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Duane D, Freeman S, Freeman L. Moonlight-driven biological choruses in Hawaiian coral reefs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299916. [PMID: 38507354 PMCID: PMC10954159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sounds from fish and invertebrates in coral reefs can create persistent cacophonies that can be recorded for ecosystem monitoring, including during nighttime hours where visual surveys are typically not feasible. Here we use soundscape measurements in Hawaii to demonstrate that multiple coral reef communities are rapidly responsive to shifts in nighttime ambient light, with sustained changes in biological sound between moonrise and moonset. High frequency pulse train sounds from fish (0.5-1.5 kHz) are found to increase during moonlight hours, while low frequency fish vocalizations (0.1-0.3 kHz) and invertebrate sounds (2-20 kHz) are found to decrease during moonlight hours. These discoveries suggest that the rising and setting of the moon triggers regular shifts in coral reef ecosystem interactions. Future acoustic monitoring of reef health may be improved by comparing soundscapes during moonlight and non-moonlight hours, which may provide early indicators of shifts in the relative abundance of separate reef communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duane
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Simon Freeman
- Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Lauren Freeman
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island, United States of America
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2
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Hawkins LA, Saunders BJ, Landero Figueroa MM, McCauley RD, Parnum IM, Parsons MJ, Erbe C. Habitat type drives the spatial distribution of Australian fish chorus diversitya). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:2305-2320. [PMID: 37843381 DOI: 10.1121/10.0021330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Fish vocalize in association with life functions with many species calling en masse to produce choruses. Monitoring the distribution and behavior of fish choruses provides high-resolution data on fish distribution, habitat use, spawning behavior, and in some circumstances, local abundance. The purpose of this study was to use long-term passive acoustic recordings to obtain a greater understanding of the patterns and drivers of Australian fish chorus diversity at a national scale. This study detected 133 fish choruses from year-long recordings taken at 29 Australian locations with the highest fish chorus diversity identified at a site in the country's northern, tropical waters. A linear model fitted with a generalized least squares regression identified geomorphic feature type, benthic substrate type, and northness (of slope) as explanatory variables of fish chorus diversity. Geomorphic feature type was identified as the significant driver of fish chorus diversity. These results align with broad-scale patterns reported previously in fish biodiversity, fish assemblages, and fish acoustic diversity. This study has highlighted that passive acoustic monitoring of fish chorus diversity has the potential to be used as an indicator of fish biodiversity and to highlight habitats of ecological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Amy Hawkins
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Saunders
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | | | - Robert D McCauley
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Iain M Parnum
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Miles James Parsons
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Christine Erbe
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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3
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Szesciorka AR, McCullough JLK, Oleson EM. An unknown nocturnal call type in the Mariana Archipelago. JASA EXPRESS LETTERS 2023; 3:011201. [PMID: 36725531 DOI: 10.1121/10.0017068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In spring/summer of 2018 and 2021, the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Cetacean Research Program deployed drifting acoustic recorders in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zones surrounding the Mariana Archipelago. Manual assessments revealed a low-frequency (median 473-554 Hz), short-duration (median 0.596 s), stereotypic tonal nocturnal call throughout the Mariana Archipelago. Based on time of year, spatiotemporal patterns, clear division among calls (i.e., no chorusing), comparisons with known vocalizations of whales, turtles, and fish, and presence of Bryde's whale calls, and because the call has not been detected elsewhere, we hypothesize this 500-Hz pulsed call is produced by Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera brydei).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Szesciorka
- Ocean Associates, Inc. under Contract to NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, USA
| | - Jennifer L K McCullough
- Cetacean Research Program, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, USA , ,
| | - Erin M Oleson
- Cetacean Research Program, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, USA , ,
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4
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Parsons MJG, Lin TH, Mooney TA, Erbe C, Juanes F, Lammers M, Li S, Linke S, Looby A, Nedelec SL, Van Opzeeland I, Radford C, Rice AN, Sayigh L, Stanley J, Urban E, Di Iorio L. Sounding the Call for a Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.810156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic environments encompass the world’s most extensive habitats, rich with sounds produced by a diversity of animals. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is an increasingly accessible remote sensing technology that uses hydrophones to listen to the underwater world and represents an unprecedented, non-invasive method to monitor underwater environments. This information can assist in the delineation of biologically important areas via detection of sound-producing species or characterization of ecosystem type and condition, inferred from the acoustic properties of the local soundscape. At a time when worldwide biodiversity is in significant decline and underwater soundscapes are being altered as a result of anthropogenic impacts, there is a need to document, quantify, and understand biotic sound sources–potentially before they disappear. A significant step toward these goals is the development of a web-based, open-access platform that provides: (1) a reference library of known and unknown biological sound sources (by integrating and expanding existing libraries around the world); (2) a data repository portal for annotated and unannotated audio recordings of single sources and of soundscapes; (3) a training platform for artificial intelligence algorithms for signal detection and classification; and (4) a citizen science-based application for public users. Although individually, these resources are often met on regional and taxa-specific scales, many are not sustained and, collectively, an enduring global database with an integrated platform has not been realized. We discuss the benefits such a program can provide, previous calls for global data-sharing and reference libraries, and the challenges that need to be overcome to bring together bio- and ecoacousticians, bioinformaticians, propagation experts, web engineers, and signal processing specialists (e.g., artificial intelligence) with the necessary support and funding to build a sustainable and scalable platform that could address the needs of all contributors and stakeholders into the future.
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5
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Lamont TAC, Williams B, Chapuis L, Prasetya ME, Seraphim MJ, Harding HR, May EB, Janetski N, Jompa J, Smith DJ, Radford AN, Simpson SD. The sound of recovery: Coral reef restoration success is detectable in the soundscape. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Williams
- Biosciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research University College London London UK
| | | | | | - Marie J. Seraphim
- School of Health and Life Sciences University of the West of Scotland Paisley UK
| | | | | | | | - Jamaluddin Jompa
- Graduate School Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar Indonesia
- Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar Indonesia
| | - David J. Smith
- Mars Incorporated London UK
- Coral Reef Research Unit School of Life Sciences University of Essex Colchester UK
| | | | - Stephen D. Simpson
- Biosciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
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6
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It Often Howls More than It Chugs: Wind versus Ship Noise Under Water in Australia’s Maritime Regions. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine soundscapes consist of cumulative contributions by diverse sources of sound grouped into: physical (e.g., wind), biological (e.g., fish), and anthropogenic (e.g., shipping)—each with unique spatial, temporal, and frequency characteristics. In terms of anthropophony, shipping has been found to be the greatest (ubiquitous and continuous) contributor of low-frequency underwater noise in several northern hemisphere soundscapes. Our aim was to develop a model for ship noise in Australian waters, which could be used by industry and government to manage marine zones, their usage, stressors, and potential impacts. We also modelled wind noise under water to provide context to the contribution of ship noise. The models were validated with underwater recordings from 25 sites. As expected, there was good congruence when shipping or wind were the dominant sources. However, there was less agreement when other anthropogenic or biological sources were present (i.e., primarily marine seismic surveying and whales). Off Australia, pristine marine soundscapes (based on the dominance of natural, biological and physical sound) remain, in particular, near offshore reefs and islands. Strong wind noise dominates along the southern Australian coast. Underwater shipping noise dominates only in certain areas, along the eastern seaboard and on the northwest shelf, close to shipping lanes.
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7
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Simmons KR, Eggleston DB, Bohnenstiehl DR. Hurricane impacts on a coral reef soundscape. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244599. [PMID: 33626054 PMCID: PMC7904201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soundscape ecology is an emerging field in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and provides a powerful approach for assessing habitat quality and the ecological response of sound-producing species to natural and anthropogenic perturbations. Little is known of how underwater soundscapes respond during and after severe episodic disturbances, such as hurricanes. This study addresses the impacts of Hurricane Irma on the coral reef soundscape at two spur-and-groove fore-reef sites within the Florida Keys USA, using passive acoustic data collected before and during the storm at Western Dry Rocks (WDR) and before, during and after the storm at Eastern Sambo (ESB). As the storm passed, the cumulative acoustic exposure near the seabed at these sites was comparable to a small vessel operating continuously overhead for 1–2 weeks. Before the storm, sound pressure levels (SPLs) showed a distinct pattern of low frequency diel variation and increased high frequency sound during crepuscular periods. The low frequency band was partitioned in two groups representative of soniferous reef fish, whereas the high frequency band represented snapping shrimp sound production. Daily daytime patterns in low-frequency sound production largely persisted in the weeks following the hurricane. Crepuscular sound production by snapping shrimp was maintained post-hurricane with only a small shift (~1.5dB) in the level of daytime vs nighttime sound production for this high frequency band. This study suggests that on short time scales, temporal patterns in the coral reef soundscape were relatively resilient to acoustic energy exposure during the storm, as well as changes in the benthic habitat and environmental conditions resulting from hurricane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayelyn R. Simmons
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David B. Eggleston
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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8
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Thode AM, Conrad AS, Ozanich E, King R, Freeman SE, Freeman LA, Zgliczynski B, Gerstoft P, Kim KH. Automated two-dimensional localization of underwater acoustic transient impulses using vector sensor image processing (vector sensor localization). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:770. [PMID: 33639780 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Detecting acoustic transients by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) becomes problematic in nonstationary ambient noise environments characteristic of coral reefs. An alternate approach presented here uses signal directionality to automatically detect and localize transient impulsive sounds collected on underwater vector sensors spaced tens of meters apart. The procedure, which does not require precise time synchronization, first constructs time-frequency representations of both the squared acoustic pressure (spectrogram) and dominant directionality of the active intensity (azigram) on each sensor. Within each azigram, sets of time-frequency cells associated with transient energy arriving from a consistent azimuthal sector are identified. Binary image processing techniques then link sets that share similar duration and bandwidth between different sensors, after which the algorithm triangulates the source location. Unlike most passive acoustic detectors, the threshold criterion for this algorithm is bandwidth instead of pressure magnitude. Data collected from shallow coral reef environments demonstrate the algorithm's ability to detect SCUBA bubble plumes and consistent spatial distributions of somniferous fish activity. Analytical estimates and direct evaluations both yield false transient localization rates from 3% to 6% in a coral reef environment. The SNR distribution of localized pulses off Hawaii has a median of 7.7 dB and interquartile range of 7.1 dB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Thode
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
| | - Alexander S Conrad
- Greeneridge Sciences, Inc., 90 Arnold Place, Suite D, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
| | - Emma Ozanich
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
| | - Rylan King
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island 02841, USA
| | - Simon E Freeman
- Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, Rhode Island 02841, USA
| | | | - Brian Zgliczynski
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
| | - Peter Gerstoft
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
| | - Katherine H Kim
- Greeneridge Sciences, Inc., 90 Arnold Place, Suite D, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
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9
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Acoustic Characteristics of Small Research Vessels. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8120970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vessel noise is an acute and chronic stressor of a wide variety of marine fauna. Understanding, modelling and mitigating the impacts of this pollutant requires quantification of acoustic signatures for various vessel classes for input into propagation models and at present there is a paucity of such data for small vessels (<25 m). Our study provides this information for three small vessels (<6 m length and 30, 90 and 180 hp engines). The closest point of approach was recorded at various ranges across a flat, ≈10 m deep sandy lagoon, for multiple passes at multiple speeds (≈5, 10, 20, 30 km h−1) by each vessel at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Radiated noise levels (RNLs) and environment-affected source levels (ASLs) determined by linear regression were estimated for each vessel and speed. From the slowest to fastest speeds, median RNLs ranged between 153.4 and 166.1 dB re 1 µPa m, whereas ASLs ranged from 146.7 to 160.0 dB re 1 µPa m. One-third octave band-level RNLs are provided for each vessel–speed scenario, together with their interpolated received levels with range. Our study provides data on source spectra of small vessels to assist in understanding and modelling of acoustic exposure experienced by marine fauna.
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10
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Mooney TA, Di Iorio L, Lammers M, Lin TH, Nedelec SL, Parsons M, Radford C, Urban E, Stanley J. Listening forward: approaching marine biodiversity assessments using acoustic methods. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:201287. [PMID: 32968541 PMCID: PMC7481698 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems and the communities they support are changing at alarmingly rapid rates. Tracking species diversity is vital to managing these stressed habitats. Yet, quantifying and monitoring biodiversity is often challenging, especially in ocean habitats. Given that many animals make sounds, these cues travel efficiently under water, and emerging technologies are increasingly cost-effective, passive acoustics (a long-standing ocean observation method) is now a potential means of quantifying and monitoring marine biodiversity. Properly applying acoustics for biodiversity assessments is vital. Our goal here is to provide a timely consideration of emerging methods using passive acoustics to measure marine biodiversity. We provide a summary of the brief history of using passive acoustics to assess marine biodiversity and community structure, a critical assessment of the challenges faced, and outline recommended practices and considerations for acoustic biodiversity measurements. We focused on temperate and tropical seas, where much of the acoustic biodiversity work has been conducted. Overall, we suggest a cautious approach to applying current acoustic indices to assess marine biodiversity. Key needs are preliminary data and sampling sufficiently to capture the patterns and variability of a habitat. Yet with new analytical tools including source separation and supervised machine learning, there is substantial promise in marine acoustic diversity assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Author for correspondence: T. Aran Mooney e-mail:
| | - Lucia Di Iorio
- CHORUS Institute, Phelma Minatec, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Lammers
- Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, 726 South Kihei Road, Kihei, HI 96753, USA
| | - Tzu-Hao Lin
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sophie L. Nedelec
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Miles Parsons
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Craig Radford
- Institute of Marine Science, Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, PO Box 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Ed Urban
- Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jenni Stanley
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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Gibb R, Browning E, Glover‐Kapfer P, Jones KE. Emerging opportunities and challenges for passive acoustics in ecological assessment and monitoring. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory Gibb
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentCentre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College London London UK
| | - Ella Browning
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentCentre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College London London UK
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of London London UK
| | - Paul Glover‐Kapfer
- WWF‐UKLiving Planet Centre Woking UK
- Flora & Fauna International David Attenborough Building Cambridge UK
| | - Kate E. Jones
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentCentre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College London London UK
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