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Schaff F, Jud C, Dierolf M, Günther B, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Sauter A, Woertler K, Thalhammer J, Meurer F, Neumann J, Pfeiffer F, Pfeiffer D. Feasibility of Dark-Field Radiography to Enhance Detection of Nondisplaced Fractures. Radiology 2024; 311:e231921. [PMID: 38805732 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Background Many clinically relevant fractures are occult on conventional radiographs and therefore challenging to diagnose reliably. X-ray dark-field radiography is a developing method that uses x-ray scattering as an additional signal source. Purpose To investigate whether x-ray dark-field radiography enhances the depiction of radiographically occult fractures in an experimental model compared with attenuation-based radiography alone and whether the directional dependence of dark-field signal impacts observer ratings. Materials and Methods Four porcine loin ribs had nondisplaced fractures experimentally introduced. Microstructural changes were visually verified using high-spatial-resolution three-dimensional micro-CT. X-ray dark-field radiographs were obtained before and after fracture, with the before-fracture scans serving as control images. The presence of a fracture was scored by three observers using a six-point scale (6, surely; 5, very likely; 4, likely; 3, unlikely; 2, very unlikely; and 1, certainly not). Differences between scores based on attenuation radiographs alone (n = 96) and based on combined attenuation and dark-field radiographs (n = 96) were evaluated by using the DeLong method to compare areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The impact of the dark-field signal directional sensitivity on observer ratings was evaluated using the Wilcoxon test. The dark-field data were split into four groups (24 images per group) according to their sensitivity orientation and tested against each other. Musculoskeletal dark-field radiography was further demonstrated on human finger and foot specimens. Results The addition of dark-field radiographs was found to increase the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to 1 compared with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.94) using attenuation-based radiographs alone (P < .001). There were similar observer ratings for the four different dark-field sensitivity orientations (P = .16-.65 between the groups). Conclusion These results suggested that the inclusion of dark-field radiography has the potential to help enhance the detection of nondisplaced fractures compared with attenuation-based radiography alone. © RSNA, 2024 See also the editorial by Rubin in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schaff
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Christoph Jud
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Martin Dierolf
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Benedikt Günther
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Andreas Sauter
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Klaus Woertler
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Johannes Thalhammer
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Felix Meurer
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Jan Neumann
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
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Guo P, Zhang L, Lu J, Zhang H, Zhu X, Wu C, Zhan X, Yin H, Wang Z, Xu Y, Wang Z. Grating-based x-ray dark-field CT for lung cancer diagnosis in mice. Eur Radiol Exp 2024; 8:12. [PMID: 38270720 PMCID: PMC10810771 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-023-00399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low absorption of x-rays in lung tissue and the poor resolution of conventional computed tomography (CT) limits its use to detect lung disease. However, x-ray dark-field imaging can sense the scattered x-rays deflected by the structures being imaged. This technique can facilitate the detection of small alveolar lesions that would be difficult to detect with conventional CT. Therefore, it may provide an alternative imaging modality to diagnose lung disease at an early stage. METHODS Eight mice were inoculated with lung cancers simultaneously. Each time two mice were scanned using a grating-based dark-field CT on days 4, 8, 12, and 16 after the introduction of the cancer cells. The detectability index was calculated between nodules and healthy parenchyma for both attenuation and dark-field modalities. High-resolution micro-CT and pathological examinations were used to crosscheck and validate our results. Paired t-test was used for comparing the ability of dark-field and attenuation modalities in pulmonary nodule detection. RESULTS The nodules were shown as a signal decrease in the dark-field modality and a signal increase in the attenuation modality. The number of nodules increased from day 8 to day 16, indicating disease progression. The detectability indices of dark-field modality were higher than those of attenuation modality (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the standard attenuation CT, the dark-field CT improved the detection of lung nodules. RELEVANCE STATEMENT Dark-field CT has a higher detectability index than conventional attenuation CT in lung nodule detection. This technique could improve the early diagnosis of lung cancer. KEY POINTS • Lung cancer progression was observed using x-ray dark-field CT. • Dark-field modality complements with attenuation modality in lung nodule detection. • Dark-field modality showed a detectability index higher than that attenuation in nodule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Guo
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jincheng Lu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huitao Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chengpeng Wu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwen Zhan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Yin
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhentian Wang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Scholz J, Roiser N, Braig EM, Petrich C, Birnbacher L, Andrejewski J, Kimm MA, Sauter A, Busse M, Korbel R, Herzen J, Pfeiffer D. X-ray dark-field radiography for in situ gout diagnosis by means of an ex vivo animal study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19021. [PMID: 34561476 PMCID: PMC8463704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis, caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in peripheral joints and tissue. Detection of MSU crystals is essential for definitive diagnosis, however the gold standard is an invasive process which is rarely utilized. In fact, most patients are diagnosed or even misdiagnosed based on manifested clinical signs, as indicated by the unchanged premature mortality among gout patients over the past decade, although effective treatment is now available. An alternative, non-invasive approach for the detection of MSU crystals is X-ray dark-field radiography. In our work, we demonstrate that dark-field X-ray radiography can detect naturally developed gout in animals with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity based on the in situ measurement of MSU crystals. With the results of this study as a potential basis for further research, we believe that X-ray dark-field radiography has the potential to substantially improve gout diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Scholz
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Nathalie Roiser
- Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Omamental Fish, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Braig
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Petrich
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Lorenz Birnbacher
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jana Andrejewski
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Melanie A Kimm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Sauter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Madleen Busse
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Korbel
- Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Omamental Fish, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Andrejewski J, De Marco F, Willer K, Noichl W, Gustschin A, Koehler T, Meyer P, Kriner F, Fischer F, Braun C, Fingerle AA, Herzen J, Pfeiffer F, Pfeiffer D. Whole-body x-ray dark-field radiography of a human cadaver. Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:6. [PMID: 33495889 PMCID: PMC7835263 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-020-00201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grating-based x-ray dark-field and phase-contrast imaging allow extracting information about refraction and small-angle scatter, beyond conventional attenuation. A step towards clinical translation has recently been achieved, allowing further investigation on humans. METHODS After the ethics committee approval, we scanned the full body of a human cadaver in anterior-posterior orientation. Six measurements were stitched together to form the whole-body image. All radiographs were taken at a three-grating large-object x-ray dark-field scanner, each lasting about 40 s. Signal intensities of different anatomical regions were assessed. The magnitude of visibility reduction caused by beam hardening instead of small-angle scatter was analysed using different phantom materials. Maximal effective dose was 0.3 mSv for the abdomen. RESULTS Combined attenuation and dark-field radiography are technically possible throughout a whole human body. High signal levels were found in several bony structures, foreign materials, and the lung. Signal levels were 0.25 ± 0.13 (mean ± standard deviation) for the lungs, 0.08 ± 0.06 for the bones, 0.023 ± 0.019 for soft tissue, and 0.30 ± 0.02 for an antibiotic bead chain. We found that phantom materials, which do not produce small-angle scatter, can generate a strong visibility reduction signal. CONCLUSION We acquired a whole-body x-ray dark-field radiograph of a human body in few minutes with an effective dose in a clinical acceptable range. Our findings suggest that the observed visibility reduction in the bone and metal is dominated by beam hardening and that the true dark-field signal in the lung is therefore much higher than that of the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Andrejewski
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Fabio De Marco
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Konstantin Willer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Noichl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alex Gustschin
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Pascal Meyer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kriner
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Braun
- Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander A Fingerle
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Embedding cells within nanoscale, rapidly mineralizing hydrogels: A new paradigm to engineer cell-laden bone-like tissue. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107636. [PMID: 33039511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineralization is a highly specific and dynamic nanoscale process that has been studied extensively from a structural, chemical, and biological standpoint. Bone tissue, therefore, may be defined by the interplay of its intricately mineralized matrix and the cells that regulate its biological function. However, the far majority of engineered bone model systems and bone replacement materials have been unable to replicate this key characteristic of bone tissue; that is, the ability of cells to be gradually and rapidly embedded in a three-dimensional (3D) heavily calcified matrix material. Here we review the characteristics that define the bone matrix from a nanostructural perspective. We then revisit the benefits and challenges of existing model systems and engineered bone replacement materials, and discuss recent efforts to replicate the biological, cellular, mechanical, and materials characteristics of bone tissue on the nano- to microscale. We pay particular attention to a recently proposed method developed by our group, which seeks to replicate key aspects of the entrapment of bone cells within a mineralized matrix with precisions down to the level of individual nano-crystallites, inclusive of the bone vasculature, and osteogenic differentiation process. In summary, this paper discusses existing and emerging evidence pointing towards future developments bridging the gap between the fields of biomineralization, structural biology, stem cells, and tissue engineering, which we believe will hold the key to engineer truly functional bone-like tissue in the laboratory.
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Graetz J, Balles A, Hanke R, Zabler S. Review and experimental verification of x-ray dark-field signal interpretations with respect to quantitative isotropic and anisotropic dark-field computed tomography. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:235017. [PMID: 32916662 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abb7c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Talbot(-Lau) interferometric x-ray and neutron dark-field imaging has, over the past decade, gained substantial interest for its ability to provide insights into a sample's microstructure below the imaging resolution by means of ultra small angle scattering effects. Quantitative interpretations of such images depend on models of the signal origination process that relate the observable image contrast to underlying physical processes. A review of such models is given here and their relation to the wave optical derivations by Yashiro et al and Lynch et al as well as to small angle scattering is discussed. Fresnel scaling is introduced to explain the characteristic distance dependence observed in cone beam geometries. Moreover, a model describing the anisotropic signals of fibrous objects is derived. The Yashiro-Lynch model is experimentally verified both in radiographic and tomographic imaging in a monochromatic synchrotron setting, considering both the effects of material and positional dependence of the resulting dark-field contrast. The effect of varying sample-detector distance on the dark-field signal is shown to be non-negligible for tomographic imaging, yet can be largely compensated for by symmetric acquisition trajectories. The derived orientation dependence of the dark-field contrast of fibrous materials both with respect to variations in autocorrelation width and scattering cross section is experimentally validated using carbon fiber reinforced rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Graetz
- Lehrstuhl für Röntgenmikroskopie, Universität Würzburg, Josef-Martin-Weg 63, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. Fraunhofer IIS, division EZRT, Flugplatzstraße 75, 90768 Fürth / Josef-Martin-Weg 63, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Simiele EA, Breitkreutz DY, Capaldi DPI, Liu W, Bush KK, Skinner LB. Precision radiotherapy using monochromatic inverse Compton x-ray sources. Med Phys 2020; 48:366-375. [PMID: 33107049 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The dosimetric properties of inverse Compton (IC) x-ray sources were investigated to determine their utility for stereotactic radiation therapy. METHODS Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the egs brachy user code of EGSnrc. Nominal IC source x-ray energies of 80 and 150 keV were considered in this work. Depth-dose and lateral dose profiles in water were calculated, as was dose enhancement in the bone. Further simulations were performed for brain and spine treatment sites. The impact of gold nanoparticle doping was also investigated for the brain treatment site. Analogous dose calculations were performed in a clinical treatment planning system using a clinical 6 MV photon beam model and were compared to the Monte Carlo simulations. RESULTS Both 80 and 150 keV IC beams were observed to have sharp 80-20 penumbra (i.e., < 0.1 mm) with broad low-dose tails in water. For reference, the calculated penumbra for the 6 MV clinical beam was 3 mm. Maximum dose enhancement factors in bone of 3.1, 1.4, and 1.1 were observed for the 80, 150 keV, and clinical 6 MV beams, respectively. The plan quality for the single brain metastasis case was similar between the IC beams and the 6 MV beam without gold nanoparticles. As the concentration of gold within the target increased, the V12 Gy to the normal brain tissue and D max within the target volume significantly decreased and the conformity significantly improved, which resulted in superior plan quality over the clinical 6 MV beam plan. In the spine cases, the sharp penumbra and enhanced dose to bone of the IC beams produced superior plan quality (i.e., better conformity, normal tissue sparing, and spinal cord sparing) as compared to the clinical 6 MV beam plans. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this work indicate that inverse Compton x-ray sources are well suited for stereotactic radiotherapy treatments due to their sharp penumbra and dose enhancement around high atomic number materials. Future work includes investigating the properties of intensity-modulated inverse Compton x-ray sources to improve the homogeneity within the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Simiele
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dylan Y Breitkreutz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dante P I Capaldi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Wu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karl K Bush
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lawrie B Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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8
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Günther B, Gradl R, Jud C, Eggl E, Huang J, Kulpe S, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. The versatile X-ray beamline of the Munich Compact Light Source: design, instrumentation and applications. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1395-1414. [PMID: 32876618 PMCID: PMC7467334 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520008309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inverse Compton scattering provides means to generate low-divergence partially coherent quasi-monochromatic, i.e. synchrotron-like, X-ray radiation on a laboratory scale. This enables the transfer of synchrotron techniques into university or industrial environments. Here, the Munich Compact Light Source is presented, which is such a compact synchrotron radiation facility based on an inverse Compton X-ray source (ICS). The recent improvements of the ICS are reported first and then the various experimental techniques which are most suited to the ICS installed at the Technical University of Munich are reviewed. For the latter, a multipurpose X-ray application beamline with two end-stations was designed. The beamline's design and geometry are presented in detail including the different set-ups as well as the available detector options. Application examples of the classes of experiments that can be performed are summarized afterwards. Among them are dynamic in vivo respiratory imaging, propagation-based phase-contrast imaging, grating-based phase-contrast imaging, X-ray microtomography, K-edge subtraction imaging and X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, plans to upgrade the beamline in order to enhance its capabilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Günther
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Regine Gradl
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Eggl
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kulpe
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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9
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Burger K, Urban T, Dombrowsky AC, Dierolf M, Günther B, Bartzsch S, Achterhold K, Combs SE, Schmid TE, Wilkens JJ, Pfeiffer F. Technical and dosimetric realization of in vivo x-ray microbeam irradiations at the Munich Compact Light Source. Med Phys 2020; 47:5183-5193. [PMID: 32757280 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE X-ray microbeam radiation therapy is a preclinical concept for tumor treatment promising tissue sparing and enhanced tumor control. With its spatially separated, periodic micrometer-sized pattern, this method requires a high dose rate and a collimated beam typically available at large synchrotron radiation facilities. To treat small animals with microbeams in a laboratory-sized environment, we developed a dedicated irradiation system at the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS). METHODS A specially made beam collimation optic allows to increase x-ray fluence rate at the position of the target. Monte Carlo simulations and measurements were conducted for accurate microbeam dosimetry. The dose during irradiation is determined by a calibrated flux monitoring system. Moreover, a positioning system including mouse monitoring was built. RESULTS We successfully commissioned the in vivo microbeam irradiation system for an exemplary xenograft tumor model in the mouse ear. By beam collimation, a dose rate of up to 5.3 Gy/min at 25 keV was achieved. Microbeam irradiations using a tungsten collimator with 50 μm slit size and 350 μm center-to-center spacing were performed at a mean dose rate of 0.6 Gy/min showing a high peak-to-valley dose ratio of about 200 in the mouse ear. The maximum circular field size of 3.5 mm in diameter can be enlarged using field patching. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that we can perform in vivo microbeam experiments at the MuCLS with a dedicated dosimetry and positioning system to advance this promising radiation therapy method at commercially available compact microbeam sources. Peak doses of up to 100 Gy per treatment seem feasible considering a recent upgrade for higher photon flux. The system can be adapted for tumor treatment in different animal models, for example, in the hind leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Burger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Theresa Urban
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Annique C Dombrowsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Stefan Bartzsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas E Schmid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jan J Wilkens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, München, 81675, Germany
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10
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Synchrotron radiation imaging analysis of neural damage in mouse soleus muscle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4555. [PMID: 32165699 PMCID: PMC7067770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to lower limb muscles requires accurate analysis of the muscular condition via objective microscopic diagnosis. However, microscopic tissue analysis may cause deformation of the tissue structure due to injury induced by external factors during tissue sectioning. To substantiate these muscle injuries, we used synchrotron X-ray imaging technology to project extremely small objects, provide three-dimensional microstructural analysis as extracted samples. In this study, we used mice as experimental animals to create soleus muscle models with various nerve injuries. We morphologically analyzed and quantified the damaged Section and Crush muscles, respectively, via three-dimensional visualization using synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging to diagnose muscle injury. Results of this study can also be used as basic data in the medical imaging field.
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11
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Morgan KS, Paganin DM. Applying the Fokker-Planck equation to grating-based x-ray phase and dark-field imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17465. [PMID: 31767904 PMCID: PMC6877582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray imaging has conventionally relied upon attenuation to provide contrast. In recent years, two complementary modalities have been added; (a) phase contrast, which can capture low-density samples that are difficult to see using attenuation, and (b) dark-field x-ray imaging, which reveals the presence of sub-pixel sample structures. These three modalities can be accessed using a crystal analyser, a grating interferometer or by looking at a directly-resolved grid, grating or speckle pattern. Grating and grid-based methods extract a differential phase signal by measuring how far a feature in the illumination has been shifted transversely due to the presence of a sample. The dark-field signal is extracted by measuring how the visibility of the structured illumination is decreased, typically due to the presence of sub-pixel structures in a sample. The strength of the dark-field signal may depend on the grating period, the pixel size and the set-up distances, and additional dark-field signal contributions may be seen as a result of strong phase effects or other factors. In this paper we show that the finite-difference form of the Fokker-Planck equation can be applied to describe the drift (phase signal) and diffusion (dark-field signal) of the periodic or structured illumination used in phase contrast x-ray imaging with gratings, in order to better understand any cross-talk between attenuation, phase and dark-field x-ray signals. In future work, this mathematical description could be used as a basis for new approaches to the inverse problem of recovering both phase and dark-field information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaye S Morgan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Munich School of Bioengineering, and Institute of Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - David M Paganin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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12
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Diffractive small angle X-ray scattering imaging for anisotropic structures. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5130. [PMID: 31719528 PMCID: PMC6851111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insights into the micro- and nano-architecture of materials is crucial for understanding and predicting their macroscopic behaviour. In particular, for emerging applications such as meta-materials, the micrometer scale becomes highly relevant. The micro-architecture of such materials can be tailored to exhibit specific mechanical, optical or electromagnetic behaviours. Consequently, quality control at micrometer scale must be guaranteed over extended areas. Mesoscale investigations over millimetre sized areas can be performed by scanning small angle X-ray scattering methods (SAXS). However, due to their long measurement times, real time or operando investigations are hindered. Here we present a method based on X-ray diffractive optics that enables the acquisition of SAXS signals in a single shot (few milliseconds) over extended areas. This method is applicable to a wide range of X-ray sources with varying levels of spatial coherence and monochromaticity, as demonstrated from the experimental results. This enables a scalable solution of spatially resolved SAXS. Mesoscale investigations of material microarchitecture using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) methods have been limited by long measurement times. Here, the authors present an X-ray diffractive optics method which enables single shot acquisition of SAXS signals over large areas.
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13
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Günther B, Hehn L, Jud C, Hipp A, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. Full-field structured-illumination super-resolution X-ray transmission microscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2494. [PMID: 31175291 PMCID: PMC6555788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern transmission X-ray microscopy techniques provide very high resolution at low and medium X-ray energies, but suffer from a limited field-of-view. If sub-micrometre resolution is desired, their field-of-view is typically limited to less than one millimetre. Although the field-of-view increases through combining multiple images from adjacent regions of the specimen, so does the required data acquisition time. Here, we present a method for fast full-field super-resolution transmission microscopy by structured illumination of the specimen. This technique is well-suited even for hard X-ray energies above 30 keV, where efficient optics are hard to obtain. Accordingly, investigation of optically thick specimen becomes possible with our method combining a wide field-of-view spanning multiple millimetres, or even centimetres, with sub-micron resolution and hard X-ray energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Günther
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Lorenz Hehn
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Hipp
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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14
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Baran P, Mayo S, McCormack M, Pacile S, Tromba G, Dullin C, Zanconati F, Arfelli F, Dreossi D, Fox J, Prodanovic Z, Cholewa M, Quiney H, Dimmock M, Nesterets Y, Thompson D, Brennan P, Gureyev T. High-Resolution X-Ray Phase-Contrast 3-D Imaging of Breast Tissue Specimens as a Possible Adjunct to Histopathology. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:2642-2650. [PMID: 29994112 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2845905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological analysis is the current gold standard in breast cancer diagnosis and management, however, as imaging technology improves, the amount of potential diagnostic information that may be demonstrable radiologically should also increase. We aimed to evaluate the potential clinical usefulness of 3-D phase-contrast micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging at high spatial resolutions as an adjunct to conventional histological microscopy. Ten breast tissue specimens, 2 mm in diameter, were scanned at the SYRMEP beamline of the Elettra Synchrotron using the propagation-based phase-contrast micro-tomography method. We obtained pixel size images, which were analyzed and compared with corresponding histological sections examined under light microscopy. To evaluate the effect of spatial resolution on breast cancer diagnosis, scans with four different pixel sizes were also performed. Our comparative analysis revealed that high-resolution images can enable, at a near-histological level, detailed architectural assessment of tissue that may permit increased breast cancer diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when compared with current imaging practices. The potential clinical applications of this method are also discussed.
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15
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Braig EM, Birnbacher L, Schaff F, Gromann L, Fingerle A, Herzen J, Rummeny E, Noël P, Pfeiffer F, Muenzel D. Simultaneous wood and metal particle detection on dark-field radiography. Eur Radiol Exp 2018; 2:1. [PMID: 29708215 PMCID: PMC5909361 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-017-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the detection of retained wood is a frequent but challenging task in emergency care. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate improved foreign-body detection with the novel approach of preclinical X-ray dark-field radiography. Methods At a preclinical dark-field x-ray radiography, setup resolution and sensitivity for simultaneous detection of wooden and metallic particles have been evaluated in a phantom study. A clinical setting has been simulated with a formalin fixated human hand where different typical foreign-body materials have been inserted. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) have been determined for all test objects. Results On the phantom, the SNR value for wood in the dark-field channel was strongly improved by a factor 6 compared to conventional radiography and even compared to the SNR of an aluminium structure of the same size in conventional radiography. Splinters of wood < 300 μm in diameter were clearly detected on the dark-field radiography. Dark-field radiography of the formalin-fixated human hand showed a clear signal for wooden particles that could not be identified on conventional radiography. Conclusions x-ray dark-field radiography enables the simultaneous detection of wooden and metallic particles in the extremities. It has the potential to improve and simplify the current state-of-the-art foreign-body detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Braig
- 1Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,2Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Lorenz Birnbacher
- 1Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Schaff
- 1Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lukas Gromann
- 1Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Fingerle
- 2Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- 1Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ernst Rummeny
- 2Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Peter Noël
- 1Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,2Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- 1Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,2Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany.,3Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Daniela Muenzel
- 2Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
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