1
|
Brown LM, Elbon MC, Bharadwaj A, Damle G, Lachance J. Does Effective Population Size Govern Evolutionary Differences in Telomere Length? Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae111. [PMID: 38771124 PMCID: PMC11140418 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Lengths of telomeres vary by an order of magnitude across mammalian species. Similarly, age- and sex-standardized telomere lengths differ by up to 1 kb (14%) across human populations. How to explain these differences? Telomeres play a central role in senescence and aging, and genes that affect telomere length are likely under weak selection (i.e. telomere length is a trait that is subject to nearly neutral evolution). Importantly, natural selection is more effective in large populations than in small populations. Here, we propose that observed differences in telomere length across species and populations are largely due to differences in effective population sizes. In this perspective, we present preliminary evolutionary genetic evidence supporting this hypothesis and highlight the need for more data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyda M Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mia C Elbon
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ajay Bharadwaj
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gargi Damle
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dufour PC, Tsang TPN, Alston N, De Vos T, Clusella‐Trullas S, Bonebrake TC. High-resolution climate data reveal an increasing risk of warming-driven activity restriction for diurnal and nocturnal lizards. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11316. [PMID: 38694757 PMCID: PMC11056692 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Widespread species experience a variety of climates across their distribution, which can structure their thermal tolerance, and ultimately, responses to climate change. For ectotherms, activity is highly dependent on temperature, its variability and availability of favourable microclimates. Thermal exposure and tolerance may be structured by the availability and heterogeneity of microclimates for species living along temperature and/or precipitation gradients - but patterns and mechanisms underlying such gradients are poorly understood. We measured critical thermal limits (CTmax and CTmin) for five populations of two sympatric lizard species, a nocturnal gecko (Chondrodactylus bibronii) and a diurnal skink (Trachylepis variegata) and recorded hourly thermal variation for a year in three types of microclimate relevant to the activity of lizards (crevice, full sun and partial shade) for six sites across a precipitation gradient. Using a combination of physiological and modelling approaches, we derived warming tolerance for the present and the end of the century. In the present climate, we found an overall wider thermal tolerance for the nocturnal species relative to the diurnal species, and no variation in CTmax but variable CTmin along the precipitation gradient for both species. However, warming tolerances varied significantly over the course of the day, across months and microhabitats. The diurnal skink was most restricted in its daily activity in the three driest sites with up to six daily hours of restricted activity in the open (i.e. outside refugia) during the summer months, while the impacts for the nocturnal gecko were less severe, due to its higher CTmax and night activity. With climate change, lizards will experience more months where activity is restricted and increased exposure to high temperatures even within the more sheltered microhabitats. Together our results highlight the importance of considering the relevant spatiotemporal scale and habitat for understanding the thermal exposure of diurnal and nocturnal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline C. Dufour
- Area of Biodiversity and Evolution, School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Toby P. N. Tsang
- Area of Biodiversity and Evolution, School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto‐ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | | | | | - Timothy C. Bonebrake
- Area of Biodiversity and Evolution, School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Frydrychová RČ, Konopová B, Peska V, Brejcha M, Sábová M. Telomeres and telomerase: active but complex players in life-history decisions. Biogerontology 2024; 25:205-226. [PMID: 37610666 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies on human telomeres have established that telomeres exert a significant influence on lifespan and health of organisms. However, recent research has indicated that the original idea that telomeres affect lifespan in a universal and central manner across all eukaryotic species is an oversimplification. Indeed, findings from a variety of animal species revealed that the role of telomere biology in aging is more subtle and intricate than previously recognized. Here, we show how telomere biology varies depending on the taxon. We also show how telomere biology corresponds to basic life history traits and affects the life table of a species and investments in growth, body size, reproduction, and lifespan; telomeres are hypothesized to shape evolutionary perspectives for species in an active but complex manner. Our evaluation is based on telomere biology data from many examples from throughout the animal kingdom that vary according to the degree of organismal complexity and life history strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Čapková Frydrychová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Konopová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vratislav Peska
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Brejcha
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Sábová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rutschmann A, Perry C, Le Galliard JF, Dupoué A, Lourdais O, Guillon M, Brusch G, Cote J, Richard M, Clobert J, Miles DB. Ecological responses of squamate reptiles to nocturnal warming. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:598-621. [PMID: 38062628 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Nocturnal temperatures are increasing at a pace exceeding diurnal temperatures in most parts of the world. The role of warmer nocturnal temperatures in animal ecology has received scant attention and most studies focus on diurnal or daily descriptors of thermal environments' temporal trends. Yet, available evidence from plant and insect studies suggests that organisms can exhibit contrasting physiological responses to diurnal and nocturnal warming. Limiting studies to diurnal trends can thus result in incomplete and misleading interpretations of the ability of species to cope with global warming. Although they are expected to be impacted by warmer nocturnal temperatures, insufficient data are available regarding the night-time ecology of vertebrate ectotherms. Here, we illustrate the complex effects of nocturnal warming on squamate reptiles, a keystone group of vertebrate ectotherms. Our review includes discussion of diurnal and nocturnal ectotherms, but we mainly focus on diurnal species for which nocturnal warming affects a period dedicated to physiological recovery, and thus may perturb activity patterns and energy balance. We first summarise the physical consequences of nocturnal warming on habitats used by squamate reptiles. Second, we describe how such changes can alter the energy balance of diurnal species. We illustrate this with empirical data from the asp viper (Vipera aspis) and common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), two diurnal species found throughout western Europe. Third, we make use of a mechanistic approach based on an energy-balance model to draw general conclusions about the effects of nocturnal temperatures. Fourth, we examine how warmer nights may affect squamates over their lifetime, with potential consequences on individual fitness and population dynamics. We review quantitative evidence for such lifetime effects using recent data derived from a range of studies on the European common lizard (Zootoca vivipara). Finally, we consider the broader eco-evolutionary ramifications of nocturnal warming and highlight several research questions that require future attention. Our work emphasises the importance of considering the joint influence of diurnal and nocturnal warming on the responses of vertebrate ectotherms to climate warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Rutschmann
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS UAR2029, 02 route du CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Constant Perry
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS UAR2029, 02 route du CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7618, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (iEES Paris), Tours 44-45, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de Recherche en écologie expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), 78 rue du château, Saint-Pierre-Lès-Nemours, 77140, France
| | - Andréaz Dupoué
- Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, 1625 Rte de Sainte-Anne, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS UMR 7372-Université de La Rochelle, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, Villiers-en-Bois, 79630, France
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Life Sciences Center Building, 427E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Michaël Guillon
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS UMR 7372-Université de La Rochelle, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, Villiers-en-Bois, 79630, France
- Cistude Nature, Chemin du Moulinat-33185, Le Haillan, France
| | - George Brusch
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA, 92096, USA
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, 118 Rte de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Murielle Richard
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS UAR2029, 02 route du CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS UAR2029, 02 route du CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Donald B Miles
- Department of Biological Sciences, 131 Life Science Building, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pepke ML. Telomere length is not a useful tool for chronological age estimation in animals. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300187. [PMID: 38047504 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are short repetitive DNA sequences capping the ends of chromosomes. Telomere shortening occurs during cell division and may be accelerated by oxidative damage or ameliorated by telomere maintenance mechanisms. Consequently, telomere length changes with age, which was recently confirmed in a large meta-analysis across vertebrates. However, based on the correlation between telomere length and age, it was concluded that telomere length can be used as a tool for chronological age estimation in animals. Correlation should not be confused with predictability, and the current data and studies suggest that telomeres cannot be used to reliably predict individual chronological age. There are biological reasons for why there is large individual variation in telomere dynamics, which is mainly due to high susceptibility to a wide range of environmental, but also genetic factors, rendering telomeres unfeasible as a tool for age estimation. The use of telomeres for chronological age estimation is largely a misguided effort, but its occasional reappearance in the literature raises concerns that it will mislead resources in wildlife conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Pepke
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hansson A, Wapstra E, While GM, Olsson M. Sex and early-life conditions shape telomere dynamics in an ectotherm. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246512. [PMID: 38230426 PMCID: PMC10912812 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Telomeres, the repetitive DNA regions that protect the ends of chromosomes, and their shortening have been linked to key life history trade-offs among growth, reproduction and lifespan. In contrast to most endotherms, many ectotherms can compensate for telomere shortening throughout life by upregulation of telomerase in somatic tissues. However, during development, marked by rapid growth and an increased sensitivity to extrinsic factors, the upregulation of telomerase may be overwhelmed, resulting in long-term impacts on telomere dynamics. In ectotherms, one extrinsic factor that may play a particularly important role in development is temperature. Here, we investigated the influence of developmental temperature and sex on early-life telomere dynamics in an oviparous ectotherm, Lacerta agilis. While there was no effect of developmental temperature on telomere length at hatching, there were subsequent effects on telomere maintenance capacity, with individuals incubated at warm temperatures exhibiting less telomere maintenance compared with cool-incubated individuals. Telomere dynamics were also sexually dimorphic, with females having longer telomeres and greater telomere maintenance compared with males. We suggest that selection drives this sexual dimorphism in telomere maintenance, in which females maximise their lifetime reproductive success by investing in traits promoting longevity such as maintenance, while males invest in short-term reproductive gains through a polygynous mating behaviour. These early-life effects, therefore, have the potential to mediate life-long changes to life histories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hansson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Erik Wapstra
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M. While
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Mats Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han X, Sun B, Zhang Q, Teng L, Zhang F, Liu Z. Metabolic regulation reduces the oxidative damage of arid lizards in response to moderate heat events. Integr Zool 2023. [PMID: 37897215 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming poses a significant threat to species worldwide, particularly those inhabiting arid and semi-arid regions where extreme temperatures are increasingly prevalent. However, empirical studies investigating how moderate heat events affect the physiological processes of arid and semi-arid animals are largely scarce. To address this knowledge gap, we used an arid and semi-arid lizard species (Phrynocephalus przewalskii) as a study system. We manipulated thermal environments to simulate moderate heat events (43.5 ± 0.3°C during the heating period) for lizards and examined physiological and biochemical traits related to survival, metabolism, locomotion, oxidative stress, and telomere length. We found that the body condition and survival of the lizards were not significantly affected by moderate heat events, despite an increase in body temperature and a decrease in locomotion at high test temperatures were detected. Mechanistically, we found that the lizards exhibited down-regulated metabolic rates and enhanced activities of antioxidative enzymes, resulting in reduced oxidative damage and stable telomere length under moderate heat events. Based on these findings, which indicated a beneficial regulation of fitness by physiological and biochemical processes, we inferred that moderate heat events did not have a detrimental effect on the toad-headed agama, P. przewalskii. Overall, our research contributes to understanding the impacts of moderate heat events on arid and semi-arid species and highlights the adaptive responses and resilience exhibited by the toad-headed agama in the face of climate warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Han
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Teng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin, China
| | - Fushun Zhang
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sapozhnikova YP, Koroleva AG, Yakhnenko VM, Volkova AA, Avezova TN, Glyzina OY, Sakirko MV, Tolstikova LI, Sukhanova LV. Thermal Preconditioning Alters the Stability of Hump-Snout Whitefish ( Coregonus fluviatilis) and Its Hybrid Form, Showing Potential for Aquaculture. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1348. [PMID: 37887058 PMCID: PMC10603914 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the little-studied ways that climate warming or temperature increases in aquaculture could affect aquatic animals is through accelerated aging. This study is dedicated to understanding the principles of molecular and cellular aging in the target tissues of juvenile whitefishes (Yenisei hump-snout whitefish and its hybrid) under the influence of acute heat stress (up to 26 °C), and the effects of thermal preconditioning as pre-adaptation. Non-adapted stressed hump-snout whitefish showed a higher induction threshold for functionally active mitochondria in the blood and a decrease in telomerase activity in the liver after heat shock exposure as a long-term compensatory response to prevent telomere shortening. However, we observed heat-induced telomere shortening in non-adapted hybrids, which can be explained by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane stability and a gradual increase in energy demand, leading to a decrease in protective telomerase activity. The pre-adapted groups of hump-snout whitefish and hybrids showed a long-term or delayed response of telomerase activity to heat shock, which served as a therapeutic mechanism against telomere shortening. We concluded that the telomerase and telomere responses to thermal stress demonstrate plasticity of tolerance limits and greater stability in hump-snout whitefish compared with hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia P. Sapozhnikova
- Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (V.M.Y.); (A.A.V.); (T.N.A.); (O.Y.G.); (M.V.S.); (L.I.T.); (L.V.S.)
| | - Anastasia G. Koroleva
- Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Ulan-Batorskaya, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (V.M.Y.); (A.A.V.); (T.N.A.); (O.Y.G.); (M.V.S.); (L.I.T.); (L.V.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Messina S, Costantini D, Eens M. Impacts of rising temperatures and water acidification on the oxidative status and immune system of aquatic ectothermic vertebrates: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161580. [PMID: 36646226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Species persistence in the Anthropocene is dramatically threatened by global climate change. Large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from human activities are driving increases in mean temperature, intensity of heatwaves, and acidification of oceans and freshwater bodies. Ectotherms are particularly sensitive to CO2-induced stressors, because the rate of their metabolic reactions, as well as their immunological performance, are affected by environmental temperatures and water pH. We reviewed and performed a meta-analysis of 56 studies, involving 1259 effect sizes, that compared oxidative status or immune function metrics between 42 species of ectothermic vertebrates exposed to long-term increased temperatures or water acidification (≥48 h), and those exposed to control parameters resembling natural conditions. We found that CO2-induced stressors enhance levels of molecular oxidative damages in ectotherms, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes was upregulated only at higher temperatures, possibly due to an increased rate of biochemical reactions dependent on the higher ambient temperature. Differently, both temperature and water acidification showed weak impacts on immune function, indicating different direction (increase or decrease) of responses among immune traits. Further, we found that the intensity of temperature treatments (Δ°C) and their duration, enhance the physiological response of ectotherms, pointing to stronger effects of prolonged extreme warming events (i.e., heatwaves) on the oxidative status. Finally, adult individuals showed weaker antioxidant enzymatic responses to an increase in water temperature compared to early life stages, suggesting lower acclimation capacity. Antarctic species showed weaker antioxidant response compared to temperate and tropical species, but level of uncertainty in the antioxidant enzymatic response of Antarctic species was high, thus pairwise comparisons were statistically non-significant. Overall, the results of this meta-analysis indicate that the regulation of oxidative status might be one key mechanism underlying thermal plasticity in aquatic ectothermic vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Messina
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - David Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS - 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Armstrong E, Boonekamp J. Does oxidative stress shorten telomeres in vivo? A meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101854. [PMID: 36657619 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Telomere attrition is considered a hallmark of ageing. Untangling the proximate causes of telomere attrition may therefore reveal important aspects about the ageing process. In a landmark paper in 2002 Thomas von Zglinicki demonstrated that oxidative stress accelerates telomere attrition in cell culture. In the next 20 years, oxidative stress became firmly embedded into modern theories of ageing and telomere attrition. However, a recent surge of in vivo studies reveals an inconsistent pattern questioning the unequivocal role of oxidative stress in telomere length and telomere attrition (henceforth referred to as telomere dynamics), in living organisms. Here we report the results of the first formal meta-analysis on the association between oxidative stress and telomere dynamics in vivo, representing 37 studies, 4969 individuals, and 18,677 correlational measurements. The overall correlation between oxidative stress markers and telomere dynamics was indistinguishable from zero (r = 0.027). This result was independent of the type of oxidative stress marker, telomere dynamic, or taxonomic group. However, telomere measurement method affected the analysis and the subset of TRF-based studies showed a significant overall correlation (r = 0.09), supporting the prediction that oxidative stress accelerates telomere attrition. The correlation was more pronounced in short-lived species and during the adult life phase, when ageing becomes apparent. We then performed an additional meta-analysis of interventional studies (n = 7) manipulating oxidative stress. This revealed a significant effect of treatment on telomere dynamics (d=0.36). Our findings provide new support for the hypothesis that oxidative stress causes telomere attrition in living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Armstrong
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Jelle Boonekamp
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Friesen CR, Wapstra E, Olsson M. Of telomeres and temperature: Measuring thermal effects on telomeres in ectothermic animals. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6069-6086. [PMID: 34448287 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ectotherms are classic models for understanding life-history tradeoffs, including the reproduction-somatic maintenance tradeoffs that may be reflected in telomere length and their dynamics. Importantly, life-history traits of ectotherms are tightly linked to their thermal environment, with diverse or synergistic mechanistic explanations underpinning the variation. Telomere dynamics potentially provide a mechanistic link that can be used to monitor thermal effects on individuals in response to climatic perturbations. Growth rate, age and developmental stage are all affected by temperature, which interacts with telomere dynamics in complex and intriguing ways. The physiological processes underpinning telomere dynamics can be visualized and understood using thermal performance curves (TPCs). TPCs reflect the evolutionary history and the thermal environment during an individual's ontogeny. Telomere maintenance should be enhanced at or near the thermal performance optimum of a species, population and individual. The thermal sensitivity of telomere dynamics should reflect the interacting TPCs of the processes underlying them. The key processes directly underpinning telomere dynamics are mitochondrial function (reactive oxygen production), antioxidant activity, telomerase activity and telomere endcap protein status. We argue that identifying TPCs for these processes will significantly help design robust, repeatable experiments and field studies of telomere dynamics in ectotherms. Conceptually, TPCs are a valuable framework to predict and interpret taxon- and population-specific telomere dynamics across thermal regimes. The literature of thermal effects on telomeres in ectotherms is sparse and mostly limited to vertebrates, but our conclusions and recommendations are relevant across ectothermic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Friesen
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erik Wapstra
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mats Olsson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kärkkäinen T, Laaksonen T, Burgess M, Cantarero A, Martínez‐Padilla J, Potti J, Moreno J, Thomson RL, Tilgar V, Stier A. Population differences in the length and early-life dynamics of telomeres among European pied flycatchers. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5966-5978. [PMID: 34875134 PMCID: PMC9788103 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length and shortening rate are increasingly being used as biomarkers for long-term costs in ecological and evolutionary studies because of their relationships with survival and fitness. Both early-life conditions and growth, and later-life stressors can create variation in telomere shortening rate. Studies on between-population telomere length and dynamics are scarce, despite the expectation that populations exposed to varying environmental constraints would present divergent telomere length patterns. The pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) is a passerine bird breeding across Eurasia (from Spain to western Siberia) and migrating through the Iberian Peninsula to spend the nonbreeding period in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, different populations show marked differences in migration distance. We studied the large-scale variation of telomere length and early-life dynamics in the pied flycatcher by comparing six European populations across a north-south gradient (Finland, Estonia, England and Spain) predicting a negative effect of migration distance on adult telomere length, and of nestling growth on nestling telomere dynamics. There were clear population differences in telomere length, with English birds from midlatitudes having the longest telomeres. Telomere length did not thus show consistent latitudinal variation and was not linearly linked to differences in migration distance. Early-life telomere shortening rate tended to vary between populations. Fast growth was associated with shorter telomeres in the early life, but faster nestling growth affected telomeres more negatively in northern than southern populations. While the sources of between-population differences in telomere-related biology remain to be more intensively studied, our study illustrates the need to expand telomere studies at the between-population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malcolm Burgess
- RSPB Centre for Conservation ScienceSandyUK,Centre for Research in Animal BehaviourUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Alejandro Cantarero
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Department of Evolutionary EcologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Jesús Martínez‐Padilla
- Department of Biological Conservation and Ecosystem RestorationPyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC)JacaSpain
| | - Jaime Potti
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC)SevilleSpain
| | - Juan Moreno
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Robert L. Thomson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa,FitzPatrick Institute of African OrnithologyDST‐NRF Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | - Vallo Tilgar
- Department of ZoologyInstitute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Antoine Stier
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPEUMR 5023 LEHNAVilleurbanneFrance
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salmón P, Burraco P. Telomeres and anthropogenic disturbances in wildlife: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6018-6039. [PMID: 35080073 PMCID: PMC9790527 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human-driven environmental changes are affecting wildlife across the globe. These challenges do not influence species or populations to the same extent and therefore a comprehensive evaluation of organismal health is needed to determine their ultimate impact. Evidence suggests that telomeres (the terminal chromosomal regions) are sensitive to environmental conditions and have been posited as a surrogate for animal health and fitness. Evaluation of their use in an applied ecological context is still scarce. Here, using information from molecular and occupational biomedical studies, we aim to provide ecologists and evolutionary biologists with an accessible synthesis of the links between human disturbances and telomere length. In addition, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies measuring telomere length in wild/wild-derived animals facing anthropogenic disturbances. Despite the relatively small number of studies to date, our meta-analysis revealed a significant small negative association between disturbances and telomere length (-0.092 [-0.153, -0.031]; n = 28; k = 159). Yet, our systematic review suggests that the use of telomeres as a biomarker to understand the anthropogenic impact on wildlife is limited. We propose some research avenues that will help to broadly evaluate their suitability: (i) further causal studies on the link between human disturbances and telomeres; (ii) investigating the organismal implications, in terms of fitness and performance, of a given telomere length in anthropogenically disturbed scenarios; and (iii) better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of telomere dynamics. Future studies in these facets will help to ultimately determine their role as markers of health and fitness in wildlife facing anthropogenic disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salmón
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Department of Plant Biology and EcologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Pablo Burraco
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McLennan D, Auer SK, McKelvey S, McKelvey L, Anderson G, Boner W, Duprez JS, Metcalfe NB. Habitat restoration weakens negative environmental effects on telomere dynamics. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6100-6113. [PMID: 33973299 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Habitat quality can have far-reaching effects on organismal fitness, an issue of concern given the current scale of habitat degradation. Many temperate upland streams have reduced nutrient levels due to human activity. Nutrient restoration confers benefits in terms of invertebrate food availability and subsequent fish growth rates. Here we test whether these mitigation measures also affect the rate of cellular ageing of the fish, measured in terms of the telomeres that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. We equally distributed Atlantic salmon eggs from the same 30 focal families into 10 human-impacted oligotrophic streams in northern Scotland. Nutrient levels in five of the streams were restored by simulating the deposition of a small number of adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar carcasses at the end of the spawning period, while five reference streams were left as controls. Telomere lengths and expression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene that may act to lengthen telomeres were then measured in the young fish when 15 months old. While TERT expression was unrelated to any of the measured variables, telomere lengths were shorter in salmon living at higher densities and in areas with a lower availability of the preferred substrate (cobbles and boulders). However, the adverse effects of these habitat features were much reduced in the streams receiving nutrients. These results suggest that adverse environmental pressures are weakened when nutrients are restored, presumably because the resulting increase in food supply reduces levels of both competition and stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl McLennan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sonya K Auer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Graeme Anderson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Winnie Boner
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jessica S Duprez
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brusch GA, Le Galliard J, Viton R, Gavira RSB, Clobert J, Lourdais O. Reproducing in a changing world: combined effects of thermal conditions by day and night and of water constraints during pregnancy in a cold‐adapted ectotherm. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George A. Brusch
- Biological Sciences, California State Univ. San Marcos San Marcos CA USA
| | - Jean‐François Le Galliard
- Sorbonne Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Inst. d'Écologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement (IEES) Paris Cedex 5 France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Univ., Dépt de Biologie, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de Recherche en Écologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron IleDeFrance) Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours France
| | - Robin Viton
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS Villiers en Bois France
| | | | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS, UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS Villiers en Bois France
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State Univ. Tempe AZ USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lizards from warm and declining populations are born with extremely short telomeres. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201371119. [PMID: 35939680 PMCID: PMC9388115 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201371119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the price to pay for acquiring and processing energy through cellular activity and life history productivity. Climate warming can exacerbate the inherent pace of aging, as illustrated by a faster erosion of protective telomere DNA sequences. This biomarker integrates individual pace of life and parental effects through the germline, but whether intra- and intergenerational telomere dynamics underlies population trends remains an open question. Here, we investigated the covariation between life history, telomere length (TL), and extinction risk among three age classes in a cold-adapted ectotherm (Zootoca vivipara) facing warming-induced extirpations in its distribution limits. TL followed the same threshold relationships with population extinction risk at birth, maturity, and adulthood, suggesting intergenerational accumulation of accelerated aging rate in declining populations. In dwindling populations, most neonates inherited already short telomeres, suggesting they were born physiologically old and unlikely to reach recruitment. At adulthood, TL further explained females' reproductive performance, switching from an index of individual quality in stable populations to a biomarker of reproductive costs in those close to extirpation. We compiled these results to propose the aging loop hypothesis and conceptualize how climate-driven telomere shortening in ectotherms may accumulate across generations and generate tipping points before local extirpation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hot and dry conditions predict shorter nestling telomeres in an endangered songbird: Implications for population persistence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122944119. [PMID: 35696588 PMCID: PMC9231487 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122944119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate warming is increasingly exposing wildlife to sublethal high temperatures, which may lead to chronic impacts and reduced fitness. Telomere length (TL) may link heat exposure to fitness, particularly at early-life stages, because developing organisms are especially vulnerable to adverse conditions, adversity can shorten telomeres, and TL predicts fitness. Here, we quantify how climatic and environmental conditions during early life are associated with TL in nestlings of wild purple-crowned fairy-wrens (Malurus coronatus), endangered songbirds of the monsoonal tropics. We found that higher average maximum air temperature (range 31 to 45 °C) during the nestling period was associated with shorter early-life TL. This effect was mitigated by water availability (i.e., during the wet season, with rainfall), but independent of other pertinent environmental conditions, implicating a direct effect of heat exposure. Models incorporating existing information that shorter early-life TL predicts shorter lifespan and reduced fitness showed that shorter TL under projected warming scenarios could lead to population decline across plausible future water availability scenarios. However, if TL is assumed to be an adaptive trait, population viability could be maintained through evolution. These results are concerning because the capacity to change breeding phenology to coincide with increased water availability appears limited, and the evolutionary potential of TL is unknown. Thus, sublethal climate warming effects early in life may have repercussions beyond individual fitness, extending to population persistence. Incorporating the delayed reproductive costs associated with sublethal heat exposure early in life is necessary for understanding future population dynamics with climate change.
Collapse
|
18
|
Viblanc VA, Criscuolo F, Sosa S, Schull Q, Boonstra R, Saraux C, Lejeune M, Roth JD, Uhlrich P, Zahn S, Dobson FS. Telomere dynamics in female Columbian ground squirrels: recovery after emergence and loss after reproduction. Oecologia 2022; 199:301-312. [PMID: 35713713 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are specialized non-coding DNA sequences located at the end of chromosomes and that protect genetic information. Telomere loss over lifespan is generally viewed as a phenomenon associated with aging in animals. Recently, telomere elongation after hibernation has been described in several mammals. Whether this pattern is an adaptation to repair DNA damage caused during rewarming from torpor or if it coevolved as a mechanism to promote somatic maintenance in preparation for the upcoming reproductive effort remains unclear. In a longitudinal study measuring telomere length using buccal swabs, we tested if telomere elongation was related to reproductive success in wild adult female Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus) that were monitored from emergence from hibernation to the end of the reproductive season. We found three key results. First, female telomere length increased at the start of the breeding season, both in breeding and non-breeding individuals. Second, post-emergence telomere lengthening was unrelated to female future reproductive output. Third, telomere length decreased in breeding females during lactation, but remained stable in non-breeding females over a similar period. Within breeders, telomeres shortened more in females producing larger and heavier litters. We concluded that telomere lengthening after hibernation did not constrain immediate female reproductive capacities. It was more likely to be part of the body recovery process that takes place after hibernation. Telomere erosion that occurs after birth may constitute a physiological cost of female reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Viblanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Criscuolo
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Sebastian Sosa
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quentin Schull
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, IFREMER, IRD, CNRS, Avenue Jean Monnet CS 30171, 34203, Sète, France
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Claire Saraux
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathilde Lejeune
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jeffrey D Roth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Pierre Uhlrich
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandrine Zahn
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - F Stephen Dobson
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Inbreeding is associated with shorter early-life telomere length in a wild passerine. CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInbreeding can have negative effects on survival and reproduction, which may be of conservation concern in small and isolated populations. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression are not well-known. The length of telomeres, the DNA sequences protecting chromosome ends, has been associated with health or fitness in several species. We investigated effects of inbreeding on early-life telomere length in two small island populations of wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus) known to be affected by inbreeding depression. Using genomic measures of inbreeding we found that inbred nestling house sparrows (n = 371) have significantly shorter telomeres. Using pedigree-based estimates of inbreeding we found a tendency for inbred nestling house sparrows to have shorter telomeres (n = 1195). This negative effect of inbreeding on telomere length may have been complemented by a heterosis effect resulting in longer telomeres in individuals that were less inbred than the population average. Furthermore, we found some evidence of stronger effects of inbreeding on telomere length in males than females. Thus, telomere length may reveal subtle costs of inbreeding in the wild and demonstrate a route by which inbreeding negatively impacts the physiological state of an organism already at early life-history stages.
Collapse
|
20
|
Marasco V, Smith S, Angelier F. How does early-life adversity shape telomere dynamics during adulthood? Problems and paradigms. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100184. [PMID: 35122449 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although early-life adversity has been associated with negative consequences during adulthood, growing evidence shows that such adversity can also lead to subsequent stress resilience and positive fitness outcomes. Telomere dynamics are relevant in this context because of the link with developmental conditions and longevity. However, few studies have assessed whether the effects of early-life adversity on developmental telomere dynamics may relate to adult telomere dynamics. We propose that the potential links between early-life adversity and adult telomere dynamics could be driven by developmental constraints (the Constraint hypothesis), by the nature/severity of developmental adversity (the Resilience hypothesis), or by developmental-mediated changes in individual life-history strategies (the Pace of Life hypothesis). We discuss these non-mutually exclusive hypotheses, explore future research directions, and propose specific studies to test these hypotheses. Our article aims to expand our understanding of the evolutionary role of developmental conditions on adult telomere dynamics, stress resilience and ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marasco
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology (KLIVV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steve Smith
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology (KLIVV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (LRU), UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deluen M, Blanchet S, Aubret F, Trochet A, Gangloff EJ, Guillaume O, Le Chevalier H, Calvez O, Carle C, Genty L, Arrondeau G, Cazale L, Kouyoumdjian L, Ribéron A, Bertrand R. Impacts of temperature on O 2 consumption of the Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper) from populations along an elevational gradient. J Therm Biol 2022; 103:103166. [PMID: 35027206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Global warming impacts biodiversity worldwide, leading to species' adaptation, migration, or extinction. The population's persistence depends on the maintenance of essential activities, which is notably driven by phenotypic adaptation to local environments. Metabolic rate - that increases with temperature in ectotherms - is a key physiological proxy for the energy available to fuel individuals' activities. Cold-adapted ectotherms can exhibit a higher resting metabolism than warm-adapted ones to maintain functionality at higher elevations or latitudes, known as the metabolic cold-adaptation hypothesis. How climate change will affect metabolism in species inhabiting contrasting climates (cold or warm) is still a debate. Therefore, it is of high interest to assess the pace of metabolic responses to global warming among populations adapted to highly different baseline climatic conditions. Here, we conducted a physiological experiment in the endemic Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper). We measured a proxy of standard metabolic rate (SMR) along a temperature gradient in individuals sampled among 6 populations located from 550 to 2189 m a.s.l. We demonstrated that SMR increased with temperature, but significantly diverged depending on populations' origins. The baseline and the slope of the relationship between SMR and temperature were both higher for high-elevation populations than for low-elevation populations. We discussed the stronger metabolic response observed in high-elevation populations suggesting a drop of performance in essential life activities for these individuals under current climate change. With the increase of metabolism as the climate warms, the metabolic-cold adaptation strategy selected in the past could compromise the sustainability of cold-adapted populations if short-term evolutionary responses do not allow to offset this evolutionary legacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Deluen
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France.
| | - Simon Blanchet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Fabien Aubret
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Audrey Trochet
- Société Herpétologique de France, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP41, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris
| | - Eric J Gangloff
- Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio
| | - Olivier Guillaume
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Hugo Le Chevalier
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Olivier Calvez
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Clémentine Carle
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Léa Genty
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Gaëtan Arrondeau
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Lucas Cazale
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Laura Kouyoumdjian
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UPR2001, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Alexandre Ribéron
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Bertrand
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tablado Z, Bötsch Y, Powolny T, Massemin S, Zahn S, Jenni-Eiermann S, Jenni L. Effect of Human Disturbance on Bird Telomere Length: An Experimental Approach. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.792492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human recreational activities increase worldwide in space and frequency leading to higher rates of encounter between humans and wild animals. Because wildlife often perceive humans as predators, this increase in human disturbance may have negative consequences for the individuals and also for the viability of populations. Up to now, experiments on the effects of human disturbance on wildlife have mainly focused on individual behavioral and stress-physiological reactions, on breeding success, and on survival. However, the effects on other physiological parameters and trans-generational effects remain poorly understood. We used a low-intensity experimental disturbance in the field to explore the impacts of human disturbance on telomere length in great tit (Parus major) populations and found a clear effect of disturbance on telomere length. Adult males, but not females, in disturbed plots showed shorter telomere lengths when compared to control plot. Moreover, variation in telomere length of adult great tits was reflected in the next generation, as we found a positive correlation between telomere length of the chicks and of their fathers. Given that telomere length has been linked to animal lifespan, our study highlights that activities considered to be of little concern (i.e., low levels of disturbance) can have a long-lasting impact on the physiology and survival of wild animals and their next generation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Megía-Palma R, Barja I, Barrientos R. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites and ectoparasites as biomarkers of heat stress close to roads in a Mediterranean lizard. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149919. [PMID: 34525719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Differences between air and ground temperatures are expected to narrow with the advance of the season in temperate regions (aka seasonal restriction in the availability of thermal microhabitats), which may activate behavioral and physiological responses of ectotherm species adapted to temperate climates. However, according to cost-benefit models of ectotherm thermoregulation, we hypothesize that these responses may also carry some costs. We quantified seasonal shifts in thermoregulatory precision, concentration of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, and load of ectoparasites in a Mediterranean lizard, Psammodromus algirus. We also tested whether the proximity to a road, a putative source of chronic stress, can facilitate the glucocorticoid-mediated response of lizards to heat stress. As expected, differences between body and environmental temperatures narrowed during the reproductive season and lizards responded by increasing their thermoregulatory precision and the secretion of glucocorticoids, as indicated by metabolites in feces. Interestingly, lizards tended to have higher glucocorticoid concentration when captured far from the road. This might reflect either a putative impairment of the glucocorticoid-mediated response of the lizards to heat stress close to the road or the plastic capability of P. algirus to acclimate to sources of moderate chronic stress. In the latter direction, the increase of both glucocorticoid metabolites and thermoregulatory precision supported that this Mediterranean species responds to environmental thermal restrictions with adaptive behavioral and physiological mechanisms. However, this was also associated with an increase in its susceptibility to ectoparasites, which represents an added cost to the current cost-benefit models of ectotherm thermoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Megía-Palma
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Parasitology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Spain; CIBIO-InBIO: Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Portugal.
| | - I Barja
- Laboratory of Etho-Physiology, Department Biology (Unit Zoology), Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain; Research Centre in Biodiversity and Global Change (CIBC-UAM), Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain
| | - R Barrientos
- Road Ecology Lab, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ritchie DJ, Friesen CR. Invited review: Thermal effects on oxidative stress in vertebrate ectotherms. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 263:111082. [PMID: 34571153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced climate change is occurring rapidly. Ectothermic organisms are particularly vulnerable to these temperature changes due to their reliance on environmental temperature. The extent of ectothermic thermal adaptation and plasticity in the literature is well documented; however, the role of oxidative stress in these processes needs more attention. Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species, generated mainly through aerobic respiration, overwhelm antioxidant defences and damage crucial biomolecules. The effects of oxidative damage include the alteration of life-history traits and reductions in whole-organism fitness. Here we review the literature addressing experimental temperature effects on oxidative stress in vertebrate ectotherms. Acute and acclimation temperature treatments produce distinctly different results and highlight the role of phylogeny and thermal adaptation in shaping oxidative stress responses. Acute treatments on organisms adapted to stable environments generally produced significant oxidative stress responses, whilst organisms adapted to variable conditions exhibited capacity to cope with temperature changes and mitigate oxidative stress. In acclimation treatments, the temperature treatments higher than optimal temperatures tended to produce significantly less oxidative stress than lower temperatures in reptiles, whilst in some eurythermal fish species, no oxidative stress response was observed. These results highlight the importance of phylogeny and adaptation to past environmental conditions for temperature-dependent oxidative stress responses. We conclude with recommendations on experimental procedures to investigate these phenomena with reference to thermal plasticity, adaptation and biogeographic variation that provide the most significant benefits to adaptable populations. These results have potential conservation ramifications as they may shed light on the physiological effects of temperature alterations in some vertebrate ectotherms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Ritchie
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, The University of Wollongong, 2522 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher R Friesen
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, The University of Wollongong, 2522 Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Heydon-Laurence Bldg A08, Science Road, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Horreo JL, Jiménez-Valverde A, Fitze PS. Climatic niche differences among Zootoca vivipara clades with different parity modes: implications for the evolution and maintenance of viviparity. Front Zool 2021; 18:32. [PMID: 34183024 PMCID: PMC8240382 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parity mode (oviparity/viviparity) importantly affects the ecology, morphology, physiology, biogeography and evolution of organisms. The main hypotheses explaining the evolution and maintenance of viviparity are based on bioclimatic predictions and also state that the benefits of viviparity arise during the reproductive period. We identify the main climatic variables discriminating between viviparous and oviparous Eurasian common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) occurrence records during the reproductive period and over the entire year. Analyses based on the climates during the reproductive period show that viviparous clades inhabit sites with less variable temperature and precipitation. On the contrary, analyses based on the annual climates show that viviparous clades inhabit sites with more variable temperatures. Results from models using climates during reproduction are in line with the “selfish-mother hypothesis”, which can explain the success of viviparity, the maintenance of the two reproductive modes, and why viviparous individuals cannot colonize sites inhabited by oviparous ones (and vice versa). They suggest that during the reproductive period viviparity has an adaptive advantage over oviparity in less risky habitats thanks to the selfish behaviour of the mothers. Moreover, the results from both analyses stress that hypotheses about the evolution and maintenance of viviparity need to be tested during the reproductive period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Horreo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, C/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Valverde
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Grupo de Investigación de Biología del Suelo y de los Ecosistemas Subterráneos, A.P. 20 Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - P S Fitze
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Caccavo JA, Raclot T, Poupart T, Ropert-Coudert Y, Angelier F. Anthropogenic activities are associated with shorter telomeres in chicks of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae). Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDefining the impact of anthropogenic stressors on Antarctic wildlife is an active aim for investigators. Telomeres represent a promising molecular tool to investigate the fitness of wild populations, as their length may predict longevity and survival. We examined the relationship between telomere length and human exposure in Adélie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae) from East Antarctica. Telomere length was compared between chicks from areas with sustained human activity and on neighboring protected islands with little or no human presence. Adélie penguin chicks from sites exposed to human activity had significantly shorter telomeres than chicks from unexposed sites in nearby protected areas, with exposed chicks having on average 3.5% shorter telomeres than unexposed chicks. While sampling limitations preclude our ability to draw more sweeping conclusions at this time, our analysis nonetheless provides important insights into measures of colony vulnerability. More data are needed both to understand the proximate causes (e.g., stress, feeding events) leading to shorter telomeres in chicks from human exposed areas, as well as the fitness consequences of reduced telomere length. We suggest to further test the use of telomere length analysis as an eco-indicator of stress in wildlife among anthropized sites throughout Antarctica.
Collapse
|
27
|
Fitzpatrick LJ, Olsson M, Pauliny A, While GM, Wapstra E. Individual telomere dynamics and their links to life history in a viviparous lizard. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210271. [PMID: 34034513 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging patterns suggest telomere dynamics and life history are fundamentally linked in endotherms through life-history traits that mediate the processes underlying telomere attrition. Unlike endotherms, ectotherms maintain the ability to lengthen somatic telomeres throughout life and the link between life-history strategies and ectotherm telomere dynamics is unknown. In a well-characterized model system (Niveoscincus ocellatus), we used long-term longitudinal data to study telomere dynamics across climatically divergent populations. We found longer telomeres in individuals from the cool highlands than those from the warm lowlands at birth and as adults. The key determinant of adult telomere length across populations was telomere length at birth, with population-specific effects of age and growth on adult telomere length. The reproductive effort had no proximate effect on telomere length in either population. Maternal factors influenced telomere length at birth in the warm lowlands but not the cool highlands. Our results demonstrate that life-history traits can have pervasive and context-dependent effects on telomere dynamics in ectotherms both within and between populations. We argue that these telomere dynamics may reflect the populations' different life histories, with the slow-growing cool highland population investing more into telomere lengthening compared to the earlier-maturing warm lowland population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Fitzpatrick
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - M Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Pauliny
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G M While
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - E Wapstra
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ton R, Stier A, Cooper CE, Griffith SC. Effects of Heat Waves During Post-natal Development on Mitochondrial and Whole Body Physiology: An Experimental Study in Zebra Finches. Front Physiol 2021; 12:661670. [PMID: 33986695 PMCID: PMC8110927 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.661670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves and exposure to these extreme temperatures impacts individual physiology and performance (e.g., metabolism, water balance, and growth). These traits may be susceptible to thermal conditions experienced during embryonic development, but experiments focusing on post-natal development are scant. Documented effects of heat waves on whole-body metabolism may reflect changes in mitochondrial function, but most studies do not measure physiological traits at both the cellular and whole organism levels. Here, we exposed nests of zebra finches to experimentally simulated heat waves for 18 days after hatching and measured body mass, growth rate, whole-body metabolic rate, body temperature, wet thermal conductance, evaporative water loss, and relative water economy of chicks at three ages corresponding to ectothermic (day 5), poikilothermic (day 12), and homoeothermic (day 50) stages. Additionally, we measured mitochondrial bioenergetics of blood cells 80 days post-hatch. While early-life exposure to heat wave conditions did not impact whole body metabolic and hygric physiology, body temperature was lower for birds from heated compared with control nests at both 12 and 50 days of age. There was also an effect of nest heating at the cellular level, with mitochondria from heated birds having higher endogenous and proton-leak related respiration, although oxidative phosphorylation, maximum respiratory capacity, and coupling efficiency were not impacted. Our results suggest that early-life exposure to high ambient temperature induces programming effects on cellular-level and thermal physiology that may not be apparent for whole-animal metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antoine Stier
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christine E. Cooper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simon C. Griffith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rutschmann A, Dupoué A, Miles DB, Megía-Palma R, Lauden C, Richard M, Badiane A, Rozen-Rechels D, Brevet M, Blaimont P, Meylan S, Clobert J, Le Galliard JF. Intense nocturnal warming alters growth strategies, colouration and parasite load in a diurnal lizard. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1864-1877. [PMID: 33884616 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, nocturnal temperatures have been playing a disproportionate role in the global warming of the planet. Yet, they remain a neglected factor in studies assessing the impact of global warming on natural populations. Here, we question whether an intense augmentation of nocturnal temperatures is beneficial or deleterious to ectotherms. Physiological performance is influenced by thermal conditions in ectotherms and an increase in temperature by only 2°C is sufficient to induce a disproportionate increase in metabolic expenditure. Warmer nights may expand ectotherms' species thermal niche and open new opportunities for prolonged activities and improve foraging efficiency. However, increased activity may also have deleterious effects on energy balance if exposure to warmer nights reduces resting periods and elevates resting metabolic rate. We assessed whether warmer nights affected an individual's growth, dorsal skin colouration, thermoregulation behaviour, oxidative stress status and parasite load by exposing yearling common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) from four populations to either ambient or high nocturnal temperatures for approximately 5 weeks. Warmer nocturnal temperatures increased the prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation and altered allocation of resources towards structural growth rather than storage. We found no change in markers for oxidative stress. The thermal treatment did not influence thermal preferences, but influenced dorsal skin brightness and luminance, in line with a predicted acclimation response in colder environments to enhance heat gain from solar radiation. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of considering nocturnal warming as an independent factor affecting ectotherms' life history in the context of global climate change. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Rutschmann
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andréaz Dupoué
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Donald B Miles
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Rodrigo Megía-Palma
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,School of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Clémence Lauden
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | - Murielle Richard
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | - Arnaud Badiane
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David Rozen-Rechels
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Mathieu Brevet
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | | | - Sandrine Meylan
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean Clobert
- USR5321, CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Moulis, France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- INRA, IRD, CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche en Écologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France), Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Genetic diversity of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in Zootoca vivipara. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222642. [PMID: 32285916 PMCID: PMC7182658 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), as a family of highly polymorphic genes associated with immunity in the genome of the vertebrate, has become an important indicator for assessing the evolutionary potential of wildlife. In order to better protect Zootoca vivipara in the Greater Khingan Range and Lesser Khingan Range, to understand the genetic structure of Z. vivipara, and to explore the mechanism and phylogenetic relationship of the gene polymorphisms, the MHC molecular marker method was used to analyze Z. vivipara population. Forty-seven alleles were obtained from four populations. The four populations were highly polymorphic, rich in genetic information, and had significant genetic diversity. There were certain inbreeding phenomena. There was a high degree of genetic differentiation among populations, which was caused by genetic drift and natural selection. The sequence undergoes genetic duplication and recombination. The existence of trans-species polymorphism was found in the constructed phylogenetic tree. The present study provides a theoretical basis for species protection of Z. vivipara.
Collapse
|
31
|
Rozen‐Rechels D, Rutschmann A, DupouÉ A, Blaimont P, Chauveau V, Miles DB, Guillon M, Richard M, Badiane A, Meylan S, Clobert J, Le Galliard J. Interaction of hydric and thermal conditions drive geographic variation in thermoregulation in a widespread lizard. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Rozen‐Rechels
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
| | - Alexis Rutschmann
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland 3A Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - AndrÉaz DupouÉ
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
| | - Pauline Blaimont
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95060 USA
- Department of Biology Rider University 2083 Lawrenceville Road Lawrenceville New Jersey08648 USA
| | - Victor Chauveau
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
| | - Donald B. Miles
- Department of Biological Sciences Ohio University Athens Ohio 45701 USA
| | - Michael Guillon
- Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé CNRS La Rochelle Université 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière Villiers‐en‐Bois 79360 France
| | - Murielle Richard
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE) USR5321CNRS Moulis09200France
| | - Arnaud Badiane
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
- Sorbonne Université ESPE de Paris 10 rue Molitor Paris 75016 France
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE) USR5321CNRS Moulis09200France
| | - Jean‐François Le Galliard
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
- Département de biologie Ecole normale supérieure Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron IleDeFrance) CNRS PSL University Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours 77140 France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Molbert N, Angelier F, Alliot F, Ribout C, Goutte A. Fish from urban rivers and with high pollutant levels have shorter telomeres. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20200819. [PMID: 33465329 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pressures, such as urbanization and exposure to pollutants may jeopardize survival of free-living animals. Yet, much remains to be known about physiological and ecological responses to currently-released pollutants, especially in wild vertebrate ectotherms. We tested the effect of urbanization and pollution (phthalates, organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides, polychlorobiphenyls, polybromodiphenylethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and some of their metabolites) on telomere length, a suggested biomarker of life expectancy, in the European chub, Squalius cephalus, from urban and agricultural rivers of the Marne hydrographic network, France. We showed that telomere length was reduced in chub from urban rivers. Moreover, among the wide range of anthropogenic contaminants investigated, high levels of phthalate metabolites in liver were associated with shorter telomeres. This study suggests that urbanization and chemical pollution may compromise survival of wild fish, by accelerating telomere attrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noëlie Molbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS, La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, 75005 Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Ribout
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS, La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Aurélie Goutte
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, 75005 Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Megía-Palma R, Arregui L, Pozo I, Žagar A, Serén N, Carretero MA, Merino S. Geographic patterns of stress in insular lizards reveal anthropogenic and climatic signatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141655. [PMID: 32836132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropization of insular ecosystems may have negative impacts on native populations of lizards, which provide core ecosystem services on islands. We aimed to identify environmental factors to explain the interlocal variation in faecal glucocorticoids, parasite intensity, and body condition in populations of insular lizards. A cross-sectional design during the summer of 2017 and 2018 was used to sample 611 adult lizards, Gallotia galloti. Interlocal variation of three stress indicators was analysed in response to environmental variables across a wide environmental gradient in Tenerife (Canary Islands): (i) concentration of faecal glucocorticoids, (ii) intensities of infection by hematic parasites, and (iii) body condition. The data, with low spatial autocorrelation, were analysed using multimodel inference and model cross-validation. Bioclimatic variables associated with the extreme hot and dry climate of summer were the most informative predictors. Interlocal variation in faecal corticosterone in males was best fitted to a model that included the maximum temperature of the warmest month, although the best predictor was habitat anthropization. The thermal annual range, associated with extreme thermal events, was positively related to faecal corticosterone in females. Extreme hot temperatures were positively related to the median parasite intensities in both sexes, while the highest mean intensities of infection were found in females from the most xeric coastal localities. None of the predictors tested, including faecal glucocorticoids, explained individual or interlocal variation in body condition. Effects of human pressure and climate change on insular populations of lizards can be additive. However, the uncoupled relationship found between body condition and the faecal glucocorticoid content suggests that current negative effects may be aggravated during drought periods in summer. Given the impact of climate change on islands, our results may be of application to other archipelagos, where lizards also play key ecological roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Megía-Palma
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid E-28006, Spain.
| | - L Arregui
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid E-28006, Spain
| | - I Pozo
- Geoimagine Ltd., Paseo de Ginebra 35, Madrid E-28022, Spain
| | - A Žagar
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Organisms and Ecosystem Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - N Serén
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - M A Carretero
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Merino
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid E-28006, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vernasco BJ, Dakin R, Majer AD, Haussmann MF, Brandt Ryder T, Moore IT. Longitudinal dynamics and behavioural correlates of telomeres in male wire‐tailed manakins. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Vernasco
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - Roslyn Dakin
- Migratory Bird Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Washington DC USA
| | | | | | - T. Brandt Ryder
- Migratory Bird Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Washington DC USA
| | - Ignacio T. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dupoué A, Trochet A, Richard M, Sorlin M, Guillon M, Teulieres‐Quillet J, Vallé C, Rault C, Berroneau M, Berroneau M, Lourdais O, Blaimont P, Bertrand R, Pottier G, Calvez O, Guillaume O, Le Chevalier H, Souchet J, Le Galliard J, Clobert J, Aubret F. Genetic and demographic trends from rear to leading edge are explained by climate and forest cover in a cold‐adapted ectotherm. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andréaz Dupoué
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
- iEES ParisSorbonne UniversitéCNRS, UMR 7618 Paris France
| | - Audrey Trochet
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Murielle Richard
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Mahaut Sorlin
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Michaël Guillon
- Cistude NatureChemin du Moulinat Le Haillan France
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé ‐ ULR CNRS UMR 7372 Beauvoir sur Niort France
| | | | - Clément Vallé
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Cyrielle Rault
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | | | | | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé ‐ ULR CNRS UMR 7372 Beauvoir sur Niort France
| | - Pauline Blaimont
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz California USA
- Department of Biology Rider University Lawrenceville New Jersey USA
| | - Romain Bertrand
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Gilles Pottier
- Nature en Occitanie Maison de l’Environnement de Midi‐Pyrénées Toulouse France
| | - Olivier Calvez
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Olivier Guillaume
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Hugo Le Chevalier
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Jérémie Souchet
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Jean‐François Le Galliard
- Cistude NatureChemin du Moulinat Le Haillan France
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron IleDeFrance) Ecole normale supérieureCNRS UMS 3194 Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours France
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Fabien Aubret
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
- Behavioural Ecology Lab School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley West Australia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Remot F, Ronget V, Froy H, Rey B, Gaillard JM, Nussey DH, Lemaître JF. No sex differences in adult telomere length across vertebrates: a meta-analysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200548. [PMID: 33391781 PMCID: PMC7735339 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In many mammalian species, females live on average longer than males. In humans, women have consistently longer telomeres than men, and this has led to speculation that sex differences in telomere length (TL) could play a role in sex differences in longevity. To address the generality and drivers of patterns of sex differences in TL across vertebrates, we performed meta-analyses across 51 species. We tested two main evolutionary hypotheses proposed to explain sex differences in TL, namely the heterogametic sex disadvantage and the sexual selection hypotheses. We found no support for consistent sex differences in TL between males and females among mammal, bird, fish and reptile species. This absence of sex differences in TL across different classes of vertebrates does not support the heterogametic sex disadvantage hypothesis. Likewise, the absence of any negative effect of sexual size dimorphism on male TL suggests that sexual selection is not likely to mediate the magnitude of sex differences in TL across vertebrates. Finally, the comparative analyses we conducted did not detect any association between sex differences in TL and sex differences in longevity, which does not support the idea that sex differences in TL could explain the observed sex differences in longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florentin Remot
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Victor Ronget
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hannah Froy
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Daniel H. Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Jean-François Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Burraco P, Comas M, Reguera S, Zamora-Camacho FJ, Moreno-Rueda G. Telomere length mirrors age structure along a 2200-m altitudinal gradient in a Mediterranean lizard. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 247:110741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
38
|
Yurchenko AA, Recknagel H, Elmer KR. Chromosome-Level Assembly of the Common Lizard (Zootoca vivipara) Genome. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1953-1960. [PMID: 32835354 PMCID: PMC7643610 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamate reptiles exhibit high variation in their phenotypic traits and geographical distributions and are therefore fascinating taxa for evolutionary and ecological research. However, genomic resources are very limited for this group of species, consequently inhibiting research efforts. To address this gap, we assembled a high-quality genome of the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara (Lacertidae), using a combination of high coverage Illumina (shotgun and mate-pair) and PacBio sequencing data, coupled with RNAseq data and genetic linkage map generation. The 1.46-Gb genome assembly has a scaffold N50 of 11.52 Mb with N50 contig size of 220.4 kb and only 2.96% gaps. A BUSCO analysis indicates that 97.7% of the single-copy Tetrapoda orthologs were recovered in the assembly. In total, 19,829 gene models were annotated to the genome using a combination of ab initio and homology-based methods. To improve the chromosome-level assembly, we generated a high-density linkage map from wild-caught families and developed a novel analytical pipeline to accommodate multiple paternity and unknown father genotypes. We successfully anchored and oriented almost 90% of the genome on 19 linkage groups. This annotated and oriented chromosome-level reference genome represents a valuable resource to facilitate evolutionary studies in squamate reptiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Yurchenko
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Recknagel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hudon SF, Palencia Hurtado E, Beck JD, Burden SJ, Bendixsen DP, Callery KR, Sorensen Forbey J, Waits LP, Miller RA, Nielsen ÓK, Heath JA, Hayden EJ. Primers to highly conserved elements optimized for qPCR-based telomere length measurement in vertebrates. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:59-67. [PMID: 32762107 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length dynamics are an established biomarker of health and ageing in animals. The study of telomeres in numerous species has been facilitated by methods to measure telomere length by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). In this method, telomere length is determined by quantifying the amount of telomeric DNA repeats in a sample and normalizing this to the total amount of genomic DNA. This normalization requires the development of genomic reference primers suitable for qPCR, which remains challenging in nonmodel organism with genomes that have not been sequenced. Here we report reference primers that can be used in qPCR to measure telomere lengths in any vertebrate species. We designed primer pairs to amplify genetic elements that are highly conserved between evolutionarily distant taxa and tested them in species that span the vertebrate tree of life. We report five primer pairs that meet the specificity and reproducibility standards of qPCR. In addition, we demonstrate an approach to choose the best primers for a given species by testing the primers on multiple individuals within a species and then applying an established computational tool. These reference primers can facilitate qPCR-based telomere length measurements in any vertebrate species of ecological or economic interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James D Beck
- Computational Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Steven J Burden
- Biomolecular Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Kathleen R Callery
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | - Lisette P Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | | | - Ólafur K Nielsen
- Department of Ecology, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Garðabaer, Iceland
| | - Julie A Heath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Eric J Hayden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rutschmann A, Rozen‐Rechels D, Dupoué A, Blaimont P, de Villemereuil P, Miles DB, Richard M, Clobert J. Climate dependent heating efficiency in the common lizard. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8007-8017. [PMID: 32788957 PMCID: PMC7417243 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of body temperature is crucial for optimizing physiological performance in ectotherms but imposes constraints in time and energy. Time and energy spent thermoregulating can be reduced through behavioral (e.g., basking adjustments) or biophysical (e.g., heating rate physiology) means. In a heterogeneous environment, we expect thermoregulation costs to vary according to local, climatic conditions and therefore to drive the evolution of both behavioral and biophysical thermoregulation. To date, there are limited data showing that thermal physiological adjustments have a direct relationship to climatic conditions. In this study, we explored the effect of environmental conditions on heating rates in the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara). We sampled lizards from 10 populations in the Massif Central Mountain range of France and measured whether differences in heating rates of individuals correlated with phenotypic traits (i.e., body condition and dorsal darkness) or abiotic factors (temperature and rainfall). Our results show that heat gain is faster for lizards with a higher body condition, but also for individuals from habitats with higher amount of precipitation. Altogether, they demonstrate that environmentally induced constraints can shape biophysical aspects of thermoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Rutschmann
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), CNRSMoulisFrance
| | - David Rozen‐Rechels
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES)‐ParisCNRS, IRD, INRASorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de ChizéLa Rochelle UniversitéCNRSVilliers‐en‐BoisFrance
| | - Andréaz Dupoué
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), CNRSMoulisFrance
| | - Pauline Blaimont
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC)Santa CruzCAUSA
| | | | - Donald B. Miles
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), CNRSMoulisFrance
- Department of Biological SciencesOhio UniversityAthensOHUSA
| | - Murielle Richard
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), CNRSMoulisFrance
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), CNRSMoulisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rozen-Rechels D, Farigoule P, Agostini S, Badiane A, Meylan S, Le Galliard JF. Short-term change in water availability influences thermoregulation behaviours in a dry-skinned ectotherm. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2099-2110. [PMID: 32535907 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic models of terrestrial ectotherms predict that climate warming will induce activity restriction due to heat stress and loss of shade, leading to the extinction of numerous populations. Such models rely on the assumption that activity patterns are dictated by simple temperature thresholds independent of changes in water availability. However, changes in water availability may further influence thermoregulation behaviour of ectotherms through dehydration risk perception, changes in water balance or changes in microclimatic conditions. Here, we experimentally assess the interactive effects of thermal conditions and water availability on activity patterns, shade selection and thermoregulation efficiency in a model ectothermic species. Thermoregulation behaviour of adult common lizards Zootoca vivipara was monitored in outdoor mesocosms as we manipulated water availability, providing water as mist in the morning and free-standing water during the daytime. We recorded operative temperatures and micro-meteorological conditions to infer thermal constraints and dehydration risk. Activity and shade selection were better predicted by continuous changes in thermal conditions and dehydration risk, respectively, than by threshold functions. In addition, water supplementation increased activity in males and reduced shade selection in both sexes, most probably as a behavioural response to the perception of a stronger dehydration risk. Water supplementation also influenced the thermal quality of the environment, which in turn altered daily activity patterns and thermoregulation statistics. This demonstrates that dual effects of heat and water stress on activity patterns may lead to stronger activity restriction as a result of climate change than currently predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Rozen-Rechels
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), CNRS, IRD, INRA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Farigoule
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), CNRS, IRD, INRA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Simon Agostini
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| | - Arnaud Badiane
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), CNRS, IRD, INRA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), CNRS, IRD, INRA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSPE de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), CNRS, IRD, INRA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Han X, Hao X, Wang Y, Wang X, Teng L, Liu Z, Zhang F, Zhang Q. Experimental warming induces oxidative stress and immunosuppression in a viviparous lizard, Eremias multiocellata. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
43
|
Dupoué A, Sorlin M, Richard M, Le Galliard JF, Lourdais O, Clobert J, Aubret F. Mother-offspring conflict for water and its mitigation in the oviparous form of the reproductively bimodal lizard, Zootoca vivipara. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractParent-offspring conflicts are widespread given that resources are often limited. Recent evidence has shown that availability of water can trigger such conflict during pregnancy in viviparous squamate species (lizards and snakes) and thus questions the role of water in the evolution of reproductive modes. Here, we examined the impact of water restriction during gravidity in the oviparous form of the bimodal common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), using a protocol previously used on the viviparous form. Females were captured in early gravidity from six populations along a 600 m altitudinal gradient to investigate whether environmental conditions (altitude, water access and temperature) exacerbate responses to water restriction. Females were significantly dehydrated after water restriction, irrespective of their reproductive status (gravid vs. non-reproductive), relative reproductive effort (relative clutch mass), and treatment timing (embryonic development stage). Female dehydration, together with reproductive performance, varied with altitude, probably due to long term acclimation or local adaptation. This moderate water-based intergenerational conflict in gravid females contrasts sharply with previous findings for the viviparous form, with implications to the evolutionary reversion from viviparity to oviparity. It is likely that oviparity constitutes a water-saving reproductive mode which might help mitigate intensive temperature-driven population extinctions at low altitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréaz Dupoué
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS, UMR 5321, Saint Girons, France
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton campus, VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mahaut Sorlin
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS, UMR 5321, Saint Girons, France
| | - Murielle Richard
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS, UMR 5321, Saint Girons, France
| | - Jean François Le Galliard
- iEES Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7618, Tours 44–45, Paris, France
- Ecole normale supérieure, Département de biologie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, CNRS, UMR, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS, UMR 5321, Saint Girons, France
| | - Fabien Aubret
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS, UMR 5321, Saint Girons, France
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rozen-Rechels D, Dupoué A, Meylan S, Qitout K, Decencière B, Agostini S, Le Galliard JF. Acclimation to Water Restriction Implies Different Paces for Behavioral and Physiological Responses in a Lizard Species. Physiol Biochem Zool 2020; 93:160-174. [PMID: 32031477 DOI: 10.1086/707409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic changes in climate conditions may select for acclimation responses in terrestrial animals living in fluctuating environments, and beneficial acclimation responses may be key to the resilience of these species to global changes. Despite evidence that climate warming induces changes in water availability, acclimation responses to water restriction are understudied compared with thermal acclimation. In addition, acclimation responses may involve different modes, paces, and trade-offs between physiological and behavioral traits. Here, we tested the dynamical acclimation responses of a dry-skinned terrestrial ectotherm to chronic water restriction. Yearling common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) were exposed to sublethal water restriction during 2 mo of the summer season in laboratory conditions, then released in outdoor conditions for 10 additional months. Candidate behavioral (exploration, basking, and thermal preferences) and physiological (metabolism at rest and standard water loss rate) traits potentially involved in the acclimation response were measured repeatedly during and after water restriction. We observed a sequential acclimation response in water-restricted animals (yearlings spent less time basking during the first weeks of water deprivation) that was followed by delayed sex-specific physiological consequences of the water restriction during the following months (thermal depression in males and lower standard evaporative water loss rates in females). Despite short-term negative effects of water restriction on body growth, annual growth, survival, and reproduction were not significantly different between water-restricted and control yearlings. This demonstrates that beneficial acclimation responses to water restriction involve both short-term flexible behavioral responses and delayed changes in thermal and water biology traits.
Collapse
|
45
|
Dupoué A, Angelier F, Ribout C, Meylan S, Rozen-Rechels D, Decencière B, Agostini S, Le Galliard JF. Chronic water restriction triggers sex-specific oxidative stress and telomere shortening in lizards. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20190889. [PMID: 32097601 PMCID: PMC7058957 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals use a variety of strategies to avoid acute dehydration and death. Yet, how chronic exposure to sub-lethal dehydration may entail physiological and fitness costs remains elusive. In this study, we experimentally tested if water restriction causes increased oxidative stress (OS) and telomere length (TL) shortening, two well-described mediators of environment-fitness relationships. We exposed 100 yearling female and male common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) either to a 51-day period of water restriction or to water ad libitum, followed by 45 days in common garden outdoor conditions. We measured the kinetic changes in OS and TL and found that water-restricted males had enhanced antioxidant defences and decreased oxidative damage at day 36, whereas females did not immediately respond. A month and a half after water restriction, both sexes experienced a drop in antioxidant capacity but only males exhibited significant TL shortening. In the following 3 years, we found that lizards with longer initial TL and those who maintained stronger antioxidant defences experienced higher longevity, irrespective of sex and water restriction. Together, these results unravelled sex-specific responses to water restriction, with potential applications in better understanding the physiological costs of increasing summer droughts as a result of global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréaz Dupoué
- iEES Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7618, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- CEBC, La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR 7372, 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Cécile Ribout
- CEBC, La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR 7372, 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- iEES Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7618, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Rozen-Rechels
- iEES Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7618, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- CEBC, La Rochelle Université, CNRS UMR 7372, 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Beatriz Decencière
- École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Département de biologie, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), 78 rue du château, 77140 Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| | - Simon Agostini
- École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Département de biologie, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), 78 rue du château, 77140 Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- iEES Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7618, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Département de biologie, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), 78 rue du château, 77140 Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Contrasting seasonal patterns of telomere dynamics in response to environmental conditions in the ectothermic sand lizard, Lacerta agilis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:182. [PMID: 31932620 PMCID: PMC6957525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the protective, terminal parts of the chromosomes erode during cell division and as a result of oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ectotherms rely on the ambient temperature for maintaining temperature-dependent metabolic rate, regulated through behavioural thermoregulation. Their temperature-dependant metabolism, hence also the ROS production, is indirectly regulated through thermoregulation. Consequently, a potential causal chain affecting telomere length and attrition is: temperature (in particular, its deviation from a species-specific optimum) – metabolism - ROS production – anti-oxidation - telomere erosion. We measured telomere length in sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) using qPCR on blood samples from 1998–2006. Effects of climatological parameters (mean temperature and average sunshine hours) in the summer and winter preceding telomere sampling were used as predictors of telomere length in mixed model analysis. During the lizards’ active period (summer), there was a largely negative effect of mean temperature and sun on telomere length, whereas a combined measure of age and size (head length) was positively related to telomere length. During the inactive period of lizards (winter), the results were largely the opposite with a positive relationship between temperature and sunshine hours and telomere length. In all four cases, thermal and age effects on telomere length appeared to be non-linear in the two sexes and seasons, with complex response surface effects on telomere length from combined age and thermal effects.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Decades of research into stress responses have highlighted large variation among individuals, populations, and species, and the sources of this variation have been a center of research across disciplines. The most common measure of the vertebrate stress response is glucocorticoids. However, the predictive power of glucocorticoid responses to fitness is surprisingly low. This is partly because the hormone levels rapidly change in response to stressor exposure and elevated levels at one time point can indicate either that glucocorticoids are helping the organism cope with the stressor or that dysregulation of hormone release is harming the organism. Meaning, the fitness consequences of the stressor depends on how efficient the stress responses are at negating the harmful impacts of stressors to cells and tissues. To encompass the idea of the efficiency of stress responses and to integrate cellular and organismal stress responses, a new theoretical model called the Damage-Fitness Model was developed. The model focuses on the downstream effects of stress responses and predicts that the accumulation of damage in cells and tissues (e.g., persistent damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA) negatively impacts fitness components. In this mini-review, we examine evidence supporting the Damage-Fitness Model and explore new directions forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Wada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Britt Heidinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dupoué A, Blaimont P, Rozen‐Rechels D, Richard M, Meylan S, Clobert J, Miles DB, Martin R, Decencière B, Agostini S, Le Galliard J. Water availability and temperature induce changes in oxidative status during pregnancy in a viviparous lizard. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andréaz Dupoué
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS‐UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Pauline Blaimont
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA
| | | | - Murielle Richard
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS‐UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Sorbonne Université, iEES ParisCNRS‐UMR 7618 Paris France
- ESPE de Paris, Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS‐UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Donald B. Miles
- Department of Biological Sciences Ohio University Athens OH USA
| | - Rémi Martin
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis CNRS‐UMR 5321 Saint Girons France
| | - Beatriz Decencière
- Centre de Recherche en Ecologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron Ile De France) Ecole Normale Supérieure CNRS‐UMS 3194 PSL Research University Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours France
| | - Simon Agostini
- Centre de Recherche en Ecologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron Ile De France) Ecole Normale Supérieure CNRS‐UMS 3194 PSL Research University Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours France
| | - Jean‐François Le Galliard
- Sorbonne Université, iEES ParisCNRS‐UMR 7618 Paris France
- Centre de Recherche en Ecologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron Ile De France) Ecole Normale Supérieure CNRS‐UMS 3194 PSL Research University Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Le Chevalier H, Marí‐Mena N, Carro B, Prunier JG, Bossu C, Darnet E, Souchet J, Guillaume O, Calvez O, Bertrand R, Barthe L, Pottier G, Martínez‐Sylvestre A, Verdaguer‐Foz I, Mossoll‐Torres M, Trochet A, Aubret F. Isolation and characterization of fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers in the viperine snake Natrix maura. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11227-11231. [PMID: 31641467 PMCID: PMC6802021 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nineteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and developed for Natrix maura. Polymorphism was assessed for 120 individuals sampled across four sampling sites from the French Pyrenees Mountains. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 15, and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.227 to 0.863. We tested for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium and assessed the presence of null alleles for all loci, resulting in a selection of 14 high-quality polymorphic markers. These markers will be extremely useful in identifying fine-scale genetic structures and providing insight into conservation management plans of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Le Chevalier
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UMR5321Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)MoulisFrance
| | - Neus Marí‐Mena
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group (GIBE)Universidade da CoruñaA CoruñaSpain
- All Genetics & Biology SLA CoruñaSpain
| | | | - Jérôme G. Prunier
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UMR5321Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)MoulisFrance
| | - Coralie Bossu
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UMR5321Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)MoulisFrance
| | - Elodie Darnet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UMR5321Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)MoulisFrance
| | - Jérémie Souchet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UMR5321Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)MoulisFrance
| | - Olivier Guillaume
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UMR5321Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)MoulisFrance
| | - Olivier Calvez
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UMR5321Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)MoulisFrance
| | - Romain Bertrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UMR5321Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)MoulisFrance
| | - Laurent Barthe
- Association Nature en Occitanie (NEO)Maison de l'Environnement de Midi‐PyrénéesToulouseFrance
| | - Gilles Pottier
- Association Nature en Occitanie (NEO)Maison de l'Environnement de Midi‐PyrénéesToulouseFrance
| | | | - Isabel Verdaguer‐Foz
- Catalonia Reptile and Amphibian Rescue Center (CRARC)C/Santa Claras/n MasquefaSpain
| | | | - Audrey Trochet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UMR5321Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)MoulisFrance
| | - Fabien Aubret
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), UMR5321Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)MoulisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
McLennan D, Recknagel H, Elmer KR, Monaghan P. Distinct telomere differences within a reproductively bimodal common lizard population. Funct Ecol 2019; 33:1917-1927. [PMID: 31762528 PMCID: PMC6853248 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Different strategies of reproductive mode, either oviparity (egg-laying) or viviparity (live-bearing), will be associated with a range of other life-history differences that are expected to affect patterns of ageing and longevity. It is usually difficult to compare the effects of alternative reproductive modes because of evolutionary and ecological divergence. However, the very rare exemplars of reproductive bimodality, in which different modes exist within a single species, offer an opportunity for robust and controlled comparisons.One trait of interest that could be associated with life history, ageing and longevity is the length of the telomeres, which form protective caps at the chromosome ends and are generally considered a good indicator of cellular health. The shortening of these telomeres has been linked to stressful conditions; therefore, it is possible that differing reproductive costs will influence patterns of telomere loss. This is important because a number of studies have linked a shorter telomere length to reduced survival.Here, we have studied maternal and offspring telomere dynamics in the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara). Our study has focused on a population where oviparous and viviparous individuals co-occur in the same habitat and occasionally interbreed to form admixed individuals.While viviparity confers many advantages for offspring, it might also incur substantial costs for the mother, for example require more energy. Therefore, we predicted that viviparous mothers would have relatively shorter telomeres than oviparous mothers, with admixed mothers having intermediate telomere lengths. There is thought to be a heritable component to telomere length; therefore, we also hypothesized that offspring would follow the same pattern as the mothers.Contrary to our predictions, the viviparous mothers and offspring had the longest telomeres, and the oviparous mothers and offspring had the shortest telomeres. The differing telomere lengths may have evolved as an effect of the life-history divergence between the reproductive modes, for example due to the increased growth rate that viviparous individuals may undergo to reach a similar size at reproduction. A free http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13408/suppinfo can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl McLennan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Department of Fish Ecology and EvolutionEAWAGKastanienbaumSwitzerland
| | - Hans Recknagel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Kathryn R. Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| |
Collapse
|