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Šilhavík M, Kumar P, Zafar ZA, Král R, Zemenová P, Falvey A, Jiříček P, Houdková J, Červenka J. High-Temperature Fire Resistance and Self-Extinguishing Behavior of Cellular Graphene. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19403-19411. [PMID: 36367839 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to protect materials from fire is vital to many industrial applications and life safety systems. Although various chemical treatments and protective coatings have proven effective as flame retardants, they provide only temporary prevention, as they do not change the inherent flammability of a given material. In this study, we demonstrate that a simple change of the microstructure can significantly boost the fire resistance of an atomically thin material well above its oxidation stability temperature. We show that free-standing graphene layers arranged in a three-dimensional (3D) cellular network exhibit completely different flammability and combustion rates from a graphene layer placed on a substrate. Covalently cross-linked cellular graphene aerogels can resist flames in air up to 1500 °C for a minute without degrading their structure or properties. In contrast, graphene on a substrate ignites immediately above 550 °C and burns down in a few seconds. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric studies reveal that the exceptional fire-retardant and self-extinguishing properties of cellular graphene originate from the ability to prevent carbonyl defect formation and capture nonflammable carbon dioxide gas in the pores. Our findings provide important information for understanding graphene's fire-retardant mechanism in 3D structures/assemblies, which can be used to enhance flame resistance of carbon-based materials, prevent fires, and limit fire damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Šilhavík
- Department of Thin Films and Nanostructures, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Department of Thin Films and Nanostructures, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zahid Ali Zafar
- Department of Thin Films and Nanostructures, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Král
- Department of Optical Materials, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Zemenová
- Department of Optical Materials, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Falvey
- Department of Optical Materials, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jiříček
- Department of Optical Materials, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Houdková
- Department of Optical Materials, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Červenka
- Department of Thin Films and Nanostructures, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10/112, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Yang P, Wu H, Yang F, Yang J, Wang R, Zhu Z. A Novel Self-Assembled Graphene-Based Flame Retardant: Synthesis and Flame Retardant Performance in PLA. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234216. [PMID: 34883719 PMCID: PMC8659536 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel flame retardant (PMrG) was developed by self-assembling melamine and phytic acid (PA) onto rGO, and then applying it to the improvement of the flame resistance of PLA. PMrG simultaneously decreases the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and the total heat release (THR) of the composite during combustion, and enhances the LOI value and the time to ignition (TTI), thus significantly improving the flame retardancy of the composite. The flame retardant mechanism of the PMrG is also investigated. On one hand, the dehydration of PA and the decomposition of melamine in PMrG generate non-flammable volatiles, such as H2O and NH3, which dilute the oxygen concentration around the combustion front of the composite. On the other hand, the rGO, melamine, and PA components in PMrG create a synergistic effect in promoting the formation of a compact char layer during the combustion, which plays a barrier role and effectively suppresses the release of heat and smoke. In addition, the PMrGs in PLA exert a positive effect on the crystallization of the PLA matrix, thus playing the role of nucleation agent.
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Sideri IK, Tagmatarchis N. Chemically modified carbon nanostructures and 2D nanomaterials for fabrics performing under operational tension and extreme environmental conditions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3187-3200. [PMID: 34731229 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The extensive research on carbon nanostructures and 2D nanomaterials will come to fruition once these materials steadily join everyday-life applications. Their chemical functionalization unlocks their potential as carriers of customized properties and counterparts to fabric fibers. The scope of the current review covers the chemical modification of carbon nanostructures and 2D nanomaterials for hybrid fabrics with enhanced qualities against critical operational and weather conditions, such as antibacterial, flame retardant, UV resistant, water repellent and high air and water vapor permeability activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna K Sideri
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
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Graphene Nanoplatelets Hybrid Flame Retardant Containing Ionic Liquid and Ammonium Polyphosphate for Modified Bismaleimide Resin: Excellent Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, Water Resistance and Unique Dielectric Properties. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216406. [PMID: 34771931 PMCID: PMC8585335 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the requirements of modified bismaleimide resin composites in electronic industry and high energy storage devices, flame retardancy, water resistance and dielectric properties must be improved. Hence, a highly efficient multifunctional graphene nanoplatelets hybrid flame retardant is prepared by ionic liquid graphite and ammonium polyphosphate. The preparation processes of the flame retardants are simple, low energy consumption and follow the green chemical concept of 100% utilization of raw materials, compared with chemical stripping. The bismaleimide resin containing 10 wt.% of the flame retardant show good flame retardancy, resulting in the limiting oxygen index increases to above 43%, and the peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke release decrease by 41.8%, 47.8% and 52.3%, respectively. After soaking, mass loss percentage of the modified bismaleimide resin only decreases by 0.96%, the dielectric constant of the composite increases by 39.4%, and the dielectric loss decreases with the increase of frequency. The hybrid flame retardants show multifunctional effect in the modified bismaleimide resin, due to the physical barrier, the chemical char-formation, hydrophobicity and strong conductivity attributed to co-work of Graphene nanoplatelets, ammonium polyphosphate and ionic liquid.
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Xiao S, Iroh JO. Novel Polyimide-block-poly(dimethyl siloxane) copolymers: Effect of time on the synthesis and thermal properties. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyimide-block-poly(dimethyl siloxane) copolymer was synthesized by a two-step process, initiated by coupling anhydride terminated poly(amic acid), AT-PAA with amino terminated poly(dimethyl siloxane), (NH2)2-PDMS to form poly(amic acid)-block-poly(dimethyl siloxane). The resulting copolymer is then thermally treated to produce polyimide-block-poly(dimethyl siloxane), PI-PDMS. Because of the high glass transition temperature, Tg of polyimide, it is usually cured at a high temperature of about 300°C for over 2.5 h. Copolymerization of polyimide with polysiloxane, reduces the imidization temperature while maintaining high thermomechanical properties. A series of instruments were used to monitor the progress of copolymerization. The time-based analysis of the product of copolymerization enables the optimization of the structure and properties of the copolymers. The chemical structure and composition of the copolymer were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, (FT-IR). The incorporation of PDMS blocks into the copolymer and the degree of imidization of the polyimide block increased with increasing reaction time. The change in the viscosity of the copolymerizing solution was monitored by simple shear viscometry conducted with the Brookfield Viscometer. The reported increase in solution viscosity with increasing copolymerization time is associated with increasing molecular weight of the copolymer. The intrinsic viscosity of the copolymer solution was measured as a function of copolymerization time and it was found that the intrinsic viscosity of the copolymer solution increased with increasing reaction time. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the thermal stability of the copolymer were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, DSC and thermogravimetric analysis, and TGA, respectively. Between 25°C and 420°C, the copolymers synthesized in this study show two glass transition temperatures due to the polyimide, PI block at around 380°C and another peak associated with PDMS plasticized polyimide at about 290–300°C. The two Tg peaks observed in the DSC thermogram are believed to be indicative of the structure of a block copolymer. TGA analysis shows that the thermoxidative stability of the copolymers increased with increasing reaction time, due to the incorporation of increased amount of PDMS unit into the copolymer. The combination of increasing molecular weight of copolymer, higher degree of imidization of polyimide blocks and enhanced thermoxidative stability may translate into improved flame retardancy of copolymers. This suggested enhancement in flame retardancy in air atmosphere, is believed to be due the incorporated PDMS blocks, which can be converted into silica, SiO2, a recognized thermally stable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Xiao
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jude O Iroh
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Yang Y, Díaz Palencia JL, Wang N, Jiang Y, Wang DY. Nanocarbon-Based Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites. Molecules 2021; 26:4670. [PMID: 34361823 PMCID: PMC8348979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanocarbon materials have attracted the interest of researchers due to their excellent properties. Nanocarbon-based flame retardant polymer composites have enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties compared with traditional flame retardant composites. In this article, the unique structural features of nanocarbon-based materials and their use in flame retardant polymeric materials are initially introduced. Afterwards, the flame retardant mechanism of nanocarbon materials is described. The main discussions include material components such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerene (in preparing resins), elastomers, plastics, foams, fabrics, and film-matrix materials. Furthermore, the flame retardant properties of carbon nanomaterials and their modified products are summarized. Carbon nanomaterials not only play the role of a flame retardant in composites, but also play an important role in many aspects such as mechanical reinforcement. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for future development of carbon nanomaterials in flame-retardant polymeric materials are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - José Luis Díaz Palencia
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Na Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
- Shenyang Research Institute of Industrial Technology for Advanced Coating Materials, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - De-Yi Wang
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1800, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
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Application of r-GO-MMT Hybrid Nanofillers for Improving Strength and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy/Glass Fibre Composites. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials as a strengthening agent in the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites has gained significant attention due to distinctive properties which can be utilised in structural applications. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay were used as filler materials to fabricate hybrid epoxy-based nanocomposites. The synergistic effect of nanomaterials on flammability and mechanical behaviour of nanocomposites were studied. Results revealed that the addition of nanofiller showcases 97% and 44.5% improvement in tensile and flexural strength. However, an increment in the percentage of filler material over 0.3% exhibits a decremental mechanical property trend. Likewise, the addition of nanofiller increases the nonignition timing of the glass-fibre-reinforced epoxy composites. Fracture surface morphology displays the occurrence of the ductile fracture mechanism owing to the presence of hybrid fillers.
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The properties of flame retardant and heat conduction polyamide 66 based on melamine cyanurate/aluminum diethylphosphinate/graphene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Preparation of Graphene Nanoplatelets by Thermal Shock Combined with Ball Milling Methods for Fabricating Flame-Retardant Polymers. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/5284160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene nanoplatelets were successfully prepared from graphite powder by simple and scalable thermal shock combined with ball milling methods. The formation of the graphene nanoplatelets were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopes and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller methods with the much smaller number of layers and the considerable increase of specific surface area in comparison to the initial expanded graphite material. The other characterizations such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction methods of graphene nanoplatelets showed unchanged structure. These graphene nanoplatelets were combined with aluminum trihydroxide and zinc borate to prepare flame-retardant polycarbonate plastic and chlorine-sulfonated polyethylene rubber. The prepared composites showed the improvement of flame resistance properties with V0 level according to the UL-94 test method, and the limiting oxygen index value was higher than 27.
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10
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Ammonium polyphosphate modified with β-cyclodextrin crosslinking rigid polyurethane foam: Enhancing thermal stability and suppressing flame spread. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Li M, Zhang H, Wu W, Li M, Xu Y, Chen G, Dai L. A Novel POSS-Based Copolymer Functionalized Graphene: An Effective Flame Retardant for Reducing the Flammability of Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020241. [PMID: 30960225 PMCID: PMC6419056 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel copolymer, PbisDOPOMA-POSSMA-GMA (PDPG), containing methacryloisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSSMA), reactive glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and bis-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide methacrylate (bisDOPOMA) and derivative functionalized graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized by a one-step grafting reaction to create a hybrid flame retardant (GO-MD-MP). GO-MD-MP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Flame-retardant epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared by adding various amounts of GO-MD-MP to the thermal-curing epoxy resin of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA, trade name E-51). The thermal properties of the EP composites were remarkably enhanced by adding the GO-MD-MP, and the residue char of the epoxy resin also increased greatly. With the incorporation of 4 wt % GO-MD-MP, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was enhanced to 31.1% and the UL-94 V-0 rating was easily achieved. In addition, the mechanical strength of the epoxy resin was also improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Wenqian Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Yiting Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Guorong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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Wang C, Wang Y, Han Z. Enhanced flame retardancy of polyethylene/magnesium hydroxide with polycarbosilane. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14494. [PMID: 30262805 PMCID: PMC6160472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycarbosilane (PCS) was used for surface modification of magnesium hydroxide (MNH) to enhance the flame retardant effectiveness by forming cohesive binding between MgO particles with ceramic adhesive. Chemical interaction and ceramic reaction were revealed between PCS and MNH, which made for a compact, thermal stable and ceramic-like barrier during the combustion of polyethylene (PE). The flame retardancy of PE/MNH/PCS composites was greatly enhanced and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 35.0 was achieved at the PCS/MNH ratio of 4/26 in the composite with 30 wt.% PCS modified MNH. Such results were superior in terms of high LOI value at low global content of MNH. Thanks to the better shielding effect of the integrated and self-supporting ceramic char, the peak heat release rate (p-HRR) and the total heat release (THR) of PE/MNH/PCS composites with 50 wt.% PCS modified MNH were remarkably decreased by 36% and 25% in comparison with PE/MNH with 50 wt.% MNH, respectively. The ceramic reaction between PCS and MNH, the superior thermal stability due to crosslinked PCS and the good barrier function of cohesive ceramic layer play important roles in the effective flame retardant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Zhidong Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, 150040, Harbin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, 150080, Harbin, China.
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13
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Liu Z, Li Z, Zhao X, Zhang L, Li Q. Highly Efficient Flame Retardant Hybrid Composites Based on Calcium Alginate/Nano-Calcium Borate. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E625. [PMID: 30966659 PMCID: PMC6403745 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid composites with low flammability based on renewable calcium alginate and nano-calcium borate were fabricated using an in situ method through a simple, eco-friendly vacuum drying process. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The combustion behavior and flammability of the composites were assessed by using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry (CONE) tests. The composites showed excellent thermal stability and achieved nonflammability with an LOI higher than 60. Pyrolysis was investigated using pyrolysis⁻gas chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and the results showed that fewer sorts of cracking products were produced from the hybrid composites compared with the calcium alginate. A possible thermal degradation mechanism of composites was proposed based on the experimental data. The combined results indicate that the calcium borate had a nano-effect, accumulating more freely in the hybrid composites and contributing significantly to both the solid phase and gas phase, resulting in an efficient improvement in the flame retardancy of the composites. Our study provides a novel material with promising potentiality for flame retardant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zichao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;.
| | - Xihui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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14
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Chen W, Liu P, Min L, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, Duan W. Non-covalently Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Based Coating to Enhance Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of PVA Film. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:39. [PMID: 30393688 PMCID: PMC6199081 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-018-0190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of conventional flame-retardant elements and graphene has received extensive attention in the development of a new class of flame retardants. Compared to covalent modification, the non-covalent strategy is simpler and expeditious and entirely preserves the original quality of graphene. Thus, non-covalently functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) with a phosphorus-nitrogen compound was successfully prepared via a one-pot process in this study. Polyethyleneimine and FGO were alternatively deposited on the surface of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film via layer-by-layer assembly driven by electrostatic interaction, imparting excellent flame retardancy to the coated PVA film. The multilayer FGO-based coating formed a protective shield encapsulating the PVA matrix, effectively blocking the transfer of heat and mass during combustion. The coated PVA has a higher initial decomposition temperature of about 260 °C and a nearly 60% reduction in total heat release than neat PVA does. Our results may have a promising prospect for flame-retardant polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Min
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials, Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 101300, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yuan G, Yang B, Chen Y, Jia Y. Preparation of novel phosphorus-nitrogen-silicone grafted graphene oxide and its synergistic effect on intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene composites. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36286-36297. [PMID: 35558501 PMCID: PMC9088261 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07418f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of PMGO and IFR significantly improves the flame retardancy and surface hydrophobicity of PP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
- College of Science
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yinggang Jia
- College of Science
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
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