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Yu S, Dai W, Su C, Milosavic N, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhu Y, He M, Landry DW, Stojanovic MN, Lin Q. An Internally Attached Aptameric Graphene Nanosensor for Sensitive Vasopressin Measurement in Critical Patient Monitoring. ACS Sens 2024; 9:4915-4923. [PMID: 39268764 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents an aptameric graphene nanosensor for rapid and sensitive measurement of arginine vasopressin (AVP) toward continuous monitoring of critical care patients. The nanosensor is a field-effect transistor (FET) with monolayer graphene as the conducting channel and is functionalized with a new custom-designed aptamer for specific AVP recognition. Binding between the aptamer and AVP induces a change in the carrier density in the graphene and resulting in measurable changes in FET characteristics for determination of the AVP concentration. The aptamer, based on the natural enantiomer D-deoxyribose, possess optimized kinetic binding properties and is attached at an internal position to the graphene for enhanced sensitivity to low concentrations of AVP. Experimental results show that this aptameric graphene nanosensor is highly sensitive (with a limit of detection of 0.3 pM and a resolution of 0.1 pM) to AVP, and rapidly responsive (within 90 s) to both increasing and decreasing AVP concentration changes. The device is also reversable (within 4%), repeatable (within 4%) and reproducible (within 5%) in AVP measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Yu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Wenting Dai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Power and Energy Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Nenad Milosavic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Ziran Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yibo Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Maogang He
- Department of Power and Energy Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Donald W Landry
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Milan N Stojanovic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Zong HF, Li X, Han L, Wang L, Liu JJ, Yue YL, Chen J, Ke Y, Jiang H, Xie YQ, Zhang BH, Zhu JW. A novel bispecific antibody drug conjugate targeting HER2 and HER3 with potent therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1727-1739. [PMID: 38605180 PMCID: PMC11272928 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugate (ADC) therapy has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer immunotherapy. Bispecific targeting could enhance the efficacy and safety of ADC by improving its specificity, affinity and internalization. In this study we constructed a HER2/HER3-targeting bispecific ADC (BsADC) and characterized its physiochemical properties, target specificity and internalization in vitro, and assessed its anti-tumor activities in breast cancer cell lines and in animal models. The HER2/HER3-targeting BsADC had a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of 2.89, displayed a high selectivity against the target JIMT-1 breast cancer cells in vitro, as well as a slightly higher level of internalization than HER2- or HER3-monospecific ADCs. More importantly, the bispecific ADC potently inhibited the viability of MCF7, JIMT-1, BT474, BxPC-3 and SKOV-3 cancer cells in vitro. In JIMT-1 breast cancer xenograft mice, a single injection of bispecific ADC (3 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly inhibited the tumor growth with an efficacy comparable to that caused by combined injection of HER2 and HER3-monospecific ADCs (3 mg/kg for each). Our study demonstrates that the bispecific ADC concept can be applied to development of more potent new cancer therapeutics than the monospecific ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Zong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Han
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun-Jun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ya-Li Yue
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Yue-Qing Xie
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200240, China
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Bao-Hong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Jecho Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21704, USA.
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Alshammari MK, Almutairi MS, Althobaiti MD, Alsawyan WA, Alomair SA, Alwattban RR, Al Khozam ZH, Alanazi TJ, Alhuqyal AS, Darwish HSA, Alotaibi AF, Almutairi FN, Alanazi AA. A Systematic Review of Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Antiviral. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040642. [PMID: 37109600 PMCID: PMC10145512 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The study of clinical pharmacokinetics of inhaled antivirals is particularly important as it helps one to understand the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs and how best to use them in the treatment of respiratory viral infections such as influenza and the current COVID-19 pandemic. The article presents a systematic review of the available pharmacokinetic data of inhaled antivirals in humans, which could be beneficial for clinicians in adjusting doses for diseased populations. Materials and Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using multiple databases, and studies were screened by two independent reviewers to assess their eligibility. Data were extracted from the eligible studies and assessed for quality using appropriate tools. Results: This systematic review evaluated the pharmacokinetic parameters of inhaled antiviral drugs. The review analyzed 17 studies, which included Zanamivir, Laninamivir, and Ribavirin with 901 participants, and found that the non-compartmental approach was used in most studies for the pharmacokinetic analysis. The outcomes of most studies were to assess clinical pharmacokinetic parameters such as the Cmax, AUC, and t1/2 of inhaled antivirals. Conclusions: Overall, the studies found that the inhaled antiviral drugs were well tolerated and exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. The review provides valuable information on the use of these drugs for the treatment of influenza and other viral respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taif Jundi Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Fahad Naif Almutairi
- Directorate of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Hafar Al-Batin 39511, Saudi Arabia
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The role of DMPK science in improving pharmaceutical research and development efficiency. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:705-729. [PMID: 34774767 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The successful regulatory authority approval rate of drug candidates in the drug development pipeline is crucial for determining pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) efficiency. Regulatory authorities include the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), and Pharmaceutical and Food Safety Bureau Japan (PFSB), among others. Optimal drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) properties influence the progression of a drug candidate from the preclinical to the clinical phase. In this review, we provide a comprehensive assessment of essential concepts, methods, improvements, and challenges in DMPK science and its significance in drug development. This information provides insights into the association of DMPK science with pharmaceutical R&D efficiency.
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Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of hydrazinocurcumin in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1734-1743. [PMID: 34283375 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin, a natural polyphenol from Curcuma longa, is known to possess diversified pharmacological roles including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties; however, its bioavailability is severely limited due to its poor solubility, poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and significant elimination. Hydrazinocurcumin (HZC), a novel analogue of curcumin has been reported to overcome the limitations of curcumin and also possesses multiple pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the unexplored pharmacokinetic profile of this agent in experimental rats. METHODS Drug formulations were administered to the experimental animals via oral, intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Blood samples were collected at different pre-determined time intervals to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters. To understand the biodistribution profile of HCZ, tissue samples were isolated from different groups of Sprague-Dawley rats at different time points. The pharmacokinetic parameters of HZC were evaluated after administration through oral (100 mg/kg), intraperitoneal (100 mg/kg) and intravenous (10 mg/kg) routes. RESULTS Significantly (p < 0.05) higher total AUC along with maximum concentration were evident with intraperitoneal administration when compared to the results of oral administration at a similar dose. In addition, shorter time to peak was observed with intraperitoneal administration. These results revealed a faster rate and longer duration of absorption with intraperitoneal administration, which further resulted in enhanced absolute bioavailability of HZC (29.17%) when compared to 5.1% upon oral dosing. The obtained data from the pharmacokinetic study indicated that HZC was instantaneously distributed and moderately eliminated from body fluids. CONCLUSION Based on the findings, it could be concluded that absorption of HZC is much higher via intraperitoneal route of administration compared to the oral administration.
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Vlachakis D, Vlamos P. Mathematical Multidimensional Modelling and Structural Artificial Intelligence Pipelines Provide Insights for the Designing of Highly Specific AntiSARS-CoV2 Agents. MATHEMATICS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2021; 15. [PMCID: PMC8205651 DOI: 10.1007/s11786-021-00517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
COVID19 is the most impactful pandemic of recent times worldwide. It is a highly infectious disease that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus), To date there is specific drug nor vaccination against COVID19. Therefor the need for novel and pioneering anti-COVID19 is of paramount importance. In this direction, computer-aided drug design constitutes a very promising antiviral approach for the discovery and analysis of drugs and molecules with biological activity against SARS-CoV2. In silico modelling takes advantage of the massive amounts of biological and chemical data available on the nature of the interactions between the targeted systems and molecules, as well as the rapid progress of computational tools and software. Herein, we describe the potential of the merging of mathematical modelling, artificial intelligence and learning techniques into seamless computational pipelines for the rapid and efficient discovery and design of potent anti- SARS-CoV-2 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Computational Biology Group, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75 Str. GR11855, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Str. GR11527, Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 1 & Papadiamantopoulou Str. GR11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Vlamos
- Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Plateia Tsirigoti 7, 49100 Corfu, Greece
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Mi YN, Yan PP, Yu RH, Li QG, Wang CC, Hui MQ, Cao L, Cao YX. Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 in rats after an intravenous infusion. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1439-1447. [PMID: 32222983 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 have a large range of values in different literature. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 following post-constant speed intravenous infusion (PCSII) to provide rational pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 and compare these with results of noncompartmental analysis following intravenous injection (IV). After 15 hours intravenous infusion of vitamin K1 in rats, the logarithmic concentration-time curve of vitamin K1 was fit to a linear equation following PCSII (R2 = 0.9599 ± 0.0096). Then, half-time (T1/2 ), apparent volume of distribution (Vd ), and clearance rate (CL) were estimated successively. T1/2 of vitamin K1 was 4.07 ± 0.41 hour, CL was 89.47 ± 3.60 mL/h, and Vd was 525.38 ± 54.45 mL in rats following PCSII. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 among different sampling times. For noncompartmental analysis, T1/2 and mean residence time (MRTINF ) for a sampling duration of 6h were shorter than those of 12 hours or 24 hours sampling duration following IV (P < .05, P < .01). In addition, T1/2 of vitamin K1 was obviously different from MRT-equated half-time (T1/2,MRT )(P < .05). Vd and CL of vitamin K1 following PCSII were larger than those following IV based on noncompartmental analysis (P < .01). The results demonstrated that drug distribution in the body was balanced and the Napierian logarithmic concentration-time curve of vitamin K1 fit to a linear equation following PCSII. Vitamin K1 has a long T1/2 and a relatively large Vd following PCSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Mi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping-Ping Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui-Hong Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong-Ge Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Cui-Cui Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zoucheng People's Hospital, Zoucheng, China
| | - Ming-Quan Hui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong-Xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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Wu X, Nekka F, Li J. Analytical Solution and Exposure Analysis of a Pharmacokinetic Model with Simultaneous Elimination Pathways and Endogenous Production: The Case of Multiple Dosing Administration. Bull Math Biol 2019; 81:3436-3459. [PMID: 31420841 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a typical pharmacokinetic (PK) model is studied for the case of multiple intravenous bolus-dose administration. This model, of one-compartment structure, not only exhibits simultaneous first-order and Michaelis-Menten elimination, but also involves a constant endogenous production. For the PK characterization of the model, we have established the closed-form solution of concentrations over time, the existence and local stability of the steady state. Using analytical approaches and the concept of corrected concentration, we have shown that the area under the curve ([Formula: see text]) at steady state is higher compared to that at the single dose ([Formula: see text]). Moreover, by splitting the dose and dosing interval into halves, we have revealed that it can result in a significant decrease in the steady-state average concentration. These model-based findings, which contrast with the current knowledge for linear PK, confirm the necessity to revisit drugs exhibiting nonlinear PK and to suggest a rational way of using mathematical analysis for the dosing regimen design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Fahima Nekka
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jun Li
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Wang X, Hao Z, Olsen TR, Zhang W, Lin Q. Measurements of aptamer-protein binding kinetics using graphene field-effect transistors. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12573-12581. [PMID: 31219127 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02797a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying interactions between biomolecules subject to various environmental conditions is essential for applications such as drug discovery and precision medicine. This paper presents an investigation of the kinetics of environmentally dependent biomolecular binding using an electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) nanosensor. In this approach, biomolecular binding occurring on and in the vicinity of a graphene surface induces a change in carrier concentration, whose resulting conductance change is measured. This allows a systematic study of the kinetic properties of the binding system. We apply this approach to the specific binding of human immunoglobulin E (IgE), an antibody involved in parasite immunity, with an aptamer at different ionic strengths (Na+ and Mg2+) and temperatures. Experimental results demonstrate increased-rate binding kinetics at higher salt-ion concentrations and temperatures. In particular, the divalent cation Mg2+ yields more pronounced changes in the conformational structure of the aptamer than the monovalent cation Na+. In addition, the dissociation of the aptamer-protein complex at room temperature is found to be characterized by large unfavorable changes in the activation enthalpy and entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhuang Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Timothy R Olsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Effects of Plasma Albumin on the Pharmacokinetics of Esomeprazole in ICU Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2018:6374374. [PMID: 30643812 PMCID: PMC6311297 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6374374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effects of plasma albumin on pharmacokinetics of esomeprazole in ICU patients. Methods This study was performed in 32 consecutive intensive care unit (ICU) patients. They were divided into two groups according to the plasma albumin levels. Nineteen patients with low plasma albumin levels (<30 g/L; male/female, 12/7) were assigned to low plasma albumin group (LPAG). Thirteen patients with plasma albumin levels >30 g/L (male/female, 9/4) were assigned to high plasma albumin group (HPAG). All patients were received intravenous (IV) of 40 mg esomeprazole in 5 min. Blood samples were collected via basilic vein at different time points and concentrations of esomeprazole were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. Results MRT(0-∞), t1/2, V, CL, and Cmax between two groups were significantly difference (P<0.05). Compared with HPAG, MRT(0-∞), t1/2, and V of esomeprazole in LPAG were increased by 1.42-fold, 1.49-fold, and 1.24-fold, respectively; the maximum drug concentration of esomeprazole in LPAG was decreased to 82.5%. AUC(0-∞) of LPAG was 1.23 times than that of group B. CL in LPAG was 80% of HPAG. There was no statistical difference between the two groups of AUC(0-∞) and CL. Conclusions Some pharmacokinetic parameters of esomeprazole may be changed in ICU patients with low plasma albumin.
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