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Zhan T, Song W, Jing G, Yuan Y, Kang N, Zhang Q. Zebrafish live imaging: a strong weapon in anticancer drug discovery and development. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1807-1835. [PMID: 38514602 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing anticancer drugs is a complex and time-consuming process. The inability of current laboratory models to reflect important aspects of the tumor in vivo limits anticancer medication research. Zebrafish is a rapid, semi-automated in vivo screening platform that enables the use of non-invasive imaging methods to monitor morphology, survival, developmental status, response to drugs, locomotion, or other behaviors. Zebrafish models are widely used in drug discovery and development for anticancer drugs, especially in conjunction with live imaging techniques. Herein, we concentrated on the use of zebrafish live imaging in anticancer therapeutic research, including drug screening, efficacy assessment, toxicity assessment, and mechanism studies. Zebrafish live imaging techniques have been used in numerous studies, but this is the first time that these techniques have been comprehensively summarized and compared side by side. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis of Zebrafish Composite Model, which may provide future directions for zebrafish imaging in the field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Zhan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqian Song
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Jing
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Yuan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Biersack B, Höpfner M. Emerging role of MYB transcription factors in cancer drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:15. [PMID: 38835346 PMCID: PMC11149108 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Decades ago, the viral myeloblastosis oncogene v-myb was identified as a gene responsible for the development of avian leukemia. However, the relevance of MYB proteins for human cancer diseases, in particular for solid tumors, remained basically unrecognized for a very long time. The human family of MYB transcription factors comprises MYB (c-MYB), MYBL2 (b-MYB), and MYBL1 (a-MYB), which are overexpressed in several cancers and are associated with cancer progression and resistance to anticancer drugs. In addition to overexpression, the presence of activated MYB-fusion proteins as tumor drivers was described in certain cancers. The identification of anticancer drug resistance mediated by MYB proteins and their underlying mechanisms are of great importance in understanding failures of current therapies and establishing new and more efficient therapy regimens. In addition, new drug candidates targeting MYB transcription factor activity and signaling have emerged as a promising class of potential anticancer therapeutics that could tackle MYB-dependent drug-resistant cancers in a more selective way. This review describes the correlation of MYB transcription factors with the formation and persistence of cancer resistance to various approved and investigational anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute for Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
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3
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Cicirò Y, Ragusa D, Nevado PT, Lattanzio R, Sala G, DesRochers T, Millard M, Andersson MK, Stenman G, Sala A. The mitotic checkpoint kinase BUB1 is a direct and actionable target of MYB in adenoid cystic carcinoma. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:252-265. [PMID: 38112379 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a head and neck cancer that frequently originates in salivary glands, but can also strike other exocrine glands such as the breast. A key molecular alteration found in the majority of ACC cases is MYB gene rearrangements, leading to activation of the oncogenic transcription factor MYB. In this study, we used immortalised breast epithelial cells and an inducible MYB transgene as a model of ACC. Molecular profiling confirmed that MYB-driven gene expression causes a transition into an ACC-like state. Using this new cell model, we identified BUB1 as a targetable kinase directly controlled by MYB, whose pharmacological inhibition caused MYB-dependent synthetic lethality, growth arrest and apoptosis of patient-derived cells and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Cicirò
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Molecular Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Denise Ragusa
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Genomic Engineering and Maintenance (CenGEM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Paloma Tejera Nevado
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST); Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST); Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | | | - Mattias K Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Stenman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arturo Sala
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Molecular Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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4
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Yan HHN, Chan AS, Lai FPL, Leung SY. Organoid cultures for cancer modeling. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:917-937. [PMID: 37315564 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organoids derived from adult stem cells (ASCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are important preclinical models for studying cancer and developing therapies. Here, we review primary tissue-derived and PSC-derived cancer organoid models and detail how they have the potential to inform personalized medical approaches in different organ contexts and contribute to the understanding of early carcinogenic steps, cancer genomes, and biology. We also compare the differences between ASC- and PSC-based cancer organoid systems, discuss their limitations, and highlight recent improvements to organoid culture approaches that have helped to make them an even better representation of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H N Yan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - April S Chan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frank Pui-Ling Lai
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China; Jockey Club Centre for Clinical Innovation and Discovery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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5
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Rani AQ, Nurmemet D, Liffick J, Khan A, Mitchell D, Li J, Zhao B, Liu X. Conditional Cell Reprogramming and Air-Liquid Interface Modeling Life Cycle of Oncogenic Viruses (HPV and EBV) in Epithelial Cells and Virus-Associated Human Carcinomas. Viruses 2023; 15:1388. [PMID: 37376685 DOI: 10.3390/v15061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several oncogenic viruses are associated with approximately 20% of human cancers. Experimental models are crucial for studying the pathogenicity and biological aspects of oncogenic viruses and their potential mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Current cell models have considerable limitations such as: their low yield, genetic and epigenetic modification, and reduction in tumor heterogeneity during long propagation. Cancer cell lines are limited and not appropriate for studying the viral life cycle, for example, natural viral life cycles of HPV and EBV, and their persistence and latency in epithelial cells are poorly understood, since these processes are highly related to epithelial differentiation. Therefore, there is an urgent need of reliable human physiological cell models to study viral life cycle and cancer initiation. Conditional cell reprogramming (CCR) is a rapid and robust cell culture system, where the cells can be established from minimally invasive or noninvasive specimens and their lineage functions preserved during the long-term culture. These CR cells retain their ability to differentiate at air-liquid interface (ALI). Here, we recapitulated the applications of CR and ALI approaches in modeling host-virus interactions and viral-mediated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qawee Rani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dilber Nurmemet
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph Liffick
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anam Khan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Darrion Mitchell
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Departments of Pathology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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6
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Li X, Li M. The application of zebrafish patient-derived xenograft tumor models in the development of antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:212-236. [PMID: 36029178 DOI: 10.1002/med.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cost of antitumor drug development is enormous, yet the clinical outcomes are less than satisfactory. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop effective drug screening methods that enable accurate, rapid, and high-throughput discovery of lead compounds in the process of preclinical antitumor drug research. An effective solution is to use the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor animal models, which are applicable for the elucidation of tumor pathogenesis and the preclinical testing of novel antitumor compounds. As a promising screening model organism, zebrafish has been widely applied in the construction of the PDX tumor model and the discovery of antineoplastic agents. Herein, we systematically survey the recent cutting-edge advances in zebrafish PDX models (zPDX) for studies of pathogenesis mechanisms and drug screening. In addition, the techniques used in the construction of zPDX are summarized. The advantages and limitations of the zPDX are also discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects of zPDX in drug discovery, translational medicine, and clinical precision medicine treatment are well presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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7
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Saleh E, Ukwas A. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Salivary Glands: A Ten-Year Review and an Assessment of the Current Management, Surgery, Radiotherapy, and Chemotherapy. Int J Otolaryngol 2023; 2023:7401458. [PMID: 37159817 PMCID: PMC10163974 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7401458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer that arises from the salivary glands and other sites in the body, such as the lung and breast. Although the tumor accounts for 10% of all salivary gland malignancies, it only accounts for 1% of head and neck malignancies. It can affect both major and minor salivary glands; here, it is called salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma or SACC, with a slight predilection to the latter, and commonly manifests between the 6th and 7th decades of life. The disease also shows a slight female predilection, with a reported female to male ratio of 3 : 2. Lesions of SACC are often insidious and slow-growing, and symptoms such as pain and altered sensation are frequently associated with advanced stages of the disease. Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by perineural invasion (PNI), a distinctive feature that potentially plays a significant role in the tumor's relapse and recurrence, which is approximately 50%. The disease is not prevalent, and its etiopathogenesis is poorly understood, although several genetic patterns and biomarkers have been linked to its initiation and/or progression. The discovery of these mutations and biomarkers has encouraged several clinical studies to use therapeutic agents to target the specific receptors on the cancer cells to potentially prevent further proliferation of the tumor cells and metastasis of the disease. Diagnosis of SACC is often challenging and frequently requires a combination of clinical examination, imaging, and histopathology. Management of SACC is primarily surgical excision, while radiotherapy has shown to be effective in improving local control in cases with microscopic residual disease. However, treatment of recurrent or metastatic tumors by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy has so far shown limited success. The aim of this thesis is to provide an update of literature on SACC with a particular focus on the latest management approaches and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad Saleh
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Long Y, Xie B, Shen HC, Wen D. Translation Potential and Challenges of In Vitro and Murine Models in Cancer Clinic. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233868. [PMID: 36497126 PMCID: PMC9741314 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the leading causes of death from disease, cancer continues to pose a serious threat to human health globally. Despite the development of novel therapeutic regimens and drugs, the long-term survival of cancer patients is still very low, especially for those whose diagnosis is not caught early enough. Meanwhile, our understanding of tumorigenesis is still limited. Suitable research models are essential tools for exploring cancer mechanisms and treatments. Herein we review and compare several widely used in vitro and in vivo murine cancer models, including syngeneic tumor models, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM), cell line-derived xenografts (CDX), patient-derived xenografts (PDX), conditionally reprogrammed (CR) cells, organoids, and MiniPDX. We will summarize the methodology and feasibility of various models in terms of their advantages and limitations in the application prospects for drug discovery and development and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Long
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong C. Shen
- China Innovation Center of Roche, Roche R & D Center, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.S.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-21-68585628 (D.W.)
| | - Danyi Wen
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.S.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-21-68585628 (D.W.)
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9
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Xiao J, McGill JR, Nasir A, Lekan A, Johnson B, Wilkins DJ, Pearson GW, Tanner K, Goodarzi H, Glasgow E, Schlegel R, Agarwal S. Identifying drivers of breast cancer metastasis in progressively invasive subpopulations of zebrafish-xenografted MDA-MB-231. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:16. [PMID: 35614362 PMCID: PMC9133282 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of the high mortality rate among human cancers. Efforts to identify therapeutic agents targeting cancer metastasis frequently fail to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials despite strong preclinical evidence. Until recently, most preclinical studies used mouse models to evaluate anti-metastatic agents. Mouse models are time-consuming and expensive. In addition, an important drawback is that mouse models inadequately model the early stages of metastasis which plausibly leads to the poor correlation with clinical outcomes. Here, we report an in vivo model based on xenografted zebrafish embryos where we select for progressively invasive subpopulations of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. A subpopulation analogous to circulating tumor cells found in human cancers was selected by injection of MDA-MB-231 cells into the yolk sacs of 2 days post-fertilized zebrafish embryos and selecting cells that migrated to the tail. The selected subpopulation derived from MDA-MB-231 cells were increasingly invasive in zebrafish. Isolation of these subpopulations and propagation in vitro revealed morphological changes consistent with activation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. Differential gene analysis and knockdown of genes identified gene-candidates (DDIT4, MT1X, CTSD, and SERPINE1) as potential targets for anti-metastasis therapeutics. Furthermore, RNA-splicing analysis reinforced the importance of BIRC5 splice variants in breast cancer metastasis. This is the first report using zebrafish to isolate and expand progressively invasive populations of human cancer cells. The model has potential applications in understanding the metastatic process, identification and/or development of therapeutics that specifically target metastatic cells and formulating personalized treatment strategies for individual cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph R McGill
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Apsra Nasir
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alexander Lekan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bailey Johnson
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devan J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Gray W Pearson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Hu Q, Li Y, Chen H, Liao H, He Y, Zheng Q. CCDC88A Post-Transcriptionally Regulates VEGF via miR-101 and Subsequently Regulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859331. [PMID: 35493459 PMCID: PMC9043556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miR-101 is one of the most abundantly expressed microRNA (miRNA) and exerst a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by targeting to 3’ -untranslated region (UTR) of Girders of actin filaments (CCDC88A) and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of CCDC88A on malignancies and stemness by regulating VEGF via miR-101 in HCC. Methods Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was employed to analyze the relevance of CCDC88A expression with prognosis in HCC. Tissue slides were performed to confirm the protein level of CCDC88A in HCC. Correlation between CCDC88A and VEGF was transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally detected, followed by evaluation of malignancies. Results By employing Immunohistochemistry, we found CCDC88A protein was upregulated in HCC tissues, which is closely correlated to poor prognosis and survival rate. Employment of GEPIA revealed the positive correlation between CCDC88A and VEGF in HCC, but not in liver tissue. Silencing of CCDC88A in Huh-7 and SK-HEP-1 cells significantly decreased proliferation, cell cycle phases, migration, invasion, colony formation, and tumor formation. Introduction of miR-101 mimics specifically targeting CCDC88A and VEGF decreased protein levels of both CCDC88A and VEGFA. Notably, inhibition of miR-101 reversed the correlation between CCDC88A and VEGFA protein levels, indicating that CCDC88A and VEGF may exert as a miR-101 sponge. The addition of SKLB1002, a VEGFR2 inhibitor inhibited malignant behaviors, which was further inhibited by the introduction of miR-101 mimics, indicating that CCDC88A regulates malignant behaviors partially via regulating VEGF. Moreover, CCDC88A also promotes the stemness of cancer stem-like cells derived from HCC cells depending on VEGF modification. Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggested that the miR-101/CCDC88A/VEGF axis could be a potential therapeutic target of HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongying Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongqing Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Zheng,
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11
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A Contemporary Review of Molecular Therapeutic Targets for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040992. [PMID: 35205740 PMCID: PMC8869877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a salivary malignancy known for slow growth, a propensity for perineural spread, local recurrence following resection, and indolent distant metastases. Current treatments in recurrent/metastatic (R/M) ACC are generally of limited impact and often palliative in nature. Herein, we review the preclinical and clinical literature on molecular alterations in ACC with the potential for targeted therapeutics. We further review other molecular targets of ongoing investigation and active clinical trials for patients with ACC, offering a contemporary summary and insight into future therapeutic strategies. Abstract ACC is a rare malignant tumor of the salivary glands. In this contemporary review, we explore advances in identification of targetable alterations and clinical trials testing these druggable targets. A search of relevant articles and abstracts from national meetings and three databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science, was performed. Following keyword search analysis and double peer review of abstracts to ensure appropriate fit, a total of 55 manuscripts were included in this review detailing advances in molecular targets for ACC. The most researched pathway associated with ACC is the MYB–NFIB translocation, found to lead to dysregulation of critical cellular pathways and thought to be a fundamental driver in a subset of ACC disease pathogenesis. Other notable molecular targets that have been studied include the cKIT receptor, the EGFR pathway, and NOTCH1, all with limited efficacy in clinical trials. The ongoing investigation of molecular abnormalities underpinning ACC that may be responsible for carcinogenesis is critical to identifying and developing novel targeted therapies.
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12
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Salivary gland cancer in the setting of tumor microenvironment: Translational routes for therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 171:103605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Alkhilaiwi F. Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells and Robotic High-Throughput Screening for Precision Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:761986. [PMID: 34737964 PMCID: PMC8560709 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.761986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease that takes the lives of millions of people globally every year. Precision cancer therapy is based on a patient's tumor histopathology, expression analyses, and/or tumor RNA or DNA analysis. Only 2%-20% of patients with solid tumors benefit from genomics-based precision oncology. Therefore, functional diagnostics and patient-derived cancer models are needed for precision cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the potential use of conditional cell reprogramming (CR) and robotic high-throughput screening in precision cancer medicine. Briefly, the CR method includes the co-culturing of irradiated Swiss-3T3-J2 mouse fibroblast cells alongside digested primary non-pathogenic or pathogenic cells with the existence of Rho-associated serine-threonine protein kinase inhibitor called Y-27632, creating an exterior culture environment, allowing the cells to have the ability to gain partial properties of stem cells. On the other hand, quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) assays screen thousands of compounds that use cells in a short period of time. The combination of both technologies has the potential to become a driving force for precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alkhilaiwi
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Sahara S, Herzog AE, Nör JE. Systemic therapies for salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4092-4110. [PMID: 34659878 PMCID: PMC8493384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a slow growing, but relentless cancer. Due to its rarity and lack of understanding of its molecular etiology, no standard chemotherapy for ACC currently exists and many patients suffer from recurrent and/or metastatic disease. As such, development of safe and effective therapies is imperative. To describe and summarize existing clinical trial studies and preclinical discoveries, we surveyed the PubMed on developmental therapeutics for ACC. Objective response rates to monotherapy with cytotoxic agents were approximately 10% with cisplatin, 5-FU, gemcitabine, mitoxantrone, epirubicin, vinorelbine and paclitaxel. The most studied combination therapies were cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-cisplatin (CAP) and cisplatin-vinorelbine, with an objective response rate of 18-31%. Among molecularly targeted drugs, the most studied drugs are inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Among those, lenvatinib and axitinib showed a relatively high objective response rate of 11-16% and 9-17%, respectively. Given high recurrence rates and chemoresistance of ACC, treatments targeting cancer stem cells (CSC), which function as tumor-initiating cells and drive chemoresistance, may be particularly valuable. CSC have been shown to be targetable via MYB, Notch1, p53 and epigenetic mechanisms. Myb overexpression is characteristic in ACC but was previously thought to present a difficult target due to its nature as a transcription factor. However, due to the development Myb-targeted inhibitors and an ongoing clinical trial of MYB-targeted cancer vaccine therapy, MYB is becoming an increasingly attractive therapeutic target. Drugs targeting NOTCH signaling demonstrated 5-17% response rate in phase I clinical trials. Within the field of epigenetics, treatment with PRMT5 inhibitors has shown 21% partial response rate in phase I clinical trial. Immunotherapies, such as PD-1 inhibitors, are also associated with CSC, but have not been effective against ACC. However, clinical trials of cancer vaccine therapies are actively being conducted. In addition to conventional chemotherapies and inhibitors of angiogenesis, the emergence of new therapies such as immunotherapy and those targeting cancer stemness is expected to bring clinical benefits to patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosuke Sahara
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Alexandra E Herzog
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, USA
| | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of EngineeringAnn Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer CenterAnn Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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15
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Lubin A, Otterstrom J, Hoade Y, Bjedov I, Stead E, Whelan M, Gestri G, Paran Y, Payne E. A versatile, automated and high-throughput drug screening platform for zebrafish embryos. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio058513. [PMID: 34472582 PMCID: PMC8430230 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish provide a unique opportunity for drug screening in living animals, with the fast-developing, transparent embryos allowing for relatively high-throughput, microscopy-based screens. However, the limited availability of rapid, flexible imaging and analysis platforms has limited the use of zebrafish in drug screens. We have developed an easy-to-use, customisable automated screening procedure suitable for high-throughput phenotype-based screens of live zebrafish. We utilised the WiScan® Hermes High Content Imaging System to rapidly acquire brightfield and fluorescent images of embryos, and the WiSoft® Athena Zebrafish Application for analysis, which harnesses an Artificial Intelligence-driven algorithm to automatically detect fish in brightfield images, identify anatomical structures, partition the animal into regions and exclusively select the desired side-oriented fish. Our initial validation combined structural analysis with fluorescence images to enumerate GFP-tagged haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the tails of embryos, which correlated with manual counts. We further validated this system to assess the effects of genetic mutations and X-ray irradiation in high content using a wide range of assays. Further, we performed simultaneous analysis of multiple cell types using dual fluorophores in high throughput. In summary, we demonstrate a broadly applicable and rapidly customisable platform for high-content screening in zebrafish. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lubin
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | - Yvette Hoade
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ivana Bjedov
- Research Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Eleanor Stead
- Research Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Matthew Whelan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6AR, UK
| | - Yael Paran
- IDEA Bio-Medical Ltd., Rehovot 76705, Israel
| | - Elspeth Payne
- Research Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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16
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Zhao R, Li R, An T, Liu X. Conditional Cell Reprogramming in Modeling Digestive System Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:669756. [PMID: 34150763 PMCID: PMC8211013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.669756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive diseases have become an important source of morbidity and mortality. The considerable financial and health burdens caused by digestive diseases confirm the importance of extensive research to better understand and treat these diseases. The development of reliable preclinical models is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of digestive diseases and developing treatment and prevention methods. However, traditional established cell lines and animal models still have many limitations in the study of the digestive system. Conditional reprogramming (CR) cell culture is a newly developed primary technology that uses irradiated Swiss-3T3-J2 mouse fibroblast cells and the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 to rapidly and efficiently generate many cells from diseased and normal tissues. CR cells (CRCs) can be reprogrammed to maintain a highly proliferative state and recapitulate the histological and genomic features of the original tissue. Moreover, after removing these conditions, the phenotype was completely reversible. Therefore, CR technology may represent an ideal model to study digestive system diseases, to test drug sensitivity, to perform gene profile analysis, and to undertake xenograft research and regenerative medicine. Indeed, together with organoid cultures, CR technology has been recognized as one of the key new technologies by NIH precision oncology and also used for NCI human cancer model initiatives (HCMI) program with ATCC. In this article, we review studies that use CR technology to conduct research on diseases of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianqi An
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,Departments of Pathology and Urology, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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17
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Wu M, Hong G, Chen Y, Ye L, Zhang K, Cai K, Yang H, Long X, Gao W, Li H. Personalized drug testing in a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer using cultured cancer cells from pleural effusion. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520955058. [PMID: 32954884 PMCID: PMC7509736 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520955058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and primary or acquired resistance do not respond to targeted drugs. We explored whether cancer cells can be cultured from liquid biopsies from patients with primary resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We aimed to predict patients’ responses to drugs according to in vitro drug testing results. Methods Cancer cell cultures were established from the pleural effusion of a patient with TKI-resistant NSCLC using a conditional reprogramming technique. Phenotypic drug sensitivity tests were performed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. We tested individual drugs and compared the synergistic and inhibitory effects of drug combinations. Results The results of our in vitro sensitivity test using the combination of cisplatin and pemetrexed were correlated with the patient’s response. Conclusion This represents the first successful report of predictive testing for combination therapy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant NSCLC and primary TKI resistance. This strategy should be applicable to both chemotherapies and targeted therapies, and it will significantly improve the clinical treatment and management of patients with NSCLC and primary or acquired resistance to targeted therapies, as well as patients lacking targetable mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodai Hong
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lina Ye
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaihong Cai
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huadong Yang
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Long
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Gao
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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18
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Li Z, Zheng W, Wang H, Cheng Y, Fang Y, Wu F, Sun G, Sun G, Lv C, Hui B. Application of Animal Models in Cancer Research: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2455-2475. [PMID: 33758544 PMCID: PMC7979343 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s302565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models refers to the animal experimental objects and related materials that can simulate human body established in medical research. As the second-largest disease in terms of morbidity and mortality after cardiovascular disease, cancer has always been the focus of human attention all over the world, which makes it a research hotspot in the medical field. At the same time, more and more animal models have been constructed and used in cancer research. With the deepening of research, the construction methods of cancer animal models are becoming more and more diverse, including chemical induction, xenotransplantation, gene programming, and so on. In recent years, patient-derived xenotransplantation (PDX) model has become a research hotspot because it can retain the microenvironment of the primary tumor and the basic characteristics of cells. Animal models can be used not only to study the biochemical and physiological processes of the occurrence and development of cancer in objects but also for the screening of cancer drugs and the exploration of gene therapy. In this paper, several main tumor animal models and the application progress of animal models in tumor research are systematically reviewed. Finally, combined with the latest progress and development trend in this field, the future research of tumor animal model was prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wubin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijiao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqing Hui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Takada K, Aizawa Y, Sano D, Okuda R, Sekine K, Ueno Y, Yamanaka S, Aoyama J, Sato K, Kuwahara T, Hatano T, Takahashi H, Arai Y, Nishimura G, Taniguchi H, Oridate N. Establishment of PDX-derived salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines using organoid culture method. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:193-202. [PMID: 32984947 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To generate a reliable preclinical model system exhibiting the molecular features of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) whose biology is still unclear due to the paucity of stable cell cultures. To develop new in vitro and in vivo models of ACC, the techniques of organoid culture and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX), which have attracted attention in other malignancies in recent years, were applied. Tumor specimens from surgically resected salivary ACC were proceeded for the preparation of PDX and organoid culture. The orthotopic transplantation of patient-derived or PDX-derived organoids was demonstrated into submandibular glands of NSG mice and those histology was evaluated. PDX-derived organoid cells were evaluated for the presence of MYB-mediated fusion genes and proceeded for in vitro drug sensitivity assay. Human ACC-derived organoids were successfully generated in three-dimensional culture and confirmed the ability of these cells to form tumors by orthotopic injection. Short-term organoid cell cultures from two individual ACC PDX tumors were also established that maintain the characteristic MYBL1 translocation and histological features of the original parent and PDX tumors. Finally, the establishment of drug sensitivity tests on these short-term cultured cells was confirmed using three different agents. This is the first to report an approach for the generation of human ACC-derived organoids as in vitro and in vivo cancer models, providing insights into understanding of the ACC biology and creating personalized therapy design for patients with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Aizawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryo Okuda
- Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Head Human Retina and Organoid Development Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ueno
- Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamanaka
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Aoyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaname Sato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsu Kuwahara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Hatano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Arai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Goshi Nishimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Oridate
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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20
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Targen S, Kaya T, Avci ME, Gunes D, Keskus AG, Konu O. ZenoFishDb v1.1: A Database for Xenotransplantation Studies in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2020; 17:305-318. [PMID: 32931381 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly accumulating literature has proven feasibility of the zebrafish xenograft models in cancer research. Nevertheless, online databases for searching the current zebrafish xenograft literature are in great demand. Herein, we have developed a manually curated database, called ZenoFishDb v1.1 (https://konulab.shinyapps.io/zenofishdb), based on R Shiny platform aiming to provide searchable information on ever increasing collection of zebrafish studies for cancer cell line transplantation and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). ZenoFishDb v1.1 user interface contains four modules: DataTable, Visualization, PDX Details, and PDX Charts. The DataTable and Visualization pages represent xenograft study details, including injected cell lines, PDX injections, molecular modifications of cell lines, zebrafish strains, as well as technical aspects of the xenotransplantation procedures in table, bar, and/or pie chart formats. The PDX Details module provides comprehensive information on the patient details in table format and can be searched and visualized. Overall, ZenoFishDb v1.1 enables researchers to effectively search, list, and visualize different technical and biological attributes of zebrafish xenotransplantation studies particularly focusing on the new trends that make use of reporters, RNA interference, overexpression, or mutant gene constructs of transplanted cancer cells, stem cells, and PDXs, as well as distinguished host modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seniye Targen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğberk Kaya
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Ender Avci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Damla Gunes
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gokce Keskus
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Schuch LF, Silveira FM, Wagner VP, Borgato GB, Rocha GZ, Castilho RM, Vargas PA, Martins MD. Head and neck cancer patient-derived xenograft models - A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 155:103087. [PMID: 32992152 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) involve the direct surgical transfer of fresh human tumor samples to immunodeficient mice. This systematic review aimed to identify publications of head and neck cancer PDX (HNC-PDX) models, describing the main methodological characteristics and outcomes. METHODS An electronic search was undertaken in four databases, including publications having used HNC-PDX. Data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS 63 articles were yielded. The nude mouse was one most commonly animal model used (38.8 %), and squamous cell carcinoma accounted for the majority of HNC-PDX (80.6 %). Tumors were mostly implanted in the flank (86.3 %), and the latency period ranged from 30 to 401 days. The successful rate ranged from 17 % to 100 %. Different drugs and pathways were identified. CONCLUSION HNC-PDX appears to significantly recapitulate the morphology of the original HNC and represents a valuable method in translational research for the assessment of the in vivo effect of novel therapies for HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren F Schuch
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Silveira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian P Wagner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriell B Borgato
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z Rocha
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Pablo A Vargas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoela D Martins
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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22
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Cabezas-Sáinz P, Pensado-López A, Sáinz B, Sánchez L. Modeling Cancer Using Zebrafish Xenografts: Drawbacks for Mimicking the Human Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 9:E1978. [PMID: 32867288 PMCID: PMC7564051 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first steps towards establishing xenografts in zebrafish embryos were performed by Lee et al., 2005 and Haldi et al., 2006, paving the way for studying human cancers using this animal species. Since then, the xenograft technique has been improved in different ways, ranging from optimizing the best temperature for xenografted embryo incubation, testing different sites for injection of human tumor cells, and even developing tools to study how the host interacts with the injected cells. Nonetheless, a standard protocol for performing xenografts has not been adopted across laboratories, and further research on the temperature, microenvironment of the tumor or the cell-host interactions inside of the embryo during xenografting is still needed. As a consequence, current non-uniform conditions could be affecting experimental results in terms of cell proliferation, invasion, or metastasis; or even overestimating the effects of some chemotherapeutic drugs on xenografted cells. In this review, we highlight and raise awareness regarding the different aspects of xenografting that need to be improved in order to mimic, in a more efficient way, the human tumor microenvironment, resulting in more robust and accurate in vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cabezas-Sáinz
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (A.P.-L.)
| | - Alba Pensado-López
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (A.P.-L.)
- Genomic Medicine Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bruno Sáinz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Stem Cell and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (A.P.-L.)
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23
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Wu X, Wang S, Li M, Li J, Shen J, Zhao Y, Pang J, Wen Q, Chen M, Wei B, Kaboli PJ, Du F, Zhao Q, Cho CH, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Wu X. Conditional reprogramming: next generation cell culture. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1360-1381. [PMID: 32963937 PMCID: PMC7488362 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term primary culture of mammalian cells has been always difficult due to unavoidable senescence. Conventional methods for generating immortalized cell lines usually require manipulation of genome which leads to change of important biological and genetic characteristics. Recently, conditional reprogramming (CR) emerges as a novel next generation tool for long-term culture of primary epithelium cells derived from almost all origins without alteration of genetic background of primary cells. CR co-cultures primary cells with inactivated mouse 3T3-J2 fibroblasts in the presence of RHO-related protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, enabling primary cells to acquire stem-like characteristics while retain their ability to fully differentiate. With only a few years' development, CR shows broad prospects in applications in varied areas including disease modeling, regenerative medicine, drug evaluation, drug discovery as well as precision medicine. This review is thus to comprehensively summarize and assess current progress in understanding mechanism of CR and its wide applications, highlighting the value of CR in both basic and translational researches and discussing the challenges faced with CR.
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Key Words
- 3T3-J2 fibroblast
- AACR, American Association for Cancer Research
- ACC, adenoid cystic carcinoma
- AR, androgen receptor
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators
- CR, conditional reprogramming
- CYPs, cytochrome P450 enzymes
- Conditional reprogramming
- DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ESC, embryonic stem cell
- HCMI, human cancer model initiatives
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HNE, human nasal epithelial
- HPV, human papillomaviruses
- ICD, intracellular domain
- LECs, limbal epithelial cells
- NCI, National Cancer Institute
- NGFR, nerve growth factor receptor
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- NSG, NOD/SCID/gamma
- PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- PDX, patient derived xenograft
- PP2A, protein phosphatase 2A
- RB, retinoblastoma-associated protein
- ROCK
- ROCK, Rho kinase
- SV40, simian virus 40 large tumor antigen
- Senescence
- UVB, ultraviolet radiation b
- Y-27632
- dECM, decellularized extracellular matrix
- hASC, human adipose stem cells
- hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase
- iPSCs, induction of pluripotent stem cells
- ΔNP63α, N-terminal truncated form of P63α
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jun Pang
- Center of Radiation Oncology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
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Ci X, Hao J, Dong X, Xue H, Wu R, Choi SYC, Haegert AM, Collins CC, Liu X, Lin D, Wang Y. Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells from Patient-Derived Xenograft to Model Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Development. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061398. [PMID: 32512818 PMCID: PMC7349646 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal subtype of prostate cancer. It develops mainly via NE transdifferentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma in response to androgen receptor (AR)-inhibition therapy. The study of NEPC development has been hampered by a lack of clinically relevant models. We previously established a unique and first-in-field patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of adenocarcinoma (LTL331)-to-NEPC (LTL331R) transdifferentiation. In this study, we applied conditional reprogramming (CR) culture to establish a LTL331 PDX-derived cancer cell line named LTL331_CR_Cell. These cells retain the same genomic mutations as the LTL331 parental tumor. They can be continuously propagated in vitro and can be genetically manipulated. Androgen deprivation treatment on LTL331_CR_Cells had no effect on cell proliferation. Transcriptomic analyses comparing the LTL331_CR_Cell to its parental tumor revealed a profound downregulation of the androgen response pathway and an upregulation of stem and basal cell marker genes. The transcriptome of LTL331_CR_Cells partially resembles that of post-castrated LTL331 xenografts in mice. Notably, when grafted under the renal capsules of male NOD/SCID mice, LTL331_CR_Cells spontaneously gave rise to NEPC tumors. This is evidenced by the histological expression of the NE marker CD56 and the loss of adenocarcinoma markers such as PSA. Transcriptomic analyses of the newly developed NEPC tumors further demonstrate marked enrichment of NEPC signature genes and loss of AR signaling genes. This study provides a novel research tool derived from a unique PDX model. It allows for the investigation of mechanisms underlying NEPC development by enabling gene manipulations ex vivo and subsequent functional evaluations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Ci
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (X.C.); (J.H.); (A.M.H.); (C.C.C.)
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (X.D.); (H.X.); (R.W.); (S.Y.C.C.)
| | - Jun Hao
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (X.C.); (J.H.); (A.M.H.); (C.C.C.)
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (X.D.); (H.X.); (R.W.); (S.Y.C.C.)
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (X.D.); (H.X.); (R.W.); (S.Y.C.C.)
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (X.D.); (H.X.); (R.W.); (S.Y.C.C.)
| | - Rebecca Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (X.D.); (H.X.); (R.W.); (S.Y.C.C.)
| | - Stephen Yiu Chuen Choi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (X.D.); (H.X.); (R.W.); (S.Y.C.C.)
| | - Anne M. Haegert
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (X.C.); (J.H.); (A.M.H.); (C.C.C.)
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (X.C.); (J.H.); (A.M.H.); (C.C.C.)
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); Tel.: 202-687-2820 (X.L.); 604-675-7013 (D.L.); 604-675-8013 (Y.W.)
| | - Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (X.C.); (J.H.); (A.M.H.); (C.C.C.)
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (X.D.); (H.X.); (R.W.); (S.Y.C.C.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); Tel.: 202-687-2820 (X.L.); 604-675-7013 (D.L.); 604-675-8013 (Y.W.)
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; (X.C.); (J.H.); (A.M.H.); (C.C.C.)
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (X.D.); (H.X.); (R.W.); (S.Y.C.C.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); Tel.: 202-687-2820 (X.L.); 604-675-7013 (D.L.); 604-675-8013 (Y.W.)
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25
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Zhong M, Fu L. Culture and application of conditionally reprogrammed primary tumor cells. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 8:224-233. [PMID: 32665854 PMCID: PMC7333928 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still a major public-health problem that threatens human life worldwide and further study needs to be carried out in the basic and preclinical areas. Although high-throughput sequencing technology and individualized precise therapy have made breakthroughs over the years, the high failure rate of clinical translational research has limited the innovation of antitumor drugs and triggered the urgent need for optimal cancer-research models. The development of cancerous cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, and organoid has strongly promoted the development of tumor-biology research, but the prediction values are limited. Conditional reprogramming (CR) is a novel cell-culture method for cancer research combining feeder cells with a Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, which enables the rapid and continuous proliferation of primary epithelial cells. In this review, we summarize the methodology to establish CR model and overview recent functions and applications of CR cell-culture models in cancer research with regard to the study of cancer-biology characterization, the exploration of therapeutic targets, individualized drug screening, the illumination of mechanisms about response to antitumor drugs, and the improvement of patient-derived animal models, and finally discuss in detail the major limitations of this cell-culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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26
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Liu W, Ju L, Cheng S, Wang G, Qian K, Liu X, Xiao Y, Wang X. Conditional reprogramming: Modeling urological cancer and translation to clinics. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e95. [PMID: 32508060 PMCID: PMC7403683 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived models, including cell models (organoids and conditionally reprogrammed cells [CRCs]) and patient-derived xenografts, are urgently needed for both basic and translational cancer research. Conditional reprogramming (CR) technique refers to a co-culture system of primary human normal or tumor cells with irradiated murine fibroblasts in the presence of a Rho-associated kinase inhibitor to allow the primary cells to acquire stem cell properties and the ability to proliferate indefinitely in vitro without any exogenous gene or viral transfection. Considering its robust features, the CR technique may facilitate cancer research in many aspects. Under in vitro culturing, malignant CRCs can share certain genetic aberrations and tumor phenotypes with their parental specimens. Thus, tumor CRCs can promisingly be utilized for the study of cancer biology, the discovery of novel therapies, and the promotion of precision medicine. For normal CRCs, the characteristics of normal karyotype maintenance and lineage commitment suggest their potential in toxicity testing and regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the applications, limitations, and future potential of CRCs in modeling urological cancer and translation to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of UrologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological RepositoriesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
| | - Songtao Cheng
- Department of UrologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological RepositoriesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological RepositoriesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of UrologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Biological RepositoriesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of UrologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Medical Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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27
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Fazio M, Ablain J, Chuan Y, Langenau DM, Zon LI. Zebrafish patient avatars in cancer biology and precision cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:263-273. [PMID: 32251397 PMCID: PMC8011456 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In precision oncology, two major strategies are being pursued for predicting clinically relevant tumour behaviours, such as treatment response and emergence of drug resistance: inference based on genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic and/or proteomic analysis of patient samples, and phenotypic assays in personalized cancer avatars. The latter approach has historically relied on in vivo mouse xenografts and in vitro organoids or 2D cell cultures. Recent progress in rapid combinatorial genetic modelling, the development of a genetically immunocompromised strain for xenotransplantation of human patient samples in adult zebrafish and the first clinical trial using xenotransplantation in zebrafish larvae for phenotypic testing of drug response bring this tiny vertebrate to the forefront of the precision medicine arena. In this Review, we discuss advances in transgenic and transplantation-based zebrafish cancer avatars, and how these models compare with and complement mouse xenografts and human organoids. We also outline the unique opportunities that these different models present for prediction studies and current challenges they face for future clinical deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Fazio
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julien Ablain
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan Chuan
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David M Langenau
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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28
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Xiao J, Glasgow E, Agarwal S. Zebrafish Xenografts for Drug Discovery and Personalized Medicine. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:569-579. [PMID: 32312681 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Given that cancer is a highly individualized disease, predicting the best chemotherapeutic treatment for individual patients can be difficult. Ex vivo models such as mouse patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and organoids are being developed to predict patient-specific chemosensitivity profiles before treatment in the clinic. Although promising, these models have significant disadvantages including long growth times that introduce genetic and epigenetic changes to the tumor. The zebrafish xenograft assay is ideal for personalized medicine. Imaging of the small, transparent fry is unparalleled among vertebrate organisms. In addition, the speed (5-7 days) and small patient tissue requirements (100-200 cells per animal) are unique features of the zebrafish xenograft model that enable patient-specific chemosensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Xiao
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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29
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Shahi Thakuri P, Gupta M, Singh S, Joshi R, Glasgow E, Lekan A, Agarwal S, Luker GD, Tavana H. Phytochemicals inhibit migration of triple negative breast cancer cells by targeting kinase signaling. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:4. [PMID: 31898540 PMCID: PMC6941316 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell migration and invasion are essential processes for metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Significant progress has been made in developing new therapies against oncogenic signaling to eliminate cancer cells and shrink tumors. However, inherent heterogeneity and treatment-induced adaptation to drugs commonly enable subsets of cancer cells to survive therapy. In addition to local recurrence, these cells escape a primary tumor and migrate through the stroma to access the circulation and metastasize to different organs, leading to an incurable disease. As such, therapeutics that block migration and invasion of cancer cells may inhibit or reduce metastasis and significantly improve cancer therapy. This is particularly more important for cancers, such as triple negative breast cancer, that currently lack targeted drugs. METHODS We used cell migration, 3D invasion, zebrafish metastasis model, and phosphorylation analysis of 43 protein kinases in nine triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines to study effects of fisetin and quercetin on inhibition of TNBC cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. RESULTS Fisetin and quercetin were highly effective against migration of all nine TNBC cell lines with up to 76 and 74% inhibitory effects, respectively. In addition, treatments significantly reduced 3D invasion of highly motile TNBC cells from spheroids into a collagen matrix and their metastasis in vivo. Fisetin and quercetin commonly targeted different components and substrates of the oncogenic PI3K/AKT pathway and significantly reduced their activities. Additionally, both compounds disrupted activities of several protein kinases in MAPK and STAT pathways. We used molecular inhibitors specific to these signaling proteins to establish the migration-inhibitory role of the two phytochemicals against TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS We established that fisetin and quercetin potently inhibit migration of metastatic TNBC cells by interfering with activities of oncogenic protein kinases in multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Shahi Thakuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Megha Gupta
- Department of Arts and Sciences, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Ramila Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Alexander Lekan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
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30
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La transplantation de cellules tumorales chez le poisson zèbre : de la recherche translationnelle à la médecine personnalisée. Bull Cancer 2020; 107:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Palechor-Ceron N, Krawczyk E, Dakic A, Simic V, Yuan H, Blancato J, Wang W, Hubbard F, Zheng YL, Dan H, Strome S, Cullen K, Davidson B, Deeken JF, Choudhury S, Ahn PH, Agarwal S, Zhou X, Schlegel R, Furth PA, Pan CX, Liu X. Conditional Reprogramming for Patient-Derived Cancer Models and Next-Generation Living Biobanks. Cells 2019; 8:E1327. [PMID: 31717887 PMCID: PMC6912808 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional cancer models including cell lines and animal models have limited applications in both basic and clinical cancer research. Genomics-based precision oncology only help 2-20% patients with solid cancer. Functional diagnostics and patient-derived cancer models are needed for precision cancer biology. In this review, we will summarize applications of conditional cell reprogramming (CR) in cancer research and next generation living biobanks (NGLB). Together with organoids, CR has been cited in two NCI (National Cancer Institute, USA) programs (PDMR: patient-derived cancer model repository; HCMI: human cancer model initiatives. HCMI will be distributed through ATCC). Briefly, the CR method is a simple co-culture technology with a Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, in combination with fibroblast feeder cells, which allows us to rapidly expand both normal and malignant epithelial cells from diverse anatomic sites and mammalian species and does not require transfection with exogenous viral or cellular genes. Establishment of CR cells from both normal and tumor tissue is highly efficient. The robust nature of the technique is exemplified by the ability to produce 2 × 106 cells in five days from a core biopsy of tumor tissue. Normal CR cell cultures retain a normal karyotype and differentiation potential and CR cells derived from tumors retain their tumorigenic phenotype. CR also allows us to enrich cancer cells from urine (for bladder cancer), blood (for prostate cancer), and pleural effusion (for non-small cell lung carcinoma). The ability to produce inexhaustible cell populations using CR technology from small biopsies and cryopreserved specimens has the potential to transform biobanking repositories (NGLB: next-generation living biobank) and current pathology practice by enabling genetic, biochemical, metabolomic, proteomic, and biological assays, including chemosensitivity testing as a functional diagnostics tool for precision cancer medicine. We discussed analyses of patient-derived matched normal and tumor models using a case with tongue squamous cell carcinoma as an example. Last, we summarized applications in cancer research, disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine of CR-based NGLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Palechor-Ceron
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Vera Simic
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Jan Blancato
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Fleesie Hubbard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Yun-Ling Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Hancai Dan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Scott Strome
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Kevin Cullen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.H.); (H.D.); (S.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Bruce Davidson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - John F. Deeken
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA;
| | - Sujata Choudhury
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Peter H. Ahn
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Xuexun Zhou
- iCryobiol and iFuture Technologies, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Priscilla A. Furth
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (N.P.-C.); (E.K.); (A.D.); (V.S.); (H.Y.); (S.C.); (S.A.); (R.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (J.B.); (W.W.); (Y.-L.Z.); (P.A.F.)
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Fondevila F, Méndez-Blanco C, Fernández-Palanca P, González-Gallego J, Mauriz JL. Anti-tumoral activity of single and combined regorafenib treatments in preclinical models of liver and gastrointestinal cancers. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-15. [PMID: 31551425 PMCID: PMC6802659 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regorafenib is a sorafenib-derived chemotherapy drug belonging to the multikinase inhibitor family. This agent effectively targets a wide range of tyrosine kinases involved in cancer biology, such as those implicated in oncogenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor microenvironment control. The beneficial effects of regorafenib in clinical trials of patients who suffer from advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer (CRC) or gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) refractory to standard treatments led to regorafenib monotherapy approval as a second-line treatment for advanced HCC and as a third-line treatment for advanced CRC and GISTs. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed over the last decade to reveal the molecular mechanisms of the favorable actions exerted by regorafenib in patients. Given the hypothetical loss of sensitivity to regorafenib in tumor cells, preclinical research is also searching for novel therapeutic approaches consisting of co-administration of this drug plus other agents as a strategy to improve regorafenib effectiveness. This review summarizes the anti-tumor effects of regorafenib in single or combined treatment in preclinical models of HCC, CRC and GISTs and discusses both the global and molecular effects that account for its anti-cancer properties in the clinical setting. The cancer drug regorafenib exhibits a broad range of anti-tumor activities that could be enhanced by combination with other treatments. A team led by José L. Mauriz from the University of León, Spain, review the ways in which regorafenib, blocking several enzymes involved in cancer biology, has been shown to shrink tumors in different models of liver, colon and gastrointestinal cancer. Its mechanisms of action include blockade of new blood vessel formation, induction of cell death and modulation of the immune microenvironment. Research studies show that co-administration of regorafenib with other drugs directed at various molecular targets or immune pathways produces synergistic effects against cancer cells. The preclinical data highlights the potential of combination drug regimens to improve outcomes among patients eligible for regorafenib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Fondevila
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Méndez-Blanco
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-Palanca
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Mauriz
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.
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Mimoto R, Yogosawa S, Saijo H, Fushimi A, Nogi H, Asakura T, Yoshida K, Takeyama H. Clinical implications of drug-screening assay for recurrent metastatic hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal receptor 2-negative breast cancer using conditionally reprogrammed cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13405. [PMID: 31527634 PMCID: PMC6746954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various new drugs have been developed for treating recurrent hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal receptor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer. However, directly identifying effective drugs remains difficult. In this study, we elucidated the clinical relevance of cultured cells derived from patients with recurrent HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer. The recently established conditionally reprogrammed (CR) cell system enables us to examine heterogeneity, drug sensitivity and cell function using patient-derived tumour samples. The results of microarray analysis, DNA target sequencing and xenograft experiments indicated that the mutation status and pathological features were preserved in CR cells, whereas RNA expression was different from that in the primary tumour cells, especially with respect to cell adhesion-associated pathways. The results of drug sensitivity assays involving the use of primary breast cancer CR cells were consistent with gene expression profiling test data. We performed drug-screening assays using liver metastases, which were sensitive to 66 drugs. Importantly, the result reflected the actual clinical course of this patient. These results supported the use of CR cells obtained from the metastatic lesions of patients with HR+/HER2− breast cancer for predicting the clinical drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Mimoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satomi Yogosawa
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saijo
- Department of Anatomy, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fushimi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nogi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Asakura
- Radioisotope Research Facilities, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeyama
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Alkhilaiwi F, Paul S, Zhou D, Zhang X, Wang F, Palechor-Ceron N, Wilson K, Guha R, Ferrer M, Grant N, Thomas C, Schlegel R, Yuan H. High-throughput screening identifies candidate drugs for the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2019; 8:100181. [PMID: 31446060 PMCID: PMC6723410 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign neoplasm of the larynx caused mainly by human papillomavirus type 6 or 11 and its standard treatment involves repeated surgical debulking of the laryngeal tumors. However, significant morbidity and occasional mortality due to multiple recurrences occur. Conditional reprogramming (CR) was used to establish a HPV-6 positive culture from an RRP patient, named GUMC-403. High-throughput screening was performed at the National Center for Advanced Technology (NCATS) to identify potential drugs to treat this rare but morbid disease. GUMC-403 cells were screened against the NPC library of >2800 approved drugs and the MIPE library of >1900 investigational drugs to identify new uses for FDA-approved drugs or drugs that have undergone significant research and development. From the two libraries, we identified a total of 13 drugs that induced significant cytotoxicity in RRP cells at IC50 values that were clinically achievable. We validated the efficacy of the drugs in vitro using CR 2D and 3D models and further refined our list of drugs to panobinostat, dinaciclib and forskolin as potential therapies for RRP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alkhilaiwi
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA; College of Pharmacy, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siddartha Paul
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Feibai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Nancy Palechor-Ceron
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kelli Wilson
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Nazaneen Grant
- Department of Otolaryngology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Craig Thomas
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
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Regorafenib regressed a doxorubicin-resistant Ewing's sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 83:809-815. [PMID: 30758647 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a rare and recalcitrant disease which is in need of a development of a novel effective therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of regorafenib on an ES tumor in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. METHODS The ES PDOX models were established orthotopically in the right chest wall of nude mice to match the site of the tumor in the donor patient. The ES PDOX models were randomized into three groups (G) when the tumor volume reached 75 mm3: G1: untreated control; G2: doxorubicin (DOX) (i.p., 3 mg/kg, weekly, 2 weeks); G3: regorafenib (REG) (p.o., 30 mg/kg, daily, 2 weeks). Tumor volume and body weight were measured twice a week. All mice were sacrificed on day 15. RESULTS DOX was ineffective compared to the control group (P = 0.229). REG regressed the tumor size (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, relative to control and DOX, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that REG has clinical potential for ES patients whose tumors respond to REG in a PDOX model.
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Serial patient-derived orthotopic xenografting of adenoid cystic carcinomas recapitulates stable expression of phenotypic alterations and innervation. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:175-184. [PMID: 30765319 PMCID: PMC6442226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have significantly enhanced cancer research, and often serve as a robust model. However, enhanced growth rate and altered pathological phenotype with serial passages have repeatedly been shown in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) PDX tumors, which is a major concern. METHODS We evaluated the fidelity of ACCs in their natural habitat by performing ACC orthotopic xenotransplantation (PDOX) in salivary glands. FINDINGS Our PDOX model enabled solid tumors to integrate within the local epithelial, stromal and neuronal environment. Over serial passages, PDOX tumors maintained their stereotypic MYB-NFIB translocation, and FGFR2 and ATM point mutations. Tumor growth rate and histopathology were retained, including ACCs hallmark presentations of cribriform, tubular, solid areas and innervation. We also demonstrate that the PDOX model retains its capacity as a tool for drug testing. INTERPRETATION Unlike the precedent PDX model, our data shows that the PDOX is a superior model for future cancer biology and therapy research. FUND: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) grants DE022557, DE027034, and DE027551.
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