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Sen K, Kumar Das S, Ghosh N, Sinha K, Sil PC. Lupeol: A dietary and medicinal triterpene with therapeutic potential. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 229:116545. [PMID: 39293501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Lupeol, a triterpene derived from various plants, has emerged as a potent dietary supplement with extensive therapeutic potential. This review offers a comprehensive examination of lupeol's applications across diverse health conditions. By meticulously analyzing current scientific literature, we have synthesized findings that underscore lupeol's impact on cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological diseases, dermatological conditions, nephrological issues, and cardiovascular health. The review delves into molecular studies that reveal lupeol's ability to modulate disease pathways and alleviate symptoms, positioning it as a promising therapeutic agent. Moreover, we discuss the potential role of lupeol in clinical practice and public health strategies, emphasizing its substantial benefits as a natural compound. This thorough analysis serves as a critical resource for researchers, providing insights into the multifaceted therapeutic properties of lupeol and its potential to significantly enhance health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Sen
- Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram 721507, India
| | | | | | | | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India.
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Li BL, Liang HJ, Li QR, Wang Q, Ao ZY, Fan YW, Zhang WJ, Lian X, Chen JY, Yuan J, Wu JW. Euryachincoside, a Novel Phenolic Glycoside with Anti-Hepatic Fibrosis Activity from Eurya chinensis. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:516-525. [PMID: 35439837 DOI: 10.1055/a-1828-2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eurya chinensis has been recorded as a folk medicine traditionally used for treatment of a variety of symptoms. However, the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of this plant are still scarce. A novel phenolic glycoside named Euryachincoside (ECS) was isolated by chromatographic separation from E. chinensis, and its chemical structure was identified by analysis of HRMS and NMR data. Its anti-hepatic fibrosis effects were evaluated in both HSC-T6 (rat hepatic stellate cells) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mice with Silybin (SLB) as the positive control. In an in vitro study, ECS showed little cytotoxicity and inhibited transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-induced Collagen I (Col1) along with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions in HSC-T6. An in vivo study suggested ECS significantly ameliorated hepatic injury, secretions of inflammatory cytokines, and collagen depositions. Moreover, ECS markedly mediated Smad2/3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways both in vitro and vivo. These present findings confirmed that ECS is a novel phenolic glycoside from E. chinensis with promising curative effects on hepatic fibrosis, and its mechanisms may include decreasing extracellular matrix accumulation, reducing inflammation and attenuating free radicals via Smad2/3, NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways, which may shed light on the exploration of more effective phenolic glycoside-based anti-fibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Lin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Ran Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Ao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wen Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Wei Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Li QR, Liang HJ, Li BL, Ao ZY, Fan YW, Zhang WJ, Lian X, Chen JY, Hu JJ, Yuan J, Wu JW. Two new withanolides from the whole plants of Physalis peruviana. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:349-356. [PMID: 35796599 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2095263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two new withaphysalin-type withanolides (18-O-ethylwithaphysalin R and 5-O-ethylphysaminimin C, 1 and 2), along with twelve known withanolides (3-14), were purified and identified from Physalis peruviana L. The chemical structures of these new isolates were elucidated through analyzing spectroscopic and HRESIMS data. All the obtained metabolites were appraised for their potential antiproliferative activity against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Compound 7 was discovered to exhibit potent activity with an IC50 value of 3.51 µM and compounds 2, 6 and 14 showed weak cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ran Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui-Jun Liang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bai-Lin Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Ao
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Wen Fan
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Lian
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Yan Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan-Juan Hu
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie-Wei Wu
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Bai J, Shi Z, Wang S, Pan H, Zhang T. MiR-21 and let-7 cooperation in the regulation of lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:950043. [PMID: 36249072 PMCID: PMC9557158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.950043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer occurs and develops as a result of a complicated process involving numerous genes; therefore, single-gene regulation has a limited therapeutic effect. We discovered that miR-21 expression was high in lung cancer tissues and cells, whereas let-7 expression was low, and it is unclear whether their combined regulation would be superior to therapy involving single regulation. The goal of our research was to investigate this situation and the regulatory mechanism that exists between these genes. Methods To regulate the levels of miR-21 and let-7 in these two types of lung cancer cells, we transfected miRNA mimics or inhibitors into A549 and H460 cells. Lung cancer cells were tested for proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. The results were verified using a Western blot and a qRT-PCR assay. Bioinformatics was used to investigate their potential regulatory pathways, and luciferase assays were used to confirm the binding sites. Results The expression of miR-21 was increased and that of let-7 was decreased in lung cancer tissues and cells compared with paracancerous tissues and normal lung cells (p < 0.01). Tumor cells were inhibited by downregulation of miR-21 and upregulation of let-7, and cooperative regulation showed a better effect. Upregulation of miR-21 and downregulation of let-7 promoted tumor cells, and this tumor-promoting effect was amplified by cooperative regulation. MiR-21 regulated lung cancer cells directly via the Wnt/-catenin pathway, and let-7 exerted its effects via the PLAG1/GDH1 pathway. MiR-21 and let-7 cooperated to regulate lung cancer cells via the K-ras pathway. Conclusions The effect of cooperative regulation of miR-21 and let-7 on lung cancer is greater than that of a single miRNA. MiR-21 and let-7 are important differentially expressed genes in lung cancer that are regulated by the K-ras pathway. As a result, for multigene lung cancer, the cooperative regulation of two miRNAs will provide a new target and direction for lung cancer treatment in the future.
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Sohrabi M, Bikhof Torbati M, Lutz M, Meghdadi S, Farrokhpour H, Amiri A, Amirnasr M. Application of cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes as therapeutic agents in biomedical and luminescent cellular imaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kaur G, Kumar BVS, Singh B, Sethi RS. Exposures to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with or without endotoxin upregulate small cell lung cancer pathway. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:14. [PMID: 33865415 PMCID: PMC8052721 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pesticide residues in food and environment along with airborne contaminants such as endotoxins pose health risk. Although herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been associated with increased risk of lung cancers such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) among agricultural workers, there are no data on the SCLC signaling pathway upon 2,4-D exposure without LPS or in combination with endotoxin. Methods We exposed Swiss albino mice (N = 48) orally to high (9.58 mg kg− 1) and low (5.12 mg kg− 1) dosages of 2,4-D dissolved in corn oil for 90 days followed by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or normal saline solution (80 μl/animal). Lung samples and broncho-alveolar fluid (BALF) were subjected to Total histological score (THS) and total leucocyte count (TLC) and differential leucocytes count (DLC) analyses, respectively. We used microarray and bioinformatics tools for transcriptomic analyses and differentially expressed genes were analyzed to predict the top canonical pathways followed by validation of selected genes by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Total histological score (THS) along with BALF analyses showed lung inflammation following long term dietary exposure to high or low doses of 2,4-D individually or in combination with LPS. Microarray analysis revealed exposure to high dose of 2,4-D without or with LPS upregulated 2178 and 2142 and downregulated 1965 and 1719 genes, respectively (p < 0.05; minimum cut off 1.5 log fold change). The low dose without or with LPS upregulated 2133 and 2054 and downregulated 1838 and 1625 genes, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed SCLC as topmost dysregulated pathway along with differential expression of Itgb1, NF-κB1, p53, Cdk6 and Apaf1. Immunohistological and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses also supported the transcriptomic data. Conclusions Taken together, the data show exposures to high and low dose of 2,4-D with/without LPS induced lung inflammation and altered pulmonary transcriptome profile with the involvement of the SCLC pathway. The data from the study provide the insights of the potential damage on lungs caused by 2,4-D and help to better understand the mechanism of this complex relation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12995-021-00304-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - B V Sunil Kumar
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - R S Sethi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
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Maurya SK, Shadab G, Siddique HR. Chemosensitization of Therapy Resistant Tumors: Targeting Multiple Cell Signaling Pathways by Lupeol, A Pentacyclic Triterpene. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:455-465. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200122122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The resistance of cancer cells to different therapies is one of the major stumbling blocks
for successful cancer treatment. Various natural and pharmaceuticals drugs are unable to control drug-resistance
cancer cell's growth. Also, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have several side effects and cannot apply to the patient
in excess. In this context, chemosensitization to the therapy-resistant cells by non-toxic phytochemicals
could be an excellent alternative to combat therapy-resistant cancers.
Objective:
To review the currently available literature on chemosensitization of therapy resistance cancers by
Lupeol for clinically approved drugs through targeting different cell signaling pathways.
Methods:
We reviewed relevant published articles in PubMed and other search engines from 1999 to 2019 to
write this manuscript. The key words used for the search were “Lupeol and Cancer”, “Lupeol and Chemosensitization”,
“Lupeol and Cell Signaling Pathways”, “Cancer Stem Cells and Lupeol” etc. The published results on the
chemosensitization of Lupeol were compared and discussed.
Results:
Lupeol chemosensitizes drug-resistant cancer cells for clinically approved drugs. Lupeol alone or in
combination with approved drugs inhibits inflammation in different cancer cells through modulation of expression
of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Lupeol, through altering the expression levels of BCL-2, BAX, Survivin, FAS,
Caspases, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, significantly induce cell deaths among therapy-resistant
cells. Lupeol also modulates the molecules involved in cell cycle regulation such as Cyclins, CDKs, P53, P21,
and PCNA in different cancer types.
Conclusion:
Lupeol chemosensitizes the therapy-resistant cancer cells for the treatment of various clinically
approved drugs via modulating different signaling pathways responsible for chemoresistance cancer. Thus, Lupeol
might be used as an adjuvant molecule along with clinically approved drugs to reduce the toxicity and increase
the effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Maurya
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G.G.H.A. Shadab
- Molecular Toxicology & Cytogenetics Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Anisimova N, Kiselevskiy M, Martynenko N, Straumal B, Willumeit-Römer R, Dobatkin S, Estrin Y. Cytotoxicity of biodegradable magnesium alloy WE43 to tumor cells in vitro: Bioresorbable implants with antitumor activity? J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:167-173. [PMID: 30957969 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a degradable magnesium alloy WE43 (Mg-3.56%Y-2.20%Nd-0.47%Zr) was used as a research object. To refine its microstructure from the initial homogenized one, the alloy was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The data presented show that coincubation of tumor LNCaP and MDA-MB-231 cells with the WE43 alloy in the homogenized and the ECAP-processed states led to a decrease in their viability and proliferation. An increase in the concentration of Annexin V(+) cells during coincubation with samples in both microstructural states investigated was also observed. This is associated with the induction of apoptosis in the cell culture through contact with the samples. Concurrently, a significant drop in the concentration of Bcl-2(+) cells occurred. It was established that ECAP led to an enhancement of the cytotoxic activity of the alloy against tumor cells. This study demonstrated that alloy WE43 can be considered as a promising candidate for application in orthopedic implants in clinical oncology, where it could play a double role of a mechanically stable, yet bioresorbable, scaffold with local antitumor activity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:167-173, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Anisimova
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia.,N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kiselevskiy
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia.,N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Martynenko
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia.,A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Straumal
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Institute of Materials Research, Division Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Sergey Dobatkin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, Russia.,A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Estrin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Chen P, Gu YY, Ma FC, He RQ, Li ZY, Zhai GQ, Lin X, Hu XH, Pan LJ, Chen G. Expression levels and co‑targets of miRNA‑126‑3p and miRNA‑126‑5p in lung adenocarcinoma tissues: Αn exploration with RT‑qPCR, microarray and bioinformatic analyses. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:939-953. [PMID: 30535503 PMCID: PMC6313014 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological subtype of lung cancer. Previous studies have found that many microRNAs (miRNAs), including miRNA-126-3p, may play a critical role in the development of LUAD. However, no study of LUAD has researched the synergistic effects and co-targets of both miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-126-5p. The present study used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to explore the expression values of miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-126-5p in 101 LUAD and 101 normal lung tissues. Ten relevant microarray datasets were screened to further validate the expression levels of miRNA-126-3p and −5p in LUAD. Twelve prediction tools were employed to obtain potential targets of miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-126-5p. The results showed that both miRNA-126-3p and −5p were expressed significantly lower in LUAD. A significant positive correlation was also present between miRNA-126-3p and −5p expression in LUAD. In addition, lower expression of miRNA-126-3p and −5p was indicative of vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and a later tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) stage of LUAD. The authors obtained 167 targets of miRNA-126-3p and 212 targets of miRNA-126-5p; 44 targets were co-targets of both. Eight co-target genes (IGF2BP1, TRPM8, DUSP4, SOX11, PLOD2, LIN28A, LIN28B and SLC7A11) were initially identified as key genes in LUAD. The results of the present study indicated that the co-regulation of miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-126-5p plays a key role in the development of LUAD, which also suggests a fail-proof mode between miRNA-3p and miRNA-126-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Yao Gu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Chao Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zu-Yun Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gao-Qiang Zhai
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Jiang Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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