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Sahoo S, Badhe MR, Paul A, Sahoo PK, Suryawanshi AR, Panda D, Pillai BR, Baliarsingh S, Patnaik BB, Mohanty J. Isolation and characterization of a lectin-like chitinase from the hepatopancreas of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Biochimie 2024; 221:125-136. [PMID: 37769935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A lectin was isolated from the hepatopancreas of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii by affinity chromatography using mucin-sepharose matrix. The purity of the isolated lectin was confirmed in native gradient PAGE that showed a single protein band of ∼37.9 kDa. In SDS-PAGE also one band of ∼43.3 kDa molecular weight was observed that indicated the protein to be a monomer. The band from the SDS-PAGE gel was identified through mass spectrometry as chitinase 1. The purified chitinase (50 μg/ml) hemagglutinated rabbit RBCs and, mucin and glucose inhibited hemagglutination with minimum concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml and 100 mM, respectively. Bacterial agglutination with Gram -ve Vibrio harveyi, Aeromonas sobria and Escherichia coli was also observed by this protein. Thus, chitinase 1 showed lectin-like properties besides its chitin hydrolytic activity. In western blot with hepatopancreas sample, rabbit antiserum against chitinase 1 cross-reacted to two additional proteins namely, chitinase 1C and obstructor E (a chitin-binding protein, CBP), besides its specific reactivity. An indirect ELISA was developed with the antiserum to quantify chitinases/CBP in hepatopancreas and serum samples of M. rosenbergii. The assay was used in samples from juvenile prawns following V. harveyi challenge. At 72 h post-challenge, significantly higher levels of chitinases/CBP were quantified in the hepatopancreas of the challenged group (1.8 ± 0.2 mg/g tissue) compared to the control (1.2 ± 0.1 mg/g tissue). This study suggests that the chitinase 1 protein with lectin-like properties is possibly induced at the protein level and can be putatively involved in the innate immune response of M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonalina Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Mohan R Badhe
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Anirban Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Pramoda Kumar Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | | | - Debabrata Panda
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Bindu R Pillai
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Snigdha Baliarsingh
- P.G. Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Nuapadhi, Balasore, 756089, India
| | - Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- P.G. Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Nuapadhi, Balasore, 756089, India; Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 31538, South Korea; Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 31538, South Korea
| | - Jyotirmaya Mohanty
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India.
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Shaked SA, Abehsera S, Ziegler A, Bentov S, Manor R, Weil S, Ohana E, Eichler J, Aflalo ED, Sagi A. A transporter that allows phosphate ions to control the polymorph of exoskeletal calcium carbonate biomineralization. Acta Biomater 2024; 178:221-232. [PMID: 38428510 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The SLC20A2 transporter supplies phosphate ions (Pi) for diverse biological functions in vertebrates, yet has not been studied in crustaceans. Unlike vertebrates, whose skeletons are mineralized mainly by calcium phosphate, only minute amounts of Pi are found in the CaCO3-mineralized exoskeletons of invertebrates. In this study, a crustacean SLC20A2 transporter was discovered and Pi transport to exoskeletal elements was studied with respect to the role of Pi in invertebrate exoskeleton biomineralization, revealing an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for Pi transport in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Freshwater crayfish, including the study animal Cherax quadricarinatus, require repeated molt cycles for their growth. During the molt cycle, crayfish form transient exoskeletal mineral storage organs named gastroliths, which mostly contain amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), an unstable polymorph long-thought to be stabilized by Pi. RNA interference experiments via CqSLC20A2 dsRNA injections reduced Pi content in C. quadricarinatus gastroliths, resulting in increased calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystallinity and grain size. The discovery of a SLC20A2 transporter in crustaceans and the demonstration that knocking down its mRNA reduced Pi content in exoskeletal elements offers the first direct proof of a long-hypothesized mechanism by which Pi affects CaCO3 biomineralization in the crustacean exoskeleton. This research thus demonstrated the distinct role of Pi as an amorphous mineral polymorph stabilizer in vivo, suggesting further avenues for amorphous biomaterial studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • Crustaceans exoskeletons are hardened mainly by CaCO3, with Pi in minute amounts • Pi was hypothesized to stabilize exoskeletal amorphous mineral forms in vivo • For the first time, transport protein for Pi was discovered in crayfish • Transport knock-down resulted in exoskeletal CaCO3 crystallization and reduced Pi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai A Shaked
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shai Abehsera
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Shmuel Bentov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Rivka Manor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Simy Weil
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ehud Ohana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Jerry Eichler
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Eliahu D Aflalo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, 79804, Israel
| | - Amir Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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Abehsera S, Bentov S, Li X, Weil S, Manor R, Sagi S, Li S, Li F, Khalaila I, Aflalo ED, Sagi A. Genes encoding putative bicarbonate transporters as a missing molecular link between molt and mineralization in crustaceans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11722. [PMID: 34083647 PMCID: PMC8175698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During their life, crustaceans undergo several molts, which if theoretically compared to the human body would be equivalent to replacing all bones at a single event. Such a dramatic repetitive event is coupled to unique molecular mechanisms of mineralization so far mostly unknown. Unlike human bone mineralized with calcium phosphate, the crustacean exoskeleton is mineralized mainly by calcium carbonate. Crustacean growth thus necessitates well-timed mobilization of bicarbonate to specific extracellular sites of biomineralization at distinct molt cycle stages. Here, by looking at the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus at different molting stages, we suggest that the mechanisms of bicarbonate ion transport for mineralization in crustaceans involve the SLC4 family of transporters and that these proteins play a key role in the tight coupling between molt cycle events and mineral deposition. This discovery of putative bicarbonate transporters in a pancrustacean with functional genomic evidence from genes encoding the SLC4 family-mostly known for their role in pH control-is discussed in the context of the evolution of calcium carbonate biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Abehsera
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shmuel Bentov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Xuguang Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Simy Weil
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rivka Manor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shahar Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Isam Khalaila
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eliahu D Aflalo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel
| | - Amir Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Shaked SA, Abehsera S, Levy T, Chalifa-Caspi V, Sagi A. From sporadic single genes to a broader transcriptomic approach: Insights into the formation of the biomineralized exoskeleton in decapod crustaceans. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107612. [PMID: 32896659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One fundamental character common to pancrustaceans (Crustacea and Hexapoda) is a mineralized rigid exoskeleton whose principal organic components are chitin and proteins. In contrast to traditional research in the field that has been devoted to the structural and physicochemical aspects of biomineralization, the present study explores transcriptomic aspects of biomineralization as a first step towards adding a complementary molecular layer to this field. The rigidity of the exoskeleton in pancrustaceans dictates essential molt cycles enabling morphological changes and growth. Thus, formation and mineralization of the exoskeleton are concomitant to the timeline of the molt cycle. Skeletal proteinaceous toolkit elements have been discovered in previous studies using innovative molt-related binary gene expression patterns derived from transcriptomic libraries representing the major stages comprising the molt cycle of the decapod crustacean Cherax quadricarinatus. Here, we revisited some prominent exoskeleton-related structural proteins encoding and, using the above molt-related binary pattern methodology, enlarged the transcriptomic database of C. quadricarinatus. The latter was done by establishing a new transcriptomic library of the cuticle forming epithelium and molar tooth at four different molt stages (i.e., inter-molt, early pre-molt, late pre-molt and post-molt) and incorporating it to a previous transcriptome derived from the gastroliths and mandible. The wider multigenic approach facilitated by the newly expanded transcriptomic database not only revisited single genes of the molecular toolkit, but also provided both scattered and specific information that broaden the overview of proteins and gene clusters which are involved in the construction and biomineralization of the exoskeleton in decapod crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai A Shaked
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shai Abehsera
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tom Levy
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Amir Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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