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Lai A, Hawke A, Mohammed M, Thurgood P, Concilia G, Peter K, Khoshmanesh K, Baratchi S. A microfluidic model to study the effects of arrhythmic flows on endothelial cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2347-2357. [PMID: 38576401 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia and an important contributor to morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction has been postulated to be an important contributing factor in cardiovascular events in patients with AF. However, how vascular endothelial cells respond to arrhythmic flow is not fully understood, mainly due to the limitation of current in vitro systems to mimic arrhythmic flow conditions. To address this limitation, we developed a microfluidic system to study the effect of arrhythmic flow on the mechanobiology of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The system utilises a computer-controlled piezoelectric pump for generating arrhythmic flow with a unique ability to control the variability in both the frequency and amplitude of pulse waves. The flow rate is modulated to reflect physiological or pathophysiological shear stress levels on endothelial cells. This enabled us to systematically dissect the importance of variability in the frequency and amplitude of pulses and shear stress level on endothelial cell mechanobiology. Our results indicated that arrhythmic flow at physiological shear stress level promotes endothelial cell spreading and reduces the plasma membrane-to-cytoplasmic distribution of β-catenin. In contrast, arrhythmic flow at low and atherogenic shear stress levels does not promote endothelial cell spreading or redistribution of β-catenin. Interestingly, under both shear stress levels, arrhythmic flow induces inflammation by promoting monocyte adhesion via an increase in ICAM-1 expression. Collectively, our microfluidic system provides opportunities to study the effect of arrhythmic flows on vascular endothelial mechanobiology in a systematic and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Lai
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Adam Hawke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mokhaled Mohammed
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peter Thurgood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Ye T, Song Z, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Yu Y, Yu F, Chu Y, Shi J, Wang L, Zhang C, Liu X, Yang B, Yang J, Wang X. TRPV2 inhibitor tranilast prevents atrial fibrillation in rat models of pulmonary hypertension. Cell Calcium 2024; 117:102840. [PMID: 38160478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in pulmonary hypertension (PH), whereas the mechanisms and treatments remain to be explored. TRPV2 regulates the structure and function of the cardiovascular system; however, little attention has been given to its role in AF. This study was to determine whether TRPV2 was involved in PH-induced AF and the effects of TRPV2 inhibitor tranilast on AF in rat models of PH. Monocrotaline (MCT) and SU5416/hypoxia (SuHx)-induced PH models were performed to detect atrial electrophysiological parameters. Daily tranilast (a TRPV2 inhibitor) or saline was given starting 1 day before PH establishment. PH increased the susceptibility to AF, with TRPV2 up-regulated in the right atria. Compared to PH rats, tranilast reduced AF inducibility and the prolongations of ERP and APD; mitigated cardiopulmonary remodeling and the increases in P-wave duration and P-R interval; partially reversed the down-regulation of ion channels such as Cav1.2, Nav1.5, Kv4.3, Kv4.2, Kv1.5, Kir2.1, Kir3.1, Kir3.4 as well as connexin (Cx) 40 and Cx43; improved right atrial (RA) fibrosis, enlargement, and myocardial hypertrophy; decreased the accumulation of inflammatory cells; down-regulated inflammatory indicators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CXCL2; and inhibited the activation of the PI3K-AKT-NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results reveal that TRPV2 participates in PH-induced AF, and TRPV2 inhibitor tranilast prevents PH-induced RA remodeling. TRPV2 might be a promising target for PH-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhuonan Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhangchi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fangcong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanan Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaran Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Longbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jinxiu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xingxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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3
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Khan SU, Khan SU, Suleman M, Khan MU, Alsuhaibani AM, Refat MS, Hussain T, Ud Din MA, Saeed S. The Multifunctional TRPC6 Protein: Significance in the Field of Cardiovascular Studies. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102112. [PMID: 37774899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, medical complications, and healthcare costs. Although recent advances have been in treating cardiovascular disorders linked with a reduced ejection fraction, acutely decompensate cardiac failure remains a significant medical problem. The transient receptor potential cation channel (TRPC6) family responds to neurohormonal and mechanical stress, playing critical roles in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, TRP C6 channels have great promise as therapeutic targets. Numerous studies have investigated the roles of TRP C6 channels in pain neurons, highlighting their significance in cardiovascular research. The TRPC6 protein exhibits a broad distribution in various organs and tissues, including the brain, nerves, heart, blood vessels, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and other bodily structures. Its activation can be triggered by alterations in osmotic pressure, mechanical stimulation, and diacylglycerol. Consequently, TRPC6 plays a significant role in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diverse diseases within living organisms. A recent study has indicated a strong correlation between the disorder known as TRPC6 and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, investigations into the association between TRPC6 and cardiovascular diseases have gained significant attention in the scientific community. This review explores the most recent developments in the recognition and characterization of TRPC6. Additionally, it considers the field's prospects while examining how TRPC6 might be altered and its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Women Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar Ud Din
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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Chen Z, Cheng Z, Ding C, Cao T, Chen L, Wang H, Li J, Huang X. ROS-Activated TRPM2 Channel: Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiovascular/renal System and Speculation in Cardiorenal Syndrome. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07531-3. [PMID: 38108918 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel is a nonselective calcium channel that is sensitive to oxidative stress (OS), and is widely expressed in multiple organs, such as the heart, kidney, and brain, which is inextricably related to calcium dyshomeostasis and downstream pathological events. Due to the increasing global burden of kidney or cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), safe and efficient drugs specific to novel targets are imperatively needed. Notably, investigation of the possibility to regard the TRPM2 channel as a new therapeutic target in ROS-related CVDs or renal diseases is urgently required because the roles of the TRPM2 channel in heart or kidney diseases have not received enough attention and thus have not been fully elaborated. Therefore, we aimed to review the involvement of the TRPM2 channel in cardiovascular disorders related to kidney or typical renal diseases and attempted to speculate about TRPM2-mediated mechanisms of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) to provide representative perspectives for future research about novel and effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zaihua Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Congcong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Biological anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junpei Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Liu Q, Li S, Qiu Y, Zhang J, Rios FJ, Zou Z, Touyz RM. Cardiovascular toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors during cancer treatment: Potential involvement of TRPM7. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1002438. [PMID: 36818331 PMCID: PMC9936099 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1002438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a class of membrane spanning cell-surface receptors that transmit extracellular signals through the membrane to trigger diverse intracellular signaling through tyrosine kinases (TKs), and play important role in cancer development. Therapeutic approaches targeting RTKs such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and TKs, such as c-Src, ABL, JAK, are widely used to treat human cancers. Despite favorable benefits in cancer treatment that prolong survival, these tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies targeting RTKs are also accompanied by adverse effects, including cardiovascular toxicity. Mechanisms underlying TKI-induced cardiovascular toxicity remain unclear. The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously expressed chanzyme consisting of a membrane-based ion channel and intracellular α-kinase. TRPM7 is a cation channel that regulates transmembrane Mg2+ and Ca2+ and is involved in a variety of (patho)physiological processes in the cardiovascular system, contributing to hypertension, cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and atrial arrhythmias. Of importance, we and others demonstrated significant cross-talk between TRPM7, RTKs, and TK signaling in different cell types including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which might be a link between TKIs and their cardiovascular effects. In this review, we summarize the implications of RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) and TKIs in cardiovascular toxicities during anti-cancer treatment, with a focus on the potential role of TRPM7/Mg2+ as a mediator of RTKI/TKI-induced cardiovascular toxicity. We also describe the important role of TRPM7 in cancer development and cardiovascular diseases, and the interaction between TRPM7 and RTKs, providing insights for possible mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease in cancer patients treated with RTKI/TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suyao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuran Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Francisco J. Rios
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhiguo Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Zhiguo Zou ✉
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Rhian M. Touyz ✉
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6
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Ling X, Wang J, Qin X, Lin C, Jie W, Chen Y, Fu D, Yang Y, Meng Q, Lin J, Liu H, Li T, Guo J. Predictive value of TRPV2 expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells on the early recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:546. [PMID: 36513971 PMCID: PMC9746099 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent study has shown that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel was exclusively upregulated in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and that this overexpression might be detrimental for occurrence and maintenance of AF. We aimed to characterize the expression levels of TRPV2 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with/without early recurrence of atrial fibrillation (ERAF) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), and to find a reliable predictor for ERAF. METHODS 65 patients of AF, who underwent RFCA successfully, then divided into two groups according to ERAF during following 3 months. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood by Ficoll gradient centrifugation before and after RFCA. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to evaluate TRPV channels expression levels and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) mapping was used for pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the TRPV2 mRNA expression level between the two groups before RFCA, while without ERAF group of TRPV2 expression was markedly reduced compared to ERAF group after RFCA. Moreover, the number of TRPV2 expression was confirmed as an independent predictor for the first time through receiver operating characteristic and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis. It should be pointed out that the above results were only used to predict ERAF, and have no predictive significance for late recurrence of atrial fibrillation according to the current data. Additionally, ERAF was inversely correlated with P wave dispersion. KEGG mapping further clustered 41 pathways, revealing that ''cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signaling pathway'' was significantly enriched. CONCLUSIONS We firstly assume that downregulated expression of peripheral TRPV2 appear in patients without ERAF after RFCA. TRPV2 may thus represent a novel predictor of early phase after successful radiofrequency ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Ling
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Jun Wang
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Xue Qin
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Chufen Lin
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Health Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, 570208 Hainan China
| | - Wei Jie
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Yane Chen
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Dajia Fu
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Yang Yang
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Qingwen Meng
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Jing Lin
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Hui Liu
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China
| | - Tianfa Li
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Junli Guo
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
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7
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Li Q, Lei S, Luo X, He J, Fang Y, Yang H, Liu Y, Deng CY, Wu S, Xue YM, Rao F. Construction of Prediction Model for Atrial Fibrillation with Valvular Heart Disease Based on Machine Learning. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:247. [PMID: 39076905 PMCID: PMC11266776 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2307247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a major precipitating factor of atrial fibrillation (AF) that contributes to decreased cardiac function, heart failure, and stroke. Stroke induced by VHD combined with atrial fibrillation (AF-VHD) is a much more serious condition in comparison to VHD alone. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism governing VHD progression and to provide candidate treatment targets for AF-VHD. Methods Four public mRNA microarray datasets were downloaded and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening was performed. Weighted gene correlation network analysis was carried out to detect key modules and explore their relationships and disease status. Candidate hub signature genes were then screened within the key module using machine learning methods. The receiver operating characteristic curve and nomogram model analysis were used to determine the potential clinical significance of the hub genes. Subsequently, target gene protein levels in independent human atrial tissue samples were detected using western blotting. Specific expression analysis of the hub genes in the tissue and cell samples was performed using single-cell sequencing analysis in the Human Protein Atlas tool. Results A total of 819 common DEGs in combined datasets were screened. Fourteen modules were identified using the cut tree dynamic function. The cyan and purple modules were considered the most clinically significant for AF-VHD. Then, 25 hub genes in the cyan and purple modules were selected for further analysis. The pathways related to dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and heart contraction were concentrated in the purple and cyan modules of the AF-VHD. Genes of importance (CSRP3, MCOLN3, SLC25A5, and FIBP) were then identified based on machine learning. Of these, CSRP3 had a potential clinical significance and was specifically expressed in the heart tissue. Conclusions The identified genes may play critical roles in the pathophysiological process of AF-VHD, providing new insights into VHD development to AF and helping to determine potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for treating AF-VHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenghong Lei
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueshan Luo
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jintao He
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Yu Deng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shulin Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Mei Xue
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Rao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Zong P, Lin Q, Feng J, Yue L. A Systemic Review of the Integral Role of TRPM2 in Ischemic Stroke: From Upstream Risk Factors to Ultimate Neuronal Death. Cells 2022; 11:491. [PMID: 35159300 PMCID: PMC8834171 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes a heavy health burden worldwide, with over 10 million new cases every year. Despite the high prevalence and mortality rate of ischemic stroke, the underlying molecular mechanisms for the common etiological factors of ischemic stroke and ischemic stroke itself remain unclear, which results in insufficient preventive strategies and ineffective treatments for this devastating disease. In this review, we demonstrate that transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 (TRPM2), a non-selective ion channel activated by oxidative stress, is actively involved in all the important steps in the etiology and pathology of ischemic stroke. TRPM2 could be a promising target in screening more effective prophylactic strategies and therapeutic medications for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConnHealth), Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (P.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Qiaoshan Lin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConnHealth), Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (P.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConnHealth), Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (P.Z.); (J.F.)
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9
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Wallace MJ, El Refaey M, Mesirca P, Hund TJ, Mangoni ME, Mohler PJ. Genetic Complexity of Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction. Front Genet 2021; 12:654925. [PMID: 33868385 PMCID: PMC8047474 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pacemaker cells of the cardiac sinoatrial node (SAN) are essential for normal cardiac automaticity. Dysfunction in cardiac pacemaking results in human sinoatrial node dysfunction (SND). SND more generally occurs in the elderly population and is associated with impaired pacemaker function causing abnormal heart rhythm. Individuals with SND have a variety of symptoms including sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, SAN block, bradycardia/tachycardia syndrome, and syncope. Importantly, individuals with SND report chronotropic incompetence in response to stress and/or exercise. SND may be genetic or secondary to systemic or cardiovascular conditions. Current management of patients with SND is limited to the relief of arrhythmia symptoms and pacemaker implantation if indicated. Lack of effective therapeutic measures that target the underlying causes of SND renders management of these patients challenging due to its progressive nature and has highlighted a critical need to improve our understanding of its underlying mechanistic basis of SND. This review focuses on current information on the genetics underlying SND, followed by future implications of this knowledge in the management of individuals with SND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Wallace
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mona El Refaey
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Pietro Mesirca
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence ICST, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas J. Hund
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Matteo E. Mangoni
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence ICST, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter J. Mohler
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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10
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Liao J, Wu Q, Qian C, Zhao N, Zhao Z, Lu K, Zhang S, Dong Q, Chen L, Li Q, Du Y. TRPV4 blockade suppresses atrial fibrillation in sterile pericarditis rats. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137528. [PMID: 33119551 PMCID: PMC7714415 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly occurs after surgery and is associated with atrial remodeling. TRPV4 is functionally expressed in the heart, and its activation affects cardiac structure and functions. We hypothesized that TRPV4 blockade alleviates atrial remodeling and reduces AF induction in sterile pericarditis (SP) rats. TRPV4 antagonist GSK2193874 or vehicle was orally administered 1 day before pericardiotomy. AF susceptibility and atrial function were assessed using in vivo electrophysiology, ex vivo optical mapping, patch clamp, and molecular biology on day 3 after surgery. TRPV4 expression increased in the atria of SP rats and patients with AF. GSK2193874 significantly reduced AF vulnerability in vivo and the frequency of atrial ectopy and AF with a reentrant pattern ex vivo. Mechanistically, GSK2193874 reversed the abnormal action potential duration (APD) prolongation in atrial myocytes through the regulation of voltage-gated K+ currents (IK); reduced the activation of atrial fibroblasts by inhibiting P38, AKT, and STAT3 pathways; and alleviated the infiltration of immune cells. Our results reveal that TRPV4 blockade prevented abnormal changes in atrial myocyte electrophysiology and ameliorated atrial fibrosis and inflammation in SP rats; therefore, it might be a promising strategy to treat AF, particularly postoperative AF. TRPV4 blockade prevents abnormal changes in atrial myocyte electrophysiology and ameliorated atrial fibrosis in rats and might be a promising strategy to treat atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liao
- Department of Cardiology.,Research Center of Ion Channelopathy.,Institute of Cardiology, and.,Key Lab for Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongfeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology.,Research Center of Ion Channelopathy.,Institute of Cardiology, and.,Key Lab for Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Cardiology.,Research Center of Ion Channelopathy.,Institute of Cardiology, and.,Key Lab for Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Cardiology.,Research Center of Ion Channelopathy.,Institute of Cardiology, and.,Key Lab for Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology.,Research Center of Ion Channelopathy.,Institute of Cardiology, and.,Key Lab for Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Cardiology.,Research Center of Ion Channelopathy.,Institute of Cardiology, and.,Key Lab for Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoshao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology.,Research Center of Ion Channelopathy.,Institute of Cardiology, and.,Key Lab for Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Cardiology.,Research Center of Ion Channelopathy.,Institute of Cardiology, and.,Key Lab for Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qince Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Yimei Du
- Department of Cardiology.,Research Center of Ion Channelopathy.,Institute of Cardiology, and.,Key Lab for Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Njegic A, Wilson C, Cartwright EJ. Targeting Ca 2 + Handling Proteins for the Treatment of Heart Failure and Arrhythmias. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1068. [PMID: 33013458 PMCID: PMC7498719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the heart, such as heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias, are a growing socio-economic burden. Calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation is key hallmark of the failing myocardium and has long been touted as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the heart, Ca2+ is essential for maintaining normal cardiac function through the generation of the cardiac action potential and its involvement in excitation contraction coupling. As such, the proteins which regulate Ca2+ cycling and signaling play a vital role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. Changes to the expression levels and function of Ca2+-channels, pumps and associated intracellular handling proteins contribute to altered Ca2+ homeostasis in CVD. The remodeling of Ca2+-handling proteins therefore results in impaired Ca2+ cycling, Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and reduced Ca2+ clearance, all of which contributes to increased intracellular Ca2+. Currently, approved treatments for targeting Ca2+ handling dysfunction in CVD are focused on Ca2+ channel blockers. However, whilst Ca2+ channel blockers have been successful in the treatment of some arrhythmic disorders, they are not universally prescribed to heart failure patients owing to their ability to depress cardiac function. Despite the progress in CVD treatments, there remains a clear need for novel therapeutic approaches which are able to reverse pathophysiology associated with heart failure and arrhythmias. Given that heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias are closely associated with altered Ca2+ homeostasis, this review will address the molecular changes to proteins associated with both Ca2+-handling and -signaling; their potential as novel therapeutic targets will be discussed in the context of pre-clinical and, where available, clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Njegic
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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12
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Capsaicin-Sensitive Sensory Nerves and the TRPV1 Ion Channel in Cardiac Physiology and Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124472. [PMID: 32586044 PMCID: PMC7352834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, ischemic heart diseases such as acute myocardial infarction and postischemic heart failure, heart failure of other etiologies, and cardiac arrhythmias, belong to the leading causes of death. Activation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves by the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) capsaicin receptor and other receptors, as well as neuropeptide mediators released from them upon stimulation, play important physiological regulatory roles. Capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves also contribute to the development and progression of some cardiac diseases, as well as to mechanisms of endogenous stress adaptation leading to cardioprotection. In this review, we summarize the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferents and the TRPV1 ion channel in physiological and pathophysiological functions of the heart based mainly on experimental results and show their diagnostic or therapeutic potentials. Although the actions of several other channels or receptors expressed on cardiac sensory afferents and the effects of TRPV1 channel activation on different non-neural cell types in the heart are not precisely known, most data suggest that stimulation of the TRPV1-expressing sensory nerves or stimulation/overexpression of TRPV1 channels have beneficial effects in cardiac diseases.
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13
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Entin-Meer M, Keren G. Potential roles in cardiac physiology and pathology of the cation channel TRPV2 expressed in cardiac cells and cardiac macrophages: a mini-review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H181-H188. [PMID: 31809212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00491.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TRPV2 is a well-conserved channel protein expressed in almost all tissues. Cardiomyocyte TRPV2 is expressed in the intercalated disks of the cardiac sarcomeres, where it is involved in maintaining the proper mechanoelectric coupling and structure. It is also abundantly expressed in the intracellular pools, mainly the endoplasmic reticulum. Under pathological conditions, TRPV2 is translocated to the sarcolemma, where it mediates an abnormal [Ca]2+ entry that may contribute to disease progression. In addition, an intracellularly diffused TRPV2 expression is present in resident cardiac macrophages. Upon infection or inflammation, TRPV2 is engaged in early phagosomes and is, therefore, potentially involved in protecting the cardiac tissue. Following acute myocardial infarction, a profound elevated expression of TRPV2 is observed on the cell membrane of the peri-infarct macrophages. The macrophage TRPV2 may harbor a detrimental effect in cardiac recovery by increasing unfavorable migration and phagocytosis processes in the injured heart. Most reports suggest that while cardiac TRPV2 activation may be beneficial under specific physiological conditions, both cardiac- and macrophage-related TRPV2 blocking can significantly ameliorate disease progression in various pathological states. To verify this possibility, the time frame of TRPV2 overexpression and its mediated signaling need to be fully characterized in both cardiomyocyte and cardiac macrophage populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Entin-Meer
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gad Keren
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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14
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Düzen IV, Yavuz F, Vuruskan E, Saracoglu E, Poyraz F, Cekici Y, Alıcı H, Göksülük H, Candemir B, Sucu M, Demiryürek AT. Investigation of leukocyte RHO/ROCK gene expressions in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2777-2782. [PMID: 31572525 PMCID: PMC6755446 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia caused by disorganized electrical activity in the atria, and it is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. There is a limited data about Rho/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway contribute to AF development. The aim of the present study was to elucidate leukocyte RHO/ROCK gene expressions in patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF). A total of 37 NVAF patients and 47 age and sex-matched controls were included in this study. mRNA was extracted from leukocytes, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for gene expression analysis. A marked increase in ROCK1 and ROCK2 gene expressions in patients with NVAF was observed (P<0.0001). The present study detected significant elevations in RHOBTB2, RND3 (RHOE), RHOC, RHOG, RHOH, RAC3, RHOB, RHOD, RHOV, RHOBTB1, RND2, RND1 and RHOJ gene expressions (P<0.01). However, there were marked decreases in CDC42, RAC2, and RHOQ gene expressions in patients with NVAF. No significant modifications were seen in the other Rho GTPase proteins RHOA, RAC1, RHOF, RHOU and RHOBTB3. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to provide data that gene expression of leukocyte RHO/ROCK may contribute to the NVAF pathogenesis through activated leukocytes, which promotes the immune or inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan V Düzen
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Fethi Yavuz
- Department of Cardiology, Adana City Hospital, Adana 01060, Turkey
| | - Ertan Vuruskan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Erhan Saracoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Fatih Poyraz
- Department of Cardiology, Defa Life Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Cekici
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Hayri Alıcı
- Department of Cardiology, Hatem Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Göksülük
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06340, Turkey
| | - Basar Candemir
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06340, Turkey
| | - Murat Sucu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Abdullah T Demiryürek
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
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15
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Falcón D, Galeano-Otero I, Calderón-Sánchez E, Del Toro R, Martín-Bórnez M, Rosado JA, Hmadcha A, Smani T. TRP Channels: Current Perspectives in the Adverse Cardiac Remodeling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:159. [PMID: 30881310 PMCID: PMC6406032 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an important second messenger required not only for the excitation-contraction coupling of the heart but also critical for the activation of cell signaling pathways involved in the adverse cardiac remodeling and consequently for the heart failure. Sustained neurohumoral activation, pressure-overload, or myocardial injury can cause pathologic hypertrophic growth of the heart followed by interstitial fibrosis. The consequent heart’s structural and molecular adaptation might elevate the risk of developing heart failure and malignant arrhythmia. Compelling evidences have demonstrated that Ca2+ entry through TRP channels might play pivotal roles in cardiac function and pathology. TRP proteins are classified into six subfamilies: TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPA (ankyrin), TRPML (mucolipin), and TRPP (polycystin), which are activated by numerous physical and/or chemical stimuli. TRP channels participate to the handling of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in cardiac myocytes and are mediators of different cardiovascular alterations. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of TRP proteins implication in the pathologic process of some frequent cardiac diseases associated with the adverse cardiac remodeling such as cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and conduction alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Falcón
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Galeano-Otero
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Calderón-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Del Toro
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-Bórnez
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Generation and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Li YR, Gupta P. Immune aspects of the bi-directional neuroimmune facilitator TRPV1. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1499-1510. [PMID: 30554315 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A rapidly growing area of interest in biomedical science involves the reciprocal crosstalk between the sensory nervous and immune systems. Both of these systems are highly integrated, detecting potential environmental harms and restoring homeostasis. Many different cytokines, receptors, neuropeptides, and other proteins are involved in this bidirectional communication that are common to both systems. One such family of proteins includes the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) proteins. Though much progress has been made in understanding TRPV proteins in the nervous system, their functions in the immune system are not well elucidated. Hence, further understanding their role in the peripheral immune system and as regulators of neuroimmunity is critical for evaluating their potential as therapeutic targets for numerous inflammatory disorders, cancers, and other disease states. Here, we focus on the latest advancements in understanding TRPV1 and TRPV2's roles in the immune system, TRPV1 in neuroimmunity, and TRPV1's potential involvement in anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Puneet Gupta
- School of Arts and Sciences, St. Bonaventure University, St. Bonaventure, New York, 14778, USA. .,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, D.C., 20037, USA.
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17
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Chien LC, Chiu YF. General retrospective mega-analysis framework for rare variant association tests. Genet Epidemiol 2018; 42:621-635. [PMID: 30188589 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a retrospective mega-analysis framework for gene- or region-based multimarker rare variant association tests. Our proposed mega-analysis association tests allow investigators to combine longitudinal and cross-sectional family- and/or population-based studies. This framework can be applied to a continuous, categorical, or survival trait. In addition to autosomal variants, the tests can be applied to conduct mega-analyses on X-chromosome variants. Tests were built on study-specific region- or gene-level quasiscore statistics and, therefore, do not require estimates of effects of individual rare variants. We used the generalized estimating equation approach to account for complex multiple correlation structures between family members, repeated measurements, and genetic markers. While accounting for multilevel correlations and heterogeneity across studies, the test statistics were computationally efficient and feasible for large-scale sequencing studies. The retrospective aspect of association tests helps alleviate bias due to phenotype-related sampling and type I errors due to misspecification of phenotypic distribution. We evaluated our developed mega-analysis methods through comprehensive simulations with varying sample sizes, covariates, population stratification structures, and study designs across multiple studies. To illustrate application of the proposed framework, we conducted a mega-association analysis combining a longitudinal family study and a cross-sectional case-control study from Genetic Analysis Workshop 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chu Chien
- Center for Fundamental Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Feng Chiu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Han L, Li J. Canonical transient receptor potential 3 channels in atrial fibrillation. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 837:1-7. [PMID: 30153442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) is largely dependent on structural remodeling and electrical reconfiguration, which in turn drive localized fibrosis. Canonical transient receptor potential 3 (TRPC3) channel is indispensable regulator of fibrosis development, promoting fibroblasts to transition into myofibroblasts via intracellular Ca2+ overload. TRPC3 is a non-voltage gated, non-selective cation channel that regulates the permeability of the cell to Ca2+. When subjected to various external physical and chemical stimuli, such as angiotensin II (AngII), mechanical stretch, hypoxia, or oxidative stress, TRPC3 coordinates with downstream signal transduction pathways to alter gene expression and thereby regulate a number of distinct pathological patterns and mechanisms. This review will focus on how TRPC3 affects AF pathogenesis by exploring the underlying mechanisms governing fibrosis associated with particular signaling proteins, ultimately highlighting the characteristics of TPRC3 that mark it as a novel therapeutic target for AF alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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19
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Tucker NR, McLellan MA, Hu D, Ye J, Parsons VA, Mills RW, Clauss S, Dolmatova E, Shea MA, Milan DJ, Scott NS, Lindsay M, Lubitz SA, Domian IJ, Stone JR, Lin H, Ellinor PT. Novel Mutation in FLNC (Filamin C) Causes Familial Restrictive Cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.117.001780. [PMID: 29212899 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.117.001780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare cardiomyopathy characterized by impaired diastolic ventricular function resulting in a poor clinical prognosis. Rarely, heritable forms of RCM have been reported, and mutations underlying RCM have been identified in genes that govern the contractile function of the cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated 8 family members across 4 generations by history, physical examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Affected individuals presented with a pleitropic syndrome of progressive RCM, atrioventricular septal defects, and a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation. Exome sequencing of 5 affected members identified a single novel missense variant in a highly conserved residue of FLNC (filamin C; p.V2297M). FLNC encodes filamin C-a protein that acts as both a scaffold for the assembly and organization of the central contractile unit of striated muscle and also as a mechanosensitive signaling molecule during cell migration and shear stress. Immunohistochemical analysis of FLNC localization in cardiac tissue from an affected family member revealed a diminished localization at the z disk, whereas traditional localization at the intercalated disk was preserved. Stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes mutated to carry the effect allele had diminished contractile activity when compared with controls. CONCLUSION We have identified a novel variant in FLNC as pathogenic variant for familial RCM-a finding that further expands on the genetic basis of this rare and morbid cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Tucker
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Micheal A McLellan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Dongjian Hu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Jiangchuan Ye
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Victoria A Parsons
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Robert W Mills
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Elena Dolmatova
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Marisa A Shea
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - David J Milan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Nandita S Scott
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Mark Lindsay
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Ibrahim J Domian
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - James R Stone
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Honghuang Lin
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.)
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (N.R.T., M.A.M., D.H., J.Y., V.A.P., R.W.M., S.C., E.D., D.J.M., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (N.R.T., J.Y., V.A.P., S.A.L., H.L., P.T.E.); Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich (LMU), Germany (S.C.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Munich, Germany (S.C.); Division of Cardiology (M.A.S., D.J.M., N.S.S., M.L., S.A.L., I.J.D., P.T.E.) and Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology (J.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Computational Biomedicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (H.L.).
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