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Adly MM, Elgaml MA, Abdel Khalek AF, Saeed OS, Shalaby MA, Amer HM. Molecular characterization of full-length VP2 gene of canine parvovirus type 2 strains circulating in Egypt 2019-2021. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:102190. [PMID: 38815398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a major cause of fatal gastroenteritis and myocarditis in puppies of domestic and wild carnivores. CPV-2 has accumulated changes over time lead to the emergence of three antigenic variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. VP2 is the major capsid protein that determines virus antigenicity, and host range. Although the three CPV-2 variants were previously identified in Egypt, most reports covered a restricted geographic region and/or time period, and only analyzed partial fragments of VP2 gene. Therefore, this study was designed to test 100 rectal swabs collected from 7 Egyptian governorates between 2019 and 2021 for CPV-2 using PCR. A total of 65 positive samples were identified, mostly in pure dog breeds of young age. The three variants co-circulated in 2019, while CPV-2b was not detected in 2020 and 2021. The frequency of CPV-2b and CPV-2c was higher in 2019 and 2021, respectively. Analysis of CPV-2 full-length VP2 gene sequence from 19/65 positive samples has identified four common amino acid substitutions F267Y, S297A, A300G, Y324I, which are characteristic for the new CPV-2 variants currently circulating worldwide. Unique substitutions including A5G, G36R, V38E, Q370R, and G392V were recognized in certain samples, and appears to have distinct effect on receptor binding, nuclear translocation, and inter-species transmission. Phylogenetic analysis showed separation of CPV-2 strains into two clades. All strains of this study were classified in clade I with Asian strains. In conclusion, this study provides updated comprehensive molecular analysis of CPV-2 variants in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohab M Adly
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elgaml
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Abdel Khalek
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Omar S Saeed
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shalaby
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Haitham M Amer
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
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2
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Vannamahaxay S, Sornpet B, Pringproa K, Patchanee P, Chuammitri P. Transcriptome analysis of infected Crandell Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cells by canine parvovirus type 2c Laotian isolates. Gene X 2022; 822:146324. [PMID: 35182681 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of RNA sequencing technology provides insight into the dynamic nature of tremendous transcripts within Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells in response to canine parvovirus (CPV-2c) infection. A total of 1,603 genes displayed differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 789 up-regulated genes and 814 downregulated genes in the infected cells. Gene expression profiles have shown a subtle pattern of defense mechanism and immune response to CPV through significant DEGs when extensively examined via Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis. Prospective GO analysis was performed and identified several enriched GO biological process terms with significant participating roles in the immune system process and defense response to virus pathway. A Gene network was constructed using the 22 most significantly enriched genes of particular interests in defense response to virus pathways to illustrate the key pathways. Eleven genes (C1QBP, CD40, HYAL2, IFNB1, IFNG, IL12B, IL6, IRF3, LSM14A, MAVS, NLRC5) were identified, which are directly related to the defense response to the virus. Results of transcriptome profiling permit us to understand the heterogeneity of DEGs during in vitro experimental study of CPV infection, reflecting a unique transcriptome signature for the CPV virus. Our findings also demonstrate a distinct scenario of enhanced CPV responses in CRFK cells for viral clearance that involved multistep and perplexity of biological processes. Collectively, our data have given a fundamental role in anti-viral immunity as our highlights of this study, thus providing outlooks on future research priorities to be important in studying CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulasack Vannamahaxay
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | - Benjaporn Sornpet
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Prapas Patchanee
- Department of Food Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Integrative Research Center for Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
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Suminda GGD, Bhandari S, Won Y, Goutam U, Kanth Pulicherla K, Son YO, Ghosh M. High-throughput sequencing technologies in the detection of livestock pathogens, diagnosis, and zoonotic surveillance. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5378-5392. [PMID: 36212529 PMCID: PMC9526013 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing globalization, agricultural intensification, urbanization, and climatic changes have resulted in a significant recent increase in emerging infectious zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are becoming more common, so innovative, effective, and integrative research is required to better understand their transmission, ecological implications, and dynamics at wildlife-human interfaces. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) methodologies have enormous potential for unraveling these contingencies and improving our understanding, but they are only now beginning to be realized in livestock research. This study investigates the current state of use of sequencing technologies in the detection of livestock pathogens such as bovine, dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), sheep (Ovis aries), pigs (Sus scrofa), horses (Equus caballus), chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), and ducks (Anatidae) as well as how it can improve the monitoring and detection of zoonotic infections. We also described several high-throughput sequencing approaches for improved detection of known, unknown, and emerging infectious agents, resulting in better infectious disease diagnosis, as well as surveillance of zoonotic infectious diseases. In the coming years, the continued advancement of sequencing technologies will improve livestock research and hasten the development of various new genomic and technological studies on farm animals.
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Tion MT, Shima FK, Ogbu KI, Omobowale TO, Amine AA, Nguetyo SA, Igoh FA, Oochi JO, Fotina HA, Saganuwan SA, Zon GA. Genetic diversity of canine parvovirus variants circulating in Nigeria. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 94:104996. [PMID: 34246800 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a fast-evolving single-stranded DNA virus that causes severe and fatal gastrointestinal disease in dogs. Lately, several mutations affecting viral protein (VP) capsid resulting in highly pathogenic variants with distinctive immunological and clinicopathological characteristics abound. This study involved screening stools of 44 randomly selected clinical cases of canine gastroenteritis from 4 cities (Ibadan, Jos, Makurdi, and Zaria) in Nigeria for CPV antigen using an on-the-spot immunoassay test kit, as well as, molecular detection of viral nucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, nucleic acid sequencing of 1195-bp amplicons encompassing the VP2 encoding region was done. The resultant 40 high-quality amino acid sequences obtained were analysed for the identification and grouping of the viruses into their discrete variants - CPV-2a, CPV-2b, or CPV-2c, using key amino acids substitutions - Asn, Asp, or Glu respectively at position 426 of the VP2 gene. One-third (11/40; 27.5%) of the analysed sequences were identified as CPV-2a and two-third (29/40; 72.5%) as CPV-2c. The original CPV and CPV-2b were not detected. Also, the "new CPV-2a variant" with mutation S297A identified had two additional mutations (Y324I and T440A) associated with selective pressure and vaccination failure in their sequences. Similarly, unique CPV-2c mutants carrying genetic markers (S297A, Y324I, and Q370R) that are highly related to CPVs of Asian origin were observed. These findings revealed a high level of divergence of existing CPVs in circulation; suggesting that CPV is rapidly evolving in Nigeria lately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Terzungwe Tion
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, 160 Herasima Kondratieva Street, Sumy 40021, Ukraine.
| | - Felix Kundu Shima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth Ikejiofor Ogbu
- Department of Animal Health, School of Animal Health, Production and Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | | | - Andrew Aondowase Amine
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | | | - Favour Ann Igoh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Josiah Oochi Oochi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Hanna Anatoliyivna Fotina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, 160 Herasima Kondratieva Street, Sumy 40021, Ukraine
| | | | - Gregory Anatoliiovych Zon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy National Agrarian University, 160 Herasima Kondratieva Street, Sumy 40021, Ukraine
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Gainor K, Bowen A, Bolfa P, Peda A, Malik YS, Ghosh S. Molecular Investigation of Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) Outbreak in Nevis Island: Analysis of the Nearly Complete Genomes of CPV-2 Strains from the Caribbean Region. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061083. [PMID: 34204082 PMCID: PMC8227521 DOI: 10.3390/v13061083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there is a dearth of information on canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) from the Caribbean region. During August–October 2020, the veterinary clinic on the Caribbean island of Nevis reported 64 household dogs with CPV-2-like clinical signs (hemorrhagic/non-hemorrhagic diarrhea and vomiting), of which 27 animals died. Rectal swabs/fecal samples were obtained from 43 dogs. A total of 39 of the 43 dogs tested positive for CPV-2 antigen and/or DNA, while 4 samples, negative for CPV-2 antigen, were not available for PCR. Among the 21 untested dogs, 15 had CPV-2 positive littermates. Analysis of the complete VP2 sequences of 32 strains identified new CPV-2a (CPV-2a with Ser297Ala in VP2) as the predominant CPV-2 on Nevis Island. Two nonsynonymous mutations, one rare (Asp373Asn) and the other uncommon (Ala262Thr), were observed in a few VP2 sequences. It was intriguing that new CPV-2a was associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis on Nevis while found at low frequencies in sporadic cases of diarrhea on the neighboring island of St. Kitts. The nearly complete CPV-2 genomes (4 CPV-2 strains from St. Kitts and Nevis (SKN)) were reported for the first time from the Caribbean region. Eleven substitutions were found among the SKN genomes, which included nine synonymous substitutions, five of which have been rarely reported, and the two nonsynonymous substitutions. Phylogenetically, the SKN CPV-2 sequences formed a distinct cluster, with CPV-2b/USA/1998 strains constituting the nearest cluster. Our findings suggested that new CPV-2a is endemic in the region, with the potential to cause severe outbreaks, warranting further studies across the Caribbean Islands. Analysis of the SKN CPV-2 genomes corroborated the hypothesis that recurrent parallel evolution and reversion might play important roles in the evolution of CPV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Gainor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (K.G.); (P.B.)
| | - April Bowen
- Nevis Animal Speak, Cades Bay Nevis, Basserrete, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
| | - Pompei Bolfa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (K.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Andrea Peda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
| | - Yashpal S. Malik
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001, India;
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (K.G.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +18-(69)-4654161 (ext. 401-1202)
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Kelman M, Barrs VR, Norris JM, Ward MP. Canine parvovirus prevention and prevalence: Veterinarian perceptions and behaviors. Prev Vet Med 2019; 174:104817. [PMID: 31731035 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Canine Parvovirus (CPV) causes severe morbidity and mortality in dogs, particularly puppies, worldwide. Although vaccination is highly efficacious in preventing disease, cases continue to occur and vaccination failures are well documented. Maternally derived antibody interference is the leading cause of vaccination failure and age at vaccine administration is a significant risk factor for failure. However, no studies have been performed on practicing veterinarians' usage of and compliance with published vaccination guidelines and label recommendations. Likewise, there are no published studies of veterinarian perceptions on CPV occurrence and mortality and its influence on case outcome. We report a study in which all Australian small companion animal (canine and feline) veterinary hospitals were surveyed, yielding a response rate of 23.5% (534 unique veterinary hospitals). Respondents overall perceived national CPV occurrence ten-times lower (median 2000 cases) than the estimated national caseload (20,000 cases). Respondents from hospitals that did not diagnose CPV perceived national occurrence twenty-times lower (median 1000 cases) than the estimated rate (p < 0.0001). Perceived disease mortality (50%) was 2.74 times higher than that reported (18.2%). In addition, 26.7% of veterinarians reported using serological titer testing to some degree, which some practitioners use in lieu of vaccination if a titer is perceived to reflect sufficient immunity. Based on this study veterinarians appear to be aware of the disease risk in their region but unaware of the burden of CPV disease nationally, and perceive mortality risk higher than it actually is. This might lead to an overestimation of cost to treat, and over-recommendation of euthanasia. Nearly half (48.7%) of respondents recommended final puppy vaccination earlier than guidelines recommend, while 2.8% of respondents recommended a puppy re-vaccination interval longer than supported by vaccine labels and guidelines. Both of these practices may put puppies at risk of CPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kelman
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - V R Barrs
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - J M Norris
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - M P Ward
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, NSW 2006, Australia
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Temuujin U, Tserendorj A, Fujiki J, Sakoda Y, Tseren-Ochir EO, Okamatsu M, Matsuno K, Sharav T, Horiuchi M, Umemura T, Chultemdorj T. The first isolation and identification of canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2c variants during 2016-2018 genetic surveillance of dogs in Mongolia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:269-275. [PMID: 31078727 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) causes a highly contagious and fatal disease, developing into acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis, in dogs. CPV-2 has evolved, generating antigenic variants CPV-2a/2b/2c that are globally distributed. However, investigating molecular characterization of CPV-2 among dog populations in Mongolia has been limited. Herein, 42 stool samples were collected from dogs with clinical signs of infection, and conventional PCR assays were employed to detect CPV-2 in 23. Our results indicated that during 2016-2018, the new CPV-2a and 2c subtypes were detected in 34.7% of the samples, and the new CPV-2b subtype was detected in 30.4% of samples. VP2 protein sequence analysis and next-generation sequencing of the complete viral genome confirmed these antigenic types. However, sequence analysis indicated new and unreported mutations, Pro580Thr, and Tyr584His in the CPV-2c subtype. From a PCR-positive sample, CPV-2c was successfully isolated, and we performed an immunofluorescence assay for antigen detection. Additionally, we performed genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis to investigate genetic diversity among isolates from the region, resulting in high CPV-2 genetic diversity in the Mongolian dog population. Striking similarities were also observed between sequences of the strains isolated from Mongolia and China over a similar time span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyangaa Temuujin
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia.
| | - Ariunaa Tserendorj
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia
| | - Jumpei Fujiki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Erdene-Ochir Tseren-Ochir
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tumenjargal Sharav
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia
| | - Motohiro Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- JICA Expert in School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Mongolia
| | - Tungalag Chultemdorj
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Zaisan 17024, Mongolia.
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Abedi N, Staji H, Shahroozian E. Frequency of Canine Parvovirus Type-2 Variants by PCR in Enteric and Healthy Dogs and Genotyping of Variants by Restriction Enzyme (RE) Mapping by DdeI Endonuclease Based on Partial VP-2 Gene Sequence. MOLECULAR GENETICS, MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416818020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mira F, Dowgier G, Purpari G, Vicari D, Di Bella S, Macaluso G, Gucciardi F, Randazzo V, Decaro N, Guercio A. Molecular typing of a novel canine parvovirus type 2a mutant circulating in Italy. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 61:67-73. [PMID: 29548803 PMCID: PMC7185394 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the etiological agent of a severe viral disease of dogs. After its emergence in late 1970s, the CPV original type (CPV-2) was rapidly and totally replaced by three antigenic variants named CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c. CPV has an evolutionary rate nearest to those of RNA viruses, with consequences on disease diagnosis and epidemiology. This paper reports the molecular characterization of eight CPV-2a strains collected from dogs in Italy in 2016–2017. Genetic analysis was conducted on a CPV genomic region encompassing both open reading frames (ORFs) encoding for nonstructural (NS1-NS2) and structural proteins (VP1-VP2). Sequence analysis indicates new and unreported sequence changes, mainly affecting the VP2 gene, which included the mutation Tyr324Leu. This study represents the first evidence of a new CPV-2a mutant (VP2 324Leu) and illustrates the importance of a continuous molecular survey in order to obtain more information on effective spread of new CPV mutants. Canine parvovirus strains collected from dogs in southern Italy were analyzed. Nearly complete genome sequences of the CPV strains were obtained and comparatively analyzed. A novel CPV-2a mutant with unreported sequence changes has been characterized. This study reports a novel CPV-2a mutant in genus Protoparvovirus. Our data confirmed the importance of the continuous epidemiological survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giulia Dowgier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusi Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Randazzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Clark NJ, Seddon JM, Kyaw-Tanner M, Al-Alawneh J, Harper G, McDonagh P, Meers J. Emergence of canine parvovirus subtype 2b (CPV-2b) infections in Australian dogs. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 58:50-55. [PMID: 29253672 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tracing the temporal dynamics of pathogens is crucial for developing strategies to detect and limit disease emergence. Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) is an enteric virus causing morbidity and mortality in dogs around the globe. Previous work in Australia reported that the majority of cases were associated with the CPV-2a subtype, an unexpected finding since CPV-2a was rapidly replaced by another subtype (CPV-2b) in many countries. Using a nine-year dataset of CPV-2 infections from 396 dogs sampled across Australia, we assessed the population dynamics and molecular epidemiology of circulating CPV-2 subtypes. Bayesian phylogenetic Skygrid models and logistic regressions were used to trace the temporal dynamics of CPV-2 infections in dogs sampled from 2007 to 2016. Phylogenetic models indicated that CPV-2a likely emerged in Australia between 1973 and 1988, while CPV-2b likely emerged between 1985 and 1998. Sequences from both subtypes were found in dogs across continental Australia and Tasmania, with no apparent effect of climate variability on subtype occurrence. Both variant subtypes exhibited a classical disease emergence pattern of relatively high rates of evolution during early emergence followed by subsequent decreases in evolutionary rates over time. However, the CPV-2b subtype maintained higher mutation rates than CPV-2a and continued to expand, resulting in an increase in the probability that dogs will carry this subtype over time. Ongoing monitoring programs that provide molecular epidemiology surveillance will be necessary to detect emergence of new variants and make informed recommendations to develop reliable detection and vaccine methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Clark
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
| | - Jennifer M Seddon
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - Myat Kyaw-Tanner
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - John Al-Alawneh
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - Gavin Harper
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pty Limited, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Phillip McDonagh
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pty Limited, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Joanne Meers
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
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