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Camblor-Perujo S, Ozer Yildiz E, Küpper H, Overhoff M, Rastogi S, Bazzi H, Kononenko NL. The AP-2 complex interacts with γ-TuRC and regulates the proliferative capacity of neural progenitors. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302029. [PMID: 38086550 PMCID: PMC10716017 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are organelles that nucleate microtubules via the activity of gamma-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRC). In the developing brain, centrosome integrity is central to the progression of the neural progenitor cell cycle, and its loss leads to microcephaly. We show that NPCs maintain centrosome integrity via the endocytic adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2). NPCs lacking AP-2 exhibit defects in centrosome formation and mitotic progression, accompanied by DNA damage and accumulation of p53. This function of AP-2 in regulating the proliferative capacity of NPCs is independent of its role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is coupled to its association with the GCP2, GCP3, and GCP4 components of γ-TuRC. We find that AP-2 maintains γ-TuRC organization and regulates centrosome function at the level of MT nucleation. Taken together, our data reveal a novel, noncanonical function of AP-2 in regulating the proliferative capacity of NPCs and open new avenues for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders with AP-2 complex dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebru Ozer Yildiz
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanna Küpper
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melina Overhoff
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saumya Rastogi
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hisham Bazzi
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Excellence Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, Natural Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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2
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Shaikh SS, Goebel A, Lee MC, Nahorski MS, Shenker N, Pamela Y, Drissi I, Brown C, Ison G, Shaikh MF, Kuttikat A, Woods WA, Dixit A, Stouffer K, Clarke MC, Menon DK, Woods CG. Evidence of a genetic background predisposing to complex regional pain syndrome type 1. J Med Genet 2024; 61:163-170. [PMID: 37816627 PMCID: PMC10850724 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-1) is a rare, disabling and sometimes chronic disorder usually arising after a trauma. This exploratory study examined whether patients with chronic CRPS-1 have a different genetic profile compared with those who do not have the condition. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed to seek altered non-synonymous SNP allele frequencies in a discovery cohort of well-characterised patients with chronic CRPS-1 (n=34) compared with population databases. Identified SNP alleles were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and sought in a replication cohort (n=50). Gene expression of peripheral blood macrophages was assessed. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, the rare allele frequencies of four non-synonymous SNPs were statistically increased. The replication cohort confirmed this finding. In a chronic pain cohort, these alleles were not overexpressed. In total, 25 out of 84 (29.8%) patients with CRPS-1 expressed a rare allele. The SNPs were rs41289586 in ANO10, rs28360457 in P2RX7, rs1126930 in PRKAG1 and rs80308281 in SLC12A9. Males were more likely than females to have a rare SNP allele, 8 out of 14 (57.1%) vs 17 out of 70 (24.3%) (Fisher's p=0.023). ANO10, P2RX7, PRKAG1 and SLC12A9 were all expressed in macrophages from healthy human controls. CONCLUSION A single SNP in each of the genes ANO10, P2RX7, PRKAG1 and SLC12A9 was associated with developing chronic CRPS-1, with more males than females expressing these rare alleles. Our work suggests the possibility that a permissive genetic background is an important factor in the development of CRPS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiha S Shaikh
- Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Andreas Goebel
- Pain Research Institute, Clinical Sciences Centre, University of Liverpool Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Michael S Nahorski
- Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Nicholas Shenker
- Department of Rheumatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital Rheumatology Department, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Yunisa Pamela
- Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ichrak Drissi
- Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Christopher Brown
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Gillian Ison
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Maliha F Shaikh
- Department of Rheumatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital Rheumatology Department, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Anoop Kuttikat
- Department of Rheumatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital Rheumatology Department, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - William A Woods
- Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Abhishek Dixit
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Kaitlin Stouffer
- Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Murray Ch Clarke
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - David K Menon
- Brain Physics Laboratory, University of Cambridge Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - C Geoffrey Woods
- Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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3
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Lischka A, Lassuthova P, Çakar A, Record CJ, Van Lent J, Baets J, Dohrn MF, Senderek J, Lampert A, Bennett DL, Wood JN, Timmerman V, Hornemann T, Auer-Grumbach M, Parman Y, Hübner CA, Elbracht M, Eggermann K, Geoffrey Woods C, Cox JJ, Reilly MM, Kurth I. Genetic pain loss disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:41. [PMID: 35710757 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic pain loss includes congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP), hereditary sensory neuropathies and, if autonomic nerves are involved, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN). This heterogeneous group of disorders highlights the essential role of nociception in protecting against tissue damage. Patients with genetic pain loss have recurrent injuries, burns and poorly healing wounds as disease hallmarks. CIP and HSAN are caused by pathogenic genetic variants in >20 genes that lead to developmental defects, neurodegeneration or altered neuronal excitability of peripheral damage-sensing neurons. These genetic variants lead to hyperactivity of sodium channels, disturbed haem metabolism, altered clathrin-mediated transport and impaired gene regulatory mechanisms affecting epigenetic marks, long non-coding RNAs and repetitive elements. Therapies for pain loss disorders are mainly symptomatic but the first targeted therapies are being tested. Conversely, chronic pain remains one of the greatest unresolved medical challenges, and the genes and mechanisms associated with pain loss offer new targets for analgesics. Given the progress that has been made, the coming years are promising both in terms of targeted treatments for pain loss disorders and the development of innovative pain medicines based on knowledge of these genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Lischka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Lassuthova
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arman Çakar
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christopher J Record
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonas Van Lent
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maike F Dohrn
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Auer-Grumbach
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yesim Parman
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - C Geoffrey Woods
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James J Cox
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Das J, Tiwari M, Subramanyam D. Clathrin Light Chains: Not to Be Taken so Lightly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:774587. [PMID: 34970544 PMCID: PMC8712872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin is a cytosolic protein involved in the intracellular trafficking of a wide range of cargo. It is composed of three heavy chains and three light chains that together form a triskelion, the subunit that polymerizes to form a clathrin coated vesicle. In addition to its role in membrane trafficking, clathrin is also involved in various cellular and biological processes such as chromosomal segregation during mitosis and organelle biogenesis. Although the role of the heavy chains in regulating important physiological processes has been well documented, we still lack a complete understanding of how clathrin light chains regulate membrane traffic and cell signaling. This review highlights the importance and contributions of clathrin light chains in regulating clathrin assembly, vesicle formation, endocytosis of selective receptors and physiological and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Das
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Mahak Tiwari
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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5
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Wang H, Li S, Liu H, Bian S, Huang W, Xing C, Wang Y. Integrative analysis of somatic mutations and differential expression profiles in glioblastoma based on aging acceleration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:582-595. [PMID: 34093944 PMCID: PMC8167488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor and the mechanisms of progression are very complex. Accelerated aging is a driving factor of GBM. However, there has not been thorough research about the mechanisms of GBM progression based on aging acceleration. METHODS The aging predictor was modeled based on normal brain samples. Then an aging acceleration background network was constructed to explore GBM mechanisms. RESULTS The accelerated aging-related mechanisms provided an innovative way to study GBM, wherein integrative analysis of somatic mutations and differential expression revealed key pathologic characteristics. Moreover, the influence of the immune system, the nervous system and other critical factors on GBM were identified. The survival analysis also disclosed crucial GBM markers. CONCLUSION An integrative analysis of multi-omics data based on aging acceleration identified new driving factors for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Wang
- Department of Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University155# North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University155# North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shiyan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shiyu Bian
- China Medical University - The Queen’s University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wanjiang Huang
- No. 10 Middle SchoolXiangyang 441021, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chengzhong Xing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University155# North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University155# North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
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6
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Camblor-Perujo S, Kononenko NL. Brain-specific functions of the endocytic machinery. FEBS J 2021; 289:2219-2246. [PMID: 33896112 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is an essential cellular process required for multiple physiological functions, including communication with the extracellular environment, nutrient uptake, and signaling by the cell surface receptors. In a broad sense, endocytosis is accomplished through either constitutive or ligand-induced invagination of the plasma membrane, which results in the formation of the plasma membrane-retrieved endocytic vesicles, which can either be sent for degradation to the lysosomes or recycled back to the PM. This additional function of endocytosis in membrane retrieval has been adopted by excitable cells, such as neurons, for membrane equilibrium maintenance at synapses. The last two decades were especially productive with respect to the identification of brain-specific functions of the endocytic machinery, which additionally include but not limited to regulation of neuronal differentiation and migration, maintenance of neuron morphology and synaptic plasticity, and prevention of neurotoxic aggregates spreading. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of brain-specific functions of endocytic machinery with a specific focus on three brain cell types, neuronal progenitor cells, neurons, and glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
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7
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Briant K, Redlingshöfer L, Brodsky FM. Clathrin's life beyond 40: Connecting biochemistry with physiology and disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 65:141-149. [PMID: 32836101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the range and mechanisms of clathrin functions has developed exponentially since clathrin's discovery in 1975. Here, newly established molecular mechanisms that regulate clathrin activity and connect clathrin pathways to differentiation, disease and physiological processes such as glucose metabolism are reviewed. Diversity and commonalities of clathrin pathways across the tree of life reveal species-specific differences enabling functional plasticity in both membrane traffic and cytokinesis. New structural information on clathrin coat formation and cargo interactions emphasises the interplay between clathrin, adaptor proteins, lipids and cargo, and how this interplay regulates quality control of clathrin's function and is compromised in infection and neurological disease. Roles for balancing clathrin-mediated cargo transport are defined in stem cell development and additional disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Briant
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck and University College London, 14 Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Lisa Redlingshöfer
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck and University College London, 14 Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Frances M Brodsky
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck and University College London, 14 Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
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8
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Camus SM, Camus MD, Figueras-Novoa C, Boncompain G, Sadacca LA, Esk C, Bigot A, Gould GW, Kioumourtzoglou D, Perez F, Bryant NJ, Mukherjee S, Brodsky FM. CHC22 clathrin mediates traffic from early secretory compartments for human GLUT4 pathway biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133472. [PMID: 31863584 PMCID: PMC7039200 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201812135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood glucose clearance relies on insulin-stimulated exocytosis of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from sites of sequestration in muscle and fat. This work demonstrates that, in humans, CHC22 clathrin controls GLUT4 traffic from the ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment to sites of sequestration during GLUT4 pathway biogenesis. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is sequestered inside muscle and fat and then released by vesicle traffic to the cell surface in response to postprandial insulin for blood glucose clearance. Here, we map the biogenesis of this GLUT4 traffic pathway in humans, which involves clathrin isoform CHC22. We observe that GLUT4 transits through the early secretory pathway more slowly than the constitutively secreted GLUT1 transporter and localize CHC22 to the ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). CHC22 functions in transport from the ERGIC, as demonstrated by an essential role in forming the replication vacuole of Legionella pneumophila bacteria, which requires ERGIC-derived membrane. CHC22 complexes with ERGIC tether p115, GLUT4, and sortilin, and downregulation of either p115 or CHC22, but not GM130 or sortilin, abrogates insulin-responsive GLUT4 release. This indicates that CHC22 traffic initiates human GLUT4 sequestration from the ERGIC and defines a role for CHC22 in addition to retrograde sorting of GLUT4 after endocytic recapture, enhancing pathways for GLUT4 sequestration in humans relative to mice, which lack CHC22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane M Camus
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marine D Camus
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gaelle Boncompain
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | | | - Christopher Esk
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Association Institut de Myologie, UMR S974 Centre for Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Gwyn W Gould
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dimitrios Kioumourtzoglou
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Franck Perez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Nia J Bryant
- Department of Biology and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | - Shaeri Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Frances M Brodsky
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
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9
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Building GLUT4 Vesicles: CHC22 Clathrin's Human Touch. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:705-719. [PMID: 32620516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose transport by triggering regulated delivery of intracellular vesicles containing the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the plasma membrane. This process is defective in diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While studies in rodent cells have been invaluable in understanding GLUT4 traffic, evolutionary plasticity must be considered when extrapolating these findings to humans. Recent work has identified species-specific distinctions in GLUT4 traffic, notably the participation of a novel clathrin isoform, CHC22, in humans but not rodents. Here, we discuss GLUT4 sorting in different species and how studies of CHC22 have identified new routes for GLUT4 trafficking. We further consider how different sorting-protein complexes relate to these routes and discuss other implications of these pathways in cell biology and disease.
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10
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Drissi I, Woods WA, Woods CG. Understanding the genetic basis of congenital insensitivity to pain. Br Med Bull 2020; 133:65-78. [PMID: 32219415 PMCID: PMC7227775 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) is caused by extremely rare Mendelian genetic disorders. CIP individuals demonstrate the unexpectedly severe consequences of painlessness. Although only a small number of causative conditions and genes are known, most have led to profound insights into human nociception. CIP gene discovery is catalyzing the manufacture of completely new classes of analgesics, and these are needed as alternatives to synthetic highly potent opioids. SOURCES OF DATA Pubmed.gov peer-reviewed journal articles and reviews. AREAS OF AGREEMENT The importance of nerve growth factor-tropomyosin receptor kinase A (NGF-TRKA) signalling for nociceptor genesis and subsequent pain sensing.New analgesics can be generated from knowledge of the NGF-TRKA nociceptor pathway.Increased susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection is a consequence of deficient NGF-TRKA signalling.Mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channels SCN9A and SCN11A can cause congenital painlessness, and in contradistinction, other mutations can cause episodic neuropathic pain. SCN9A/Nav1.7 is an analgesic target. SCN11A/Nav1.9 is unlikely to be an analgesic target.There are further Mendelian causes of painlessness to be discovered. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Which NGF-TRKA intracellular signalling pathways operate in nociceptor development and which in post-natal pain sensing?Why have no clinically effective Nav1.7 antagonist been generated? SCN9A-CIP causes analgesia, at least in part, through endogenous opioids.Why do all CIP phenotypes involve a complete loss of all types of nociception? AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH PRDM12 as an analgesic target.Discovery of the function and analgesic potential of new CIP genes.Can NGF-TRKA be used in the treatment of S. aureus?
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichrak Drissi
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - William Aidan Woods
- School of Medicine, David Weatherall building, University Road, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Christopher Geoffrey Woods
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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11
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Wang Q, Liu Z, Lin Z, Zhang R, Lu Y, Su W, Li F, Xu X, Tu M, Lou Y, Zhao J, Zheng X. De Novo Germline Mutations in SEMA5A Associated With Infantile Spasms. Front Genet 2019; 10:605. [PMID: 31354784 PMCID: PMC6635550 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile spasm (IS) is an early-onset epileptic encephalopathy that usually presents with hypsarrhythmia on an electroencephalogram with developmental impairment or regression. In this study, whole-exome sequencing was performed to detect potential pathogenic de novo mutations, and finally we identified a novel damaging de novo mutation in SEMA5A and a compound heterozygous mutation in CLTCL1 in three sporadic trios with IS. The expression profiling of SEMA5A in the human brain showed that it was mainly highly expressed in the cerebral cortex, during the early brain development stage (8 to 9 post-conception weeks and 0 to 5 months after birth). In addition, we identified a close protein-protein interaction network between SEMA5A and candidate genes associated with epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability. Gene enrichment and function analysis demonstrated that genes interacting with SEMA5A were significantly enriched in several brain regions across early fetal development, including the cortex, cerebellum, striatum and thalamus (q < 0.05), and were involved in axonal, neuronal and synapse-associated processes. Furthermore, SEMA5A and its interacting genes were associated with ASD, epilepsy syndrome and developmental disorders of mental health. Our results provide insightful information indicating that SEMA5A may contribute to the development of the brain and is associated with IS. However, further genetic studies are still needed to evaluate the role of SEMA5A in IS to definitively establish the role of SEMA5A in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongdong Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yutian Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weijue Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junzhao Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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