1
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Oral Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces long-term potentiation of memory immune response to Ovalbumin airway challenge in mice. Immunol Lett 2022; 249:43-52. [PMID: 36031026 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a potent immunomodulator. It was initially used by oral administration, but it is mostly used subcutaneously nowadays. This study shows that oral BCG vaccination modifies the immune response to a second non-related antigen (Ovalbumin) systemic immunization. Airway Ovalbumin challenge six months after the systemic intraperitoneal immunization resulted in a potent γδ+ T cell response in the lungs biased to IFN-γ and IL-17 production ex vivo and a mixed Th1, Th2, and Th17 T cells upon further stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb in vitro. Higher percentages of CD4+ T cells accompanied the augmented T cell response in oral BCG vaccinated mice. Also, the proportion of Foxp-3+ Tregs was diminished compared to PBS-gavaged and OVA-immunized mice. The anti-OVA-specific antibody response was also influenced by oral exposure to BCG so that these mice produced more IgG2a and less IgE detected in the sera. These results suggest that oral BCG vaccination can modify future immune responses to vaccines and improve immunity to pathogen infections, especially in the mucosal interfaces.
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2
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Noe AR, Terry FE, Schanen BC, Sassano E, Hindocha P, Phares TW, Moise L, Christen JM, Tucker KD, Kotraiah V, Drake DR, Martin WD, De Groot AS, Gutierrez GM. Bridging Computational Vaccinology and Vaccine Development Through Systematic Identification, Characterization, and Downselection of Conserved and Variable Circumsporozoite Protein CD4 T Cell Epitopes From Diverse Plasmodium falciparum Strains. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689920. [PMID: 34168657 PMCID: PMC8217813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective malaria vaccine must prevent disease in a range of populations living in regions with vastly different transmission rates and protect against genetically-diverse Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) strains. The protective efficacy afforded by the currently licensed malaria vaccine, Mosquirix™, promotes strong humoral responses to Pf circumsporozoite protein (CSP) 3D7 but protection is limited in duration and by strain variation. Helper CD4 T cells are central to development of protective immune responses, playing roles in B cell activation and maturation processes, cytokine production, and stimulation of effector T cells. Therefore, we took advantage of recent in silico modeling advances to predict and analyze human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted class II epitopes from PfCSP – across the entire PfCSP 3D7 sequence as well as in 539 PfCSP sequence variants – with the goal of improving PfCSP-based malaria vaccines. Specifically, we developed a systematic workflow to identify peptide sequences capable of binding HLA-DR in a context relevant to achieving broad human population coverage utilizing cognate T cell help and with limited T regulatory cell activation triggers. Through this workflow, we identified seven predicted class II epitope clusters in the N- and C-terminal regions of PfCSP 3D7 and an additional eight clusters through comparative analysis of 539 PfCSP sequence variants. A subset of these predicted class II epitope clusters was synthesized as peptides and assessed for HLA-DR binding in vitro. Further, we characterized the functional capacity of these peptides to prime and activate human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), by monitoring cytokine response profiles using MIMIC® technology (Modular IMmune In vitro Construct). Utilizing this decision framework, we found sufficient differential cellular activation and cytokine profiles among HLA-DR-matched PBMC donors to downselect class II epitope clusters for inclusion in a vaccine targeting PfCSP. Importantly, the downselected clusters are not highly conserved across PfCSP variants but rather, they overlap a hypervariable region (TH2R) in the C-terminus of the protein. We recommend assessing these class II epitope clusters within the context of a PfCSP vaccine, employing a test system capable of measuring immunogenicity across a broad set of HLA-DR alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Noe
- Leidos Life Sciences, Leidos Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | | | - Brian C Schanen
- Sanofi Pasteur, VaxDesign Campus, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Emily Sassano
- Sanofi Pasteur, VaxDesign Campus, Orlando, FL, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donald R Drake
- Sanofi Pasteur, VaxDesign Campus, Orlando, FL, United States
| | | | - Anne S De Groot
- EpiVax Inc., Providence, RI, United States.,University of Georgia Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Athens, GA, United States
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3
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Cai J, Chen S, Zhu F, Lu X, Liu T, Xu W. Whole-Killed Blood-Stage Vaccine: Is It Worthwhile to Further Develop It to Control Malaria? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670775. [PMID: 33995336 PMCID: PMC8119638 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Major challenges have been encountered regarding the development of highly efficient subunit malaria vaccines, and so whole-parasite vaccines have regained attention in recent years. The whole-killed blood-stage vaccine (WKV) is advantageous as it can be easily manufactured and efficiently induced protective immunity against a blood-stage challenge, as well as inducing cross-stage protection against both the liver and sexual-stages. However, it necessitates a high dose of parasitized red blood cell (pRBC) lysate for immunization, and this raises concerns regarding its safety and low immunogenicity. Knowledge of the major components of WKV that can induce or evade the host immune response, and the development of appropriate human-compatible adjuvants will greatly help to optimize the WKV. Therefore, we argue that the further development of the WKV is worthwhile to control and potentially eradicate malaria worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Suilin Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Taiping Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
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4
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Pattinson DJ, Apte SH, Wibowo N, Rivera-Hernandez T, Groves PL, Middelberg APJ, Doolan DL. Chimeric Virus-Like Particles and Capsomeres Induce Similar CD8 + T Cell Responses but Differ in Capacity to Induce CD4 + T Cell Responses and Antibody Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564627. [PMID: 33133076 PMCID: PMC7550421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, the development of an effective malaria vaccine remains elusive. The induction of robust and sustained T cell and antibody response by vaccination is an urgent unmet need. Chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) are a promising vaccine platform. VLPs are composed of multiple subunit capsomeres which can be rapidly produced in a cost-effective manner, but the ability of capsomeres to induce antigen-specific cellular immune responses has not been thoroughly investigated. Accordingly, we have compared chimeric VLPs and their sub-unit capsomeres for capacity to induce CD8+ and CD4+ T cell and antibody responses. We produced chimeric murine polyomavirus VLPs and capsomeres each incorporating defined CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell or B cell repeat epitopes derived from Plasmodium yoelii CSP. VLPs and capsomeres were evaluated using both homologous or heterologous DNA prime/boost immunization regimens for T cell and antibody immunogenicity. Chimeric VLP and capsomere vaccine platforms induced robust CD8+ T cell responses at similar levels which was enhanced by a heterologous DNA prime. The capsomere platform was, however, more efficient at inducing CD4+ T cell responses and less efficient at inducing antigen-specific antibody responses. Our data suggest that capsomeres, which have significant manufacturing advantages over VLPs, should be considered for diseases where a T cell response is the desired outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Pattinson
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon H Apte
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nani Wibowo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penny L Groves
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anton P J Middelberg
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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5
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Sanchez Alberti A, Bivona AE, Matos MN, Cerny N, Schulze K, Weißmann S, Ebensen T, González G, Morales C, Cardoso AC, Cazorla SI, Guzmán CA, Malchiodi EL. Mucosal Heterologous Prime/Boost Vaccination Induces Polyfunctional Systemic Immunity, Improving Protection Against Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Immunol 2020; 11:128. [PMID: 32153562 PMCID: PMC7047160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several unmet needs in modern immunology. Among them, vaccines against parasitic diseases and chronic infections lead. Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is an excellent example of a silent parasitic invasion that affects millions of people worldwide due to its progression into the symptomatic chronic phase of infection. In search for novel vaccine candidates, we have previously introduced Traspain, an engineered trivalent immunogen that was designed to address some of the known mechanisms of T. cruzi immune evasion. Here, we analyzed its performance in different DNA prime/protein boost protocols and characterized the systemic immune response associated with diverse levels of protection. Formulations that include a STING agonist, like c-di-AMP in the boost doses, were able to prime a Th1/Th17 immune response. Moreover, comparison between them showed that vaccines that were able to prime polyfunctional cell-mediated immunity at the CD4 and CD8 compartment enhanced protection levels in the murine model. These findings contribute to a better knowledge of the desired vaccine-elicited immunity against T. cruzi and promote the definition of a vaccine correlate of protection against the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Sanchez Alberti
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Augusto E Bivona
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina N Matos
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natacha Cerny
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weißmann
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebensen
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Germán González
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro C Cardoso
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Cazorla
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Proietti C, Krause L, Trieu A, Dodoo D, Gyan B, Koram KA, Rogers WO, Richie TL, Crompton PD, Felgner PL, Doolan DL. Immune Signature Against Plasmodium falciparum Antigens Predicts Clinical Immunity in Distinct Malaria Endemic Communities. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:101-113. [PMID: 31658979 PMCID: PMC6944240 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence supports the role of antibodies directed against the Plasmodium spp. parasite in the development of naturally acquired immunity to malaria, however an antigen signature capable of predicting protective immunity against Plasmodium remains to be identified. Key challenges for the identification of a predictive immune signature include the high dimensionality of data produced by high-throughput technologies and the limitation of standard statistical tests in accounting for synergetic interactions between immune responses to multiple targets. In this study, using samples collected from young children in Ghana at multiple time points during a longitudinal study, we adapted a predictive modeling framework which combines feature selection and machine learning techniques to identify an antigen signature of clinical immunity to malaria. Our results show that an individual's immune status can be accurately predicted by measuring antibody responses to a small defined set of 15 target antigens. We further demonstrate that the identified immune signature is highly versatile and capable of providing precise and accurate estimates of clinical protection from malaria in an independent geographic community. Our findings pave the way for the development of a robust point-of-care test to identify individuals at high risk of disease and which could be applied to monitor the impact of vaccinations and other interventions. This approach could be also translated to biomarker discovery for other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Proietti
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lutz Krause
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela Trieu
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Dodoo
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Ben Gyan
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo A Koram
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | | | | | - Peter D Crompton
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Philip L Felgner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Loiseau C, Cooper MM, Doolan DL. Deciphering host immunity to malaria using systems immunology. Immunol Rev 2019; 293:115-143. [PMID: 31608461 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A century of conceptual and technological advances in infectious disease research has changed the face of medicine. However, there remains a lack of effective interventions and a poor understanding of host immunity to the most significant and complex pathogens, including malaria. The development of successful interventions against such intractable diseases requires a comprehensive understanding of host-pathogen immune responses. A major advance of the past decade has been a paradigm switch in thinking from the contemporary reductionist (gene-by-gene or protein-by-protein) view to a more holistic (whole organism) view. Also, a recognition that host-pathogen immunity is composed of complex, dynamic interactions of cellular and molecular components and networks that cannot be represented by any individual component in isolation. Systems immunology integrates the field of immunology with omics technologies and computational sciences to comprehensively interrogate the immune response at a systems level. Herein, we describe the system immunology toolkit and report recent studies deploying systems-level approaches in the context of natural exposure to malaria or controlled human malaria infection. We contribute our perspective on the potential of systems immunity for the rational design and development of effective interventions to improve global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Loiseau
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Martha M Cooper
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
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8
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Singh G, Pritam M, Banerjee M, Singh AK, Singh SP. Genome based screening of epitope ensemble vaccine candidates against dreadful visceral leishmaniasis using immunoinformatics approach. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103704. [PMID: 31479726 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a dreadful protozoan disease caused by Leishmania donovani that severely affects huge populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The present study reports an unbiased genome based screening of 4 potent vaccine antigens against 8023 L. donovani proteins by following the criteria of presence of signal peptides, GPI-anchors and ≤1 transmembrane helix using advanced bioinformatics tools viz. SignalP4.0, PredGPI and TMHMM2.0, respectively. They are designated as genome based predicted signal peptide antigens (GBPSPA). The antigenicity/immunogenicity of chosen vaccine antigens (GBPSPA) with 4 randomly selected known leishmanial antigens (RSKLA) was compared by simulation study employing C-ImmSim software for human immune responses. This revealed better immunological responses. These antigens were further evaluated for the presence of B- and T-cell epitopes using immune epitope database (IEDB) based recommended consensus method of MHC class I and II tools. It was found to forecast CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in genetically diverse human population worldwide as well as different endemic regions through IEDB based predicted population coverage (PPC) analysis tool. The worldwide percent PPC value of combined (HLA class I and II) epitope ensemble forecast was found to be 99.98, 99.96 and 50.04, respectively for GBPSPA, RSKLA and experimentally known epitopes (EKE) of L. donovani. Therefore, these potential antigens/epitope ensembles could favor the design of prospective and novel vaccine constructs like self-assembled epitopes as nano vaccine formulations against VL. Overall, the present study will serve as a model framework that might improve the effectiveness of designed vaccine against L. donovani and other related pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow-226028, India.
| | - Manisha Pritam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow-226028, India.
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow- 226007, India.
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow-226028, India.
| | - Satarudra Prakash Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow-226028, India; Department of Biotech and Genome, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari-845401, India.
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9
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Abstract
Malaria vaccine development has rapidly advanced in the past decade. The very first phase 3 clinical trial of the RTS,S vaccine was completed with over 15,000 African infants and children, and pilot implementation studies are underway. Next-generation candidate vaccines using novel antigens, platforms, or approaches targeting different and/or multiple stages of the Plasmodium life cycle are being tested. Many candidates, in various stages of development, promise enhanced efficacy of long duration and broad protection against genetically diverse malaria strains, with a few studies under way in target populations in endemic areas. Malaria vaccines together with other interventions promise interruption and eventual elimination of malaria in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Laurens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, Maryland, USA; .,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Malaria Research Program, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, Maryland, USA
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10
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Pattinson DJ, Apte SH, Wibowo N, Chuan YP, Rivera-Hernandez T, Groves PL, Lua LH, Middelberg APJ, Doolan DL. Chimeric Murine Polyomavirus Virus-Like Particles Induce Plasmodium Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cell and Antibody Responses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:215. [PMID: 31275867 PMCID: PMC6593135 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine against the Plasmodium parasite is likely to require the induction of robust antibody and T cell responses. Chimeric virus-like particles are an effective vaccine platform for induction of antibody responses, but their capacity to induce robust cellular responses and cell-mediated protection against pathogen challenge has not been established. To evaluate this, we produced chimeric constructs using the murine polyomavirus structural protein with surface-exposed CD8+ or CD4+ T cell or B cell repeat epitopes derived from the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein, and assessed immunogenicity and protective capacity in a murine model. Robust CD8+ T cell responses were induced by immunization with the chimeric CD8+ T cell epitope virus-like particles, however CD4+ T cell responses were very low. The B cell chimeric construct induced robust antibody responses but there was no apparent synergy when T cell and B cell constructs were administered as a pool. A heterologous prime/boost regimen using plasmid DNA priming followed by a VLP boost was more effective than homologous VLP immunization for cellular immunity and protection. These data show that chimeric murine polyomavirus virus-like particles are a good platform for induction of CD8+ T cell responses as well as antibody responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunization
- Immunization, Secondary
- Malaria Vaccines
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plasmodium yoelii
- Polyomavirus/genetics
- Polyomavirus/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Pattinson
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon H. Apte
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nani Wibowo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yap P. Chuan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penny L. Groves
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Linda H. Lua
- Protein Expression Facility, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anton P. J. Middelberg
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Denise L. Doolan
- Infectious Diseases Programme, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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11
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Goh YS, McGuire D, Rénia L. Vaccination With Sporozoites: Models and Correlates of Protection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1227. [PMID: 31231377 PMCID: PMC6560154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous efforts, the century-old goal of eradicating malaria still remains. Multiple control interventions need to be in place simultaneously to achieve this goal. In addition to effective control measures, drug therapies and insecticides, vaccines are critical to reduce mortality and morbidity. Hence, there are numerous studies investigating various malaria vaccine candidates. Most of the malaria vaccine candidates are subunit vaccines. However, they have shown limited efficacy in Phase II and III studies. To date, only whole parasite formulations have been shown to induce sterile immunity in human. In this article, we review and discuss the recent developments in vaccination with sporozoites and the mechanisms of protection involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shan Goh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel McGuire
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Heide J, Vaughan KC, Sette A, Jacobs T, Schulze Zur Wiesch J. Comprehensive Review of Human Plasmodium falciparum-Specific CD8+ T Cell Epitopes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:397. [PMID: 30949162 PMCID: PMC6438266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of malaria is an important global health issue and there is still an urgent need for the development of an effective prophylactic vaccine. Multiple studies have provided strong evidence that Plasmodium falciparum-specific MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells are important for sterile protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection. Here, we present an interactive epitope map of all P. falciparum-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes published to date, based on a comprehensive data base (IEDB), and literature search. The majority of the described P. falciparum-specific CD8+ T cells were directed against the antigens CSP, TRAP, AMA1, and LSA1. Notably, most of the epitopes were discovered in vaccine trials conducted with malaria-naïve volunteers. Only few immunological studies of P. falciparum-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes detected in patients suffering from acute malaria or in people living in malaria endemic areas have been published. Further detailed immunological mappings of P. falciparum-specific epitopes of a broader range of P. falciparum proteins in different settings and with different disease status are needed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of CD8+ T cell responses for protection, and to better guide vaccine design and to study their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Heide
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerrie C Vaughan
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Cooper MM, Loiseau C, McCarthy JS, Doolan DL. Human challenge models: tools to accelerate the development of malaria vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:241-251. [PMID: 30732492 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1580577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria challenge models, where healthy human volunteers are intentionally infected with Plasmodium species parasites under controlled conditions, can be undertaken in several well-defined ways. These challenge models enable evaluation of the kinetics of parasite growth and clearance, host-pathogen interactions and the host immune response. They can facilitate discovery of candidate diagnostic biomarkers and novel vaccine targets. As translational tools they can facilitate testing of candidate vaccines and drugs and evaluation of diagnostic tests. AREAS COVERED Until recently, malaria human challenge models have been limited to only a few Plasmodium falciparum strains and used exclusively in malaria-naïve volunteers in non-endemic regions. Several recent advances include the use of alternate P. falciparum strains and other species of Plasmodia, as well as strains attenuated by chemical, radiation or genetic modification, and the conduct of studies in pre-exposed individuals. Herein, we discuss how this diversification is enabling more thorough vaccine efficacy testing and informing rational vaccine development. EXPERT OPINION The ability to comprehensively evaluate vaccine efficacy in controlled settings will continue to accelerate the translation of candidate malaria vaccines to the clinic, and inform the development and optimisation of potential vaccines that would be effective against multiple strains in geographically and demographically diverse settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Cooper
- a Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Cairns , Australia
| | - Claire Loiseau
- a Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Cairns , Australia
| | - James S McCarthy
- b Infectious Diseases Programme , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- a Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Cairns , Australia
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14
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Cockburn IA, Seder RA. Malaria prevention: from immunological concepts to effective vaccines and protective antibodies. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1199-1211. [PMID: 30333613 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of a malaria vaccine remains a critical priority to decrease clinical disease and mortality and facilitate eradication. Accordingly, RTS,S, a protein-subunit vaccine, has completed phase III clinical trials and confers ~30% protection against clinical infection over 4 years. Whole-attenuated-sporozoite and viral-subunit vaccines induce between 20% and 100% protection against controlled human malaria infection, but there is limited published evidence to date for durable, high-level efficacy (>50%) against natural exposure. Importantly, fundamental scientific advances related to the potency, durability, breadth and location of immune responses will be required for improving vaccine efficacy with these and other vaccine approaches. In this Review, we focus on the current understanding of immunological mechanisms of protection from animal models and human vaccine studies, and on how these data should inform the development of next-generation vaccines. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of using passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies as a new approach to prevent and eliminate malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Cockburn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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