer a new powerful tool for visualizing antibiotic⁻bacterial interactions and researching intracellular chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Verderosa
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Rabeb Dhouib
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Kathryn E Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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36
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Louati K, Mlouka M, Safta F. Development of a new liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous separation of ciprofloxacin degradation products with 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural, impurity of D-glucose, in an intravenous solution for perfusion. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2019; 77:179-197. [PMID: 30683488 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The place occupied by fluoroquinolones is very important clinically. Ciprofloxacin has been the most widely prescribed one which exhibits good activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter. D-glucose is frequently used as an excipient in most formulations for perfusion solutions. Since there is much interest in pharmaceutical quality control of such formulations, separation of impurities from the main drug substances and accurate assay quantification, and since there is no reference or monograph until nowadays that has been reported for the simultaneous separation of ciprofloxacin degradation products along with 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF), impurity of D-glucose, classified as a high toxic substance, thus our aim of this work is to develop a new simple, sensitive and stability indicating method allowing this separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. We have started from the chromatographic conditions recommended by the British Pharmacopoeia, and by optimizing the nature of the stationary phase, the composition of the mobile phase and the injection volume. After optimisation, the retained chromatographic conditions have enabled the separation of all impurities with good resolution factor greater than 1.5 for each pair of peaks and with good symmetry peak shape. The developed method was validated according to the International Conference of Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines for specificity, detection and quantification limits, and then it was applied to stability study of the formulation subjected to different ICH prescribed stress conditions. The 5-HMF was checked to be the impurity issued from D-glucose hydrolysis by high temperature mainly after autoclaving of pharmaceuticals. The developed method was proved to be simple, specific with very low limit of quantification. Hence, it can be considered as a method for stability indicating and routine quality control analysis in pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Louati
- Scientific research department, Road of AIN, Km 5.5, PO Box No. 204, 3042 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - M Mlouka
- Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Monastir, Road of Ibn Sina, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - F Safta
- Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Monastir, Road of Ibn Sina, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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37
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Abstract
The transport of small molecules across membranes is essential for the import of nutrients and other energy sources into the cell and, for the export of waste and other potentially harmful byproducts out of the cell. While hydrophobic molecules are permeable to membranes, ions and other small polar molecules require transport via specialized membrane transport proteins . The two major classes of membrane transport proteins are transporters and channels. With our focus here on porins-major class of non-specific diffusion channel proteins , we will highlight some recent structural biology reports and functional assays that have substantially contributed to our understanding of the mechanism that mediates uptake of small molecules, including antibiotics, across the outer membrane of Enterobacteriaceae . We will also review advances in the regulation of porin expression and porin biogenesis and discuss these pathways as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Masi
- UMR_MD1, Inserm U1261, IRBA, Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- UMR_MD1, Inserm U1261, IRBA, Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
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38
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Dumont E, Vergalli J, Pajovic J, Bhamidimarri SP, Morante K, Wang J, Lubriks D, Suna E, Stavenger RA, Winterhalter M, Réfrégiers M, Pagès JM. Mechanistic aspects of maltotriose-conjugate translocation to the Gram-negative bacteria cytoplasm. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 2:e201800242. [PMID: 30620010 PMCID: PMC6311466 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule accumulation in Gram-negative bacteria is a key challenge to discover novel antibiotics, because of their two membranes and efflux pumps expelling toxic molecules. An approach to overcome this challenge is to hijack uptake pathways so that bacterial transporters shuttle the antibiotic to the cytoplasm. Here, we have characterized maltodextrin-fluorophore conjugates that can pass through both the outer and inner membranes mediated by components of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon. Single-channel electrophysiology recording demonstrated that the compounds permeate across the LamB channel leading to accumulation in the periplasm. We have also demonstrated that a maltotriose conjugate distributes into both the periplasm and cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the molecule activates the maltose regulon and triggers the expression of maltose binding protein in the periplasmic space indicating that the complete maltose entry pathway is induced. This maltotriose conjugate can (i) reach the periplasmic and cytoplasmic compartments to significant internal concentrations and (ii) auto-induce its own entry pathway via the activation of the maltose regulon, representing an interesting prototype to deliver molecules to the cytoplasm of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Dumont
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Service de Santé des Armées, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Vergalli
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Service de Santé des Armées, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Marseille, France
| | - Jelena Pajovic
- DISCO Beamline, Synchrotron Soleil, Saint-Aubin, France.,University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Satya P Bhamidimarri
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Koldo Morante
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Robert A Stavenger
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Service de Santé des Armées, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Marseille, France
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39
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Prochnow H, Fetz V, Hotop SK, García-Rivera MA, Heumann A, Brönstrup M. Subcellular Quantification of Uptake in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1863-1872. [PMID: 30485749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections by Gram-negative pathogens represent a major health care issue of growing concern due to a striking lack of novel antibacterial agents over the course of the last decades. The main scientific problem behind the rational optimization of novel antibiotics is our limited understanding of small molecule translocation into, and their export from, the target compartments of Gram-negative species. To address this issue, a versatile, label-free assay to determine the intracellular localization and concentration of a given compound has been developed for Escherichia coli and its efflux-impaired ΔTolC mutant. The assay applies a fractionation procedure to antibiotic-treated bacterial cells to obtain periplasm, cytoplasm, and membrane fractions of high purity, as demonstrated by Western Blots of compartment-specific marker proteins. This is followed by an LC-MS/MS-based quantification of antibiotic content in each compartment. Antibiotic amounts could be converted to antibiotic concentrations by assuming that an E. coli cell is a cylinder flanked by two half spheres and calculating the volumes of bacterial compartments. The quantification of antibiotics from different classes, namely ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and erythromycin, demonstrated pronounced differences in uptake quantities and distribution patterns across the compartments. For example, in the case of ciprofloxacin, a higher amount of compound was located in the cytoplasm than in the periplasm (592 ± 50 pg vs 277 ± 13 pg per 3.9 × 109 cells), but owing to the smaller volume of the periplasmic compartment, its concentration in the cytoplasm was much lower (37 ± 3 vs 221 ± 10 pg/μL for the periplasm). For erythromycin and tetracycline, differences in MICs between WT and ΔTolC mutant strains were not reflected by equal differences in uptake, illustrating that additional experimental data are needed to predict antibiotic efficacy. We believe that our assay, providing the antibiotic concentration at the compartment in which the drug target is expressed, constitutes an essential piece of information for a more rational optimization of novel antibiotics against Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Prochnow
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstraße 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Verena Fetz
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstraße 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany.,School of Engineering and Science , Jacobs University Bremen , 28759 Bremen , Germany
| | - Sven-Kevin Hotop
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstraße 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Mariel A García-Rivera
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstraße 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Axel Heumann
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstraße 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstraße 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , Inhoffenstraße 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
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40
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Terrasse R, Winterhalter M. Translocation of small molecules through engineered outer-membrane channels from Gram-negative bacteria. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2018; 41:111. [PMID: 30238205 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2018-11721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Selective permeability is a key feature of biological membranes. It is controlled by the physico-chemical properties of the lipid bilayer and by channel-forming membrane proteins. Here we focus on the permeation of small molecules across channel-forming proteins in Gram-negative bacteria called porins and present a new approach based on artificial amino acids. We introduced Hco, a fluorescent amino acid with characteristic excitation and emission wavelengths, into OmpF and measured FRET from Hco to dissolved Bocillin FL using solubilized OmpF porins. We examined four variants of OmpF and by doing so, we were able to show that small molecules, like Bocillin FL, are remaining long enough in the porin in order to undergo FRET and produce a reproducible fluorescence signal. This finding opens the way to quantify translocation in the future by the simultaneous detection of resistive pulses and differential fluorescence with FRET as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Terrasse
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, D-28719, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, D-28719, Bremen, Germany.
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41
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Masi M, Dumont E, Vergalli J, Pajovic J, Réfrégiers M, Pagès JM. Fluorescence enlightens RND pump activity and the intrabacterial concentration of antibiotics. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:432-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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42
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Spectrofluorimetric quantification of antibiotic drug concentration in bacterial cells for the characterization of translocation across bacterial membranes. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:1348-1361. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2018.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Collective antibiotic drug resistance is a global threat, especially with respect to Gram-negative bacteria. The low permeability of the bacterial outer cell wall has been identified as a challenging barrier that prevents a sufficient antibiotic effect to be attained at low doses of the antibiotic. The Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope comprises an outer membrane that delimits the periplasm from the exterior milieu. The crucial mechanisms of antibiotic entry via outer membrane includes general diffusion porins (Omps) responsible for hydrophilic antibiotics and lipid-mediated pathway for hydrophobic antibiotics. The protein and lipid arrangements of the outer membrane have had a strong impact on the understanding of bacteria and their resistance to many types of antibiotics. Thus, one of the current challenges is effective interpretation at the molecular basis of the outer membrane permeability. This review attempts to develop a state of knowledge pertinent to Omps and their effective role in solute influx. Moreover, it aims toward further understanding and exploration of prospects to improve our knowledge of physicochemical limitations that direct the translocation of antibiotics via bacterial outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Ghai
- School of Engineering and Life Sciences, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany.,Consultation Division, RSGBIOGEN, New Delhi, India
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44
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Vargiu AV, Ramaswamy VK, Malvacio I, Malloci G, Kleinekathöfer U, Ruggerone P. Water-mediated interactions enable smooth substrate transport in a bacterial efflux pump. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:836-845. [PMID: 29339082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efflux pumps of the Resistance-Nodulation-cell Division superfamily confer multi-drug resistance to Gram-negative bacteria. The most-studied polyspecific transporter belonging to this class is the inner-membrane trimeric antiporter AcrB of Escherichia coli. In previous studies, a functional rotation mechanism was proposed for its functioning, according to which the three monomers undergo concerted conformational changes facilitating the extrusion of substrates. However, the molecular determinants and the energetics of this mechanism still remain unknown, so its feasibility must be proven mechanistically. METHODS A computational protocol able to mimic the functional rotation mechanism in AcrB was developed. By using multi-bias molecular dynamics simulations we characterized the translocation of the substrate doxorubicin driven by conformational changes of the protein. In addition, we estimated for the first time the free energy profile associated to this process. RESULTS We provided a molecular view of the process in agreement with experimental data. Moreover, we showed that the conformational changes occurring in AcrB enable the formation of a layer of structured waters on the internal surface of the transport channel. This water layer, in turn, allows for a fairly constant hydration of the substrate, facilitating its diffusion over a smooth free energy profile. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a new molecular mechanism of polyspecific transport whereby water contributes by screening potentially strong substrate-protein interactions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We provided a mechanistic understanding of a fundamental process related to multi-drug transport. Our results can help rationalizing the behavior of other polyspecific transporters and designing compounds avoiding extrusion or inhibitors of efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Vittorio Vargiu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, s.p. 8, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Venkata Krishnan Ramaswamy
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, s.p. 8, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Ivana Malvacio
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, s.p. 8, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Giuliano Malloci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, s.p. 8, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Ulrich Kleinekathöfer
- Department of Physics & Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Paolo Ruggerone
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, s.p. 8, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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