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Ganbat D, Oh D, Lee YJ, Lee DW, Kim SB, Chi WJ, Lee KE, Lee BH, Jung YJ, Lee JS, Lee SJ. Description of Brachybacterium sillae sp. nov., a thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023:10.1007/s10482-023-01842-z. [PMID: 37227603 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomic position of strain EF45031T, isolated from the Neungam Carbonate hot spring, was examined using the polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain EF45031T shared the highest percentage of 16S rRNA gene sequence with Brachybacterium nesterenkovii CIP 104813 T (97.7%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain EF45031T and the type strains B. nesterenkovii CIP 104813 T and B. phenoliresistens Phenol-AT were 77.0%, 69.15%, 21.9% and 75.73%, 68.81%, 20.5%, respectively. Phylogenomic analysis using an up-to-date bacterial core gene (UBCG) set revealed that strain EF45031T belonged to the genus Brachybacterium. Growth occurred between 25 and 50 ℃ at pH 6.0-9.0 and could tolerate salinity up to 5% (w/v). Strain had anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as major fatty acids. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory menaquinone. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, three aminolipids, and two unidentified glycolipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as a diagnostic diamino acid. The genome comprised 2,663,796 bp, with a G + C content of 70.9%. Stress-responsive periplasmic chaperone/protease coding genes were identified in the genome of EF45031T and were not detected in other Brachybacterium species. The polyphasic taxonomic properties indicate that the strain represents a novel species within the genus Brachybacterium, for which the name Brachybacterium sillae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EF45031T (= KCTC 49702 T = NBRC 115869 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariimaa Ganbat
- Major in Food Biotechnology and Research Center for Extremophiles and Marine Microbiology, Silla University, Busan, 46958, South Korea
| | - DoKyung Oh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Yong-Jik Lee
- Department of Bio-Cosmetics, Seowon University, Chung-Ju, 28674, South Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Seong-Bo Kim
- Bio-Living Engineering Major, Global Leaders College, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Won-Jae Chi
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Ki-Eun Lee
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- Biological Resources Research Department, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - You-Jung Jung
- Biological Resources Utilization Department, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Jeongeup, 56212, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Lee
- Major in Food Biotechnology and Research Center for Extremophiles and Marine Microbiology, Silla University, Busan, 46958, South Korea.
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Establishment of a Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Devriesea agamarum in Lizards. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050881. [PMID: 36899739 PMCID: PMC10000032 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Devriesea (D.) agamarum is a potential cause of dermatitis and cheilitis in lizards. The aim of this study was to establish a real-time PCR assay for the detection of D. agamarum. (2) Methods: Primers and probe were selected targeting the 16S rRNA gene, using sequences of 16S rRNA genes of D. agamarum as well as of other bacterial species derived from GenBank. The PCR assay was tested with 14 positive controls of different D. agamarum cultures as well as with 34 negative controls of various non-D. agamarum bacterial cultures. Additionally, samples of 38 lizards, mostly Uromastyx spp. and Pogona spp., submitted to a commercial veterinary laboratory were tested for the presence of D. agamarum using the established protocol. (3) Results: Concentrations of as low as 2 × 104 colonies per mL were detectable using dilutions of bacterial cell culture (corresponding to approximately 200 CFU per PCR). The assay resulted in an intraassay percent of coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.31% and an interassay CV of 1.80%. (4) Conclusions: The presented assay is able to detect D. agamarum in clinical samples, decreasing laboratory turn-around time in comparison to conventional culture-based detection methods.
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Urgent International Action Needed to Tackle Illegal Pet Trade in Caribbean Iguana Populations. CONSERVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/conservation2020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lizards in the Neotropical genus Iguana are heavily traded for the international pet trade, with unusual colour morphs and rare species commanding high prices. Recent research aimed to understand the taxonomy and phenotypic variation of Iguana in the Lesser Antilles, with those populations now severely threatened by this trade. Although the entire Iguana genus has been on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix II since 1977, current levels of trade regulation are proving to be inadequate for the Caribbean Iguana populations, which are declining. This paper presents the case for immediately halting regional commercial trade to safeguard the most vulnerable island populations. We further provide recommendations for trade regulations of other species complexes where the nomenclature used in legislation and the trade industry fall temporarily out of step with new taxonomic changes.
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Hellebuyck T, Couck L, Ducatelle R, Van den Broeck W, Marschang RE. Cheilitis Associated with a Novel Herpesvirus in Two Panther Chameleons (Furcifer pardalis). J Comp Pathol 2021; 182:58-66. [PMID: 33494909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular epidermal inclusions were detected within histological sections of skin biopsies from two panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis) with chronic cheilitis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the abundant presence of icosahedral intracytoplasmic and intranuclear viral particles in infected keratinocytes, with an average diameter of 120-125 nm, consistent with herpesviruses (HVs). TEM also revealed the presence of virions in intercellular spaces and keratinocyte nuclei and features suggestive of capsid assembly, nuclear egress with primary envelopment and anterograde transport leading to virion assembly and release. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers targeting a conserved region of herpesvirus DNA-dependent DNA polymerase were used to amplify and sequence a product from a nested HV PCR performed on skin biopsies of both chameleons. Comparative sequence analysis indicates that the virus detected in both chameleons was a novel member of the Alphaherpesvirinae, which we refer to as chamaeleonid herpesvirus 1 (chamHV 1). Based on the identical findings in both chameleons, we consider chamHV 1 to be a candidate aetiological agent of cheilitis in panther chameleons. This is the first report of skin lesions in a chameleon species associated with HV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hellebuyck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Liesbeth Couck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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den Burg MPV, Van Belleghem SM, Villanueva CNDJ. The continuing march of Common Green Iguanas: arrival on mainland Asia. J Nat Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Latney LV, Wellehan JFX. Selected Emerging Infectious Diseases of Squamata: An Update. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2020; 23:353-371. [PMID: 32327041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article details emerging infectious diseases that have devastating impacts on captive and wild squamates. Treatment advances have been attempted for Cryptosporidium infections in squamates. Gram-positive bacteria, Devriesea agamarum and Austwickia chelonae, are contributing to severe disease in captive and now in wild reptiles, some critically endangered. Nannizziposis, Paranannizziopsis, and Ophidiomyces continue to cause fatal disease as primary pathogens in wild and captive populations of squamates and sphenodontids. Nidovirus, bornavirus, paramyxovirus, sunshine virus, and arenavirus have emerged to be significant causes of neurorespiratory disease in snakes. Controlled studies evaluating environmental stability, disinfection, transmission control, and treatment are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- La'Toya V Latney
- Avian and Exotic Medicine & Surgery, The Animal Medical Center, 610 East 62nd Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - James F X Wellehan
- Zoological Medicine Service, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 100126, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608-0125, USA
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Shukhova S, MacMillan DC. From tigers to axolotls: Why people keep exotic pets in Russia. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Shukhova
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Douglas C. MacMillan
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Canterbury UK
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Pounder KC, Mukhida F, Brown RP, Carter D, Daltry JC, Fleming T, Goetz M, Halsey LG, Hughes G, Questel K, Saccheri IJ, Williams R, Soanes LM. Testing for hybridisation of the Critically Endangered Iguana delicatissima on Anguilla to inform conservation efforts. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Caribbean Island of Anguilla in the north-eastern Lesser Antilles is home to one of the last populations of the Critically Endangered Lesser Antillean iguana Iguana delicatissima. This population is highly threatened primarily because of hybridisation with non-native Iguana iguana. This study assesses the degree of hybridisation between Anguilla’s Iguana species firstly using morphological characteristics and then genetic analysis to validate the genetic integrity of morphologically identified I. delicatissima. We also examined the genetic diversity of Anguilla’s I. delicatissima population, and that of a population on the nearby island of Îlet Fourchue, St Barthélemy. Forty-five iguanas were captured in Anguilla and 10 in St Barthélemy, and sequences from 3 nuclear and 1 mtDNA genes were obtained for each. Of the 45 iguanas captured in Anguilla, 22 were morphologically identified as I. delicatissima, 12 as I. iguana and the remainder were identified as hybrids. Morphological assignments were all confirmed by genetic analyses except for one I. iguana and one hybrid individual. These two individuals appeared likely to have originated following ancestral hybridisation events several generations ago. A significant paucity of genetic diversity was found within Anguillan and St Barthélemy I. delicatissima populations, with a single haplotype being identified for each of the three nuclear genes and the mtDNA sequence. This study highlights the urgency for immediate action to conserve Anguilla’s remnant I. delicatissima population. Protection from hybridisation will require translocation to I. iguana-free offshore cays, with supplementary individuals being sourced from neighbouring islands to enhance the genetic diversity of the population.
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9
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Post-hurricane relief facilitates invasion and establishment of two invasive alien vertebrate species in the Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jiang H, Zhang X, Li L, Ma J, He N, Liu H, Han R, Li H, Wu Z, Chen J. Identification of Austwickia chelonae as cause of cutaneous granuloma in endangered crocodile lizards using metataxonomics. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6574. [PMID: 30886772 PMCID: PMC6420803 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl, 1930) is an endangered reptile species, and in recent years many have died from diseases, especially the rescued and breeding individuals. However, pathogens underlying these diseases are unclear. In this study, we report our effort in rapidly identifying and isolating the pathogen that causes high mortality in crocodile lizards from Guangdong Luokeng Shinisaurus crocodilurus National Nature Reserve. The typical symptom is cutaneous granuloma in the infected crocodile lizards. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a comprehensive approach for sequence-based identification of pathogenic microbes. In this study, 16S rDNA based mNGS was used for rapid identification of pathogens, and microscopy and microbe isolation were used to confirm the results. Austwickia chelonae was identified to be the dominant pathogen in the granuloma using 16S rDNA based mNGS. Chinese skinks were used as an animal model to verify the pathogenicity of A. chelonae to fulfill Koch's postulates. As expected, subcutaneous inoculation of A. chelonae induced granulomas in the healthy Chinese skinks and the A. chelonae was re-isolated from the induced granulomas. Therefore, A. chelonae was the primary pathogen that caused this high mortality disease, cutaneous granuloma, in crocodile lizards from Guangdong Luokeng Shinisaurus crocodilurus National Nature Reserve. Antibiotics analysis demonstrated that A. chelonae was sensitive to cephalothin, minocycline and ampicillin, but not to kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin and clarithromycin, suggesting a possible treatment for the infected crocodile lizards. However, surgical resection of the nodules as early as possible was recommended. This study is the first report of pathogenic analysis in crocodile lizards and provides a reference for disease control and conservations of the endangered crocodile lizards and other reptiles. In addition, this study indicated that mNGS of lesions could be used to detect the pathogens in animals with benefits in speed and convenient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Jiang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linmiao Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinge Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan He
- Guangdong Luokeng Shinisaurus crocodilurus National Nature Reserve, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Guangdong Luokeng Shinisaurus crocodilurus National Nature Reserve, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Richou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Gallego M, Juan-Sallés C, Hellebuyck T. Devriesea agamarum associated cheilitis in a North African spiny-tailed lizard ( Uromastyx acanthinura) in Spain. Open Vet J 2018; 8:224-228. [PMID: 30425957 PMCID: PMC6202671 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old, male North African spiny-tailed lizard (Uromastyx acanthinura) was presented with hyperkeratotic cheilitis. Based on clinical examination, histology and microbiological testing, Devriesea agamarum was identified as the causative agent of the dermal disorder. Moreover, an abundant culture of D. agamarum was obtained following sampling of the oral cavity. Cheilitis was present for three years in the spiny-tailed lizard and during the first year of that period the lizard was housed together with an ocellated lizard (Timon lepidus), an Algerian orange-tailed skink (Eumeces algeriensis) and a female U. acanthinura. The latter lizard showed signs of chronic dermatitis and had deceased approximately 2.5 years prior to initial presentation of the male dab lizard because of renal failure. The other cohabiting lizards showed no dermal lesions and D. agamarum could not be demonstrated following dermal, cloacal and oral sampling. Recurrence of the bacterial skin infection was observed following a first antimicrobial treatment. This was considered to result from failure to eliminate the bacterium from the treated dab lizard or re-infection from the environment or asymptomatic carriers. A second treatment, including disinfection of the enclosure with house-hold bleach 0.1%, weekly mechanical debridement of the crusty lesion and treatment with ceftazidime at 20 mg/kg intramuscularly every 72 hours for 57 days resulted in resolution of the skin lesions, elimination of D. agamarum from the oral cavity based on repetitive microbiological sampling and no recurrence of the lesions during a 31 month follow up period. The present case is the first report of devrieseasis in Spain and highlights the importance of a multidirectional diagnostic and therapeutic approach towards controlling devrieseasis in captive lizard collections. Several disease aspects such as persistency are discussed in the light of the contemporary available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gallego
- Centro Veterinario Madrid Exóticos, Meléndez Valdés 17, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Juan-Sallés
- Noah's Path, Arquitecto Santiago Pérez Aracil 30 bajo, 03203 Elche, Spain
| | - Tom Hellebuyck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Pasmans F, Bogaerts S, Braeckman J, Cunningham AA, Hellebuyck T, Griffiths RA, Sparreboom M, Schmidt BR, Martel A. Future of keeping pet reptiles and amphibians: towards integrating animal welfare, human health and environmental sustainability. Vet Rec 2017; 181:450. [PMID: 29051315 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The keeping of exotic pets is currently under debate and governments of several countries are increasingly exploring the regulation, or even the banning, of exotic pet keeping. Major concerns are issues of public health and safety, animal welfare and biodiversity conservation. The keeping of reptiles and amphibians in captivity encompasses all the potential issues identified with keeping exotic pets, and many of those relating to traditional domestic pets. Within the context of risks posed by pets in general, the authors argue for the responsible and sustainable keeping of reptile and amphibian pets by private persons, based on scientific evidence and on the authors' own expertise (veterinary medicine, captive husbandry, conservation biology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Braeckman
- Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Tom Hellebuyck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard A Griffiths
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | | | - Benedikt R Schmidt
- Info Fauna KARCH, Passage Maximilien-de-Meuron, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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