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Santos L, Patrone M, Prieto-Echagüe V, Lapi S, Perdomo M, Vaucher A, Rodriguez G, Valsangiacomo P, Naya H, Escande C, Badano JL, Spangenberg L, Bruno G. Impact of Bariatric Surgery on metabolic health in a Uruguayan cohort and the emerging predictive role of FSTL1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15085. [PMID: 38956222 PMCID: PMC11219826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity poses significant challenges, necessitating comprehensive strategies for effective intervention. Bariatric Surgery (BS) has emerged as a crucial therapeutic approach, demonstrating success in weight loss and comorbidity improvement. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of BS in a cohort of 48 Uruguayan patients and investigate the interplay between BS and clinical and metabolic features, with a specific focus on FSTL1, an emerging biomarker associated with obesity and inflammation. We quantitatively analyzed BS outcomes and constructed linear models to identify variables impacting BS success. The study revealed the effectiveness of BS in improving metabolic and clinical parameters. Importantly, variables correlating with BS success were identified, with higher pre-surgical FSTL1 levels associated with an increased effect of BS on BMI reduction. FSTL1 levels were measured from patient plasma using an ELISA kit pre-surgery and six months after. This research, despite limitations of a small sample size and limited follow-up time, contributes valuable insights into understanding and predicting the success of BS, highlighting the potential role of FSTL1 as a useful biomarker in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Santos
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y El Envejecimiento, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Patrone
- Programa de Obesidad y Cirugía Bariátrica, Hospital Maciel, 25 Mayo 174, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Prieto-Echagüe
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvana Lapi
- Programa de Obesidad y Cirugía Bariátrica, Hospital Maciel, 25 Mayo 174, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Clínica Quirúrgica 2, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Gral Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauro Perdomo
- Programa de Obesidad y Cirugía Bariátrica, Hospital Maciel, 25 Mayo 174, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Clínica Quirúrgica 3, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Gral Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Vaucher
- Programa de Obesidad y Cirugía Bariátrica, Hospital Maciel, 25 Mayo 174, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Clínica Médica 3, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Gral Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Rodriguez
- Programa de Obesidad y Cirugía Bariátrica, Hospital Maciel, 25 Mayo 174, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Clínica Quirúrgica 2, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Gral Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Valsangiacomo
- Programa de Obesidad y Cirugía Bariátrica, Hospital Maciel, 25 Mayo 174, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Clínica Quirúrgica 3, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Gral Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Naya
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Av. Gral. Eugenio Garzón 780, 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Escande
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Metabolismo y El Envejecimiento, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jose L Badano
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Humana, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucia Spangenberg
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Av Italia S/N, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Gustavo Bruno
- Programa de Obesidad y Cirugía Bariátrica, Hospital Maciel, 25 Mayo 174, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Clínica Médica 3, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Gral Flores 2125, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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2
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Tomlinson JW. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: A focus on genetics, mechanisms and metabolic dysfunction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26 Suppl 2:13-24. [PMID: 38302651 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare, monogenic, multisystem disorder characterized by retinal dystrophy, renal abnormalities, polydactyly, learning disabilities, as well as metabolic dysfunction, including obesity and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. It is a primary ciliopathy, and causative mutations in more than 25 different genes have been described. Multiple cellular mechanisms contribute to the development of the metabolic phenotype associated with BBS, including hyperphagia as a consequence of altered hypothalamic appetite signalling as well as alterations in adipocyte biology promoting adipocyte proliferation and adipogenesis. Within this review, we describe in detail the metabolic phenotype associated with BBS and discuss the mechanisms that drive its evolution. In addition, we review current approaches to the metabolic management of patients with BBS, including the use of weight loss medications and bariatric surgery. Finally, we evaluate the potential of targeting hypothalamic appetite signalling to limit hyperphagia and induce clinically significant weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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3
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Horwitz A, Levi-Carmel N, Shnaider O, Birk R. BBS genes are involved in accelerated proliferation and early differentiation of BBS-related tissues. Differentiation 2024; 135:100745. [PMID: 38215537 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2024.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an inherited disorder primarily ciliopathy with pleiotropic multi-systemic phenotypic involvement, including adipose, nerve, retinal, kidney, Etc. Consequently, it is characterized by obesity, cognitive impairment and retinal, kidney and cutaneous abnormalities. Initial studies, including ours have shown that BBS genes play a role in the early developmental stages of adipocytes and β-cells. However, this role in other BBS-related tissues is unknown. We investigated BBS genes involvement in the proliferation and early differentiation of different BBS cell types. The involvement of BBS genes in cellular proliferation were studied in seven in-vitro and transgenic cell models; keratinocytes (hHaCaT) and Ras-transfected keratinocytes (Ras-hHaCaT), neuronal cell lines (hSH-SY5Y and rPC-12), silenced BBS4 neural cell lines (siBbs4 hSH-SY5Y and siBbs4 rPC-12), adipocytes (m3T3L1), and ex-vivo transformed B-cells obtain from BBS4 patients, using molecular and biochemical methodologies. RashHaCaT cells showed an accelerated proliferation rate in parallel to significant reduction in the transcript levels of BBS1, 2, and 4. BBS1, 2, and 4 transcripts linked with hHaCaT cell cycle arrest (G1 phase) using both chemical (CDK4 inhibitor) and serum deprivation methodologies. Adipocyte (m3T3-L1) Bbs1, 2 and 4 transcript levels corresponded to the cell cycle phase (CDK4 inhibitor and serum deprivation). SiBBS4 hSH-SY5Y cells exhibited early cell proliferation and differentiation (wound healing assay) rates. SiBbs4 rPC-12 models exhibited significant proliferation and differentiation rate corresponding to Nestin expression levels. BBS4 patients-transformed B-cells exhibited an accelerated proliferation rate (LPS-induced methodology). In conclusions, the BBS4 gene plays a significant, similar and global role in the cellular proliferation of various BBS related tissues. These results highlight the universal role of the BBS gene in the cell cycle, and further deepen the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the development of BBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Horwitz
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel
| | | | - Olga Shnaider
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel.
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4
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Solarat C, Valverde D. Clinical and molecular diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Methods Cell Biol 2023; 176:125-137. [PMID: 37164534 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare genetic disease of the group of ciliopathies, a group of pathologies characterized mainly by defects in the structure and/or function of primary cilia. The main features of this ciliopathy are retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, urogenital and renal abnormalities, and cognitive impairment, commonly accompanied by various secondary features, making clear the extensive clinical heterogeneity associated with this syndrome, which, together with the frequent overlapping phenotype with other ciliopathies, greatly complicates its diagnosis. Patients are mainly detected by their pediatrician at quite early ages, usually between 2 and 6years. The pediatrician, given the main symptoms they present, usually refers patients to a specialist. Personalized medicine brought diagnosis closer to many patients who lacked it. It usually presents an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, but in recent years several authors have proposed more complex inheritance models to explain the frequent inter- and intra-familial clinical variability. The main molecular techniques used for diagnosis are gene panels, the clinical exome and, in certain cases, the patient's complete genome. Although numerous studies have contributed to defining the role of the different BBS genes and designing various strategies for the molecular diagnosis of BBS, as well as delving into the functions performed by these proteins, these advances have not been sufficient to develop a complete treatment for this syndrome. and to be able to offer patients some therapeutic options.
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5
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Gu C, Xue H, Yang X, Nie Y, Qian X. Role of follistatin-like protein 1 in liver diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 248:193-200. [PMID: 36533576 PMCID: PMC10107393 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221142604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, fatty liver, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, and liver neoplasms, are major global health challenges. Despite the continued development of new drugs and technologies, the prognosis of end-stage liver diseases, including advanced liver cirrhosis and liver neoplasms, remains poor. Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), an extracellular glycoprotein, is secreted by various cell types. It is a glycoprotein that belongs to the family of secreted proteins acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). It is also known as transforming growth factor-beta inducible TSC-36 and follistatin-related protein (FRP). FSTL1 plays a key role in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, as well as the regulation of inflammation and immunity. Studies have demonstrated that FSTL1 significantly affects the occurrence and development of liver diseases. This article reviews the role and mechanism of FSLT1 in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansha Gu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hua Xue
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yu Nie
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xinlai Qian
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
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6
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Fabregat M, Niño-Rivero S, Pose S, Cárdenas-Rodríguez M, Bresque M, Hernández K, Prieto-Echagüe V, Schlapp G, Crispo M, Lagos P, Lago N, Escande C, Irigoín F, Badano JL. Generation and characterization of Ccdc28b mutant mice links the Bardet-Biedl associated gene with mild social behavioral phenotypes. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009896. [PMID: 35653384 PMCID: PMC9197067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CCDC28B (coiled-coil domain-containing protein 28B) was identified as a modifier in the ciliopathy Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Our previous work in cells and zebrafish showed that CCDC28B plays a role regulating cilia length in a mechanism that is not completely understood. Here we report the generation of a Ccdc28b mutant mouse using CRISPR/Cas9 (Ccdc28b mut). Depletion of CCDC28B resulted in a mild phenotype. Ccdc28b mut animals i) do not present clear structural cilia affectation, although we did observe mild defects in cilia density and cilia length in some tissues, ii) reproduce normally, and iii) do not develop retinal degeneration or obesity, two hallmark features of reported BBS murine models. In contrast, Ccdc28b mut mice did show clear social interaction defects as well as stereotypical behaviors. This finding is indeed relevant regarding CCDC28B as a modifier of BBS since behavioral phenotypes have been documented in BBS. Overall, this work reports a novel mouse model that will be key to continue evaluating genetic interactions in BBS, deciphering the contribution of CCDC28B to modulate the presentation of BBS phenotypes. In addition, our data underscores a novel link between CCDC28B and behavioral defects, providing a novel opportunity to further our understanding of the genetic, cellular, and molecular basis of these complex phenotypes. BBS is caused by mutations in any one of 22 genes known to date. In some families, BBS can be inherited as an oligogenic trait whereby mutations in more than one BBS gene collaborate in the presentation of the syndrome. In addition, CCDC28B was originally identified as a modifier of BBS, whereby a reduction in CCDC28B levels was associated with a more severe presentation of the syndrome. Different mechanisms, all relying on functional redundancy, have been proposed to explain these genetic interactions. The characterization of BBS proteins supported this functional redundancy hypothesis: BBS proteins play a role in cilia maintenance/function and subsets of BBS proteins can even interact directly in multiprotein complexes. We have previously shown that CCDC28B also participates in cilia biology regulating the length of the organelle: knockdown of CCDC28B in cells results in cilia shortening and targeting ccdc28b in zebrafish also results in early embryonic phenotypes characteristic of other cilia mutants. In this work, we generated a Ccdc28b mutant mouse to determine whether abrogating Ccdc28b function would be sufficient to cause a ciliopathy phenotype in mammals, and to generate a tool to continue dissecting its modifying role in the context of BBS. Overall, Ccdc28b mutant mice presented a mild phenotype, a finding fully compatible with its role as a modifier, rather than a causal BBS gene. In addition, we found that Ccdc28b mutants showed behavioral phenotypes, similar to the deficits observed in rodent autism spectrum disorder (ASD) models. Thus, our results underscore a novel causal link between CCDC28B and behavioral phenotypes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Fabregat
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sofía Niño-Rivero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sabrina Pose
- Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Bresque
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karina Hernández
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Prieto-Echagüe
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Geraldine Schlapp
- Laboratory Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martina Crispo
- Laboratory Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Lagos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Lago
- Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Escande
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Metabolic Diseases and Aging Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Irigoín
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail: (FI); (JLB)
| | - Jose L. Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- INDICyO Institutional Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- * E-mail: (FI); (JLB)
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7
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Inoue K, Fujie S, Horii N, Yamazaki H, Uchida M, Iemitsu M. Aerobic exercise training-induced follistatin-like 1 secretion in the skeletal muscle is related to arterial stiffness via arterial NO production in obese rats. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15300. [PMID: 35585770 PMCID: PMC9117810 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Follistatin‐like 1 (FSTL1), which is mainly secreted from skeletal muscle and myocardium, upregulates protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in vascular endothelial cells. It is unclear whether skeletal muscle‐ and myocardium‐derived FSTL1 secretion induced by aerobic exercise training is involved in the reduction of arterial stiffness via arterial NO production in obese rats. This study aimed to clarify whether aerobic exercise training‐induced FSTL1 secretion in myocardium and skeletal muscle is associated with a reduction in arterial stiffness via arterial Akt‐eNOS signaling pathway in obese rats. Sixteen Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) obese rats were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary control (OLETF‐CON) and eight‐week aerobic exercise training (treadmill for 60min at 25m/min, 5days/week, OLETF‐AT). Eight Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as a healthy sedentary control group. In OLETF‐CON, serum FSTL1, arterial Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, and arterial nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels were significantly lower, and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was significantly greater than those in LETO. These parameters were improved in the OLETF‐AT compared to the OLETF‐CON. In the OLETF‐AT, FSTL1 levels in slow‐twitch fiber‐rich soleus muscle were significantly greater than those in the OLETF‐CON, but not in myocardium, fast‐twitch fiber‐rich tibialis anterior muscle, and adipose tissue. Serum FSTL1 levels were positively correlated with soleus FSTL1, arterial eNOS phosphorylation, and NOx levels and negatively correlated with cfPWV. Thus, aerobic exercise training‐induced FSTL1 secretion in slow‐twitch fiber‐rich muscles may be associated with a reduction in arterial stiffness via arterial NO production in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Inoue
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Henry Yamazaki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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8
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Huang Z, Zhang Z, Moazzami Z, Heck R, Hu P, Nanda H, Ren K, Sun Z, Bartolomucci A, Gao Y, Chung D, Zhu W, Shen S, Ruan HB. Brown adipose tissue involution associated with progressive restriction in progenitor competence. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110575. [PMID: 35417710 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) undergoes progressive involution. This involution process is not recapitulated in rodents, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that the interscapular BAT (iBAT) of rabbits whitens rapidly during early adulthood. The transcriptomic remodeling and identity switch of mature adipocytes are accompanied by loss of brown adipogenic competence of progenitors. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that rabbit and human iBAT progenitors highly express the FSTL1 gene. When iBAT involutes in rabbits, adipocyte progenitors reduce FSTL1 expression and are refractory to brown adipogenic recruitment. Conversely, FSTL1 is constitutively expressed in mouse iBAT to sustain WNT signaling and prevent involution. Progenitor incompetence and iBAT paucity can be induced in mice by genetic deletion of the Fstl1 gene or ablation of Fstl1+ progenitors. Our results highlight the hierarchy and dynamics of the BAT progenitor compartment and implicate the functional incompetence of FSTL1-expressing progenitors in BAT involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Huang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zengdi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zahra Moazzami
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ryan Heck
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
| | - Hezkiel Nanda
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kaiqun Ren
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zequn Sun
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Steven Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hai-Bin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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9
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Dong H, Sun W, Shen Y, Baláz M, Balázová L, Ding L, Löffler M, Hamilton B, Klöting N, Blüher M, Neubauer H, Klein H, Wolfrum C. Identification of a regulatory pathway inhibiting adipogenesis via RSPO2. Nat Metab 2022; 4:90-105. [PMID: 35027768 PMCID: PMC8803606 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Healthy adipose tissue remodeling depends on the balance between de novo adipogenesis from adipogenic progenitor cells and the hypertrophy of adipocytes. De novo adipogenesis has been shown to promote healthy adipose tissue expansion, which confers protection from obesity-associated insulin resistance. Here, we define the role and trajectory of different adipogenic precursor subpopulations and further delineate the mechanism and cellular trajectory of adipogenesis, using single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of murine adipogenic precursors. We identify Rspo2 as a functional regulator of adipogenesis, which is secreted by a subset of CD142+ cells to inhibit maturation of early progenitors through the receptor Lgr4. Increased circulating RSPO2 in mice leads to adipose tissue hypertrophy and insulin resistance and increased RSPO2 levels in male obese individuals correlate with impaired glucose homeostasis. Taken together, these findings identify a complex cellular crosstalk that inhibits adipogenesis and impairs adipose tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Yang Shen
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Biberach, Germany
| | - Miroslav Baláz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Balázová
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Lianggong Ding
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Mona Löffler
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Biberach, Germany
| | - Bradford Hamilton
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Biberach, Germany
| | - Holger Klein
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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10
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Ghim M, Pang KT, Burnap SA, Baig F, Yin X, Arshad M, Mayr M, Weinberg PD. Endothelial cells exposed to atheroprotective flow secrete follistatin-like 1 protein which reduces transcytosis and inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2021; 333:56-66. [PMID: 34425528 PMCID: PMC8459397 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS When endothelium is cultured in wells swirled on an orbital shaker, cells at the well centre experience putatively atherogenic flow whereas those near the edge experience putatively atheroprotective flow. Transcellular transport is decreased equally in both regions, consistent with it being reduced by a mediator released from cells in one part of the well and mixed in the swirling medium. Similar effects have been inferred for pro-inflammatory changes. Here we identify the mediator and flow characteristics stimulating its release. METHODS AND RESULTS Medium conditioned by cells swirled at the edge, but not by cells swirled at the centre or cultured under static conditions, significantly reduced transendothelial transport of a low density lipoprotein (LDL)-sized tracer and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced activation and translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adhesion. Inhibiting transcytosis similarly decreased tracer transport. Unbiased proteomics revealed that cells from the swirled edge secreted substantially more follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) than cells from the swirled centre or from static wells. Exogenous FSTL1 reduced transport of the LDL-sized tracer and of LDL itself, as well as TNF-α-induced adhesion molecule expression. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) increased transport of the LDL-sized tracer and adhesion molecule expression; FSTL1 abolished these effects. CONCLUSIONS Putatively atheroprotective flow stimulates secretion of FSTL1 by cultured endothelial cells. FSTL1 reduces transcellular transport of LDL-sized particles and of LDL itself, and inhibits endothelial activation. If this also occurs in vivo, it may account for the atheroprotective nature of such flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mean Ghim
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kuin T Pang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sean A Burnap
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ferheen Baig
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Mehwish Arshad
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Peter D Weinberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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11
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Genome-Wide Association Study for Fatty Acid Composition in American Angus Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082424. [PMID: 34438882 PMCID: PMC8388739 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock is an important commodity playing a major role in the global economy. Red meat plays an important role in human life, as it is a good source of animal protein and energy. The fatty acid content of beef has been shown to impact the eating experience and nutritional value of beef. Therefore, this study aimed to identify genomic regions which can account for genetic variation in meat fatty acid content. Genotypes imputed to the Illumina BovineHD 770K BeadChip were used in this study. Thirty-six 1-Mb genomic regions with a posterior probability of inclusion (PPI) greater than 0.90 were identified to be associated with variation in the content of at least one fatty acid. The genomic regions (1Mb) which were associated with more than one fatty acid trait with high genetic variance and harbored good candidate genes were on Chromosome (Chr) 6 (fatty acid binding protein 2), Chr 19 (thyroid hormone receptor alpha, fatty acid synthase), Chr 26 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase), and Chr 29 (thyroid hormone responsive, fatty acid desaturase 2, and fatty acid desaturase 3). Further studies are required to identify the causal variants within the identified genomic regions. Findings from the present study will help to increase understanding of the variation in fatty acid content of beef and help to enhance selection for beef with improved fatty acid composition.
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12
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Follistatin-Like Proteins: Structure, Functions and Biomedical Importance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080999. [PMID: 34440203 PMCID: PMC8391210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Main forms of cellular signal transmission are known to be autocrine and paracrine signaling. Several cells secrete messengers called autocrine or paracrine agents that can bind the corresponding receptors on the surface of the cells themselves or their microenvironment. Follistatin and follistatin-like proteins can be called one of the most important bifunctional messengers capable of displaying both autocrine and paracrine activity. Whilst they are not as diverse as protein hormones or protein kinases, there are only five types of proteins. However, unlike protein kinases, there are no minor proteins among them; each follistatin-like protein performs an important physiological function. These proteins are involved in a variety of signaling pathways and biological processes, having the ability to bind to receptors such as DIP2A, TLR4, BMP and some others. The activation or experimentally induced knockout of the protein-coding genes often leads to fatal consequences for individual cells and the whole body as follistatin-like proteins indirectly regulate the cell cycle, tissue differentiation, metabolic pathways, and participate in the transmission chains of the pro-inflammatory intracellular signal. Abnormal course of these processes can cause the development of oncology or apoptosis, programmed cell death. There is still no comprehensive understanding of the spectrum of mechanisms of action of follistatin-like proteins, so the systematization and study of their cellular functions and regulation is an important direction of modern molecular and cell biology. Therefore, this review focuses on follistatin-related proteins that affect multiple targets and have direct or indirect effects on cellular signaling pathways, as well as to characterize the directions of their practical application in the field of biomedicine.
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13
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BBS4 Is Essential for Nuclear Transport of Transcription Factors Mediating Neuronal ER Stress Response. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:78-91. [PMID: 32894499 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive syndrome presenting with retinal dystrophy, cognitive impairment, and obesity. BBS is characterized by elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the early stages of adipocyte and retinal development. BBS expression in the CNS and indications of hippocampal dysgenesis suggest neural development abnormalities. However, the role of BBS in ER stress in neuronal cells has not yet been studied. Therefore, we aimed at studying the role of BBS4 in neuronal development under normal and ER stress conditions. ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) were studied in BBS4-silenced (SiBBS4) SH-SY5Y cells during differentiation under normal and stress states, using molecular and biochemical markers. ER stress was demonstrated at early neural differentiation, with significantly augmented expression of UPR markers corresponding to BBS4 expression. In the undifferentiated state, BBS4 silencing resulted in significantly reduced ER-stress markers' expression under normal and ER-stress states. Independent of ER stress, SiBBS4 cells demonstrated significant reduction in activated phospho-IRE1α. Under BBS4 silencing, both sXBP-1 and activated ATF6α p50 failed to translocate to the nucleus. Transcript levels of apoptosis markers were upregulated under BBS4 depletion and ER-stress induction, corresponding to decreased viability. BBS4 depletion in neuronal cells results in reduced sensitivity to ER stress during differentiation and under ER-stress induction, partly due to failure in translocation of ER-transcription factors (TF) sXBP-1 and ATF6α p50 to the nucleus. Hence, BBS4 is essential for nuclear transport under ER-stress response in neuronal cells during early differentiation. Our studies shed light on molecular mechanisms through which BBS4 malfunction alters neuronal ER stress response.
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14
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Adomshick V, Pu Y, Veiga-Lopez A. Automated lipid droplet quantification system for phenotypic analysis of adipocytes using CellProfiler. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:378-387. [PMID: 32208812 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1747124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation is the process by which preadipocytes become mature adipocytes, cells that store energy and regulate metabolic homeostasis. During differentiation, neutral lipids that accumulate in adipocytes can be detected using stains and used as an index of cell differentiation. However, imaging tools for evaluating intracellular lipid droplets remain at their infancy. Nutrition, stress, or chemical exposure can dysregulate adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism. Therefore, the aims of this study were to develop an accurate, standardized approach to quantify lipid droplet size of mature adipocytes and a clustering approach to analyze the total lipid content per adipocyte. For the lipid droplet analysis, we used two approaches, the free online computer software of reference, ImageJ, and another free online computer software, CellProfiler. For ImageJ, we used an already developed macro designed to identify particles and quantify their area, and for CellProfiler, we developed a new analysis pipeline. Our results show that CellProfiler is able to accurately identify a greater number of lipid droplets compared to ImageJ. A clustering analysis is also possible using CellProfiler which allows for the quantification of total lipid content per individual adipocyte to provide insight into single-cell responsiveness to adipogenic stimuli. CellProfiler streamlines the lipid droplet phenotypic analysis of adipocytes compared to more traditional analysis methods. In conclusion, this novel image analysis tool can provide a more precise evaluation of lipid droplet and adipogenesis dysregulation, a critical need in the understanding of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Adomshick
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yong Pu
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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15
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Odabasi E, Gul S, Kavakli IH, Firat-Karalar EN. Centriolar satellites are required for efficient ciliogenesis and ciliary content regulation. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201947723. [PMID: 31023719 PMCID: PMC6549029 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriolar satellites are ubiquitous in vertebrate cells. They have recently emerged as key regulators of centrosome/cilium biogenesis, and their mutations are linked to ciliopathies. However, their precise functions and mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, we generated a kidney epithelial cell line (IMCD3) lacking satellites by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PCM1 deletion and investigated the cellular and molecular consequences of satellite loss. Cells lacking satellites still formed full-length cilia but at significantly lower numbers, with changes in the centrosomal and cellular levels of key ciliogenesis factors. Using these cells, we identified new ciliary functions of satellites such as regulation of ciliary content, Hedgehog signaling, and epithelial cell organization in three-dimensional cultures. However, other functions of satellites, namely proliferation, cell cycle progression, and centriole duplication, were unaffected in these cells. Quantitative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed that loss of satellites affects transcription scarcely, but significantly alters the proteome. Importantly, the centrosome proteome mostly remains unaltered in the cells lacking satellites. Together, our findings identify centriolar satellites as regulators of efficient cilium assembly and function and provide insight into disease mechanisms of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Odabasi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seref Gul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim H Kavakli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Anosov M, Birk R. Bardet-Biedl syndrome obesity: BBS4 regulates cellular ER stress in early adipogenesis. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:495-503. [PMID: 30902542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy, presenting with early obesity onset. The etiology of BBS obesity involves both central and peripheral defects, through mechanisms mostly yet to be deciphered. We previously showed BBS4 expression in adipogenesis, peaking at day 3 of differentiation. Obesity is characterized by cellular stress which promotes pathological consequences. AIMS We set out to test a possible role of BBS4 in adipocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolding protein response (UPR). METHODS BBS4 silenced (SiBBS4) and overexpressing (OEBBS4) pre-adipocyte murine cell lines were subjected to ER-stress induction (Tunicamycin, TM) during adipogenesis. ER-stress UPR was analyzed at the transcript, protein and biochemical levels (microscopy, immunocytochemistry, western blotting, quantitative RT-PCR and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) splicing). RESULTS In silico analysis showed that BBS4 harbors an ER localization sequences indicative of ER localization. We verified BBS4's ER localization in adipocytes by immunocytochemistry and cellular protein fractionation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BBS4 expression is significantly up-regulated by ER-stress, as indicated by protein and transcript levels. SiBBS4 adipocytes exhibited swollen ER typical to ER-stress and significant XBP-1 down-regulation at day 3 of differentiation. Following ER-stress, SiBBS4 adipocytes exhibited XBP-1 ER retention, failure to translocate to the nucleus and depletion of the nuclear active cleaved ATF6α. BBS4 did not alter ATF6α processing by S1P and S2P in the Golgi. Notably, SiBBS4 cells demonstrated significant reduction in the downstream activated phospho-IRE1α, independent of ER-stress. CONCLUSIONS At day 3 of adipogenesis, coinciding with the timing of its peak expression, BBS4 is localized to the ER and is involved in the ER stress response and trafficking. BBS4 depletion results in swollen ER with impaired intracellular nucleus translocation of XBP-1 and ATF6α. Thus, BBS4 affects the ER stress response in early adipogenesis, altering ER stress responsiveness and the adipocyte ER phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Anosov
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Israel.
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17
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Uytingco CR, Williams CL, Xie C, Shively DT, Green WW, Ukhanov K, Zhang L, Nishimura DY, Sheffield VC, Martens JR. BBS4 is required for intraflagellar transport coordination and basal body number in mammalian olfactory cilia. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs222331. [PMID: 30665891 PMCID: PMC6432715 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Beidl syndrome (BBS) manifests from genetic mutations encoding for one or more BBS proteins. BBS4 loss impacts olfactory ciliation and odor detection, yet the cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that Bbs4-/- mice exhibit shorter and fewer olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) cilia despite retaining odorant receptor localization. Within Bbs4-/- OSN cilia, we observed asynchronous rates of IFT-A/B particle movements, indicating miscoordination in IFT complex trafficking. Within the OSN dendritic knob, the basal bodies are dynamic, with incorporation of ectopically expressed centrin-2 and γ-tubulin occurring after nascent ciliogenesis. Importantly, BBS4 loss results in the reduction of basal body numbers separate from cilia loss. Adenoviral expression of BBS4 restored OSN cilia lengths and was sufficient to re-establish odor detection, but failed to rescue ciliary and basal body numbers. Our results yield a model for the plurality of BBS4 functions in OSNs that includes intraciliary and periciliary roles that can explain the loss of cilia and penetrance of ciliopathy phenotypes in olfactory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric R Uytingco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Corey L Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dana T Shively
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Warren W Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Val C Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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18
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Mattiotti A, Prakash S, Barnett P, van den Hoff MJB. Follistatin-like 1 in development and human diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2339-2354. [PMID: 29594389 PMCID: PMC5986856 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a secreted glycoprotein displaying expression changes during development and disease, among which cardiovascular disease, cancer, and arthritis. The cardioprotective role of FSTL1 has been intensively studied over the last years, though its mechanism of action remains elusive. FSTL1 is involved in multiple signaling pathways and biological processes, including vascularization and regulation of the immune response, a feature that complicates its study. Binding to the DIP2A, TLR4 and BMP receptors have been shown, but other molecular partners probably exist. During cancer progression and rheumatoid arthritis, controversial data have been reported with respect to the proliferative, apoptotic, migratory, and inflammatory effects of FSTL1. This controversy might reside in the extensive post-transcriptional regulation of FSTL1. The FSTL1 primary transcript also encodes for a microRNA (miR-198) in primates and multiple microRNA-binding sites are present in the 3'UTR. The switch between expression of the FSTL1 protein and miR-198 is an important regulator of tumour metastasis and wound healing. The glycosylation state of FSTL1 is a determinant of biological activity, in cardiomyocytes the glycosylated form promoting proliferation and the non-glycosylated working anti-apoptotic. Moreover, the glycosylation state shows differences between species and tissues which might underlie the differences observed in in vitro studies. Finally, regulation at the level of protein secretion has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mattiotti
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuti Prakash
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice J B van den Hoff
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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