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Takeuchi Y. Developmental Process of a Pronounced Laterality in the Scale-eating Cichlid Fish Perissodus microlepis in Lake Tanganyika. Zoolog Sci 2023; 40:160-167. [PMID: 37042695 DOI: 10.2108/zs220078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Lateral preference in behaviors has been widely documented in many vertebrates and invertebrates. Such preferences are strange, puzzling, and on the surface, not adaptive. However, behavioral laterality may increase an individual's fitness as well as foraging accuracy and speed. There is little experimental evidence regarding the developmental process of laterality, and unsolved questions have perplexed researchers for several decades. Related to these issues, here, I review that the scale-eating cichlid Perissodus microlepis found in Lake Tanganyika is a valuable model to address the developmental mechanism of animal laterality. The scale-eating cichlid has pronounced behavioral laterality and uses its asymmetric mouth during feeding events. Recent studies have shown that behavioral laterality in this fish depends on both genetic factors and past experience. The attack-side preference of scale eaters is an acquired trait in an early developmental stage. Juvenile fish empirically learn which side of the prey is more effective for tearing scales and gradually select the dominant side for attacking. However, the superior kinetics of body flexion during the dominant side attack has innate characteristics. Additionally, left-right differences in scale-eater mandibles also develop during ontogeny. Further progress toward understanding the comprehensive mechanisms of laterality should address the following persistent barriers: (1) the effects of phylogenetic constraints and ecological factors on the level of laterality; and (2) the neuronal and molecular mechanisms that produce left-right behavioral differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 434-7207, Japan
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Takeuchi Y, Higuchi Y, Ikeya K, Tagami M, Oda Y. Experience-dependent learning of behavioral laterality in the scale-eating cichlid Perissodus microlepis occurs during the early developmental stage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:723. [PMID: 35031653 PMCID: PMC8760303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral laterality-typically represented by human handedness-is widely observed among animals. However, how laterality is acquired during development remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the effect of behavioral experience on the acquisition of lateralized predation at different developmental stages of the scale-eating cichlid fish Perissodus microlepis. Naïve juvenile fish without previous scale-eating experience showed motivated attacks on prey goldfish and an innate attack side preference. Following short-term predation experience, naïve juveniles learned a pronounced lateralized attack using their slightly skewed mouth morphology, and improved the velocity and amplitude of body flexion to succeed in foraging scales during dominant-side attack. Naïve young fish, however, did not improve the dynamics of flexion movement, but progressively developed attack side preference and speed to approach the prey through predation experience. Thus, the cichlid learns different aspects of predation behavior at different developmental stages. In contrast, naïve adults lost the inherent laterality, and they neither developed the lateralized motions nor increased their success rate of predation, indicating that they missed appropriate learning opportunities for scale-eating skills. Therefore, we conclude that behavioral laterality of the cichlid fish requires the integration of genetic basis and behavioral experiences during early developmental stages, immediately after they start scale-eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Yuna Higuchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Koki Ikeya
- World Freshwater Aquarium Aquatotto Gifu, Kakamigahara, Japan
| | - Masataka Tagami
- World Freshwater Aquarium Aquatotto Gifu, Kakamigahara, Japan
| | - Yoichi Oda
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Berlinghieri F, Panizzon P, Penry-Williams IL, Brown C. Laterality and fish welfare - A review. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Comparative studies on brain asymmetry date back to the 19th century but then largely disappeared due to the assumption that lateralization is uniquely human. Since the reemergence of this field in the 1970s, we learned that left-right differences of brain and behavior exist throughout the animal kingdom and pay off in terms of sensory, cognitive, and motor efficiency. Ontogenetically, lateralization starts in many species with asymmetrical expression patterns of genes within the Nodal cascade that set up the scene for later complex interactions of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. These take effect during different time points of ontogeny and create asymmetries of neural networks in diverse species. As a result, depending on task demands, left- or right-hemispheric loops of feedforward or feedback projections are then activated and can temporarily dominate a neural process. In addition, asymmetries of commissural transfer can shape lateralized processes in each hemisphere. It is still unclear if interhemispheric interactions depend on an inhibition/excitation dichotomy or instead adjust the contralateral temporal neural structure to delay the other hemisphere or synchronize with it during joint action. As outlined in our review, novel animal models and approaches could be established in the last decades, and they already produced a substantial increase of knowledge. Since there is practically no realm of human perception, cognition, emotion, or action that is not affected by our lateralized neural organization, insights from these comparative studies are crucial to understand the functions and pathologies of our asymmetric brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix Ströckens
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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St John ME, Holzman R, Martin CH. Rapid adaptive evolution of scale-eating kinematics to a novel ecological niche. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb217570. [PMID: 32029459 PMCID: PMC7097200 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.217570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The origins of novel trophic specialization, in which organisms begin to exploit resources for the first time, may be explained by shifts in behavior such as foraging preferences or feeding kinematics. One way to investigate behavioral mechanisms underlying ecological novelty is by comparing prey capture kinematics among species. We investigated the contribution of kinematics to the origins of a novel ecological niche for scale-eating within a microendemic adaptive radiation of pupfishes on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We compared prey capture kinematics across three species of pupfish while they consumed shrimp and scales in the lab, and found that scale-eating pupfish exhibited peak gape sizes twice as large as in other species, but also attacked prey with a more obtuse angle between their lower jaw and suspensorium. We then investigated how this variation in feeding kinematics could explain scale-biting performance by measuring bite size (surface area removed) from standardized gelatin cubes. We found that a combination of larger peak gape and more obtuse lower jaw and suspensorium angles resulted in approximately 40% more surface area removed per strike, indicating that scale-eaters may reside on a performance optimum for scale biting. To test whether feeding performance could contribute to reproductive isolation between species, we also measured F1 hybrids and found that their kinematics and performance more closely resembled generalists, suggesting that F1 hybrids may have low fitness in the scale-eating niche. Ultimately, our results suggest that the evolution of strike kinematics in this radiation is an adaptation to the novel niche of scale eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E St John
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Roi Holzman
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Eilat 6997801, Israel
- Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 8810302, Israel
| | - Christopher H Martin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Satoh S, Awata S, Tanaka H, Jordan LA, Kakuda U, Hori M, Kohda M. Bi-parental mucus provisioning in the scale-eating cichlid Perissodus microlepis (Cichlidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough parental care is known to occur in a wide range of teleost fishes, postnatal provisioning of nutrition has been documented rarely. Here, we describe a novel example of bi-parental care in a teleost, i.e. mucus-provisioning behaviour in the scale-eating cichlid Perissodus microlepis endemic to Lake Tanganyika. Field observations revealed that young guarded by their parents frequently glanced towards the body surface of both parents. Furthermore, analyses of stomach contents of the young found the presence of ingested mucus, confirming that the young feed on the mucus secretions of their parents. The frequency of glancing behaviour increased with size of the young up to ~13 mm in standard length, but then declined with further growth. Additionally, the frequency of glancing of young towards their parents was higher when the frequency of foraging on plankton was lower. Underwater cage experiments revealed a higher rate of growth in the young kept in direct contact with their parents than in those not allowed direct contact. We conclude that glancing behaviour in young P. microlepis is a form of direct parental nourishment that confers growth benefits to the young when food abundance is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Satoh
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Awata
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Behavioural Ecology, University of Bern, Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon A Jordan
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Umi Kakuda
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masanori Kohda
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Ogushi F, Kertész J, Kaski K, Shimada T. Temporal inactivation enhances robustness in an evolving system. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181471. [PMID: 30891274 PMCID: PMC6408400 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the robustness of an evolving system that is driven by successive inclusions of new elements or constituents with m random interactions to older ones. Each constitutive element in the model stays either active or is temporarily inactivated depending upon the influence of the other active elements. If the time spent by an element in the inactivated state reaches T W , it gets extinct. The phase diagram of this dynamic model as a function of m and T W is investigated by numerical and analytical methods and as a result both growing (robust) as well as non-growing (volatile) phases are identified. It is also found that larger time limit T W enhances the system's robustness against the inclusion of new elements, mainly due to the system's increased ability to reject 'falling-together' type attacks. Our results suggest that the ability of an element to survive in an unfavourable situation for a while, either as a minority or in a dormant state, could improve the robustness of the entire system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Ogushi
- Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Center for Materials Research by Information Integration, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - János Kertész
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, 1051 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, PO Box 15500, Espoo, Finland
- The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Mathematics and Informatics Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Lateralized expression of left-right axis formation genes is shared by adult brains of lefty and righty scale-eating cichlids. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 28:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Indermaur A, Theis A, Egger B, Salzburger W. Mouth dimorphism in scale‐eating cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika advances individual fitness. Evolution 2018; 72:1962-1969. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Indermaur
- Zoological Institute University of Basel Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Anya Theis
- Zoological Institute University of Basel Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Bernd Egger
- Zoological Institute University of Basel Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute University of Basel Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
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Raffini F, Fruciano C, Meyer A. Gene(s) and individual feeding behavior: Exploring eco-evolutionary dynamics underlying left-right asymmetry in the scale-eating cichlid fish Perissodus microlepis. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:5495-5507. [PMID: 29938068 PMCID: PMC6010907 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The scale‐eating cichlid fish Perissodus microlepis is a textbook example of bilateral asymmetry due to its left or right‐bending heads and of negative frequency‐dependent selection, which is proposed to maintain this stable polymorphism. The mechanisms that underlie this asymmetry remain elusive. Several studies had initially postulated a simple genetic basis for this trait, but this explanation has been questioned, particularly by reports observing a unimodal distribution of mouth shapes. We hypothesize that this unimodal distribution might be due to a combination of genetic and phenotypically plastic components. Here, we expanded on previous work by investigating a formerly identified candidate SNP associated to mouth laterality, documenting inter‐individual variation in feeding preference using stable isotope analyses, and testing their association with mouth asymmetry. Our results suggest that this polymorphism is influenced by both a polygenic basis and inter‐individual non‐genetic variation, possibly due to feeding experience, individual specialization, and intraspecific competition. We introduce a hypothesis potentially explaining the simultaneous maintenance of left, right, asymmetric and symmetric mouth phenotypes due to the interaction between diverse eco‐evolutionary dynamics including niche construction and balancing selection. Future studies will have to further tease apart the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors and their interactions in an integrated fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Raffini
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany.,International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Carmelo Fruciano
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany.,School of Earth, Environmental & Biological Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia.,Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS) Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM PSL Université, Paris France
| | - Axel Meyer
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany.,International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany.,Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts
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12
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Raffini F, Fruciano C, Meyer A. Morphological and genetic correlates in the left–right asymmetric scale-eating cichlid fish of Lake Tanganyika. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Raffini
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse, Konstanz, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Carmelo Fruciano
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse, Konstanz, Germany
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Axel Meyer
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse, Konstanz, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Radcliffe Institute for Advance Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Takeuchi Y, Hata H, Maruyama A, Yamada T, Nishikawa T, Fukui M, Zatha R, Rusuwa B, Oda Y. Detailed movement and laterality of fin-biting behaviour with special mouth morphology in Genyochromis mento in Lake Malawi. J Exp Biol 2018; 222:jeb.191676. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.191676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several vertebrates, including fish, exhibit behavioural laterality and associated morphological asymmetry. Laterality may increase individual fitness, and foraging strength, accuracy, and speed. However, little is known about which behaviours are affected by laterality or what fish species exhibit obvious laterality. Previous research on the predatory behaviour of the scale-eating Lake Tanganyika cichlid Perissodus microlepis indicates behavioural laterality that reflects asymmetric jaw morphology. The Lake Malawi cichlid Genyochromis mento feeds on the fins of other fish, a behaviour that G. mento developed independently from the Tanganyikan Perissodini scale-eaters. We investigated stomach contents and behavioural laterality of predation in aquarium to clarify the functional roles and evolution of laterality in cichlids. We also compared the behavioural laterality and mouth asymmetry of G. mento and P. microlepis. The diet of G. mento mostly includes fin fragments, but also scales of several fish species. Most individual G. mento specimens showed significant attack bias favouring the skew mouth direction. However, there was no difference in success rate between attacks from the preferred side and those from the non-preferred side, and no lateralized kinetic elements in predation behaviour. G. mento showed weaker laterality than P. microlepis, partly because of their different feeding habits, the phylogenetic constraints from their shorter evolutionary history, and their origin from ancestor Haplochromini omnivorous/herbivorous species. Taken together, this study provides new insights into the functional roles of behavioural laterality: Predatory fish aiming for prey that show escape behaviours frequently exhibit lateralized behaviour in predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maruyama
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Yokotani 1–5, Seta-Oe, Otsu, Shiga 520–2194, Japan
| | - Takuto Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takuma Nishikawa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Yokotani 1–5, Seta-Oe, Otsu, Shiga 520–2194, Japan
| | - Makiko Fukui
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyocho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Richard Zatha
- Department of Biology, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Bosco Rusuwa
- Department of Biology, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Yoichi Oda
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
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