1
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Melcher J, Dierolf M, Günther B, Achterhold K, Pfeiffer D, Pfeiffer F. High-energy X-ray diffraction experiment employing a compact synchrotron X-ray source based on inverse Compton scattering. Z Med Phys 2024:S0939-3889(24)00029-1. [PMID: 38631968 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an important material analysis technique with a widespread use of laboratory systems. These systems typically operate at low X-ray energies (from 5 keV to 22 keV) since they rely on the small bandwidth of K-lines like copper. The narrow bandwidth is essential for precise measurements of the crystal structure in these systems. Inverse Compton X-ray source (ICS) could pave the way to XRD at high X-ray energies in a laboratory setting since these sources provide brilliant energy-tunable and partially coherent X-rays. This study demonstrates high-energy XRD at an ICS with strongly absorbing mineralogical samples embedded in soft tissue. A quantitative comparison of the measured XRD patterns with calculations of their expected shapes validates the performance of ICSs for XRD. This analysis was performed for two types of kidney stones of different materials. Since these stones are not isolated in a human body, the influence of the surrounding soft tissue on the XRD pattern is investigated and a correction for this soft tissue contribution is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Melcher
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany; TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Busse M, Ferstl S, Kimm MA, Hehn L, Steiger K, Allner S, Muller M, Drecoll E, Burkner T, Dierolf M, Gleich B, Weichert W, Pfeiffer F. Multi-Scale Investigation of Human Renal Tissue in Three Dimensions. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2022; 41:3489-3497. [PMID: 36251918 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3214344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Histopathology as a diagnostic mainstay for tissue evaluation is strictly a 2D technology. Combining and supplementing this technology with 3D imaging has been proposed as one future avenue towards refining comprehensive tissue analysis. To this end, we have developed a laboratory-based X-ray method allowing for the investigation of tissue samples in three dimensions with isotropic volume information. To assess the potential of our method for micro-morphology evaluation, we selected several kidney regions from three patients with cystic kidney disease, obstructive nephropathy and diabetic glomerulopathy. Tissue specimens were processed using our in-house-developed X-ray eosin stain and investigated with a commercial microCT and our in-house-built NanoCT. The microCT system provided overview scans with voxel sizes of [Formula: see text] and the NanoCT was employed for higher resolutions including voxel sizes from [Formula: see text] to 210 nm. We present a methodology allowing for a precise micro-morphologic investigation in three dimensions which is compatible with conventional histology. Advantages of our methodology are its versatility with respect to multi-scale investigations, being laboratory-based, allowing for non-destructive imaging and providing isotropic volume information. We believe, that after future developmental work this method might contribute to advanced multi-modal tissue diagnostics.
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3
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Taphorn K, Busse M, Brantl J, Günther B, Diaz A, Holler M, Dierolf M, Mayr D, Pfeiffer F, Herzen J. X-ray Stain Localization with Near-Field Ptychographic Computed Tomography. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201723. [PMID: 35748171 PMCID: PMC9404393 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although X-ray contrast agents offer specific characteristics in terms of targeting and attenuation, their accumulation in the tissue on a cellular level is usually not known and difficult to access, as it requires high resolution and sensitivity. Here, quantitative near-field ptychographic X-ray computed tomography is demonstrated to assess the location of X-ray stains at a resolution sufficient to identify intracellular structures by means of a basis material decomposition. On the example of two different X-ray stains, the nonspecific iodine potassium iodide, and eosin Y, which mostly interacts with proteins and peptides in the cell cytoplasm, the distribution of the stains within the cells in murine kidney samples is assessed and compared to unstained samples with similar structural features. Quantitative nanoscopic stain concentrations are in good agreement with dual-energy micro computed tomography measurements, the state-of-the-art modality for material-selective imaging. The presented approach can be applied to a variety of X-ray stains advancing the development of X-ray contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Taphorn
- Chair of Biomedical PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsSchool of Natural SciencesTechnical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE)Technical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
| | - Madleen Busse
- Chair of Biomedical PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsSchool of Natural SciencesTechnical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE)Technical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
| | - Johannes Brantl
- Chair of Biomedical PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsSchool of Natural SciencesTechnical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE)Technical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsSchool of Natural SciencesTechnical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE)Technical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
| | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen5232Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsSchool of Natural SciencesTechnical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE)Technical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of PathologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University80337MunichGermany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsSchool of Natural SciencesTechnical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE)Technical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologySchool of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of Munich81675MünchenGermany
- Institute for Advanced StudyTechnical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Chair of Biomedical PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsSchool of Natural SciencesTechnical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE)Technical University of Munich85748GarchingGermany
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4
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Deng F, Huang J, Ember EE, Achterhold K, Dierolf M, Jentys A, Liu Y, Pfeiffer F, Lercher JA. On the Mechanism of Catalytic Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids on Carbon-Supported Palladium Hydride. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Erika E. Ember
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Andreas Jentys
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85747, Germany
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences and Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, Garching 85748, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstrasse 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85747, Germany
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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5
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Huang J, Günther B, Achterhold K, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. Simultaneous two-color X-ray absorption spectroscopy using Laue crystals at an inverse-compton scattering X-ray facility. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:1874-1880. [PMID: 34738942 PMCID: PMC8570203 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521009437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an element-selective technique that provides electronic and structural information of materials and reveals the essential mechanisms of the reactions involved. However, the technique is typically conducted at synchrotrons and usually only probes one element at a time. In this paper, a simultaneous two-color XAS setup at a laboratory-scale synchrotron facility is proposed based on inverse Compton scattering (ICS) at the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS), which is based on inverse Compton scattering (ICS). The setup utilizes two silicon crystals in a Laue geometry. A proof-of-principle experiment is presented where both silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra were simultaneously measured. The simplicity of the setup facilitates its migration to other ICS facilities or maybe to other X-ray sources (e.g. a bending-magnet beamline). Such a setup has the potential to study reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of chemical systems containing multiple elements of interest, such as a bimetallic catalyst system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Huang
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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6
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Kulpe S, Dierolf M, Günther B, Brantl J, Busse M, Achterhold K, Pfeiffer F, Pfeiffer D. Spectroscopic imaging at compact inverse Compton X-ray sources. Phys Med 2020; 79:137-144. [PMID: 33271418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging is a commonly applied technique at synchrotron sources, the application of this imaging method in clinical imaging is limited although results have shown its superiority to conventional clinical subtraction imaging. Over the past decades, compact synchrotron X-ray sources, based on inverse Compton scattering, have been developed to fill the gap between conventional X-ray tubes and synchrotron facilities. These so called inverse Compton sources (ICSs) provide a tunable, quasi-monochromatic X-ray beam in a laboratory setting with reduced spatial and financial requirements. This allows for the transfer of imaging techniques that have been limited to synchrotrons until now, like KES imaging, into a laboratory environment. This review article presents the first studies that have successfully performed KES at ICSs. These have shown that KES provides improved image quality in comparison to conventional X-ray imaging. The results indicate that medical imaging could benefit from monochromatic imaging and KES techniques. Currently, the clinical application of KES is limited by the low K-edge energy of available iodine contrast agents. However, several ICSs are under development or already in commissioning which will provide monochromatic X-ray beams with higher X-ray energies and will enable KES using high-Z elements as contrast media. With these developments, KES at an ICS has the ability to become an important tool in pre-clinical research and potentially advancing existing clinical imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kulpe
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Brantl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Madleen Busse
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaniger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaniger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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7
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Braig EM, Pfeiffer D, Willner M, Sellerer T, Taphorn K, Petrich C, Scholz J, Petzold L, Birnbacher L, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F, Herzen J. Single spectrum three-material decomposition with grating-based x-ray phase-contrast CT. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:185011. [PMID: 32460250 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab9704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging provides three simultaneous image channels originating from a single image acquisition. While the phase signal provides direct access to the electron density in tomography, there is additional information on sub-resolutional structural information which is called dark-field signal in analogy to optical microscopy. The additional availability of the conventional attenuation image qualifies the method for implementation into existing diagnostic routines. The simultaneous access to the attenuation coefficient and the electron density allows for quantitative two-material discrimination as demonstrated lately for measurements at a quasi-monochromatic compact synchrotron source. Here, we investigate the transfer of the method to conventional polychromatic x-ray sources and the additional inclusion of the dark-field signal for three-material decomposition. We evaluate the future potential of grating-based x-ray phase-contrast CT for quantitative three-material discrimination for the specific case of early stroke diagnosis at conventional polychromatic x-ray sources. Compared to conventional CT, the method has the potential to discriminate coagulated blood directly from contrast agent extravasation within a single CT acquisition. Additionally, the dark-field information allows for the clear identification of hydroxyapatite clusters due to their micro-structure despite a similar attenuation as the applied contrast agent. This information on materials with sub-resolutional microstructures is considered to comprise advantages relevant for various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Braig
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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8
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Günther B, Gradl R, Jud C, Eggl E, Huang J, Kulpe S, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. The versatile X-ray beamline of the Munich Compact Light Source: design, instrumentation and applications. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:1395-1414. [PMID: 32876618 PMCID: PMC7467334 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520008309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inverse Compton scattering provides means to generate low-divergence partially coherent quasi-monochromatic, i.e. synchrotron-like, X-ray radiation on a laboratory scale. This enables the transfer of synchrotron techniques into university or industrial environments. Here, the Munich Compact Light Source is presented, which is such a compact synchrotron radiation facility based on an inverse Compton X-ray source (ICS). The recent improvements of the ICS are reported first and then the various experimental techniques which are most suited to the ICS installed at the Technical University of Munich are reviewed. For the latter, a multipurpose X-ray application beamline with two end-stations was designed. The beamline's design and geometry are presented in detail including the different set-ups as well as the available detector options. Application examples of the classes of experiments that can be performed are summarized afterwards. Among them are dynamic in vivo respiratory imaging, propagation-based phase-contrast imaging, grating-based phase-contrast imaging, X-ray microtomography, K-edge subtraction imaging and X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, plans to upgrade the beamline in order to enhance its capabilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Günther
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Regine Gradl
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Eggl
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Juanjuan Huang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kulpe
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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9
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Burger K, Urban T, Dombrowsky AC, Dierolf M, Günther B, Bartzsch S, Achterhold K, Combs SE, Schmid TE, Wilkens JJ, Pfeiffer F. Technical and dosimetric realization of in vivo x-ray microbeam irradiations at the Munich Compact Light Source. Med Phys 2020; 47:5183-5193. [PMID: 32757280 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE X-ray microbeam radiation therapy is a preclinical concept for tumor treatment promising tissue sparing and enhanced tumor control. With its spatially separated, periodic micrometer-sized pattern, this method requires a high dose rate and a collimated beam typically available at large synchrotron radiation facilities. To treat small animals with microbeams in a laboratory-sized environment, we developed a dedicated irradiation system at the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS). METHODS A specially made beam collimation optic allows to increase x-ray fluence rate at the position of the target. Monte Carlo simulations and measurements were conducted for accurate microbeam dosimetry. The dose during irradiation is determined by a calibrated flux monitoring system. Moreover, a positioning system including mouse monitoring was built. RESULTS We successfully commissioned the in vivo microbeam irradiation system for an exemplary xenograft tumor model in the mouse ear. By beam collimation, a dose rate of up to 5.3 Gy/min at 25 keV was achieved. Microbeam irradiations using a tungsten collimator with 50 μm slit size and 350 μm center-to-center spacing were performed at a mean dose rate of 0.6 Gy/min showing a high peak-to-valley dose ratio of about 200 in the mouse ear. The maximum circular field size of 3.5 mm in diameter can be enlarged using field patching. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that we can perform in vivo microbeam experiments at the MuCLS with a dedicated dosimetry and positioning system to advance this promising radiation therapy method at commercially available compact microbeam sources. Peak doses of up to 100 Gy per treatment seem feasible considering a recent upgrade for higher photon flux. The system can be adapted for tumor treatment in different animal models, for example, in the hind leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Burger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Theresa Urban
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Annique C Dombrowsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Stefan Bartzsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas E Schmid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jan J Wilkens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany.,Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, München, 81675, Germany
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10
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Kulpe S, Dierolf M, Günther B, Brantl J, Busse M, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Pfeiffer F, Pfeiffer D. Dynamic K-edge Subtraction Fluoroscopy at a Compact Inverse-Compton Synchrotron X-ray Source. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9612. [PMID: 32541788 PMCID: PMC7295988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray fluoroscopy is a commonly applied diagnostic tool for morphological and functional evaluation of the intestine in clinical routine. Acquisition of repetitive X-ray images following oral or rectal application of iodine contrast agent visualizes the time dependent distribution of the contrast medium, and helps to detect for example leakages, tumors or functional disorders. However, movements of the intestine and air trapped inside usually prevent temporal subtraction imaging to be applied to fluoroscopy of the gastrointestinal tract. K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging would enable subtraction fluoroscopy because it allows for imaging of moving organs with little artefacts. Although KES imaging is a well established technique at synchrotron sources, this imaging method is not applied in clinical routine as it relies on brilliant synchrotron radiation. Recently emerging compact synchrotron X-ray sources could provide a quasi-monochromatic, high-flux X-ray beam and allow for the application of KES in a laboratory environment. Here, we present a filter-based dynamic KES approach at the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS), the first user-dedicated installation of a compact synchrotron X-ray source worldwide. Compared to conventional temporal subtraction X-ray radiography, our approach increases the contrast while reducing the generated image artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kulpe
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Brantl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Madleen Busse
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaniger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaniger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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11
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Hehn L, Gradl R, Dierolf M, Morgan KS, Paganin DM, Pfeiffer F. Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction for Propagation-Based Phase-Contrast X-Ray CT including Models for the Source and the Detector. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2020; 39:1975-1987. [PMID: 31880549 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2962615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography is a valuable tool for high-resolution visualization of biological samples, giving distinct improvements in terms of contrast and dose requirements compared to conventional attenuation-based computed tomography. Due to its ease of implementation and advances in laboratory X-ray sources, this imaging technique is increasingly being transferred from synchrotron facilities to laboratory environments. This however poses additional challenges, such as the limited spatial coherence and flux of laboratory sources, resulting in worse resolution and higher noise levels. Here we extend a previously developed iterative reconstruction algorithm for this imaging technique to include models for the reduced spatial coherence and the signal spreading of efficient scintillator-based detectors directly into the physical forward model. Furthermore, we employ a noise model which accounts for the full covariance statistics of the image formation process. In addition, we extend the model describing the interference effects such that it now matches the formalism of the widely-used single-material phase-retrieval algorithm, which is based on the sample-homogeneity assumption. We perform a simulation study as well as an experimental study at a laboratory inverse Compton source and compare our approach to the conventional analytical approaches. We find that the modeling of the source and the detector inside the physical forward model can tremendously improve the resolution at matched noise levels and that the modeling of the covariance statistics reduces overshoots (i.e. incorrect increase / decrease in sample properties) at the sample edges significantly.
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12
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Huang J, Günther B, Achterhold K, Cui YT, Gleich B, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. Energy-Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy with an Inverse Compton Source. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8772. [PMID: 32472032 PMCID: PMC7260230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel compact x-ray sources based on inverse Compton scattering can generate brilliant hard x-rays in a laboratory setting. Their collimated intense beams with tunable well-defined x-ray energies make them well suited for x-ray spectroscopy techniques, which are typically carried out at large facilities. Here, we demonstrate a first x-ray absorption spectroscopy proof-of-principle experiment using an inverse Compton x-ray source with a flux of >1010 photons/s in <5% bandwidth. We measured x-ray absorption near edge structure and extended x-ray absorption fine structure at the silver K-edge (~25.5 keV) for a series of silver samples. We propose an energy-dispersive geometry specifically adapted to the x-ray beam properties of inverse Compton x-ray sources together with a fast concentration correction method that corrects sample inhomogeneities very effectively. The combination of our setup with the inverse Compton source generates x-ray absorption spectra with high energy resolution in exposure times down to one minute. Our results unravel the great benefit of inverse Compton scattering sources for x-ray absorption techniques in a laboratory environment, especially in the hard x-ray regime, which allows to probe absorption edges of high Z materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Huang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Yi-Tao Cui
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
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13
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Ferstl S, Busse M, Muller M, Kimm MA, Drecoll E, Burkner T, Allner S, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer D, Rummeny EJ, Weichert W, Pfeiffer F. Revealing the Microscopic Structure of Human Renal Cell Carcinoma in Three Dimensions. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2020; 39:1494-1500. [PMID: 31714220 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2952028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For fully characterizing renal cell carcinoma (RCC), information about the 3D tissue microstructure is essential. Histopathology, which represents the current diagnostic gold standard, is destructive and only provides 2D information. 3D X-ray histology endeavors to overcome these limitations by generating 3D data. In a laboratory environment, most techniques struggle with limited resolution and the weak X-ray attenuation contrast of soft tissue. We recently developed a laboratory-based method combining nanoscopic X-ray CT with a cytoplasm-specific X-ray stain. Here, we present the application of this method to human RCC biopsies. The NanoCT slices enable pathological characterization of crucial structures by reproducing tissue morphology with a similar detail level as corresponding histological light microscopy images. Beyond that, our data offer deeper insights into the 3D configuration of the tumor. By demonstrating the compatibility of the X-ray stain with standard pathological stains, we highlight the feasibility of integrating staining based NanoCT into the pathological routine.
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14
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Kulpe S, Dierolf M, Braig EM, Günther B, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Herzen J, Rummeny E, Pfeiffer F, Pfeiffer D. K-edge subtraction imaging for iodine and calcium separation at a compact synchrotron x-ray source. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2020; 7:023504. [PMID: 32341936 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.7.2.023504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: About one third of all deaths worldwide can be traced to some form of cardiovascular disease. The gold standard for the diagnosis and interventional treatment of blood vessels is digital subtraction angiography (DSA). An alternative to DSA is K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging, which has been shown to be advantageous for moving organs and for eliminating image artifacts caused by patient movement. As highly brilliant, monochromatic x-rays are required for this method, it has been limited to synchrotron facilities so far, restraining the applicability in the clinical routine. Over the past decades, compact synchrotron x-ray sources based on inverse Compton scattering have been evolving; these provide x-rays with sufficient brilliance and meet spatial and financial requirements for laboratory settings or university hospitals. Approach: We demonstrate a proof-of-principle KES imaging experiment using the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS), the first user-dedicated installation of a compact synchrotron x-ray source worldwide. A series of experiments were performed both on a phantom and an excised human carotid to demonstrate the ability of the proposed KES technique to separate the iodine contrast agent and calcifications. Results: It is shown that the proposed filter-based KES method allows for the iodine-contrast agent and calcium to be clearly separated, thereby providing x-ray images only showing one of the two materials. Conclusions: The results show that the quasimonochromatic spectrum of the MuCLS enables filter-based KES imaging and can become an important tool in preclinical research and possible future clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kulpe
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Munich School of BioEngineering, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Munich School of BioEngineering, Garching, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Braig
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Munich School of BioEngineering, Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Munich School of BioEngineering, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Munich School of BioEngineering, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Technical University of Munich, Munich School of BioEngineering, Garching, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Munich School of BioEngineering, Garching, Germany
| | - Ernst Rummeny
- Munich School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Munich School of BioEngineering, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Munich School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich, Germany
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15
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Heck L, Eggl E, Grandl S, Dierolf M, Jud C, Günther B, Achterhold K, Mayr D, Gleich B, Hellerhoff K, Pfeiffer F, Herzen J. Dose and spatial resolution analysis of grating-based phase-contrast mammography using an inverse Compton x-ray source. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2020; 7:023505. [PMID: 32341937 PMCID: PMC7175026 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.7.2.023505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Although the mortality rate of breast cancer was reduced with the introduction of screening mammography, many women undergo unnecessary subsequent examinations due to inconclusive diagnoses. Superposition of anatomical structures especially within dense breasts in conjunction with the inherently low soft tissue contrast of absorption images compromises image quality. This can be overcome by phase-contrast imaging. Approach: We analyze the spatial resolution of grating-based multimodal mammography using a mammographic phantom and one freshly dissected mastectomy specimen at an inverse Compton x-ray source. Here, the focus was on estimating the spatial resolution with the sample in the beam path and discussing benefits and drawbacks of the method used and the estimation of the mean glandular dose. Finally, the possibility of improving the spatial resolution is investigated by comparing monochromatic grating-based mammography with the standard one. Results: The spatial resolution is constant or also higher for the image acquired with monochromatic radiation and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) is higher in our approach while the dose can be reduced by up to 20%. Conclusions: In summary, phase-contrast imaging helps to improve tumor detection by advanced diagnostic image quality. We demonstrate a higher spatial resolution for one mastectomy specimen and increased CNR at an equal or lower dose for the monochromatic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Heck
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich School of BioEngineering, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Eggl
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich School of BioEngineering, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Susanne Grandl
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Institute for Clinical Radiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich School of BioEngineering, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich School of BioEngineering, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich School of BioEngineering, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich School of BioEngineering, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Institute of Pathology, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich School of BioEngineering, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany
| | - Karin Hellerhoff
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Institute for Clinical Radiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich School of BioEngineering, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Biomedical Physics, Munich School of BioEngineering, Department of Physics, Garching, Germany
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16
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Ferstl S, Schwaha T, Ruthensteiner B, Hehn L, Allner S, Müller M, Dierolf M, Achterhold K, Pfeiffer F. Nanoscopic X-ray tomography for correlative microscopy of a small meiofaunal sea-cucumber. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3960. [PMID: 32127610 PMCID: PMC7054411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of correlative microscopy, light and electron microscopy form a powerful combination for morphological analyses in zoology. Due to sample thickness limitations, these imaging techniques often require sectioning to investigate small animals and thereby suffer from various artefacts. A recently introduced nanoscopic X-ray computed tomography (NanoCT) setup has been used to image several biological objects, none that were, however, embedded into resin, which is prerequisite for a multitude of correlative applications. In this study, we assess the value of this NanoCT for correlative microscopy. For this purpose, we imaged a resin-embedded, meiofaunal sea cucumber with an approximate length of 1 mm, where microCT would yield only little information about the internal anatomy. The resulting NanoCT data exhibits isotropic 3D resolution, offers deeper insights into the 3D microstructure, and thereby allows for a complete morphological characterization. For comparative purposes, the specimen was sectioned subsequently to evaluate the NanoCT data versus serial sectioning light microscopy (ss-LM). To correct for mechanical instabilities and drift artefacts, we applied an alternative alignment procedure for CT reconstruction. We thereby achieve a level of detail on the subcellular scale comparable to ss-LM images in the sectioning plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ferstl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schwaha
- Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lorenz Hehn
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Allner
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Mark Müller
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
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17
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Dombrowsky AC, Burger K, Porth AK, Stein M, Dierolf M, Günther B, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Feuchtinger A, Bartzsch S, Beyreuther E, Combs SE, Pfeiffer F, Wilkens JJ, Schmid TE. A proof of principle experiment for microbeam radiation therapy at the Munich compact light source. Radiat Environ Biophys 2020; 59:111-120. [PMID: 31655869 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), a preclinical form of spatially fractionated radiotherapy, uses an array of microbeams of hard synchrotron X-ray radiation. Recently, compact synchrotron X-ray sources got more attention as they provide essential prerequisites for the translation of MRT into clinics while overcoming the limited access to synchrotron facilities. At the Munich compact light source (MuCLS), one of these novel compact X-ray facilities, a proof of principle experiment was conducted applying MRT to a xenograft tumor mouse model. First, subcutaneous tumors derived from the established squamous carcinoma cell line FaDu were irradiated at a conventional X-ray tube using broadbeam geometry to determine a suitable dose range for the tumor growth delay. For irradiations at the MuCLS, FaDu tumors were irradiated with broadbeam and microbeam irradiation at integral doses of either 3 Gy or 5 Gy and tumor growth delay was measured. Microbeams had a width of 50 µm and a center-to-center distance of 350 µm with peak doses of either 21 Gy or 35 Gy. A dose rate of up to 5 Gy/min was delivered to the tumor. Both doses and modalities delayed the tumor growth compared to a sham-irradiated tumor. The irradiated area and microbeam pattern were verified by staining of the DNA double-strand break marker γH2AX. This study demonstrates for the first time that MRT can be successfully performed in vivo at compact inverse Compton sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annique C Dombrowsky
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Burger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Porth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlon Stein
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bartzsch
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research, Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (dktk), Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiobiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan J Wilkens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas E Schmid
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Morgan KS, Parsons D, Cmielewski P, McCarron A, Gradl R, Farrow N, Siu K, Takeuchi A, Suzuki Y, Uesugi K, Uesugi M, Yagi N, Hall C, Klein M, Maksimenko A, Stevenson A, Hausermann D, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F, Donnelley M. Methods for dynamic synchrotron X-ray respiratory imaging in live animals. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:164-175. [PMID: 31868749 PMCID: PMC6927518 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519014863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Small-animal physiology studies are typically complicated, but the level of complexity is greatly increased when performing live-animal X-ray imaging studies at synchrotron and compact light sources. This group has extensive experience in these types of studies at the SPring-8 and Australian synchrotrons, as well as the Munich Compact Light Source. These experimental settings produce unique challenges. Experiments are always performed in an isolated radiation enclosure not specifically designed for live-animal imaging. This requires equipment adapted to physiological monitoring and test-substance delivery, as well as shuttering to reduce the radiation dose. Experiment designs must also take into account the fixed location, size and orientation of the X-ray beam. This article describes the techniques developed to overcome the challenges involved in respiratory X-ray imaging of live animals at synchrotrons, now enabling increasingly sophisticated imaging protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaye Susannah Morgan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David Parsons
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Alexandra McCarron
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Regine Gradl
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nigel Farrow
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Karen Siu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Akihisa Takeuchi
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Institute, Kouto, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Suzuki
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Institute, Kouto, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uesugi
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Institute, Kouto, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Uesugi
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Institute, Kouto, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naoto Yagi
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Institute, Kouto, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chris Hall
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, The Australian Synchrotron – ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mitzi Klein
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, The Australian Synchrotron – ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Anton Maksimenko
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, The Australian Synchrotron – ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew Stevenson
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, The Australian Synchrotron – ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel Hausermann
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, The Australian Synchrotron – ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching Germany
- Chair of Biomedical Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
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19
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Braig E, Böhm J, Dierolf M, Jud C, Günther B, Mechlem K, Allner S, Sellerer T, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Noël P, Pfeiffer D, Rummeny E, Herzen J, Pfeiffer F. Publisher Correction: Direct quantitative material decomposition employing grating-based X-ray phase-contrast CT. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11076. [PMID: 31341181 PMCID: PMC6656708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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20
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Yang L, Gradl R, Dierolf M, Möller W, Kutschke D, Feuchtinger A, Hehn L, Donnelley M, Günther B, Achterhold K, Walch A, Stoeger T, Razansky D, Pfeiffer F, Morgan KS, Schmid O. Multimodal Precision Imaging of Pulmonary Nanoparticle Delivery in Mice: Dynamics of Application, Spatial Distribution, and Dosimetry. Small 2019; 15:e1904112. [PMID: 31639283 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of nanomedicine/nanoparticles (NM/NPs) to the site of disease (e.g., the tumor or lung injury) is of vital importance for improved therapeutic efficacy. Multimodal imaging platforms provide powerful tools for monitoring delivery and tissue distribution of drugs and NM/NPs. This study introduces a preclinical imaging platform combining X-ray (two modes) and fluorescence imaging (three modes) techniques for time-resolved in vivo and spatially resolved ex vivo visualization of mouse lungs during pulmonary NP delivery. Liquid mixtures of iodine (contrast agent for X-ray) and/or (nano)particles (X-ray absorbing and/or fluorescent) are delivered to different regions of the lung via intratracheal instillation, nasal aspiration, and ventilator-assisted aerosol inhalation. It is demonstrated that in vivo propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging elucidates the dynamic process of pulmonary NP delivery, while ex vivo fluorescence imaging (e.g., tissue-cleared light sheet fluorescence microscopy) reveals the quantitative 3D drug/particle distribution throughout the entire lung with cellular resolution. The novel and complementary information from this imaging platform unveils the dynamics and mechanisms of pulmonary NM/NP delivery and deposition for each of the delivery routes, which provides guidance on optimizing pulmonary delivery techniques and novel-designed NM for targeting and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Regine Gradl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Winfried Möller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - David Kutschke
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Lorenz Hehn
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, München, 81675, Germany
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 80333, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, München, 81675, Germany
| | - Kaye S Morgan
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, 81377, Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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21
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Heck L, Dierolf M, Jud C, Eggl E, Sellerer T, Mechlem K, Günther B, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Metz S, Pfeiffer D, Kröninger K, Herzen J. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography with a compact synchrotron source. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222816. [PMID: 31600236 PMCID: PMC6786764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For early breast cancer detection, mammography is nowadays the commonly used standard imaging approach, offering a valuable clinical tool for visualization of suspicious findings like microcalcifications and tumors within the breast. However, due to the superposition of anatomical structures, the sensitivity of mammography screening is limited. Within the last couple of years, the implementation of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) based on K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging helped to improve the identification and classification of uncertain findings. In this study, we introduce another approach for CESM based on a two-material decomposition, with which we expect fundamental improvements compared to the clinical procedure. We demonstrate the potential of our proposed method using the quasi-monochromatic radiation of a compact synchrotron source-the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS)-and a modified mammographic accreditation phantom. For direct comparison with the clinical CESM approach, we also performed a standard dual-energy KES at the MuCLS, which outperformed the clinical CESM images in terms of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and spatial resolution. However, the dual-energy-based two-material decomposition approach achieved even higher CNR values. Our experimental results with quasi-monochromatic radiation show a significant improvement of the image quality at lower mean glandular dose (MGD) than the clinical CESM. At the same time, our study indicates the great potential for the material-decomposition instead of clinically used KES to improve the quantitative outcome of CESM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Heck
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Chair for Experimental Physics IV, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Eggl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Sellerer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Korbinian Mechlem
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Metz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Kevin Kröninger
- Chair for Experimental Physics IV, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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22
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Günther B, Dierolf M, Achterhold K, Pfeiffer F. Device for source position stabilization and beam parameter monitoring at inverse Compton X-ray sources. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1546-1553. [PMID: 31490142 PMCID: PMC6730616 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519006453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Compact X-ray sources based on inverse Compton scattering provide brilliant and partially coherent X-rays in a laboratory environment. The cross section for inverse Compton scattering is very small, requiring high-power laser systems as well as small laser and electron beam sizes at the interaction point to generate sufficient flux. Therefore, these systems are very sensitive to distortions which change the overlap between the two beams. In order to monitor X-ray source position, size and flux in parallel to experiments, the beam-position monitor proposed here comprises a small knife edge whose image is acquired with an X-ray camera specifically designed to intercept only a very small fraction of the X-ray beam. Based on the source position drift recorded with the monitor, a closed-loop feedback stabilizes the X-ray source position by adjusting the laser beam trajectory. A decrease of long-term source position drifts by more than one order of magnitude is demonstrated with this device. Consequently, such a closed-loop feedback system which enables stabilization of source position drifts and flux of inverse Compton sources in parallel to experiments has a significant impact on the performance of these sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Günther
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
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23
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Gradl R, Dierolf M, Yang L, Hehn L, Günther B, Möller W, Kutschke D, Stoeger T, Gleich B, Achterhold K, Donnelley M, Pfeiffer F, Schmid O, Morgan KS. Visualizing treatment delivery and deposition in mouse lungs using in vivo x-ray imaging. J Control Release 2019; 307:282-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Günther B, Hehn L, Jud C, Hipp A, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. Full-field structured-illumination super-resolution X-ray transmission microscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2494. [PMID: 31175291 PMCID: PMC6555788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern transmission X-ray microscopy techniques provide very high resolution at low and medium X-ray energies, but suffer from a limited field-of-view. If sub-micrometre resolution is desired, their field-of-view is typically limited to less than one millimetre. Although the field-of-view increases through combining multiple images from adjacent regions of the specimen, so does the required data acquisition time. Here, we present a method for fast full-field super-resolution transmission microscopy by structured illumination of the specimen. This technique is well-suited even for hard X-ray energies above 30 keV, where efficient optics are hard to obtain. Accordingly, investigation of optically thick specimen becomes possible with our method combining a wide field-of-view spanning multiple millimetres, or even centimetres, with sub-micron resolution and hard X-ray energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Günther
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Lorenz Hehn
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Hipp
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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25
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Gradl R, Morgan KS, Dierolf M, Jud C, Hehn L, Gunther B, Moller W, Kutschke D, Yang L, Stoeger T, Pfeiffer D, Gleich B, Achterhold K, Schmid O, Pfeiffer F. Dynamic In Vivo Chest X-ray Dark-Field Imaging in Mice. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2019; 38:649-656. [PMID: 30188818 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2868999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
X-ray grating interferometry is a powerful emerging tool in biomedical imaging, providing access to three complementary image modalities. In addition to the conventional attenuation modality, interferometry provides a phase modality, which visualizes soft tissue structures, and a dark-field modality, which relates to the number and size of sub-resolution scattering objects. A particularly strong dark-field signal originates from the alveoli or air sacs in the lung. Dark-field lung radiographs in animal models have already shown increased sensitivity in diagnosing lung diseases, such as lung cancer or emphysema, compared to conventional X-ray chest radiography. However, to date, X-ray dark-field lung imaging has either averaged information over several breaths or has been captured during a breath hold. In this paper, we demonstrate the first time-resolved dark-field imaging of a breath cycle in a mechanically ventilated mouse, in vivo, which was obtained using a grating interferometer. We achieved a time resolution of 0.1 s, visualizing the changes in the dark-field, phase, and attenuation images during inhalation and exhalation. These measurements show that the dark-field signal depends on the air volume and, hence, the alveolar dimensions of the lung. Conducting this type of scan with animal disease models would help to locate the optimum breath point for single-image diagnostic dark-field imaging and could indicate if the changes in the dark-field signal during breath provide a diagnostically useful complementary measure.
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Gross V, Müller M, Hehn L, Ferstl S, Allner S, Dierolf M, Achterhold K, Mayer G, Pfeiffer F. X-ray imaging of a water bear offers a new look at tardigrade internal anatomy. Zoological Lett 2019; 5:14. [PMID: 31110777 PMCID: PMC6511223 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-019-0130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tardigrades (water bears) are microscopic invertebrates of which the anatomy has been well studied using traditional techniques, but a comprehensive three-dimensional reconstruction has never been performed. In order to close this gap, we employed X-ray computed tomography (CT), a technique that is becoming increasingly popular in zoology for producing high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) scans of whole specimens. While CT has long been used to scan larger samples, its use in some microscopic animals can be problematic, as they are often too small for conventional CT yet too large for high-resolution, optics-based soft X-ray microscopy. This size gap continues to be narrowed with advancements in technology, with high-resolution imaging now being possible using both large synchrotron devices and, more recently, laboratory-based instruments. RESULTS Here we use a recently developed prototype lab-based nano-computed tomography device to image a 152 μm-long tardigrade at high resolution (200-270 nm pixel size). The resulting dataset allowed us to visualize the anatomy of the tardigrade in 3D and analyze the spatial relationships of the internal structures. Segmentation of the major structures of the body enabled the direct measurement of their respective volumes. Furthermore, we segmented every storage cell individually and quantified their volume distribution. We compare our measurements to those from published studies in which other techniques were used. CONCLUSIONS The data presented herein demonstrate the utility of CT imaging as a powerful supplementary tool for studies of tardigrade anatomy, especially for quantitative volume measurements. This nanoCT study represents the smallest complete animal ever imaged using CT, and offers new 3D insights into the spatial relationships of the internal organs of water bears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gross
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Mark Müller
- Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lorenz Hehn
- Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Simone Ferstl
- Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Allner
- Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Georg Mayer
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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27
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Kulpe S, Dierolf M, Braig E, Günther B, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Herzen J, Rummeny E, Pfeiffer F, Pfeiffer D. K-edge subtraction imaging for coronary angiography with a compact synchrotron X-ray source. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208446. [PMID: 30532277 PMCID: PMC6287837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
About one third of all deaths worldwide can be traced back to cardiovascular diseases. An interventional radiology procedure for their diagnosis is Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). An alternative to DSA is K-Edge subtraction (KES) imaging, which has been shown to be advantageous for moving organs and eliminating image artifacts caused by patient movement. As highly brilliant, monochromatic X-rays are required for this method, it has been limited to synchrotron facilities so far, restraining the feasibility in clinical routine. Compact synchrotron X-ray sources based on inverse Compton scattering, which have been evolving substantially over the past decade, provide X-rays with sufficient brilliance that meet spatial and financial requirements affordable in laboratory settings or for university hospitals. In this work, we demonstrate a first proof-of-principle K-edge subtraction imaging experiment using the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS), the first user-dedicated installation of a compact synchrotron X-ray source worldwide. It is shown experimentally that the technique of KES increases the visibility of small blood vessels overlaid by bone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kulpe
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Eva Braig
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Ernst Rummeny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Braig E, Böhm J, Dierolf M, Jud C, Günther B, Mechlem K, Allner S, Sellerer T, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Noël P, Pfeiffer D, Rummeny E, Herzen J, Pfeiffer F. Direct quantitative material decomposition employing grating-based X-ray phase-contrast CT. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16394. [PMID: 30401876 PMCID: PMC6219573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34809-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-energy CT has opened up a new level of quantitative X-ray imaging for many diagnostic applications. The energy dependence of the X-ray attenuation is the key to quantitative material decomposition of the volume under investigation. This material decomposition allows the calculation of virtual native images in contrast enhanced angiography, virtual monoenergetic images for beam-hardening artifact reduction and quantitative material maps, among others. These visualizations have been proven beneficial for various diagnostic questions. Here, we demonstrate a new method of 'virtual dual-energy CT' employing grating-based phase-contrast for quantitative material decomposition. Analogue to the measurement at two different energies, the applied phase-contrast measurement approach yields dual information in form of a phase-shift and an attenuation image. Based on these two image channels, all known dual-energy applications can be demonstrated with our technique. While still in a preclinical state, the method features the important advantages of direct access to the electron density via the phase image, simultaneous availability of the conventional attenuation image at the full energy spectrum and therefore inherently registered image channels. The transfer of this signal extraction approach to phase-contrast data multiplies the diagnostic information gained within a single CT acquisition. The method is demonstrated with a phantom consisting of exemplary solid and fluid materials as well as a chicken heart with an iodine filled tube simulating a vessel. For this first demonstration all measurements have been conducted at a compact laser-undulator synchrotron X-ray source with a tunable X-ray energy and a narrow spectral bandwidth, to validate the quantitativeness of the processing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Braig
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Germany.
| | - Jessica Böhm
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Korbinian Mechlem
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Sebastian Allner
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Sellerer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Noël
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Ernst Rummeny
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, München, Germany
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29
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Hehn L, Gradl R, Voss A, Günther B, Dierolf M, Jud C, Willer K, Allner S, Hammel JU, Hessler R, Morgan KS, Herzen J, Hemmert W, Pfeiffer F. Propagation-based phase-contrast tomography of a guinea pig inner ear with cochlear implant using a model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:5330-5339. [PMID: 30460131 PMCID: PMC6238946 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Propagation-based phase-contrast computed tomography has become a valuable tool for visualization of three-dimensional biological samples, due to its high contrast between materials with similar attenuation properties. However, one of the most-widely used phase-retrieval algorithms imposes a homogeneity assumption onto the sample, which leads to artifacts for numerous applications where this assumption is violated. Prominent examples are biological samples with highly-absorbing implants. Using synchrotron radiation, we demonstrate by the example of a guinea pig inner ear with a cochlear implant electrode, how a recently developed model-based iterative algorithm for propagation-based phase-contrast computed tomography yields distinct benefits for such a task. We find that the model-based approach improves the overall image quality, removes the detrimental influence of the implant and accurately visualizes the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Hehn
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich,
Germany
| | - Regine Gradl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - Andrej Voss
- Bio-Inspired Information Processing, Munich School of BioEngineering, Munich School of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - Konstantin Willer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich,
Germany
| | - Sebastian Allner
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - Jörg U. Hammel
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht,
Germany
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung mit Phyletischem Museum, Ernst-Haeckel-Haus und Biologiedidaktik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena,
Germany
| | | | - Kaye S. Morgan
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800,
Australia
| | - Julia Herzen
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - Werner Hemmert
- Bio-Inspired Information Processing, Munich School of BioEngineering, Munich School of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich,
Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching,
Germany
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30
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Eggl E, Grandl S, Sztrόkay-Gaul A, Dierolf M, Jud C, Heck L, Burger K, Günther B, Achterhold K, Mayr D, Wilkens JJ, Auweter SD, Gleich B, Hellerhoff K, Reiser MF, Pfeiffer F, Herzen J. Dose-compatible grating-based phase-contrast mammography on mastectomy specimens using a compact synchrotron source. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15700. [PMID: 30356116 PMCID: PMC6200806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the introduction of screening mammography, the mortality rate of breast cancer has been reduced throughout the last decades. However, many women undergo unnecessary subsequent examinations due to inconclusive diagnoses from mammography. Two pathways appear especially promising to reduce the number of false-positive diagnoses. In a clinical study, mammography using synchrotron radiation was able to clarify the diagnosis in the majority of inconclusive cases. The second highly valued approach focuses on the application of phase-sensitive techniques such as grating-based phase-contrast and dark-field imaging. Feasibility studies have demonstrated a promising enhancement of diagnostic content, but suffer from dose concerns. Here we present dose-compatible grating-based phase-contrast and dark-field images as well as conventional absorption images acquired with monochromatic x-rays from a compact synchrotron source based on inverse Compton scattering. Images of freshly dissected mastectomy specimens show improved diagnostic content over ex-vivo clinical mammography images at lower or equal dose. We demonstrate increased contrast-to-noise ratio for monochromatic over clinical images for a well-defined phantom. Compact synchrotron sources could potentially serve as a clinical second level examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Eggl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Susanne Grandl
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Anikό Sztrόkay-Gaul
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Lisa Heck
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Karin Burger
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Thalkirchner Straße 36, 80337, München, Germany
| | - Jan J Wilkens
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Sigrid D Auweter
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Karin Hellerhoff
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Reiser
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
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31
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Töpperwien M, Gradl R, Keppeler D, Vassholz M, Meyer A, Hessler R, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F, Moser T, Salditt T. Propagation-based phase-contrast x-ray tomography of cochlea using a compact synchrotron source. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4922. [PMID: 29563553 PMCID: PMC5862924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that phase retrieval and tomographic imaging at the organ level of small animals can be advantageously carried out using the monochromatic radiation emitted by a compact x-ray light source, without further optical elements apart from source and detector. This approach allows to carry out microtomography experiments which - due to the large performance gap with respect to conventional laboratory instruments - so far were usually limited to synchrotron sources. We demonstrate the potential by mapping the functional soft tissue within the guinea pig and marmoset cochlea, including in the latter case an electrical cochlear implant. We show how 3d microanatomical studies without dissection or microscopic imaging can enhance future research on cochlear implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Töpperwien
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Gradl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Daniel Keppeler
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Malte Vassholz
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Meyer
- InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Center for Nanoscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Bernstein Focus for Neurotechnology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Center for Nanoscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany.
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32
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Hehn L, Morgan K, Bidola P, Noichl W, Gradl R, Dierolf M, Noël PB, Pfeiffer F. Nonlinear statistical iterative reconstruction for propagation-based phase-contrast tomography. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:016105. [PMID: 31069290 PMCID: PMC6481703 DOI: 10.1063/1.4990387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Propagation-based phase-contrast tomography has become a valuable tool for visualization of three-dimensional biological samples, due to its high sensitivity and its potential in providing increased contrast between materials with similar absorption properties. We present a statistical iterative reconstruction algorithm for this imaging technique in the near-field regime. Under the assumption of a single material, the propagation of the x-ray wavefield-relying on the transport-of-intensity equation-is made an integral part of the tomographic reconstruction problem. With a statistical approach acting directly on the measured intensities, we find an unconstrained nonlinear optimization formulation whose solution yields the three-dimensional distribution of the sample. This formulation not only omits the intermediate step of retrieving the projected thicknesses but also takes the statistical properties of the measurements into account and incorporates prior knowledge about the sample in the form of regularization techniques. We show some advantages of this integrated approach compared to two-step approaches on data obtained using a commercially available x-ray micro-tomography system. In particular, we address one of the most considerable challenges of the imaging technique, namely, the artifacts arising from samples containing highly absorbing features. With the use of statistical weights in our noise model, we can account for these materials and recover features in the vicinity of the highly absorbing features that are lost in the conventional two-step approaches. In addition, the statistical modeling of our reconstruction approach will prove particularly beneficial in the ongoing transition of this imaging technique from synchrotron facilities to laboratory setups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pidassa Bidola
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Noichl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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33
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Gradl R, Dierolf M, Hehn L, Günther B, Yildirim AÖ, Gleich B, Achterhold K, Pfeiffer F, Morgan KS. Propagation-based Phase-Contrast X-ray Imaging at a Compact Light Source. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4908. [PMID: 28687726 PMCID: PMC5501835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the applicability of propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging at a laser-assisted compact light source with known phantoms and the lungs and airways of a mouse. The Munich Compact Light Source provides a quasi-monochromatic beam with partial spatial coherence, and high flux relative to other non-synchrotron sources (up to 1010 ph/s). In our study we observe significant edge-enhancement and quantitative phase-retrieval is successfully performed on the known phantom. Furthermore the images of a small animal show the potential for live bio-imaging research studies that capture biological function using short exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Gradl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Institute for Advanced Studies, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Lorenz Hehn
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Max-Plank-Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermannstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumologie Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Lung Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Studies, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Kaye Susannah Morgan
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Studies, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a, 85748, Garching, Germany.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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34
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Gradl R, Zanette I, Ruiz-Yaniz M, Dierolf M, Rack A, Zaslansky P, Pfeiffer F. Mass Density Measurement of Mineralized Tissue with Grating-Based X-Ray Phase Tomography. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167797. [PMID: 28002416 PMCID: PMC5176275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the mineral content distribution in highly mineralized tissues, such as bones and teeth, is fundamental in understanding a variety of structural questions ranging from studies of the mechanical properties to improved pathological investigations. However, non-destructive, volumetric and quantitative density measurements of mineralized samples, some of which may extend several mm in size, remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate the potential of grating-based x-ray phase tomography to gain insight into the three-dimensional mass density distribution of tooth tissues in a non-destructive way and with a sensitivity of 85 mg/cm3. Density gradients of 13 − 19% over 1 − 2 mm within typical samples are detected, and local variations in density of 0.4 g/cm3 on a length scale of 0.1 mm are revealed. This method proves to be an excellent quantitative tool for investigations of subtle differences in mineral content of mineralized tissues that can change following treatment or during ageing and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Gradl
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Irene Zanette
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Maite Ruiz-Yaniz
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Rack
- The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
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35
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Eggl E, Dierolf M, Achterhold K, Jud C, Günther B, Braig E, Gleich B, Pfeiffer F. The Munich Compact Light Source: initial performance measures. J Synchrotron Radiat 2016; 23:1137-42. [PMID: 27577768 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751600967x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While large-scale synchrotron sources provide a highly brilliant monochromatic X-ray beam, these X-ray sources are expensive in terms of installation and maintenance, and require large amounts of space due to the size of storage rings for GeV electrons. On the other hand, laboratory X-ray tube sources can easily be implemented in laboratories or hospitals with comparatively little cost, but their performance features a lower brilliance and a polychromatic spectrum creates problems with beam hardening artifacts for imaging experiments. Over the last decade, compact synchrotron sources based on inverse Compton scattering have evolved as one of the most promising types of laboratory-scale X-ray sources: they provide a performance and brilliance that lie in between those of large-scale synchrotron sources and X-ray tube sources, with significantly reduced financial and spatial requirements. These sources produce X-rays through the collision of relativistic electrons with infrared laser photons. In this study, an analysis of the performance, such as X-ray flux, source size and spectra, of the first commercially sold compact light source, the Munich Compact Light Source, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Eggl
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Jud
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eva Braig
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Physik-Department und Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Abstract
Near-field X-ray ptychography has recently been proposed and shown to be able to retrieve a sample's complex-valued transmission function from multiple near-field diffraction images each with a lateral shift of the sample and with a structured (by a diffuser) illumination [Stockmar et al. Sci Rep. 3 (2013)]. In this paper, we undertake the first investigation - via numerical simulation - of the influence of the sampling and step size of the lateral shifts, the diffuser structure size, and the propagation distance on the reconstruction of the sample's transmission function. We find that for a gold Siemens star of thickness 750 nm with typical experimental parameters, for a successful reconstruction - given a theoretical minimum of four required measurements per imaged pixel - at least six diffraction images are required.
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Stockmar M, Hubert M, Dierolf M, Enders B, Clare R, Allner S, Fehringer A, Zanette I, Villanova J, Laurencin J, Cloetens P, Pfeiffer F, Thibault P. X-ray nanotomography using near-field ptychography. Opt Express 2015; 23:12720-31. [PMID: 26074526 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.012720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Propagation-based imaging or inline holography in combination with computed tomography (holotomography) is a versatile tool to access a sample's three-dimensional (3D) micro or nano structure. However, the phase retrieval step needed prior to tomographic reconstruction can be challenging especially for strongly absorbing and refracting samples. Near-field ptychography is a recently developed phase imaging method that has been proven to overcome this hurdle in projection data. In this work we extend near-field ptychography to three dimensions and we show that, in combination with tomography, it can access the nano structure of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The quality of the resulting tomographic data and the structural properties of the anode extracted from this volume were compared to previous results obtained with holotomography. This work highlights the potential of 3D near-field ptychography for reliable and detailed investigations of samples at the nanometer scale, with important applications in materials and life sciences among others.
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Zanette I, Enders B, Dierolf M, Thibault P, Gradl R, Diaz A, Guizar-Sicairos M, Menzel A, Pfeiffer F, Zaslansky P. Ptychographic X-ray nanotomography quantifies mineral distributions in human dentine. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9210. [PMID: 25790969 PMCID: PMC4366856 DOI: 10.1038/srep09210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bones are bio-composites with biologically tunable mechanical properties, where a polymer matrix of nanofibrillar collagen is reinforced by apatite mineral crystals. Some bones, such as antler, form and change rapidly, while other bone tissues, such as human tooth dentine, develop slowly and maintain constant composition and architecture for entire lifetimes. When studying apatite mineral microarchitecture, mineral distributions or mineralization activity of bone-forming cells, representative samples of tissue are best studied at submicrometre resolution while minimizing sample-preparation damage. Here, we demonstrate the power of ptychographic X-ray tomography to map variations in the mineral content distribution in three dimensions and at the nanometre scale. Using this non-destructive method, we observe nanostructures surrounding hollow tracts that exist in human dentine forming dentinal tubules. We reveal unprecedented quantitative details of the ultrastructure clearly revealing the spatially varying mineralization density. Such information is essential for understanding a variety of natural and therapeutic effects for example in bone tissue healing and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zanette
- 1] Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany [2] Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - B Enders
- Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Dierolf
- Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Thibault
- 1] Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany [2] Department of Physics &Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - R Gradl
- Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - A Menzel
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F Pfeiffer
- 1] Physik-Department &Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany [2] Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - P Zaslansky
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Stockmar M, Cloetens P, Zanette I, Enders B, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F, Thibault P. Near-field ptychography: phase retrieval for inline holography using a structured illumination. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1927. [PMID: 23722622 PMCID: PMC3668322 DOI: 10.1038/srep01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inline holography is a common phase-contrast imaging method which uses free-space propagation to encode the phase signal into measured intensities. However, quantitative retrieval of the sample's image remains challenging, imposing constraints on the nature of the sample or on the propagation distance. Here, we present a way of simultaneously retrieving the sample's complex-valued transmission function and the incident illumination function from near-field diffraction patterns. The procedure relies on the measurement diversity created by lateral translations of the sample with respect to a structured illumination. The reconstruction approach, in essence identical to that employed in ptychography, is applied to hard X-ray synchrotron measurements and to simulations. Compared to other inline holography techniques, we expect near-field ptychography to reduce reconstruction artefacts by factoring out wavefront imperfections and relaxing constraints on the sample's scattering properties, thus ultimately improving the robustness of propagation-based X-ray phase tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Stockmar
- Department of Physics and Institute for Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Menzel A, Kewish C, Kraft P, Henrich B, Jefimovs K, Vila-Comamala J, David C, Dierolf M, Thibault P, Pfeiffer F, Bunk O. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with a fast framing pixel detector. Ultramicroscopy 2010; 110:1143-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Menzel A, Kewish CM, Dierolf M, Thibault P, Kraft P, Bunk O, Jefimovs K, David C, Pfeiffer F. Hard X-ray scanning transmission microscopy with a 2Dpixel array detector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/186/1/012054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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Thibault P, Dierolf M, Bunk O, Menzel A, Pfeiffer F. Probe retrieval in ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging. Ultramicroscopy 2009; 109:338-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pfeiffer F, Thibault P, Dierolf M, Menzel A, Kewish C, David C. Coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy of extended objects. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308096177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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44
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45
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Grünzweig C, David C, Bunk O, Dierolf M, Frei G, Kühne G, Kohlbrecher J, Schäfer R, Lejcek P, Rønnow HMR, Pfeiffer F. Neutron decoherence imaging for visualizing bulk magnetic domain structures. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:025504. [PMID: 18764196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.025504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Here we introduce a novel neutron imaging method, which is based on the effect that the spatial coherence of the neutron wave front can be changed through small-angle scattering of neutrons at magnetic domain walls in the specimen. We show that the technique can be used to visualize internal bulk magnetic domain structures that are difficult to access by other techniques. The method is transferable to a wide variety of specimens, extendable to three dimensions, and well suited for investigating materials under the influence of external parameters, as, e.g., external magnetic field, temperature, or pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grünzweig
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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46
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Grünzweig C, Pfeiffer F, Bunk O, Donath T, Kühne G, Frei G, Dierolf M, David C. Design, fabrication, and characterization of diffraction gratings for neutron phase contrast imaging. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:053703. [PMID: 18513071 DOI: 10.1063/1.2930866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a neutron phase contrast imaging method based on a grating interferometer setup. The principal constituents are two absorption gratings made of gadolinium and a phase modulating grating made of silicon. The design parameters of the setup, such as periodicity, structure heights of the gratings, and the distances between the gratings, are calculated. The fabrication of each grating is described in detail. The produced diffraction gratings were finally characterized within the setup, by locally evaluating the produced contrast (visibility) in each detector pixel, resulting in a visibility map over the whole grating size. An averaged value of 23% is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grünzweig
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, SwitzerlandEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. christian.gruenzweig.@psi.ch
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47
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Johnson I, Jefimovs K, Bunk O, David C, Dierolf M, Gray J, Renker D, Pfeiffer F. Coherent diffractive imaging using phase front modifications. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:155503. [PMID: 18518122 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.155503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a coherent diffractive imaging technique that utilizes multiple exposures with modifications to the phase profile of the transmitted wave front to compensate for the missing phase information. This is a single spot technique sensitive to both the transmission and phase shift through the sample. Along with the details of the method, we present results from the first proof of principle experiment. The experiment was performed with 6.0 keV x rays, in which an estimated spatial resolution of 200 nm was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Johnson
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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48
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Bunk O, Dierolf M, Kynde S, Johnson I, Marti O, Pfeiffer F. Influence of the overlap parameter on the convergence of the ptychographical iterative engine. Ultramicroscopy 2008; 108:481-7. [PMID: 17764845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ptychographical iterative engine (PIE) algorithm is examined with both simulated and experimental scanning coherent-diffraction microscopy data. The optimum overlap in terms of image quality, dose on the sample and time of measurements is determined using simulated diffraction data. The validity of the results is supported by experimental helium-neon laser light diffraction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bunk
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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Dierolf M, Bunk O, Kynde S, Thibault P, Johnson I, Menzel A, Jefimovs K, David C, Marti O, Pfeiffer F. Ptychography & lensless X-ray imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1051/epn:2008003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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