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Park SH, Kang JH, Bae YS. The role and regulation of phospholipase D in metabolic disorders. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:100988. [PMID: 37845091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine into phosphatidic acid and free choline. In mammals, PLD exists in two well-characterized isoforms, PLD1 and PLD2, and it plays pivotal roles as signaling mediators in various cellular functions, such as cell survival, differentiation, and migration. These isoforms are predominantly expressed in diverse cell types, including many immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, as well as non-immune cells, such as epithelial and endothelial cells. Several previous studies have revealed that the stimulation of these cells leads to an increase in PLD expression and its enzymatic products, potentially influencing the pathological responses in a wide spectrum of diseases. Metabolic diseases, exemplified by conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, pose significant global health challenges. Abnormal activation or dysfunction of PLD emerges as a potential contributing factor to the pathogenesis and progression of these metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate and understand the intricate relationship between PLD and metabolic diseases. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of PLD involved in metabolic diseases. By delving into the intricate interplay between PLD and metabolic disorders, this review aims to offer insights into the potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hyang Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Armignacco R, Reel PS, Reel S, Jouinot A, Septier A, Gaspar C, Perlemoine K, Larsen CK, Bouys L, Braun L, Riester A, Kroiss M, Bonnet-Serrano F, Amar L, Blanchard A, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Prejbisz A, Januszewicz A, Dobrowolski P, Davies E, MacKenzie SM, Rossi GP, Lenzini L, Ceccato F, Scaroni C, Mulatero P, Williams TA, Pecori A, Monticone S, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Zennaro MC, Bertherat J, Jefferson E, Assié G. Whole blood methylome-derived features to discriminate endocrine hypertension. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:142. [PMCID: PMC9635165 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial hypertension represents a worldwide health burden and a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension can be primary (primary hypertension, PHT), or secondary to endocrine disorders (endocrine hypertension, EHT), such as Cushing's syndrome (CS), primary aldosteronism (PA), and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). Diagnosis of EHT is currently based on hormone assays. Efficient detection remains challenging, but is crucial to properly orientate patients for diagnostic confirmation and specific treatment. More accurate biomarkers would help in the diagnostic pathway. We hypothesized that each type of endocrine hypertension could be associated with a specific blood DNA methylation signature, which could be used for disease discrimination. To identify such markers, we aimed at exploring the methylome profiles in a cohort of 255 patients with hypertension, either PHT (n = 42) or EHT (n = 213), and at identifying specific discriminating signatures using machine learning approaches. Results Unsupervised classification of samples showed discrimination of PHT from EHT. CS patients clustered separately from all other patients, whereas PA and PPGL showed an overall overlap. Global methylation was decreased in the CS group compared to PHT. Supervised comparison with PHT identified differentially methylated CpG sites for each type of endocrine hypertension, showing a diffuse genomic location. Among the most differentially methylated genes, FKBP5 was identified in the CS group. Using four different machine learning methods—Lasso (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator), Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine—predictive models for each type of endocrine hypertension were built on training cohorts (80% of samples for each hypertension type) and estimated on validation cohorts (20% of samples for each hypertension type). Balanced accuracies ranged from 0.55 to 0.74 for predicting EHT, 0.85 to 0.95 for predicting CS, 0.66 to 0.88 for predicting PA, and 0.70 to 0.83 for predicting PPGL. Conclusions The blood DNA methylome can discriminate endocrine hypertension, with methylation signatures for each type of endocrine disorder. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01347-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Armignacco
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Parminder S. Reel
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF UK
| | - Smarti Reel
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF UK
| | - Anne Jouinot
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.440907.e0000 0004 1784 3645Institut Curie, INSERM U900, MINES ParisTech, PSL-Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Septier
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Cassandra Gaspar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS Production et Analyse de données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, P3S, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Karine Perlemoine
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Casper K. Larsen
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucas Bouys
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Leah Braun
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Riester
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.411784.f0000 0001 0274 3893Service d’Hormonologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Amar
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France ,grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Unité Hypertension Artérielle, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Blanchard
- grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Centre d’Investigations Cliniques 9201, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France ,grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Département de Médecine Génomique des Tumeurs et des Cancers, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Aleksander Prejbisz
- grid.418887.aDepartment of Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Januszewicz
- grid.418887.aDepartment of Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- grid.418887.aDepartment of Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eleanor Davies
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA UK
| | - Scott M. MacKenzie
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA UK
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Emergency and Hypertension Unit, University of Padova, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Livia Lenzini
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Emergency and Hypertension Unit, University of Padova, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Ceccato
- grid.411474.30000 0004 1760 2630UOC Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina DIMED, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Scaroni
- grid.411474.30000 0004 1760 2630UOC Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina DIMED, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Tracy A. Williams
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Pecori
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Monticone
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Klinikfür Endokrinologie, Diabetologie Und Klinische Ernährung, UniversitätsSpital Zürich (USZ) and Universität Zürich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Reincke
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria-Christina Zennaro
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France ,grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Service de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.411784.f0000 0001 0274 3893Service d’Endocrinologie, Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Emily Jefferson
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF UK ,grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ UK
| | - Guillaume Assié
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.411784.f0000 0001 0274 3893Service d’Endocrinologie, Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
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Interaction of Alcohol & Phosphatidic Acid in Maternal Rat Uterine Artery Function. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 111:178-183. [PMID: 35671880 PMCID: PMC9670159 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol has been demonstrated to impair maternal uterine arterial adaptations in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) animal models. However, the exact mechanism remains inconclusive. We hypothesized that phosphatidic acid (PA), a direct target of alcohol metabolism, would alleviate alcohol-induced vascular dysfunction of the maternal uterine artery. Mean fetal weight, and crown-rump length of the alcohol administered rats were ~9% and 7.6% lower than the pair-fed control pups, respectively. Acetylcholine (Ach)-induced uterine artery relaxation was significantly impaired in uterine arteries of alcohol-administered rats (P<0.05). Supplementation of 10-5M PA reversed alcohol-induced vasodilatory deficit; no difference was detected after PA treatment between pair-fed control and alcohol groups (P=0.37). There was a significant interaction between PA concentrations and alcohol exposure (PA X Alcohol effect, P<0.0001). Pair-wise comparisons showed a concentration-dependent vasodilatory effect on uterine arteries of the alcohol-administered rats, with % relaxation significantly improved at PA concentrations > 10-7 M (P<0.05). Alcohol significantly reduced vasodilatory P-Ser1177 endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels in the uterine artery (↓90.7%; P=0.0029). PA treatment significantly reversed P-Ser1177 eNOS level in alcohol uterine arteries (153.7%↑; P=0.005); following ex vivo PA, there was no difference in P-Ser1177 eNOS levels between Control and Alcohol. Neither alcohol treatment nor PA affected total eNOS levels. Our data provide the first evidence of the interaction of alcohol and PA in rat maternal uterine artery vascular function and demonstrates PA's relationship with the eNOS system. Overall, the current study demonstrates that PA may be a promising therapeutic molecule of interest in alcohol-related gestational vascular dysfunction.
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Cosarderelioglu C, Nidadavolu LS, George CJ, Marx-Rattner R, Powell L, Xue QL, Tian J, Salib J, Oh ES, Ferrucci L, Dincer P, Bennett DA, Walston JD, Abadir PM. Higher Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Levels and Activity in the Postmortem Brains of Older Persons with Alzheimer's Dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:664-672. [PMID: 34914835 PMCID: PMC8974324 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a key risk factor in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) development and progression. The primary dementia-protective benefits of angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers are believed to arise from systemic effects on blood pressure. However, a brain-specific renin-angiotensin system (b-RAS) exists, which can be altered by AT1R blockers. Brain RAS acts mainly through 3 angiotensin receptors: AT1R, AT2R, and AT4R. Changes in these brain angiotensin receptors may accelerate the progression of AD. Using postmortem frontal cortex brain samples of age- and sex-matched cognitively normal individuals (n = 30) and AD patients (n = 30), we sought to dissect the b-RAS changes associated with AD and assess how these changes correlate with brain markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as amyloid-β and paired helical filament tau pathologies. Our results show higher protein levels of the pro-inflammatory AT1R and phospho-ERK (pERK) in the brains of AD participants. Brain AT1R levels and pERK correlated with higher oxidative stress, lower cognitive performance, and higher tangle and amyloid-β scores. This study identifies molecular changes in b-RAS and offers insight into the role of b-RAS in AD-related brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Cosarderelioglu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lolita S Nidadavolu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudene J George
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ruth Marx-Rattner
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura Powell
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qian-Li Xue
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins University Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joy Salib
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Esther S Oh
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pervin Dincer
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter M Abadir
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Fernández-Medarde A, Santos E. Ras GEF Mouse Models for the Analysis of Ras Biology and Signaling. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2262:361-395. [PMID: 33977490 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1190-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have become in recent years a crucial tool to understand the physiological and pathological roles of many cellular proteins. They allow analysis of the functional consequences of [1] complete or partial (time- or organ-limited) removal of specific proteins (knockout animals), [2] the exchange of a wild-type allele for a mutant or truncated version found in human illnesses (knock-in), or [3] the effect of overexpression of a given protein in the whole body or in specific organs (transgenic mice). In this regard, the study of phenotypes in Ras GEF animal models has allowed researchers to find specific functions for otherwise very similar proteins, uncovering their role in physiological contexts such as memory formation, lymphopoiesis, photoreception, or body homeostasis. In addition, mouse models have been used to unveil the functional role of Ras GEFs under pathological conditions, including Noonan syndrome, skin tumorigenesis, inflammatory diseases, diabetes, or ischemia among others. In the following sections, we will describe the methodological approaches employed for Ras GEF animal model analyses, as well as the main discoveries made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
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Structural insights into phospholipase D function. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101070. [PMID: 33181180 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) and its metabolic active product phosphatidic acid (PA) engage in a wide range of physiopathologic processes in the cell. PLDs have been considered as a potential and promising drug target. Recently, the crystal structures of PLDs in mammalian and plant have been solved at atomic resolution. These achievements allow us to understand the structural differences among different species of PLDs and the functions of their key domains. In this review, we summarize the sequence and structure of different species of PLD isoforms, and discuss the structural mechanisms for PLD interactions with their binding partners and the functions of each key domain in the regulation of PLDs activation and catalytic reaction.
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Barisano D, Frohman MA. Roles for Phospholipase D1 in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1259:77-87. [PMID: 32578172 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43093-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The lipid-modifying signal transduction enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) has been proposed to have roles in oncogenic processes for well-on 30 years, with most of the early literature focused on potential functions for PLD in the biology of the tumor cells themselves. While such roles remain under investigation, evidence has also now been generated to support additional roles for PLD, in particular PLD1, in the tumor microenvironment, including effects on neoangiogenesis, the supply of nutrients, interactions of platelets with circulating cancer cells, the response of the immune system, and exosome biology. Here, we review these lines of investigation, accompanied by a discussion of the limitations of the existing studies and some cautionary notes regarding the study and interpretation of PLD function using model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barisano
- Center for Developmental Genetics and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Center for Developmental Genetics and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Klose AM, Klier M, Gorressen S, Elvers M. Enhanced Integrin Activation of PLD2-Deficient Platelets Accelerates Inflammation after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093210. [PMID: 32370031 PMCID: PMC7247352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phospholipase (PL)D1 is crucial for integrin αIIbβ3 activation of platelets in arterial thrombosis and TNF-α-mediated inflammation and TGF-β-mediated collagen scar formation after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Enzymatic activity of PLD is not responsible for PLD-mediated TNF-α signaling and myocardial healing. The impact of PLD2 in ischemia reperfusion injury is unknown. Methods: PLD2-deficient mice underwent myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Results: Enhanced integrin αIIbβ3 activation of platelets resulted in elevated interleukin (IL)-6 release from endothelial cells in vitro and enhanced IL-6 plasma levels after MI in PLD2-deficient mice. This was accompanied by enhanced migration of inflammatory cells into the infarct border zone and reduced TGF-β plasma levels after 72 h that might account for enhanced inflammation in PLD2-deficient mice. In contrast to PLD1, TNF-α signaling, infarct size and cardiac function 24 h after I/R were not altered when PLD2 was deleted. Furthermore, TGF-β plasma levels, scar formation and heart function were comparable between PLD2-deficient and control mice 21 days post MI. Conclusions: The present study contributes to our understanding about the role of PLD isoforms and altered platelet signaling in the process of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Maria Klose
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Meike Klier
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Simone Gorressen
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.M.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Functions for phospholipase D1 and D2 (PLD1 and PLD2), the canonical isoforms of the PLD superfamily in mammals, have been explored using cell biological and animal disease models for two decades. PLD1 and PLD2, which are activated as a consequence of extracellular signaling events and generate the second messenger signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA), have been reported to play roles in settings ranging from platelet activation to the response to cardiac ischemia, viral infection, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Of these, the most tractable as therapeutic targets may be thrombotic disease and cancer, as will be discussed here in the context of ongoing efforts to develop small molecule PLD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Salazar
- Center for Developmental Genetics and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Center for Developmental Genetics and the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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McDermott MI, Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA. Mammalian phospholipase D: Function, and therapeutics. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 78:101018. [PMID: 31830503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being discovered over 60 years ago, the precise role of phospholipase D (PLD) is still being elucidated. PLD enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids producing phosphatidic acid and the free headgroup. PLD family members are found in organisms ranging from viruses, and bacteria to plants, and mammals. They display a range of substrate specificities, are regulated by a diverse range of molecules, and have been implicated in a broad range of cellular processes including receptor signaling, cytoskeletal regulation and membrane trafficking. Recent technological advances including: the development of PLD knockout mice, isoform-specific antibodies, and specific inhibitors are finally permitting a thorough analysis of the in vivo role of mammalian PLDs. These studies are facilitating increased recognition of PLD's role in disease states including cancers and Alzheimer's disease, offering potential as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I McDermott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America.
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States of America
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Ramenskaia GV, Melnik EV, Petukhov AE. [Phospholipase D: its role in metabolism processes and disease development]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 64:84-93. [PMID: 29460838 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186401084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is one of the key enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipids. In this review current knowledge about six human PLD isoforms, their structure and role in physiological and pathological processes is summarized. Comparative analysis of PLD isoforms structure is presented. The mechanism of the hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation performed by PLD is described. The PLD1 and PLD2 role in the pathogenesis of some cancer, infectious, thrombotic and neurodegenerative diseases is analyzed. The prospects of PLD isoform-selective inhibitors development are shown in the context of the clinical usage and the already-existing inhibitors are characterized. Moreover, the formation of phosphatidylethanol (PEth), the alcohol abuse biomarker, as the result of PLD-catalyzed phospholipid transphosphatidylation is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Ramenskaia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Melnik
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Petukhov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), Moscow, Russia; Moscow Research and Practical Centre for Narcology, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Phospholipase D and the Mitogen Phosphatidic Acid in Human Disease: Inhibitors of PLD at the Crossroads of Phospholipid Biology and Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 259:89-113. [PMID: 31541319 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are key building blocks of biological membranes and are involved in complex signaling processes such as metabolism, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Extracellular signaling by growth factors, stress, and nutrients is transmitted through receptors that activate lipid-modifying enzymes such as the phospholipases, sphingosine kinase, or phosphoinositide 3-kinase, which then modify phospholipids, sphingolipids, and phosphoinositides. One such important enzyme is phospholipase D (PLD), which cleaves phosphatidylcholine to yield phosphatidic acid and choline. PLD isoforms have dual role in cells. The first involves maintaining cell membrane integrity and cell signaling, including cell proliferation, migration, cytoskeletal alterations, and invasion through the PLD product PA, and the second involves protein-protein interactions with a variety of binding partners. Increased evidence of elevated PLD expression and activity linked to many pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological and inflammatory diseases, and infection, has motivated the development of dual- and isoform-specific PLD inhibitors. Many of these inhibitors are reported to be efficacious and safe in cells and mouse disease models, suggesting the potential for PLD inhibitors as therapeutics for cancer and other diseases. Current knowledge and ongoing research of PLD signaling networks will help to evolve inhibitors with increased efficacy and safety for clinical studies.
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13
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Waterson AG, Scott SA, Kett NR, Blobaum AL, Alex Brown H, Lindsley CW. Isoform selective PLD inhibition by novel, chiral 2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3670-3673. [PMID: 30528979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This letter describes the on-going SAR efforts to develop PLD1, PLD2 and dual PLD1/2 inhibitors with improved physiochemical and disposition properties as well as securing intellectual property position. Previous PLD inhibitors, based on a triazaspiro[4.5]decanone core proved to be highly selective PLD2 inhibitors, but with low plasma free fraction (rat, human fu < 0.03), high predicted hepatic clearance (rat CLhep > 65 mL/min/kg) and very short half-lives in vivo (t1/2 < 0.15 h). Removal of a nitrogen atom from this core generated a 2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decanone core, harboring a new chiral center, as well as increased sp3 character. This new core demonstrated enantioselective inhibition of the individual PLD isoforms, enhanced free fraction (rat, human fu < 0.13), engendered moderate predicted hepatic clearance (rat CLhep ∼ 43 mL/min/kg), improved half-lives in vivo (t1/2 > 3 h), and led to the first issued US patent claiming composition of matter for small molecule PLD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Waterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University/Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sarah A Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nathan R Kett
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University/Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University/Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Bravo FV, Da Silva J, Chan RB, Di Paolo G, Teixeira-Castro A, Oliveira TG. Phospholipase D functional ablation has a protective effect in an Alzheimer's disease Caenorhabditis elegans model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3540. [PMID: 29476137 PMCID: PMC5824944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is a key player in the modulation of multiple aspects of cell physiology and has been proposed as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we characterize a PLD mutant, pld-1, using the Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. We show that pld-1 animals present decreased phosphatidic acid levels, that PLD is the only source of total PLD activity and that pld-1 animals are more sensitive to the acute effects of ethanol. We further show that PLD is not essential for survival or for the normal performance in a battery of behavioral tests. Interestingly, pld-1 animals present both increased size and lipid stores levels. While ablation of PLD has no important effect in worm behavior, its ablation in an AD-like model that overexpresses amyloid-beta (Aβ), markedly improves various phenotypes such as motor tasks, prevents susceptibility to a proconvulsivant drug, has a protective effect upon serotonin treatment and reverts the biometric changes in the Aβ animals, leading to the normalization of the worm body size. Overall, this work proposes the C. elegans model as a relevant tool to study the functions of PLD and further supports the notion that PLD has a significant role in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Vaz Bravo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Da Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Robin Barry Chan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Andreia Teixeira-Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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